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Denis-Robichaud J, Oliveira AP, Sica A, Soriano S, Araújo RL, Pereira MHC, Pohler KG, Cerri RLA, Vasconcelos JLM. Is prolonged luteal phase a problem in lactating Holstein cows? J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00825-7. [PMID: 38788835 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the main objective was to assess if long luteal phases could have other causes than pregnancy losses. We enrolled Holstein dairy cows ≥50 d in milk (DIM) from a commercial herd in Brazil from October 2016 to August 2017. All cows received an estradiol-based synchronization protocol, and, on the day of insemination (d 0), were randomly assigned either an artificial insemination (AI) or a placebo insemination (PBO) in a 3:1 ratio. An ultrasound was used to assess the presence of a CL on d17, 24, and 31, which, combined to the information from patches for the detection of estrus, was used to determine the length of the luteal phase following AI or PBO. Pregnancy was assessed by ultrasound on d 31 and cows that were pregnant were excluded from the analyses. The length of the estrous cycles was categorized as short (<17 d), normal (17-23 d), long (24-30 d), and very long (≥31 d). We compared the proportion of cows in each category between the AI and PBO groups using a cumulative ordinal mixed model. We define prolonged luteal phase as estrous cycles ≥24 d and tested its association with potential risk factors (parity, season, DIM, uterine size and position score, milk production, body condition score, and the presence of a corpus luteum (CL) at enrollment to the synchronization protocol) using mixed logistic regression models. Results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% credible intervals (BCI). Data from 876 inseminations (AI: n = 616, PBO: n = 260) was collected. Overall, 12% of estrous cycles were short, 31% were normal, 19% were long, and 38% were very long. There was no difference in the odds of being in longer estrous cycle categories for the AI compared with the PBO group (OR = 0.92, 95% BCI = 0.76-1.10). Season and presence of a CL at enrollment were associated with prolonged luteal phase. In the AI group, there was a possible effect of early pregnancy losses on the lifespan of the CL, but not the PBO group, which led us to conclude that long and very long estrous cycles were not all caused by the embryonic loss. In fact, the high prevalence of cows with an extended CL lifespan in the present study suggests this could be an under- or miss-reported characteristic of high-producing lactating Holstein cows. This finding may have important repercussions in the understanding of the CL function physiology of lactating Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Denis-Robichaud
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - A P Oliveira
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, 18168-000
| | - A Sica
- Colorado Farm, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil, 13600-970
| | - S Soriano
- Colorado Farm, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil, 13600-970
| | - R L Araújo
- Colorado Farm, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil, 13600-970
| | - M H C Pereira
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, 18168-000
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, US, 77843
| | - R L A Cerri
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, 18168-000.
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2
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Yang MK, Yeh RH, Lee CJ, Yeh YH, Chen YH, Banhazi T, Tu PA. Pregnancy maintenance and fetal loss assessment in Holstein cows through analyzing pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in milk. Theriogenology 2024; 217:11-17. [PMID: 38219409 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Fetal loss (FL) from the 45th day of gestation until calving can impose a significant economic burden on dairy farmers, resulting in lost profits and increased production costs. Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) is commonly used for detecting pregnancy in cows. PAG is secreted by binucleated trophoblast cells of the placenta and regulated by more than 24 genes. The purpose of this study was to determine the PAG threshold for FL and a probability of pregnancy maintenance until calving based on milk PAG levels. Our results reveal that primiparous and multiparous cows that maintained pregnancy until the 40th week exhibited higher PAG sample-negative (SN) values in their milk in the 6th week of gestation than did those that experienced FL later in gestation. Pregnant cows with higher PAG SN values in the 6th week of gestation were more likely to maintain their pregnancies. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting the probability of pregnancy maintenance was 0.722 for our prediction model. On the other hand, a milk PAG SN value of <0.192 indicated 95 % confidence that FL would occur between the 7th and 40th weeks of gestation. Milk PAG testing is a noninvasive sampling technique that does not induce additional stress in lactating cows. The study reveals that PAG SN values increase significantly in Holstein cows during the 6th week of gestation. The predictive model developed was effective in forecasting pregnancy outcomes up to the 40th week of gestation or calving. The model's performance is moderately good for field application and could be a useful tool for dairy producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kuew Yang
- Northern Region Branch, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Miaoli, 368, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Han Yeh
- Animal Products Processing Division, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan, 71246, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Livestock Management Division, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan, 71246, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Yeh
- Northern Region Branch, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Miaoli, 368, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Northern Region Branch, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Miaoli, 368, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Banhazi
- National Taiwan University, International College, Changxing st, Da'an, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Po-An Tu
- Northern Region Branch, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Miaoli, 368, Taiwan.
