1
|
Yoon H, Savoy EA, Mesbahi N, Hendricksen AT, March GL, Fulton MD, Backer BS, Berkman CE. A PSMA-targeted doxorubicin small-molecule drug conjugate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 104:129712. [PMID: 38521177 PMCID: PMC11062396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
We developed a model small-molecule drug conjugate (SMDC) that employed doxorubicin as a representative chemotherapeutic targeted to the cell membrane biomarker PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) expressed on prostate cancer cells. The strategy capitalized on the clatherin-mediated internalization of PSMA to facilitate the selective uptake and release of doxorubicin in the target cells. The SMDC was prepared and assessed for binding kinetics, plasma stability, cell toxicity, and specificity towards PSMA expressing prostate cancer cell lines. We observed high affinity of the SMDC for PSMA (IC50 5 nM) with irreversible binding, as well as specific effectiveness against PSMA(+) cells. These findings validated the strategy for a small molecule-based approach in targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hosog Yoon
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States
| | - Emily A Savoy
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States
| | - Nooshin Mesbahi
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States
| | - Aaron T Hendricksen
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States
| | - Gabrielle L March
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States
| | - Melody D Fulton
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States
| | - Brian S Backer
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States
| | - Clifford E Berkman
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry Pullman, WA 99164-4630, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Shi X, Jia E, Qin S, Yu F. Extracellular vesicle biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:440-453. [PMID: 37914569 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers have promising diagnostic and screening capabilities for several cancers, and growing evidence indicates that EV biomarkers can be used as diagnostic markers for prostate cancer (CaP). However, data on the diagnostic accuracy of EV biomarkers for CaP diagnosis are conflicting. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, aimed to summarize the diagnostic performance of EV biomarkers for CaP. We systematically searched PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science from inception to 12 September 2022 for studies that assessed the diagnostic accuracy of EV biomarkers for CaP. We summarized the pooled sensitivity and specificity calculated using a random-effects model. We identified 19 studies involving 976 CaP patients and 676 noncancerous controls; one study conducted independent validation tests. Ten studies emphasized EV RNAs, 6 on EV proteins, and 9 on biomarker panels. MiR-141, miR-221, and PSMA were the most frequently reported RNAs and proteins for CaP diagnosis. For individual RNAs and proteins, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 70% (95% CI: 68%-71%), 79% (95% CI: 77%-80%), 85% (95% CI: 81%-87%), and 83% (95% CI: 80%-86%), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the EV panels were 84% (95% CI: 82%-86%) and 86% (95% CI: 84%-88%), respectively. The studies may have been somewhat limited by the EV isolation and detection techniques. EV biomarkers showed promising diagnostic capability for CaP. Addressing deficiencies in EV isolation and detection techniques has important implications for the application of these novel noninvasive biomarkers in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianquan Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Erna Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoyou Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sarkis M, Minassian G, Mitri N, Rahme K, Fracasso G, El Hage R, Ghanem E. D2B-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: Promising Vehicles for Targeted Drug Delivery to Prostate Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:819-827. [PMID: 36755401 PMCID: PMC9945086 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the multitude of therapeutic agents available to treat prostate cancer (PC), there are still no effective and safe measures to treat the tumor. It remains a challenge to develop a simple approach to target PC with specific antibodies. In our study, D2B monoclonal antibodies against a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) were used. We investigated the functionalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with D2B to generate favorable physicochemical and biological properties that mediate specific binding to PC. For this purpose, AuNPs with a size of about 25 nm were synthesized in water using sodium citrate as a reducing and stabilizing agent and then coated with D2B. Major physicochemical properties of naked and D2B-coated AuNPs were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. The successful binding of D2B to AuNPs-citrate caused a 15 nm red shift in the UV-vis. This was assessed by DLS as an increase in zeta potential from ∼-45 to ∼-23 mV and in the size of AuNPs from ∼25 to ∼63 nm. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the size shift of AuNPs, which was detected as an exterior organic layer of D2Bs surrounding each AuNP. Even at high exposure levels of the bioconjugates, PSMA-PC-3 cells exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. The specific and dose-dependent binding of AuNPs-D2B to PC-3-PSMA cells was validated by flow cytometry analysis. Our data provide effective drug delivery systems in PC theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monira Sarkis
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Georges Minassian
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Nadim Mitri
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Kamil Rahme
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon.,School of Chemistry & AMBER Centre, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Giulio Fracasso
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roland El Hage
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials (LCPM), PR2N (EDST), Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Campus Fanar P.O. Box 90656, 1103 Beirut, Lebanon.,Polymers Composites and Hybrids (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 30100 Ales, France
| | - Esther Ghanem
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon.,biobank.cy-Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sivrice ME, Yasan H, Kumbul YÇ, Ertunç O, Sayın S. The Importance of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Expression in Salivary Gland Tumors. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 60:206-211. [PMID: 37456601 PMCID: PMC10339265 DOI: 10.4274/tao.2022.2022-12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a cell membrane protein expressed by prostate tissues. It is not prostate specific and is also expressed by some non-prostatic solid neoplasms. Our study aimed to investigate the potential role of PSMA in salivary gland tumors. Methods The present study was designed to retrospectively analyze our cases that presented with salivary gland tumors. The files of 105 patients were reviewed and their paraffin embedded blocks were retrieved from the pathology department. Immunohistochemical examination and staining were done using PSMA antibody. Tumor tissue PSMA immunohistochemical staining was scored semi-quantitatively with the modified quartile approach. Negative staining was scored 0, >0% and ≤25% tissue expression was considered weak (score 1), >25% and ≤50% tissue expression was considered mild (score 2), >50% and ≤75% tissue expression was considered moderate (score 3), and >75% tissue expression was considered strong (score 4). Results Eighty-eight patients (55 males, 33 females) were included in the study. Forty-eight patients had pleomorphic adenoma (PA), 35 had Warthin's tumor (WT), two had mucoepidermoid carcinoma, two had adenoid cystic carcinoma, and one had squamous cell carcinoma. There was statistically significant difference in terms of PSMA expression between PA and WT (p=0.003). PSMA expression was high in PA and absent in WT. Conclusion PSMA is a potential source of inspiration for future studies on the development of novel diagnostic and theranostic investigations of salivary gland tumors. Prospective studies targeting intratumoral PSMA in salivary gland tumors should be planned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emre Sivrice
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yasan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Çağdaş Kumbul
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Onur Ertunç
- Department of Pathology, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Sarper Sayın
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cruz-Hernández CD, Rodríguez-Martínez G, Cortés-Ramírez SA, Morales-Pacheco M, Cruz-Burgos M, Losada-García A, Reyes-Grajeda JP, González-Ramírez I, González-Covarrubias V, Camacho-Arroyo I, Cerbón M, Rodríguez-Dorantes M. Aptamers as Theragnostic Tools in Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081056. [PMID: 36008950 PMCID: PMC9406110 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite of the capacity that several drugs have for specific inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR), in most cases, PCa progresses to an androgen-independent stage. In this context, the development of new targeted therapies for prostate cancer (PCa) has remained as a challenge. To overcome this issue, new tools, based on nucleic acids technology, have been developed. Aptamers are small oligonucleotides with a three-dimensional structure capable of interacting with practically any desired target, even large targets such as mammalian cells or viruses. Recently, aptamers have been studied for treatment and detection of many diseases including cancer. In PCa, numerous works have reported their use in the development of new approaches in diagnostics and treatment strategies. Aptamers have been joined with drugs or other specific molecules such as silencing RNAs (aptamer–siRNA chimeras) to specifically reduce the expression of oncogenes in PCa cells. Even though these studies have shown good results in the early stages, more research is still needed to demonstrate the clinical value of aptamers in PCa. The aim of this review was to compile the existing scientific literature regarding the use of aptamers in PCa in both diagnosis and treatment studies. Since Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) aptamers are the most studied type of aptamers in this field, special emphasis was given to these aptamers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos David Cruz-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (C.D.C.-H.); (G.R.-M.); (S.A.C.-R.); (M.M.-P.); (M.C.-B.); (A.L.-G.)
| | - Griselda Rodríguez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (C.D.C.-H.); (G.R.-M.); (S.A.C.-R.); (M.M.-P.); (M.C.-B.); (A.L.-G.)
| | - Sergio A. Cortés-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (C.D.C.-H.); (G.R.-M.); (S.A.C.-R.); (M.M.-P.); (M.C.-B.); (A.L.-G.)
| | - Miguel Morales-Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (C.D.C.-H.); (G.R.-M.); (S.A.C.-R.); (M.M.-P.); (M.C.-B.); (A.L.-G.)
| | - Marian Cruz-Burgos
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (C.D.C.-H.); (G.R.-M.); (S.A.C.-R.); (M.M.-P.); (M.C.-B.); (A.L.-G.)
| | - Alberto Losada-García
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (C.D.C.-H.); (G.R.-M.); (S.A.C.-R.); (M.M.-P.); (M.C.-B.); (A.L.-G.)
| | - Juan Pablo Reyes-Grajeda
- Laboratorio de Estructura de Proteínas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Imelda González-Ramírez
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana–Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico;
| | | | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (I.C.-A.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Cerbón
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (I.C.-A.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauricio Rodríguez-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (C.D.C.-H.); (G.R.-M.); (S.A.C.-R.); (M.M.-P.); (M.C.-B.); (A.L.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma S, Cwiklinski K, Sykes DE, Mahajan SD, Chevli K, Schwartz SA, Aalinkeel R. Use of Glycoproteins-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen and Galectin-3 as Primary Tumor Markers and Therapeutic Targets in the Management of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112704. [PMID: 35681683 PMCID: PMC9179331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate specific membrane antigen and galectins are proteins expressed on cell surface and their expression is associated with cancer growth and spread. The goal of this research was to look at the pattern of these two glycoproteins in the human prostate cancer microenvironment. Prostate specific membrane antigen and galectins-1,3 and 8 were the most frequently detected glycoproteins in various phases of this disease. Furthermore, prostate specific membrane antigen and galectin-3 expression are good indicators of tumor aggressiveness, and their combined expression can be valuable tool for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment in future. Together, our findings reveal a tightly regulated “Prostate specific membrane antigen-galectin-pattern” that accompanies disease in prostate cancer and point to a key role for combined prostate specific membrane antigen and galectin-3 inhibitors in prostate cancer treatment along with standard chemotherapy. Abstract Galectins and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are glycoproteins that are functionally implicated in prostate cancer (CaP). We undertook this study to analyze the “PSMA-galectin pattern” of the human CaP microenvironment with the overarching goal of selecting novel-molecular targets for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. We examined CaP cells and biopsy samples representing different stages of the disease and found that PSMA, Gal-1, Gal-3, and Gal-8 are the most abundantly expressed glycoproteins. In contrast, other galectins such as Gal-2, 4–7, 9–13, were uniformly expressed at lower levels across all cell lines. However, biopsy samples showed markedly higher expression of PSMA, Gal-1 and Gal-3. Independently PSA and Gleason score at diagnosis correlated with the expression of PSMA, Gal-3. Additionally, the combined index of PSMA and Gal-3 expression positively correlated with Gleason score and was a better predictor of tumor aggressiveness. Together, our results recognize a tightly regulated “PSMA-galectin- pattern” that accompanies disease in CaP and highlight a major role for the combined PSMA and Gal-3 inhibitors along with standard chemotherapy for prostate cancer treatment. Inhibitor combination studies show enzalutamide (ENZ), 2-phosphonomethyl pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA), and GB1107 as highly cytotoxic for LNCaP and LNCaP-KD cells, while Docetaxel (DOC) + GB1107 show greater efficacy in PC-3 cells. Overall, 2-PMPA and GB1107 demonstrate synergistic cytotoxic effects with ENZ and DOC in various CaP cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Sharma
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (K.C.); (D.E.S.); (S.D.M.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Katherine Cwiklinski
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (K.C.); (D.E.S.); (S.D.M.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Donald E. Sykes
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (K.C.); (D.E.S.); (S.D.M.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Supriya D. Mahajan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (K.C.); (D.E.S.); (S.D.M.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Kent Chevli
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Stanley A. Schwartz
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (K.C.); (D.E.S.); (S.D.M.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.S.); (K.C.); (D.E.S.); (S.D.M.); (S.A.S.)
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-888-4778
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mitri N, Rahme K, Fracasso G, Ghanem E. Human blood biocompatibility and immunogenicity of scFvD2B PEGylated gold nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:315101. [PMID: 35417900 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac66ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single chain variable D2B antibody fragments (scFvD2Bs) exhibit high affinity binding to prostate specific membrane antigens overexpressed in metastatic prostate cancer (PC). Conjugation of scFvD2B to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) would enhance its stability and plasma half-life circulation to shuttle theranostic agents in PC. In this study, we synthesized PEGylated scFvD2B-AuNPs (AuNPs-scFvD2B-PEG) and tested their integrity, biocompatibility, and immunogenicity in freshly withdrawn human blood. Prior to blood incubation, Zeta potential measurements, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to assess the physicochemical properties of our nano-complexes in the presence or absence of PEGylation. A surface plasmon resonance band shift of 2 and 4 nm confirmed the successful coating for AuNPs-scFvD2B and AuNPs-scFvD2B-PEG, respectively. Likewise, DLS revealed a size increase of ∼3 nm for AuNPs-scFvD2B and ∼19 nm for AuNPs-scFvD2B-PEG. Zeta potential increased from -34 to -19 mV for AuNPs-scFvD2B and reached -3 mV upon PEGylation. Similar assessment measures were applied post-incubation in human blood with additional immunogenicity tests, such as hemolysis assay, neutrophil function test, and pyridine formazan extraction. Interestingly, grafting PEG chains on AuNPs-scFvD2B precluded the binding of blood plasma proteins and reduced neutrophil activation level compared with naked AuNPs-citrate counterparts. Most likely, a hydrated negative PEG cloud shielded the NPs rendering blood compatiblility with less than 10% hemolysis. In conclusion, the biocompatible AuNPs-scFvD2B-PEG presents promising characteristics for PC targeted therapy, with minimal protein adsorption affinity, low immunorecognition, and reduced hemolytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Mitri
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, PO Box: 72, Lebanon
| | - Kamil Rahme
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, PO Box: 72, Lebanon
| | | | - Esther Ghanem
- Department of Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Zouk Mosbeh, PO Box: 72, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rüschoff JH, Stratton S, Roberts E, Clark S, Sebastiao N, Fankhauser CD, Eberli D, Moch H, Wild PJ, Rupp NJ. A novel 5x multiplex immunohistochemical staining reveals PSMA as a helpful marker in prostate cancer with low p504s expression. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 228:153667. [PMID: 34717149 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to combine multiple immunohistochemical (IHC) markers within a single tissue section facilitates the evaluation and detection of co-expressions, while saving tissue. A newly developed 5x multiplex (MPX) IHC staining of five different IHC markers (Basal cell cocktail (34βE12 + p63), p504s (SP116), ERG (EPR3864), Ki-67 (30-9), PSMA (EP192)) was applied on whole sections of n = 37 radical prostatectomies (RPE) including normal and cancerous tissue. Four different colors including brown, magenta, yellow and teal coded for different stainings, whereas magenta was used twice for nuclear Ki-67 and cytosolic / membranous PSMA. The staining of multiplex IHC was compared to single stains of ERG, PSMA and p504s. The proper staining of the basal cell cocktail and Ki-67 could be assessed by internal positive controls in the multiplex staining. The proportion of PSMA and p504s expression revealed a significant correlation between multiplex and single stains (p < 0.01) as well as a concordant staining pattern for ERG (n = 14 prostate cancers were identified ERG positive with both methods). Our proof of concept study demonstrates a robust staining pattern of all five different antibodies with this newly developed 5x MPX IHC. This approach facilitates the recognition of prostate cancer, in particular by adding PSMA in cases with low p504s expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Rüschoff
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian D Fankhauser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich; Department of Urology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trusts, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Wild
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Niels J Rupp
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tian JY, Chi CL, Bian G, Xing D, Guo FJ, Wang XQ. PSMA conjugated combinatorial liposomal formulation encapsulating genistein and plumbagin to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111723. [PMID: 33839474 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although the biomedical sciences have achieved tremendous success in developing novel approaches to managing prostate cancer, this disease remains one of the major health concerns among men worldwide. Liposomal formulations of single drugs have shown promising results in cancer treatment; however, the use of multi drugs has shown a better therapeutic index than individual drugs. The identification of cancer-specific receptors has added value to design targeted drug delivering nanocarriers. We have developed genistein and plumbagin co-encapsulating liposomes (∼120 nm) with PSMA specific antibodies to target prostate cancer cells selectively in this work. These liposomes showed >90 % decrease in PSMA expressing prostate cancer cell proliferation without any appreciable toxicity to healthy cells and human red blood cells. Release of plumbagin and genistein was found to decrease the expression of PI3/AKT3 signaling proteins and Glut-1 receptors (inhibited glucose uptake and metabolism), respectively. The decrease in migration potential of cells and induced apoptosis established the observed anti-proliferative effect in prostate cancer cell lines. The discussed strategy of developing novel, non-toxic, and PSMA specific antibody conjugated liposomes carrying genistein and plumbagin drugs may also be used for encapsulating other drugs and inhibit the growth of different types of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Tian
- Department of Urology, Second Division of The First Hospital of Jilin University, 3302 Jilin Rd, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Liang Chi
- Department of Urology, Second Division of The First Hospital of Jilin University, 3302 Jilin Rd, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Bian
- Department of Urology, Second Division of The First Hospital of Jilin University, 3302 Jilin Rd, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Xing
- Department of Urology, Second Division of The First Hospital of Jilin University, 3302 Jilin Rd, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Jun Guo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Rd, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Division of The First Hospital of Jilin University, 3302 Jilin Rd, Changchun, 130031, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Genetically-engineered anti-PSMA exosome mimetics targeting advanced prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. J Control Release 2021; 330:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
11
|
Saw PE, Song EW. Phage display screening of therapeutic peptide for cancer targeting and therapy. Protein Cell 2019; 10:787-807. [PMID: 31140150 PMCID: PMC6834755 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-019-0639-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, phage display technology has been announced as the recipient of Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018. Phage display technique allows high affinity target-binding peptides to be selected from a complex mixture pool of billions of displayed peptides on phage in a combinatorial library and could be further enriched through the biopanning process; proving to be a powerful technique in the screening of peptide with high affinity and selectivity. In this review, we will first discuss the modifications in phage display techniques used to isolate various cancer-specific ligands by in situ, in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo screening methods. We will then discuss prominent examples of solid tumor targeting-peptides; namely peptide targeting tumor vasculature, tumor microenvironment (TME) and over-expressed receptors on cancer cells identified through phage display screening. We will also discuss the current challenges and future outlook for targeting peptide-based therapeutics in the clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Er-Wei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meyer AR, Joice GA, Allaf ME, Rowe SP, Gorin MA. Integration of PSMA-targeted PET imaging into the armamentarium for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol 2019; 28:493-498. [PMID: 30188333 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To explore the current state of using prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET imaging to aid in the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Prostate-specific antigen screening remains controversial, as it is associated with the underdetection of clinically significant prostate cancer as well as the overdetection and subsequent overtreatment of clinically insignificant disease. A diagnostic test that can accurately assess the presence of clinically significant prostate cancer and avoid detection of low-risk tumors is needed. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) can aid in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer and can be used with fusion-based biopsy platforms to target biopsies to specific lesions. However, there are several limitations of mpMRI including a modest negative predictive value for high-grade cancer. PSMA-targeted PET imaging has shown promise as a noninvasive test to aid in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer while providing anatomical information to guide targeted biopsies. PSMA-targeted PET in combination with mpMRI offers a higher degree of diagnostic accuracy for imaging localized prostate cancer than either modality alone. SUMMARY PSMA-targeted PET imaging can aid in the identification of men with clinically significant prostate cancer. Further research is needed to determine the full potential of PSMA-targeted imaging in both the detection and treatment of localized prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R Meyer
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology
| | - Gregory A Joice
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology
| | - Mohamad E Allaf
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology
| | - Steven P Rowe
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A Gorin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fernandes SRG, Fernandes R, Sarmento B, Pereira PMR, Tomé JPC. Photoimmunoconjugates: novel synthetic strategies to target and treat cancer by photodynamic therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2579-2593. [PMID: 30648722 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines a photosensitizer (PS) with the physical energy of non-ionizing light to trigger cell death pathways. PDT has potential as a therapeutic modality to be used in alternative or in combination with other conventional cancer treatment protocols (e.g. surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy). Still, due to the lack of specificity of the current PSs to target the tumor cells, several studies have exploited their conjugation with targeting moieties. PSs conjugated with antibodies (Abs) or their fragments, able to bind antigens overexpressed in the tumors, have demonstrated potential in PDT of tumors. This review provides an overview of the most recent advances on photoimmunoconjugates (PICs) for cancer PDT, which involve the first and second-generation PSs conjugated to Abs. This is an update of our previous review "Antibodies armed with photosensitizers: from chemical synthesis to photobiological applications", published in 2015 in Org. Biomol. Chem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R G Fernandes
- CQE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu J, Han D, Shi S, Zhang Q, Zheng G, Wei M, Han Y, Li G, Yang F, Jiao D, Xie P, Zhang L, Yang AG, Zhao A, Qin W, Wen W. A Novel Fully Human Antibody targeting Extracellular Domain of PSMA Inhibits Tumor Growth in Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1289-1301. [PMID: 31048359 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. It is of vital importance to develop new strategies for prostate cancer therapy. PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) is specifically expressed in prostate cancer and the neovasculature of certain cancer types, thus is considered to be an ideal target for cancer therapy. In our previous study, we have obtained a PSMA-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv), named gy1, from a large yeast display naïve human scFv library. In this study, we reconstructed the PSMA scFv into a fully human antibody (named PSMAb) and evaluated its characterization both in vitro and in vivo We showed that PSMAb can specifically bind with and internalize into PSMA+ cells. The binding affinity of PSMAb is measured to be at nanomolar level, and PSMAb has very good thermostability. In vivo study showed that near IR dye-labeled PSMAb can specifically localize at PSMA+ tumors, and the application of PSMAb in vivo significantly inhibited the growth of PSMA+ tumors, but not PSMA- tumors. At the studied doses, no obvious toxicity was observed when applied in vivo, as shown by the relative normal liver and kidney function and normal structure of important organs, shown by hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, PSMAb may inhibit tumor growth through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity mechanisms. Our results indicated that the novel fully human antibody, PSMAb, deserve further study for PSMA-targeted diagnosis and therapy for prostate cancer and other cancer types with vascular PSMA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengjia Shi
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Guoxu Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Urology, 150th Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China
| | | | | | - Fa Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dian Jiao
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pin Xie
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - An-Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Weijun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Weihong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lesniak WG, Boinapally S, Banerjee SR, Behnam Azad B, Foss CA, Shen C, Lisok A, Wharram B, Nimmagadda S, Pomper MG. Evaluation of PSMA-Targeted PAMAM Dendrimer Nanoparticles in a Murine Model of Prostate Cancer. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2590-2604. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech G. Lesniak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Srikanth Boinapally
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Babak Behnam Azad
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Catherine A. Foss
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Chentian Shen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ala Lisok
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Bryan Wharram
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sengupta S, Asha Krishnan M, Chattopadhyay S, Chelvam V. Comparison of prostate-specific membrane antigen ligands in clinical translation research for diagnosis of prostate cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 2:e1169. [PMID: 32721116 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), overexpressed on prostate cancer (PCa), is a well-characterized cell surface protein to selectively diagnose PCa. PSMA's unique characteristics and its 1000-fold higher expression in PCa compared with other tissues renders it as a suitable biomarker for detection of PCa in its early stage. In this report, we critically analyze and recommend the requirements needed for the development of variety of PSMA-targeted molecular imaging agents based on antibodies, small molecule ligands, peptides, and aptamers. The targeting moieties are either conjugated to radionuclear isotopes or near-infrared agents for efficient diagnosis of PCa. RECENT FINDINGS From the analysis, it was found that several small molecule-derived PCa imaging agents are approved for clinical trials in Europe and the United States, and few are already in the clinical use for diagnosis of PCa. Even though 111In-labeled capromab pendetide was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other engineered antibodies are available for detection of PCa, but high production cost, low shelf life (less than 1 month at 4°C), possibility of human immuno reactions, and low blood clearance rate necessitated a need for developing new imaging agents, which are serum stable, cost-effective, and possesses longer shelf life (6 months), have fast clearance rate from nontargeted tissues during the diagnosis process. It is found that small molecule ligand-derived imaging agents possesses most of the desired properties expected for an ideal diagnostic agent when compared with other targeting moieties. CONCLUSION This report discusses in detail the homing moieties used in the development of targeted diagnostic tools for detection of PCa. The merits and demerits of monoclonal antibodies, small molecule ligands, peptides, and aptamers for imaging of PCa and intraoperative guided surgery are extensively analyzed. Among all, urea-based ligands were found to be most successful in preclinical and clinical trials and show a major promise for future commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Sengupta
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Mena Asha Krishnan
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Sudeshna Chattopadhyay
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India.,Discipline of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India.,Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Material Science, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Venkatesh Chelvam
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India.,Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
van der Toom EE, Axelrod HD, de la Rosette JJ, de Reijke TM, Pienta KJ, Valkenburg KC. Prostate-specific markers to identify rare prostate cancer cells in liquid biopsies. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:7-22. [PMID: 30479377 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in early detection and advances in treatment, patients with prostate cancer continue to die from their disease. Minimal residual disease after primary definitive treatment can lead to relapse and distant metastases, and increasing evidence suggests that circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and bone marrow-derived disseminated tumour cells (BM-DTCs) can offer clinically relevant biological insights into prostate cancer dissemination and metastasis. Using epithelial markers to accurately detect CTCs and BM-DTCs is associated with difficulties, and prostate-specific markers are needed for the detection of these cells using rare cell assays. Putative prostate-specific markers have been identified, and an optimized strategy for staining rare cancer cells from liquid biopsies using these markers is required. The ideal prostate-specific marker will be expressed on every CTC or BM-DTC throughout disease progression (giving high sensitivity) and will not be expressed on non-prostate-cancer cells in the sample (giving high specificity). Some markers might not be specific enough to the prostate to be used as individual markers of prostate cancer cells, whereas others could be truly prostate-specific and would make ideal markers for use in rare cell assays. The goal of future studies is to use sensitive and specific prostate markers to consistently and reliably identify rare cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haley D Axelrod
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth J Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Harmon SA, Bergvall E, Mena E, Shih JH, Adler S, McKinney Y, Mehralivand S, Citrin DE, Couvillon A, Madan RA, Gulley JL, Mease RC, Jacobs PM, Pomper MG, Turkbey B, Choyke PL, Lindenberg ML. A Prospective Comparison of 18F-Sodium Fluoride PET/CT and PSMA-Targeted 18F-DCFBC PET/CT in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1665-1671. [PMID: 29602821 PMCID: PMC6225539 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.207373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of 18F-DCFBC PET/CT, a first-generation 18F-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted agent, and 18F-NaF PET/CT, a sensitive marker of osteoblastic activity, in a prospective cohort of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods: Twenty-eight prostate cancer patients with metastatic disease on conventional imaging prospectively received up to 4 PET/CT scans. All patients completed baseline 18F-DCFBC PET/CT and 18F-NaF PET/CT scans, and 23 patients completed follow-up imaging, with a median follow-up interval of 5.7 mo (range, 4.2-12.6 mo). Lesion detection was compared across the 2 PET/CT agents at each time point. Detection and SUV characteristics of each PET/CT agent were compared with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and treatment status at the time of baseline imaging using nonparametric statistical testing (Spearman correlation, Wilcoxon rank). Results: Twenty-six patients had metastatic disease detected on 18F-NaF or 18F-DCFBC at baseline, and 2 patients were negative on both scans. Three patients demonstrated soft tissue-only disease. Of 241 lesions detected at baseline, 56 were soft-tissue lesions identified by 18F-DCFBC only and 185 bone lesions detected on 18F-NaF or 18F-DCFBC. 18F-NaF detected significantly more bone lesions than 18F-DCFBC (P < 0.001). Correlation of PSA with patient-level SUV metrics was strong in 18F-DCFBC (ρ > 0.5, P < 0.01) and poor in 18F-NaF (ρ < 0.3, P > 0.1). When PSA levels were combined with treatment status, patients with below-median levels of PSA (<2 ng/mL) on androgen deprivation therapy (n = 11) demonstrated more lesions on 18F-NaF than 18F-DCFBC (P = 0.02). In PSA greater than 2 ng/mL, patients on androgen deprivation therapy (n = 8) showed equal to or more lesions on 18F-DCFBC than on 18F-NaF. Conclusion: The utility of PSMA-targeting imaging in metastatic prostate cancer appears to depend on patient disease course and treatment status. Compared with 18F-NaF PET/CT, 18F-DCFBC PET/CT detected significantly fewer bone lesions in the setting of early or metastatic castrate-sensitive disease on treatment. However, in advanced metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer, 18F-DCFBC PET/CT shows good concordance with NaF PET/CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Harmon
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Campus at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ethan Bergvall
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Esther Mena
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joanna H Shih
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis: Biometric Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen Adler
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Campus at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Yolanda McKinney
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sherif Mehralivand
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anna Couvillon
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ronnie C Mease
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Paula M Jacobs
- Cancer Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M Liza Lindenberg
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Treatment of high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa) is challenging. Local staging and metastatic evaluation are important for the patient management. Recently, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based imaging modalities such as PSMA PET/CT and PET/MRI have received significant attention for detection of recurrent prostate cancer sites with elevated prostate-specific antigen levels, after therapy. Current evidence suggests that these imaging modalities may also have a role for the management of patients with HRPCa. In this review, we discuss PSMA-based imaging modalities in the management of patients with HRPCa.
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu CW, Lin YC, Hung CM, Liu BL, Kuo SC, Ho CT, Way TD, Hung CH. CHM-1, a novel microtubule-destabilizing agent exhibits antitumor activity via inducing the expression of SIRT2 in human breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 289:98-108. [PMID: 29679549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major public health problem throughout the world. In this report, we investigated whether CHM-1, a novel synthetic antimitotic agent could be developed into a potent antitumor agent for treating human breast cancer. CHM-1 induced growth inhibition in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-453 and MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, CHM-1 is less toxic to normal breast (HBL-100) cells. CHM-1 interacted with tubulin, markedly inhibited tubulin polymerization, and disrupted microtubule organization. Proteins from control and CHM-1-treated animal tumor specimens were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Our results indicated that CHM-1 increased the expression of SIRT2 protein, an NAD-dependent tubulin deacetylase. A prodrug strategy was also investigated to address the problem of low aqueous solubility and low bioavailability of the antitumor agent CHM-1. The water-soluble prodrug of CHM-1 (CHM-1-P) was synthesized. After oral and intravenous administration, CHM-1-P induced a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth. The aforementioned excellent anti-tumor activity profiles of CHM-1 and its prodrug CHM-1-P, suggests that CHM-1-P deserves to further develop as a clinical trial candidate for treating human breast carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wei Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chao Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ming Hung
- Department of General Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Lan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tzong-Der Way
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsin Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shah SQ, Gul-e-Raana, Uddin G. Imaging prostate cancer (PCa) with [99m
Tc(CO)3
]finasteride dithiocarbamate. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Qaiser Shah
- Biochemistry Section, Institute of Chemical Sciences (ICS); University of Peshawar; Peshawar KPK Pakistan
| | - Gul-e-Raana
- Biochemistry Section, Institute of Chemical Sciences (ICS); University of Peshawar; Peshawar KPK Pakistan
| | - Ghias Uddin
- Organic Section, Institute of Chemical Sciences (ICS); University of Peshawar; Peshawar KPK Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Radwan N, Phillips R, Ross A, Rowe SP, Gorin MA, Antonarakis ES, Deville C, Greco S, Denmeade S, Paller C, Song DY, Diehn M, Wang H, Carducci M, Pienta KJ, Pomper MG, DeWeese TL, Dicker A, Eisenberger M, Tran PT. A phase II randomized trial of Observation versus stereotactic ablative RadiatIon for OLigometastatic prostate CancEr (ORIOLE). BMC Cancer 2017; 17:453. [PMID: 28662647 PMCID: PMC5492934 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We describe a randomized, non-blinded Phase II interventional study to assess the safety and efficacy of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for hormone-sensitive oligometastatic prostate adenocarcinoma, and to describe the biology of the oligometastatic state using immunologic, cellular, molecular, and functional imaging correlates. 54 men with oligometastatic prostate adenocarcinoma will be accrued. The primary clinical endpoint will be progression at 6 months from randomization with the hypothesis that SABR to all metastases will forestall progression by disrupting the metastatic process. Secondary clinical endpoints will include local control at 6 months post-SABR, toxicity and quality of life, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)-free survival (ADT-FS). Further fundamental analysis of the oligometastatic state with be achieved through correlation with investigational 18F–DCFPyL PET/CT imaging and measurement of circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, and circulating T-cell receptor repertoires, facilitating an unprecedented opportunity to characterize, in isolation, the effects of SABR on the dynamics of and immunologic response to oligometastatic disease. Methods/design Patients will be randomized 2:1 to SABR or observation with minimization to balance assignment by primary intervention, prior hormonal therapy, and PSA doubling time. Progression after 6 months will be compared using Fisher’s exact test. Hazard ratios and Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression free survival (PFS), ADT free survival (ADT-FS), time to locoregional progression (TTLP) and time to distant progression (TTDP) will be calculated based on an intention-to-treat. Local control will be assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria. Withdrawal from the study prior to 6 months will be counted as progression. Adverse events will be summarized by type and grade. Quality of life pre- and post- SABR will be measured by Brief Pain Inventory. Discussion The ORIOLE trial is the first randomized, non-blinded Phase II interventional study in the North America evaluating the safety and efficacy of SABR in oligometastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Leading-edge laboratory and imaging correlates will provide unique insight into the effects of SABR on the oligometastatic state. Trial registrations ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02680587. URL of Registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02680587 Date of Registration: 02/08/2016. Date of First Participant Enrollment: 05/23/2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura Radwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB2 Rm 406, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ryan Phillips
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB2 Rm 406, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ashley Ross
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven P Rowe
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Gorin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Curtiland Deville
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB2 Rm 406, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Greco
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB2 Rm 406, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Samuel Denmeade
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Channing Paller
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Y Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB2 Rm 406, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Carducci
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB2 Rm 406, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theodore L DeWeese
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB2 Rm 406, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mario Eisenberger
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB2 Rm 406, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA. .,Department of Medical Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Flores O, Santra S, Kaittanis C, Bassiouni R, Khaled AS, Khaled AR, Grimm J, Perez JM. PSMA-Targeted Theranostic Nanocarrier for Prostate Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2477-2494. [PMID: 28744329 PMCID: PMC5525751 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the use of a theranostic nanocarrier (Folate-HBPE(CT20p)) to deliver a therapeutic peptide to prostate cancer tumors that express PSMA (folate hydrolase 1). The therapeutic peptide (CT20p) targets and inhibits the chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT) protein-folding complex, is selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells, and is non-toxic to normal tissue. With the delivery of CT20p to prostate cancer cells via PSMA, a dual level of cancer specificity is achieved: (1) selective targeting to PSMA-expressing prostate tumors, and (2) specific cytotoxicity to cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal cells. The PSMA-targeting theranostic nanocarrier can image PSMA-expressing cells and tumors when a near infrared dye is used as cargo. Meanwhile, it can be used to treat PSMA-expressing tumors when a therapeutic, such as the CT20p peptide, is encapsulated within the nanocarrier. Even when these PSMA-targeting nanocarriers are taken up by macrophages, minimal cell death is observed in these cells, in contrast with doxorubicin-based therapeutics that result in significant macrophage death. Incubation of PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells with the Folate-HBPE(CT20p) nanocarriers induces considerable changes in cell morphology, reduction in the levels of integrin β1, and lower cell adhesion, eventually resulting in cell death. These results are relevant as integrin β1 plays a key role in prostate cancer invasion and metastatic potential. In addition, the use of the developed PSMA-targeting nanocarrier facilitates the selective in vivo delivery of CT20p to PSMA-positive tumor, inducing significant reduction in tumor size.
Collapse
|
24
|
Choy CJ, Ling X, Geruntho JJ, Beyer SK, Latoche JD, Langton-Webster B, Anderson CJ, Berkman CE. 177Lu-Labeled Phosphoramidate-Based PSMA Inhibitors: The Effect of an Albumin Binder on Biodistribution and Therapeutic Efficacy in Prostate Tumor-Bearing Mice. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1928-1939. [PMID: 28638478 PMCID: PMC5479279 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) continues to be an active biomarker for small-molecule PSMA-targeted imaging and therapeutic agents for prostate cancer and various non-prostatic tumors that are characterized by PSMA expression on their neovasculature. One of the challenges for small-molecule PSMA inhibitors with respect to delivering therapeutic payloads is their rapid renal clearance. In order to overcome this pharmacokinetic challenge, we outfitted a 177Lu-labeled phosphoramidate-based PSMA inhibitor (CTT1298) with an albumin-binding motif (CTT1403) and compared its in vivo performance with that of an analogous compound lacking the albumin-binding motif (CTT1401). The radiolabeling of CTT1401 and CTT1403 was achieved using click chemistry to connect 177Lu-DOTA-N3 to the dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-bearing CTT1298 inhibitor cores. A direct comparison in vitro and in vivo performance was made for CTT1401 and CTT1403; the specificity and efficacy by means of cellular uptake and internalization, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy were determined for both compounds. While both compounds displayed excellent uptake and rapid internalization in PSMA+ PC3-PIP cells, the albumin binding moiety in CTT1403 conferred clear advantages to the PSMA-inhibitor scaffold including increased circulating half-life and prostate tumor uptake that continued to increase up to 168 h post-injection. This increased tumor uptake translated into superior therapeutic efficacy of CTT1403 in PSMA+ PC3-PIP human xenograft tumors.
Collapse
|
25
|
Singh A, Kulkarni HR, Baum RP. Imaging of Prostate Cancer Using 64 Cu-Labeled Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligand. PET Clin 2017; 12:193-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
26
|
Gourni E, Henriksen G. Metal-Based PSMA Radioligands. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040523. [PMID: 28338640 PMCID: PMC6154343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies for which great progress has been made in identifying appropriate molecular targets that would enable efficient in vivo targeting for imaging and therapy. The type II integral membrane protein, prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed on prostate cancer cells in proportion to the stage and grade of the tumor progression, especially in androgen-independent, advanced and metastatic disease, rendering it a promising diagnostic and/or therapeutic target. From the perspective of nuclear medicine, PSMA-based radioligands may significantly impact the management of patients who suffer from prostate cancer. For that purpose, chelating-based PSMA-specific ligands have been labeled with various diagnostic and/or therapeutic radiometals for single-photon-emission tomography (SPECT), positron-emission-tomography (PET), radionuclide targeted therapy as well as intraoperative applications. This review focuses on the development and further applications of metal-based PSMA radioligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Gourni
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway.
- Norwegian Medical Cyclotron Centre Ltd., P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.
| | - Gjermund Henriksen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway.
- Norwegian Medical Cyclotron Centre Ltd., P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.
- Institute of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo 0317, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Meng P, Dong QC, Tan GG, Wen WH, Wang H, Zhang G, Wang YZ, Jing YM, Wang C, Qin WJ, Yuan JL. Anti-tumor effects of a recombinant anti-prostate specific membrane antigen immunotoxin against prostate cancer cells. BMC Urol 2017; 17:14. [PMID: 28193277 PMCID: PMC5307788 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-017-0203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate anti-prostate cancer effects of a chimeric tumor-targeted killer protein. Methods We established a novel fusion gene, immunocasp-3, composed of NH2-terminal leader sequence fused with an anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) antibody (J591), the furin cleavage sequences of diphtheria toxin (Fdt), and the reverse coding sequences of the large and small subunits of caspase-3 (revcaspase-3). The expressing level of the immunocasp-3 gene was evaluated by using the reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. Cell viability assay and cytotoxicity assay were used to evaluate its anti-tumor effects in vitro. Apoptosis was confirmed by electron microscopy and Annexin V-FITC staining. The antitumor effects of immunocasp-3 were assessed in nude mice xenograft models containing PSMA-overexpressing LNCaP cells. Results This study shows that the immunocasp-3 proteins selectively recognized and induced apoptotic death in PSMA-overexpressing LNCaP cells in vitro, where apoptotic cells were present in 15.3% of the cells transfected with the immunocasp-3 expression vector at 48 h after the transfection, in contrast to 5.5% in the control cells. Moreover, LNCaP cells were significantly killed under the condition of the co-culture of the immunocasp-3-secreting Jurkat cells and more than 50% of the LNCaP cells died when the two cell lines were co-cultured within 5 days. In addition, The expression of immunocasp-3 also significantly suppressed tumor growth and greatly prolonged the animal survival rate in vivo. Conclusion A novel fusion gene, immunocasp-3, may represent a viable approach to treating PSMA-positive prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Meng
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing-Chuan Dong
- Department of Urology Surgery, Peoples' Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guang-Guo Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Hong Wen
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Ming Jing
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jian-Lin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu X, Zhang J, Hu S, He S, Bao X, Ma G, Luo J, Cheng J, Zhang Y. 99mTc-labeling and evaluation of a HYNIC modified small-molecular inhibitor of prostate-specific membrane antigen. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 48:69-75. [PMID: 28273495 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well-established target in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we evaluated a novel 99mTc-labeled small molecular inhibitor of PSMA. METHODS This new small-molecular inhibitor of PSMA, 6-hydrazinonicotinate-Aminocaproic acid-Lysine-Urea-Glutamate (HYNIC-ALUG) was radiolabeled by 99mTc and was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using PCa models (PC-3 and LNCaP). Radiation dosimetry was assessed in mice. RESULTS 99mTc-HYNIC-ALUG showed excellent stability in different media. A cell assay preliminarily displayed its specificity for PSMA. The inhibitor showed good pharmacokinetics making it suitable for in vivo imaging. PC-3-derived tumors showed no obvious radioactive uptake; however, the LNCaP-derived tumors showed very high radioactive uptake which was significantly decreased by the selective PSMA inhibitor 2-PMPA. Biodistribution in LNCaP xenografts showed an optimum tumor-to-blood ratio of 24.23±3.54 at 2h. Tumor uptake was also decreased in the inhibition experiment with 2-PMPA (19.45±2.14%ID/g versus 1.42±0.15%ID/g at 2h). The effective dose of the 99mTc-HYNIC-ALUG was 8.4E-04mSv/MBq. CONCLUSIONS A new 99mTc-labeled PSMA inhibitor with specific accumulation in PSMA-positive tumors and low background in other organs was synthesized. The radiopharmaceutical also showed very low radiation dosimetry. This agent may significantly improve the diagnosis, staging, and subsequent monitoring of therapeutic effects in PCa patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Silong Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Simin He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao Bao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianmin Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rowe SP, Gorin MA, Salas Fragomeni RA, Drzezga A, Pomper MG. Clinical Experience with 18F-Labeled Small Molecule Inhibitors of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen. PET Clin 2017; 12:235-241. [PMID: 28267456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common noncutaneous malignancy diagnosed in men. Despite the large number of men who will suffer from PCa at some point during their lives, conventional imaging modalities for this important disease (contrast-enhanced computed tomography, bone scan, and MR imaging) have provided only marginal to moderate success in appropriately guiding patient management in certain clinical contexts. In this review, the authors discuss radiofluorinated small molecule radiotracers that have been developed to bind to the transmembrane glycoprotein prostate-specific membrane antigen, a target that is nearly universally overexpressed on PCa epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Rowe
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Michael A Gorin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roberto A Salas Fragomeni
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Witkowska-Patena E, Mazurek A, Dziuk M. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging in recurrent prostate cancer: Where are we now? Cent European J Urol 2017; 70:37-43. [PMID: 28461986 PMCID: PMC5407340 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2017.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health concern worldwide with up to 60% of patients experiencing biochemical relapse after radical treatment. Early diagnosis of PCa recurrence is of high importance for successful salvage therapy. The need for accurate imaging has prompted the introduction of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET). Material and methods In this review we summarized and discussed the results of the studies analyzing the utility of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients who experienced a biochemical relapse of prostate cancer. Results PSMA-based PET scans have been proved to provide a superior diagnostic performance over other modalities for localization of the site of early PCa recurrence. 68Ga-PSMA has been also shown to have a higher sensitivity and specificity than other established PET radiotracers such as radiocholines. Conclusions The early studies show promising results and support the use of 68Ga-PSMA for PCa restaging. However, the number of studies concerning the utility of 68Ga-PSMA PET in the context of secondary PCa staging is limited and there is still a considerable scope for further research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej Mazurek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.,Affidea Mazovian PET/CT Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Dziuk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.,Affidea Mazovian PET/CT Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sathianathen NJ, Lamb A, Nair R, Geurts N, Mitchell C, Lawrentschuk NL, Moon DA, Murphy DG. Updates of prostate cancer staging: Prostate-specific membrane antigen. Investig Clin Urol 2016; 57:S147-S154. [PMID: 27995218 PMCID: PMC5161015 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2016.57.s2.s147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to accurately stage prostate cancer in both the primary and secondary staging setting can have a major impact on management. Until recently radiological staging has relied on computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear bone scans to evaluate the extent of disease. However, the utility of these imaging technologies has been limited by their sensitivity and specificity especially in detecting early recurrence. Functional imaging using positron-emission tomography with a radiolabeled ligand targeted to prostate-specific membrane antigen has transformed the prostate cancer imaging landscape. Initial results suggest that it is a substantial improvement over conventional imaging in the setting of recurrence following primary therapy by having a superior ability to detect disease and to do so at an earlier stage. Additionally, it appears that the benefits seen in the secondary staging setting may also exist in the primary staging setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alastair Lamb
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rajesh Nair
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicolas Geurts
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Daniel A Moon
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oh WJ, Chung AM, Kim JS, Han JH, Hong SH, Lee JY, Choi YJ. Differential Immunohistochemical Profiles for Distinguishing Prostate Carcinoma and Urothelial Carcinoma. J Pathol Transl Med 2016; 50:345-54. [PMID: 27498545 PMCID: PMC5042899 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.06.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathologic distinction between high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) involving the urinary bladder and high-grade urothelial carcinoma (UC) infiltrating the prostate can be difficult. However, making this distinction is clinically important because of the different treatment modalities for these two entities. Methods A total of 249 patient cases (PAC, 111 cases; UC, 138 cases) collected between June 1995 and July 2009 at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital were studied. An immunohistochemical evaluation of prostatic markers (prostate-specific antigen [PSA], prostate-specific membrane antigen [PSMA], prostate acid phosphatase [PAP], P501s, NKX3.1, and α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase [AMACR]) and urothelial markers (CK34βE12, p63, thrombomodulin, S100P, and GATA binding protein 3 [GATA3]) was performed using tissue microarrays from each tumor. Results The sensitivities of prostatic markers in PAC were 100% for PSA, 83.8% for PSMA, 91.9% for PAP, 93.7% for P501s, 88.3% for NKX 3.1, and 66.7% for AMACR. However, the urothelial markers CK34βE12, p63, thrombomodulin, S100P, and GATA3 were also positive in 1.8%, 0%, 0%, 3.6%, and 0% of PAC, respectively. The sensitivities of urothelial markers in UC were 75.4% for CK34βE12, 73.9% for p63, 45.7% for thrombomodulin, 22.5% for S100P, and 84.8% for GATA3. Conversely, the prostatic markers PSA, PSMA, PAP, P501s, NKX3.1, and AMACR were also positive in 9.4%, 0.7%, 18.8%, 0.7%, 0%, and 8.7% of UCs, respectively. Conclusions Prostatic and urothelial markers, including PSA, NKX3.1, p63, thrombomodulin, and GATA3 are very useful for differentiating PAC from UC. The optimal combination of prostatic and urothelial markers could improve the ability to differentiate PAC from UC pathologically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Oh
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Arthur Minwoo Chung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Soon Kim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Heun Han
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeol Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Jin Choi
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rowe SP, Gorin MA, Allaf ME, Pienta KJ, Tran PT, Pomper MG, Ross AE, Cho SY. PET imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer: current state of the art and future challenges. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2016; 19:223-30. [PMID: 27136743 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a cell surface enzyme that is highly expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and is currently being extensively explored as a promising target for molecular imaging in a variety of clinical contexts. Novel antibody and small-molecule PSMA radiotracers labeled with a variety of radionuclides for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging applications have been developed and explored in recent studies. METHODS A great deal of progress has been made in defining the clinical utility of this class of PET agents through predominantly small and retrospective clinical studies. The most compelling data to date has been in the setting of biochemically recurrent PCa, where PSMA-targeted radiotracers have been found to be superior to conventional imaging and other molecular imaging agents for the detection of locally recurrent and metastatic PCa. RESULTS Early data, however, suggest that initial lymph node staging before definitive therapy in high-risk primary PCa patients may be limited, although intraoperative guidance may still hold promise. Other examples of potential promising applications for PSMA PET imaging include non-invasive characterization of primary PCa, staging and treatment planning for PSMA-targeted radiotherapeutics, and guidance of focal therapy for oligometastatic disease. CONCLUSIONS However, all of these indications and applications for PCa PSMA PET imaging are still lacking and require large, prospective, systematic clinical trials for validation. Such validation trials are needed and hopefully will be forthcoming as the fields of molecular imaging, urology, radiation oncology and medical oncology continue to define and refine the utility of PSMA-targeted PET imaging to improve the management of PCa patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S P Rowe
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M A Gorin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M E Allaf
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K J Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P T Tran
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A E Ross
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Y Cho
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dhingra VK, Mahajan A, Basu S. Emerging clinical applications of PET based molecular imaging in oncology: the promising future potential for evolving personalized cancer care. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2016; 25:332-41. [PMID: 26752813 PMCID: PMC4693380 DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.169467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the potential of advanced applications of functional molecular imaging in assessing tumor biology and cellular characteristics with emphasis on positron emission tomography (PET) applications with both 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and non-FDG tracers. The inherent heterogeneity of cancer cells with their varied cellular biology and metabolic and receptor phenotypic expression in each individual patient and also intra-and inter-lesionally in the same individual mandates for transitioning from a generalized “same-size-fits-all” approach to personalized medicine in oncology. The past two decades have witnessed improvement of oncological imaging through CT, MR imaging, PET, subsequent movement through hybrid or fusion imaging with PET/CT and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT-CT), and now toward the evolving PET/MR imaging. These recent developments have proven invaluable in enhancing oncology care and have the potential to help image the tumor biology at the cellular level, followed by providing a tailored treatment. Molecular imaging, integrated diagnostics or Radiomics, biology-driven interventional radiology and theranostics, all hold immense potential to serve as a guide to give “start and stop” treatment for a patient on an individual basis. This will likely have substantial impact on both treatment costs and outcomes. In this review, we bring forth the current trends in molecular imaging with established techniques (PET/CT), with particular emphasis on newer molecules (such as amino acid metabolism and hypoxia imaging, somatostatin receptor based imaging, and hormone receptor imaging) and further potential for FDG. An introductory discussion on the novel hybrid imaging techniques such as PET/MR is also made to understand the futuristic trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana K Dhingra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute Hospital Trust, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhishek Mahajan
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandip Basu
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rowe SP, Macura KJ, Ciarallo A, Mena E, Blackford A, Nadal R, Antonarakis ES, Eisenberger MA, Carducci MA, Ross AE, Kantoff PW, Holt DP, Dannals RF, Mease RC, Pomper MG, Cho SY. Comparison of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Based 18F-DCFBC PET/CT to Conventional Imaging Modalities for Detection of Hormone-Naïve and Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:46-53. [PMID: 26493203 PMCID: PMC4730886 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.163782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Conventional imaging modalities (CIMs) have limited sensitivity and specificity for detection of metastatic prostate cancer. We examined the potential of a first-in-class radiofluorinated small-molecule inhibitor of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), N-[N-[(S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]carbamoyl]-4-(18)F-fluorobenzyl-l-cysteine ((18)F-DCFBC), to detect metastatic hormone-naïve (HNPC) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS Seventeen patients were prospectively enrolled (9 HNPC and 8 CRPC); 16 had CIM evidence of new or progressive metastatic prostate cancer and 1 had high clinical suspicion of metastatic disease. (18)F-DCFBC PET/CT imaging was obtained with 2 successive PET scans starting at 2 h after injection. Patients were imaged with CIM at approximately the time of PET. A lesion-by-lesion analysis of PET to CIM was performed in the context of either HNPC or CRPC. The patients were followed with available clinical imaging as a reference standard to determine the true nature of identified lesions on PET and CIM. RESULTS On the lesion-by-lesion analysis, (18)F-DCFBC PET was able to detect a larger number of lesions (592 positive with 63 equivocal) than CIM (520 positive with 61 equivocal) overall, in both HNPC and CRPC patients. (18)F-DCFBC PET detection of lymph nodes, bone lesions, and visceral lesions was superior to CIM. When intrapatient clustering effects were considered, (18)F-DCFBC PET was estimated to be positive in a large proportion of lesions that would be negative or equivocal on CIM (0.45). On follow-up, the sensitivity of (18)F-DCFBC PET (0.92) was superior to CIM (0.71). (18)F-DCFBC tumor uptake was increased at the later PET time point (~2.5 h after injection), with background uptake showing a decreasing trend on later PET. CONCLUSION PET imaging with (18)F-DCFBC, a small-molecule PSMA-targeted radiotracer, detected more lesions than CIM and promises to diagnose and stage patients with metastatic prostate cancer more accurately than current imaging methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Rowe
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katarzyna J Macura
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Anthony Ciarallo
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Esther Mena
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amanda Blackford
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rosa Nadal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Mario A Eisenberger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael A Carducci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashley E Ross
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Holt
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert F Dannals
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ronnie C Mease
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steve Y Cho
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
(R)-NODAGA-PSMA: A Versatile Precursor for Radiometal Labeling and Nuclear Imaging of PSMA-Positive Tumors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145755. [PMID: 26700033 PMCID: PMC4689406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aims at developing and evaluating an urea-based prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitor suitable for labeling with 111In for SPECT and intraoperative applications as well as 68Ga and 64Cu for PET imaging. METHODS The PSMA-based inhibitor-lysine-urea-glutamate-coupled to the spacer Phe-Phe-D-Lys(suberoyl) and functionalized with the enantiomerically pure prochelator (R)-1-(1-carboxy-3-carbotertbutoxypropyl)-4,7-carbotartbutoxymethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane ((R)-NODAGA(tBu)3), to obtain (R)-NODAGA-Phe-Phe-D-Lys(suberoyl)-Lys-urea-Glu (CC34). CC34 was labeled with 111In, 68Ga and 64Cu. The radioconjugates were further evaluated in vitro and in vivo in LNCaP xenografts by biodistribution and PET studies. Biodistribution studies were also performed with 68Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA (HBED-CC: N,N'-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid) and 111In-PSMA-617 for comparison. RESULTS 68Ga-CC34, 64Cu-CC34, and 111In-CC34 were prepared in radiochemical purity > 95%. 68/natGa-CC34, 64/natCu-CC34, 111/natIn-CC34, 68/natGa-HBED-CC-PSMA, and 111/natIn-PSMA-617 exhibited high affinity for the LNCaP cells, with Kd values of 19.3 ± 2.5 nM, 27.5 ± 2.7 nM, 5.5 ± 0.9 nM, 2.9 ± 0.6 nM and 5.4 ± 0.8 nM, respectively. They revealed comparable internalization profiles with approximately 75% of the total cell associated activity internalized after 3 h of incubation. 68Ga-CC34 showed very high stability after its administration in mice. Tumor uptake of 68Ga-CC34 (14.5 ± 2.9% IA/g) in LNCaP xenografts at 1 h p.i. was comparable to 68Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA (15.8 ± 1.4% IA/g) (P = 0.67). The tumor-to-normal tissue ratios at 1 and 2 h p.i of 68Ga-CC34 were also comparable to 68Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA (P > 0.05). Tumor uptake of 111In-CC34 (28.5 ± 2.6% IA/g) at 1 h p.i. was lower than 111In-PSMA-617 (52.1 ± 6.5% IA/g) (P = 0.02). The acquisition of PET-images with 64Cu-CC34 at later time points showed wash-out from the kidneys, while tumor uptake still remained relatively high. This resulted in an increased tumor-to-kidney ratio over time. CONCLUSIONS 68Ga-CC34 is comparable to 68Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA in terms of tumor uptake and tumor to normal tissue ratios. 64Cu-CC34 could enable high contrast imaging of PSMA positive tissues characterized by elevated expression of PSMA or when delayed imaging is required. 64Cu-CC34 is currently being prepared for clinical translation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang X, Mease RC, Pullambhatla M, Lisok A, Chen Y, Foss CA, Wang Y, Shallal H, Edelman H, Hoye AT, Attardo G, Nimmagadda S, Pomper MG. [(18)F]Fluorobenzoyllysinepentanedioic Acid Carbamates: New Scaffolds for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA). J Med Chem 2015; 59:206-18. [PMID: 26629713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled urea-based low-molecular weight inhibitors of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are under intense investigation as imaging and therapeutic agents for prostate and other cancers. In an effort to provide agents with less nontarget organ uptake than the ureas, we synthesized four (18)F-labeled inhibitors of PSMA based on carbamate scaffolds. 4-Bromo-2-[(18)F]fluorobenzoyllysineoxypentanedioic acid (OPA) carbamate [(18)F]23 and 4-iodo-2-[(18)F]fluorobenzoyllysine OPA carbamate [(18)F]24 in particular exhibited high target-selective uptake in PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumor xenografts, with tumor-to-kidney ratios of >1 by 4 h postinjection, an important benchmark. Because of its high tumor uptake (90% injected dose per gram of tissue at 2 h postinjection) and high tumor-to-organ ratios, [(18)F]23 is promising for clinical translation. Prolonged tumor-specific uptake demonstrated by [(18)F]24, which did not reach equilibrium during the 4 h study period, suggests carbamates as alternative scaffolds for mitigating dose to nontarget tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Ronnie C Mease
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Mrudula Pullambhatla
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Ala Lisok
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Ying Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Catherine A Foss
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Hassan Shallal
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Hannah Edelman
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Adam T Hoye
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc. , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Giorgio Attardo
- Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Inc. , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rowe SP, Deville C, Paller C, Cho SY, Fishman EK, Pomper MG, Ross AE, Gorin MA. Uptake of 18F-DCFPyL in Paget's Disease of Bone, an Important Potential Pitfall in Clinical Interpretation of PSMA PET Studies. Tomography 2015; 1:81-84. [PMID: 26807444 PMCID: PMC4721507 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2015.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET imaging is an emerging technique for evaluating patients with prostate cancer (PCa) in a variety of clinical contexts. As with any new imaging modality, there are interpretive pitfalls that are beginning to be recognized. In this image report, we describe the findings in a 63-year-old male with biochemically recurrent PCa after radical prostatectomy who was imaged with 18F-DCFPyL, a small molecule inhibitor of PSMA. Diffuse radiotracer uptake was noted throughout the sacrum, corresponding to imaging findings on contrast-enhanced CT, bone scan, and pelvic MRI consistent with Paget's disease of bone. The uptake of 18F-DCFPyL in Paget's disease is most likely due to hyperemia and increased radiotracer delivery. In light of the overlap in patients affected by PCa and Paget's, it is important for nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists interpreting PSMA PET/CT scans to be aware of the potential for this diagnostic pitfall. Correlation to findings on conventional imaging such as diagnostic CT and bone scan can help confirm the diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Rowe
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | | | | | - Steve Y. Cho
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | | | - Martin G. Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Michael A. Gorin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Barresi V, Ieni A, Cardia R, Licata L, Vitarelli E, Reggiani Bonetti L, Tuccari G. HOXB13 as an immunohistochemical marker of prostatic origin in metastatic tumors. APMIS 2015; 124:188-93. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barresi
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Roberta Cardia
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Luana Licata
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Enrica Vitarelli
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| | - Luca Reggiani Bonetti
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Laboratory and Pathologic Anatomy; Polyclinic of Modena; Modena Italy
| | - Giovanni Tuccari
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”; University of Messina; Messina Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Paparo F, Massollo M, Rollandi L, Piccardo A, Ruggieri FG, Rollandi GA. The clinical role of multimodality imaging in the detection of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy: past, present, and future. Ecancermedicalscience 2015; 9:570. [PMID: 26435743 PMCID: PMC4583244 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of the recurrence sites in prostate cancer (PCa) patients affected by biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT) is still a challenge for clinicians, nuclear medicine physicians, and radiologists. In the era of personalised and precision care, this task requires the integration, amalgamation, and combined analysis of clinical and imaging data from multiple sources. At present, multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) and choline–positron emission tomography (PET) are giving encouraging results; their combination allows the effective detection of local, lymph nodal, and skeletal recurrences at low PSA levels. Future diagnostic perspectives include the clinical implementation of PET/MRI scanners, multimodal fusion imaging platforms for retrospective co-registration of PET and MR images, real-time transrectal ultrasound/mpMRI fusion imaging, and novel organ-specific PET radiotracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paparo
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E O Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Massollo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E O Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ludovica Rollandi
- Klinikum Augsburg Radiologie, Stelingstrasse 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Arnoldo Piccardo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E O Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy
| | - Filippo Grillo Ruggieri
- Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E O Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Andrea Rollandi
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, E O Galliera Hospital, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128 Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rowe SP, Gage KL, Faraj SF, Macura KJ, Cornish TC, Gonzalez-Roibon N, Guner G, Munari E, Partin AW, Pavlovich CP, Han M, Carter HB, Bivalacqua TJ, Blackford A, Holt D, Dannals RF, Netto GJ, Lodge MA, Mease RC, Pomper MG, Cho SY. ¹⁸F-DCFBC PET/CT for PSMA-Based Detection and Characterization of Primary Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1003-1010. [PMID: 26069305 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.154336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We previously demonstrated the ability to detect metastatic prostate cancer using N-[N-[(S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]carbamoyl]-4-(18)F-fluorobenzyl-L-cysteine ((18)F-DCFBC), a low-molecular-weight radiotracer that targets the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PSMA has been shown to be associated with higher Gleason grade and more aggressive disease. An imaging biomarker able to detect clinically significant high-grade primary prostate cancer reliably would address an unmet clinical need by allowing for risk-adapted patient management. METHODS We enrolled 13 patients with primary prostate cancer who were imaged with (18)F-DCFBC PET before scheduled prostatectomy, with 12 of these patients also undergoing pelvic prostate MR imaging. Prostate (18)F-DCFBC PET was correlated with MR imaging and histologic and immunohistochemical analysis on a prostate-segment (12 regions) and dominant-lesion basis. There were no incidental extraprostatic findings on PET suggestive of metastatic disease. RESULTS MR imaging was more sensitive than (18)F-DCFBC PET for detection of primary prostate cancer on a per-segment (sensitivities of up to 0.17 and 0.39 for PET and MR imaging, respectively) and per-dominant-lesion analysis (sensitivities of 0.46 and 0.92 for PET and MR imaging, respectively). However, (18)F-DCFBC PET was more specific than MR imaging by per-segment analysis (specificities of 0.96 and 0.89 for PET and MR imaging for corresponding sensitivity, respectively) and specific for detection of high-grade lesions (Gleason 8 and 9) greater than 1.0 mL in size (4/4 of these patients positive by PET). (18)F-DCFBC uptake in tumors was positively correlated with Gleason score (ρ = 0.64; PSMA expression, ρ = 0.47; and prostate-specific antigen, ρ = 0.52). There was significantly lower (18)F-DCFBC uptake in benign prostatic hypertrophy than primary tumors (median maximum standardized uptake value, 2.2 vs. 3.5; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Although the sensitivity of (18)F-DCFBC for primary prostate cancer was less than MR imaging, (18)F-DCFBC PET was able to detect the more clinically significant high-grade and larger-volume tumors (Gleason score 8 and 9) with higher specificity than MR imaging. In particular, there was relatively low (18)F-DCFBC PET uptake in benign prostatic hypertrophy lesions, compared with cancer in the prostate, which may allow for more specific detection of primary prostate cancer by (18)F-DCFBC PET. This study demonstrates the utility of PSMA-based PET, which may be used in conjunction with MR imaging to identify clinically significant prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Rowe
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenneth L Gage
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sheila F Faraj
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katarzyna J Macura
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Toby C Cornish
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Gunes Guner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan W Partin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christian P Pavlovich
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Misop Han
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - H Ballentine Carter
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amanda Blackford
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Holt
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert F Dannals
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin A Lodge
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ronnie C Mease
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steve Y Cho
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Queisser A, Hagedorn SA, Braun M, Vogel W, Duensing S, Perner S. Comparison of different prostatic markers in lymph node and distant metastases of prostate cancer. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:138-45. [PMID: 24925052 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is mostly diagnosed at an early stage; however, some tumors are diagnosed in a metastatic stage as cancer of unknown primary origin. In order to allow specific treatment in the case of prostate cancer presenting as cancer of unknown primary origin, it is important to determine the tumor origin. Prostate-specific antigen is used as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer but the expression declines with progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Aim of this study was to identify the most informative marker constellation, which is able to detect metastatic prostate cancer at high sensitivity. The widely used prostate cancer markers such as prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific acid phosphatase, androgen receptor, prostate-specific membrane antigen, prostein, and ETS-related gene were investigated for their sensitivity to detect prostatic origin of metastases. Expression of prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific acid phosphatase, androgen receptor, prostate-specific membrane antigen, prostein, and ETS-related gene was determined on archived tissue specimens consisting of benign prostatic tissue (n=9), primary prostate cancer (n=79), lymph node metastases (n=58), and distant metastases (n=39) using immunohistochemistry. The staining intensity was categorized as negative (0), weak (1), moderate (2), and strong (3). All markers except ETS-related gene were able to detect at least 70% of lymph node metastases and distant metastases, with prostate-specific antigen, androgen receptor, and prostate-specific membrane antigen having the highest sensitivity (97%, 91%, and 94%, respectively). A further increase of the sensitivity up to 98% and 100% could be achieved by the combination of prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, or androgen receptor for lymph node metastases and for distant metastases, respectively. The same sensitivity could be reached by combining prostate-specific membrane antigen and prostein. Our data show that a combined staining of at least two prostate markers should be utilized to identify metastases as originating from prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Queisser
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn and Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne A Hagedorn
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn and Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Braun
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn and Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wenzel Vogel
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn and Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg School of Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn and Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jo H, Youn H, Lee S, Ban C. Ultra-effective photothermal therapy for prostate cancer cells using dual aptamer-modified gold nanostars. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:4862-4867. [PMID: 32261777 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00643g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although various studies related to nanoparticles-based photothermal therapy have been actively performed, an epoch-making photothermolysis therapy exhibiting both high selectivity and efficiency has yet not been discovered. For the first time, we have developed novel valuable therapeutic complexes, namely, dual aptamer-modified gold nanostars, for the targeting of prostate cancers, including PSMA(+) and PSMA(-) cells. The synthesized probes were characterized through several techniques, including UV-VIS spectral analysis, DLS analysis, zeta potential measurements, and TEM imaging, and were subsequently subjected to cytotoxicity tests, cell uptake confirmation, and in vitro photothermal therapy. The homogeneously well-fabricated nanostars presented high selectivity to prostate cancer cells and extremely high efficiency for therapy using an 808 nm laser under an irradiance of 0.3 W cm-2, which is lower than the permitted value for skin exposure (0.329 W cm-2). It is anticipated that this novel photothermal agent will become the general platform for targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunho Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Korea.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Banerjee SR, Pullambhatla M, Foss CA, Nimmagadda S, Ferdani R, Anderson CJ, Mease RC, Pomper MG. ⁶⁴Cu-labeled inhibitors of prostate-specific membrane antigen for PET imaging of prostate cancer. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2657-69. [PMID: 24533799 PMCID: PMC3983358 DOI: 10.1021/jm401921j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well-recognized target for identification and therapy of a variety of cancers. Here we report five (64)Cu-labeled inhibitors of PSMA, [(64)Cu]3-7, which are based on the lysine-glutamate urea scaffold and utilize a variety of macrocyclic chelators, namely NOTA(3), PCTA(4), Oxo-DO3A(5), CB-TE2A(6), and DOTA(7), in an effort to determine which provides the most suitable pharmacokinetics for in vivo PET imaging. [(64)Cu]3-7 were prepared in high radiochemical yield (60-90%) and purity (>95%). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies of [(64)Cu]3-7 revealed specific accumulation in PSMA-expressing xenografts (PSMA+ PC3 PIP) relative to isogenic control tumor (PSMA- PC3 flu) and background tissue. The favorable kinetics and high image contrast provided by CB-TE2A chelated [(64)Cu]6 suggest it as the most promising among the candidates tested. That could be due to the higher stability of [(64)Cu]CB-TE2A as compared with [(64)Cu]NOTA, [(64)Cu]PCTA, [(64)Cu]Oxo-DO3A, and [(64)Cu]DOTA chelates in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Mrudula Pullambhatla
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Catherine A. Foss
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Riccardo Ferdani
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Carolyn J. Anderson
- Department
of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Ronnie C. Mease
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Russell
H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
There is an expanding and exciting repertoire of PET imaging radiotracers for urogenital diseases, particularly in prostate cancer, renal cell cancer, and renal function. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. With growing therapeutic options for the treatment of metastatic and advanced prostate cancer, improved functional imaging of prostate cancer beyond the limitations of conventional CT and bone scan is becoming increasingly important for both clinical management and drug development. PET radiotracers, apart from ¹⁸F-FDG, for prostate cancer are ¹⁸F-sodium fluoride, ¹¹C-choline, and ¹⁸F-fluorocholine, and (¹¹C-acetate. Other emerging and promising PET radiotracers include a synthetic l-leucine amino acid analogue (anti-¹⁸F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid), dihydrotestosterone analogue (¹⁸F-fluoro-5α-dihydrotestosterone), and prostate-specific membrane antigen-based PET radiotracers (eg, N-[N-[(S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]carbamoyl]-4-¹⁸F-fluorobenzyl-l-cysteine, ⁸⁹Zr-DFO-J591, and ⁶⁸Ga [HBED-CC]). Larger prospective and comparison trials of these PET radiotracers are needed to establish the role of PET/CT in prostate cancer. Although renal cell cancer imaging with FDG-PET/CT is available, it can be limited, especially for detection of the primary tumor. Improved renal cell cancer detection with carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-based antibody (¹²⁴I-girentuximab) and radioimmunotherapy targeting with ¹⁷⁷Lu-cG250 appear promising. Evaluation of renal injury by imaging renal perfusion and function with novel PET radiotracers include p-¹⁸F-fluorohippurate, hippurate m-cyano-p-¹⁸F-fluorohippurate, and rubidium-82 chloride (typically used for myocardial perfusion imaging). Renal receptor imaging of the renal renin-angiotensin system with a variety of selective PET radioligands is also becoming available for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Y Cho
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zsolt Szabo
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu T, Mendes DE, Berkman CE. Functional prostate-specific membrane antigen is enriched in exosomes from prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:918-22. [PMID: 24424840 PMCID: PMC3928468 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing simple and effective approaches to detect tumor markers will be critical for early diagnosis or prognostic evaluation of prostate cancer treatment. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been validated as an important tumor marker for prostate cancer progression including angiogenesis and metastasis. As a type II membrane protein, PSMA can be constitutively internalized from the cell surface into endosomes. Early endosomes can fuse with multivesicular bodies (MVB) to form and secrete exosomes (40–100 nm) into the extracellular environment. Herein, we tested whether some of the endosomal PSMA could be transferred to exosomes as an extracellular resource for PSMA. Using PSMA-positive LNCaP cells, the secreted exosomes were collected and isolated from the cultured media. The vesicular structures of exosomes were identified by electron microscopy, and exosomal marker protein CD9 and tumor susceptibility gene (TSG 101) were confirmed by western blot analysis. Our present data demonstrate that PSMA can be enriched in exosomes, exhibiting a higher content of glycosylation and partial proteolysis in comparison to cellular PSMA. An in vitro enzyme assay further confirmed that exosomal PSMA retains functional enzymatic activity. Therefore, our data may suggest a new role for PSMA in prostate cancer progression, and provide opportunities for developing non-invasive approaches for diagnosis or prognosis of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Desiree E Mendes
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Clifford E Berkman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bernacki KD, Fields KL, Roh MH. The utility of PSMA and PSA immunohistochemistry in the cytologic diagnosis of metastatic prostate carcinoma. Diagn Cytopathol 2013; 42:570-5. [PMID: 24273068 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of metastatic prostate carcinoma frequently requires the use of immunohistochemical adjuncts. Immunohistochemistry for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is commonly used for this purpose but can be of limited utility. Recently, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been shown to be a promising marker for the identification of metastatic prostate carcinoma in surgical specimens. The utility of this marker has yet to be reported for cytology specimens. We sought to compare the sensitivities of PSMA and PSA immunohistochemistry and investigate the specificity of PSMA by utilizing cell block preparations from cytologic cases of metastatic prostate carcinoma (n = 19) and carcinomas of nonprostatic origin (n = 33). The sensitivity of PSMA immunohistochemistry was higher (16/19; 84%) in detecting metastatic prostate carcinomas than that of PSA immunohistochemistry (11/19; 58%). Strong, diffuse staining for PSMA was seen in 13 (81%) of 16 PSMA-positive cases whereas strong, diffuse staining for PSA was observed in six (55%) of 11 PSA-positive cases. Positivity for either PSMA or PSA was seen in 17 of 19 cases of metastatic prostate carcinoma for a combined sensitivity of 89%. PSMA immunohistochemistry was completely negative in 32 of 33 cytology cases of nonprostatic carcinomas. Therefore, the specificity of this marker was 97% in this study. In conclusion, our results indicate that PSMA is a highly sensitive and specific immunomarker for the detection of metastatic prostate carcinoma in cytology specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D Bernacki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and its management is now evolving to become more personalized and to incorporate new targeted therapies. With these new changes comes a demand for molecular imaging techniques that can not only detect disease but also assess biology and treatment response. This review article summarizes current molecular imaging approaches in prostate cancer (e.g. 99mTc bone scintigraphy and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) and highlights emerging clinical and preclinical imaging agents, with an emphasis on mechanism and clinical application. Emerging agents at various stages of clinical translation include radiolabeled analogs of lipid, amino acid, and nucleoside metabolism, as well as agents more specifically targeting prostate cancer biomarkers including androgen receptor, prostate-specific membrane antigen and others. We also highlight new techniques and targeted contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. For all these imaging techniques, a growing and important unmet need is for well-designed prospective clinical trials to establish clear indications with clinical benefit in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Kiess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Steve Y. Cho
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ray Banerjee S, Pullambhatla M, Foss CA, Falk A, Byun Y, Nimmagadda S, Mease RC, Pomper MG. Effect of chelators on the pharmacokinetics of (99m)Tc-labeled imaging agents for the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). J Med Chem 2013; 56:6108-21. [PMID: 23799782 DOI: 10.1021/jm400823w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Technetium-99m, the most commonly used radionuclide in nuclear medicine, can be attached to biologically important molecules through a variety of chelating agents, the choice of which depends upon the imaging application. The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is increasingly recognized as an important target for imaging and therapy of prostate cancer (PCa). Three different (99m)Tc-labeling methods were employed to investigate the effect of the chelator on the biodistribution and PCa tumor uptake profiles of 12 new urea-based PSMA-targeted radiotracers. This series includes hydrophilic ligands for radiolabeling with the [(99m)Tc(CO)3](+) core (L8-L10), traditional NxSy-based chelating agents with varying charge and polarity for the (99m)Tc-oxo core (L11-L18), and a (99m)Tc-organohydrazine-labeled radioligand (L19). (99m)Tc(I)-Tricarbonyl-labeled [(99m)Tc]L8 produced the highest PSMA+ PC3 PIP to PSMA- PC3 flu tumor ratios and demonstrated the lowest retention in normal tissues including kidney after 2 h. These results suggest that choice of chelator is an important pharmacokinetic consideration in the development of (99m)Tc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals targeting PSMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Molecularly targeted agents as radiosensitizers in cancer therapy--focus on prostate cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14800-32. [PMID: 23863691 PMCID: PMC3742274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of the molecular pathways driving tumorigenesis improves and more druggable targets are identified, we have witnessed a concomitant increase in the development and production of novel molecularly targeted agents. Radiotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of various malignancies with a prominent role in the care of prostate cancer patients, and efforts to improve the therapeutic ratio of radiation by technologic and pharmacologic means have led to important advances in cancer care. One promising approach is to combine molecularly targeted systemic agents with radiotherapy to improve tumor response rates and likelihood of durable control. This review first explores the limitations of preclinical studies as well as barriers to successful implementation of clinical trials with radiosensitizers. Special considerations related to and recommendations for the design of preclinical studies and clinical trials involving molecularly targeted agents combined with radiotherapy are provided. We then apply these concepts by reviewing a representative set of targeted therapies that show promise as radiosensitizers in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
|