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3
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Aranciaga N, Ross AB, Morton JD, McDonald R, Gathercole JL, Berg DK. Metabolomic evolution of the postpartum dairy cow uterus. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:835-848. [PMID: 37632839 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
High rates of early pregnancy loss are a critical issue in dairy herds, particularly in seasonal, grazing systems. Components of the uterine luminal fluid (ULF), on which the early embryo depends for sustenance and growth, partly determine early pregnancy losses. Here, changes in ULF from early to mid-postpartum in crossbred dairy cows were explored, linking them with divergent embryo development. For this, the uteri of 87 cows at Day 7 of pregnancy at first and third estrus postpartum were flushed to collect ULF. Eighteen metabolites (chiefly organic acids and sugars) significantly varied in abundance across postpartum, indicating a molecular signature of physiological recovery consistent of the upregulation of pyrimidine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, and downregulation of pentose phosphate and taurine metabolism pathways. Joint pathway analysis of metabolomics data and a previously generated proteomics data set on the same ULF samples suggests key links between postpartum recovery and subsequent successful embryo development. These include upregulation of VEGFA and downregulation of metabolism, NRF2, T-cell receptor, which appear to improve the ULF's capacity of sustaining normal embryo development, and a putative osmo-protectant role of beta-alanine. These relationships should be further investigated to develop tools to detect and reduce early pregnancy loss in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aranciaga
- Proteins and Metabolites Team, AgResearch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Animal Biotechnology Team, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Proteins and Metabolites Team, AgResearch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James D Morton
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robin McDonald
- Animal Biotechnology Team, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Debra K Berg
- Animal Biotechnology Team, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
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4
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Pursley JR, Santos A, Minela T. Review: Initial increase in pregnancy-specific protein B in maternal circulation after artificial insemination is a key indicator of embryonic survival in dairy cows. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100746. [PMID: 37567663 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactating dairy cows have reduced chances for pregnancy survival following 1st parturition. It appears that timing of conceptus attachment, defined as an initial daily rise in pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) postartificial insemination (AI), is key to the survival of the embryo. PSPB is a protein produced from binucleate cells of the trophectoderm of the conceptus. Once the conceptus has attached to the uterine epithelial cells, this large protein is detectable in maternal circulation. Daily sampling of serum allows for detection of the initial increase of PSPB. A percent increase threshold for PSPB was determined from results from each study using a conservative three-day minimum increase. Thus far, a 10 or 12.5% daily increase for three consecutive days had the greatest sensitivities and specificities for studies reported in this review. Nulliparous heifers receiving AI following estrus appear to have a reduced time to conceptus attachment compared to lactating cows that received either Ovsynch or AI following estrus. Increasing progesterone post-AI did not reduce time to conceptus attachment in lactating cows. Multiparous cows treated post-AI with human chorionic gonadotropin had a reduced percent with conceptus attachment in addition to greater time to conceptus attachment. Increased time to conceptus attachment increased the chances of multiparous cows having embryonic death before 35 d post-AI. Concentrations of PSPB are consistently reduced from conceptus attachment until d 28 post-AI in cows with pregnancy loss compared to cows that maintain pregnancy on d 34 post-AI. This novel model to determine timing of conceptus attachment provides a new perspective on percent of cows pregnant around d 20-23 post-AI and the potential for a greater understanding of subsequent pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Pursley
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Alisson Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Thainá Minela
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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5
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An JS, Wang GL, Wang DM, Yang YQ, Wu JS, Zhao YQ, Gong S, Tan JH. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Hormones Impair Pig Fertilization and Preimplantation Embryo Development via Inducing Oviductal Epithelial Apoptosis: An In Vitro Study. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233891. [PMID: 36497149 PMCID: PMC9740987 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies show that stressful events after ovulation in sows significantly impaired the embryo cleavage with a significant elevation of blood cortisol. However, the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol on fertilization and embryo development remain to be specified, and whether they damage pig embryos directly or indirectly is unclear. This study demonstrated that embryo development was unaffected when pig parthenotes were cultured with different concentrations of CRH/ACTH/cortisol. However, embryo development was significantly impaired when the embryos were cocultured with pig oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) in the presence of CRH/cortisol or cultured in medium that was conditioned with CRH/cortisol-pretreated OECs (CRH/cortisol-CM). Fertilization in CRH/cortisol-CM significantly increased the rates of polyspermy. CRH and cortisol induced apoptosis of OECs through FAS and TNFα signaling. The apoptotic OECs produced less growth factors but more FASL and TNFα, which induced apoptosis in embryos. Pig embryos were not sensitive to CRH because they expressed no CRH receptor but the CRH-binding protein, and they were tolerant to cortisol because they expressed more 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2) than HSD11B1. When used at a stress-induced physiological concentration, while culture with either CRH or cortisol alone showed no effect, culture with both significantly increased apoptosis in OECs. In conclusion, CRH and cortisol impair pig fertilization and preimplantation embryo development indirectly by inducing OEC apoptosis via the activation of the FAS and TNFα systems. ACTH did not show any detrimental effect on pig embryos, nor OECs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuai Gong
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (J.-H.T.); Tel.: +86-0538-8249616 (S.G. & J.-H.T.); Fax: +86-0538-8241419 (S.G. & J.-H.T.)
| | - Jing-He Tan
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (J.-H.T.); Tel.: +86-0538-8249616 (S.G. & J.-H.T.); Fax: +86-0538-8241419 (S.G. & J.-H.T.)
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6
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Albaaj A, Durocher J, LeBlanc S, Dufour S. Meta-analysis of the incidence of pregnancy losses in dairy cows at different stages to 90 days of gestation. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 4:144-148. [PMID: 36974208 PMCID: PMC10039243 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy losses are a biological challenge and economically important in dairy herds. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify losses in 4 periods from 19 to 90 d of pregnancy corresponding to the physiological development of gestation in dairy cows. A total of 19,723 diagnostic records from 46 studies were included. Pregnancy losses averaged 27%, 13%, 7%, and 2% in the early embryonic (19 to 32 d), late embryonic (30 to 45 d), early fetal (45 to 60 d), and later fetal (60 to 90 d) stages. These results provide a formal synthesis of the incidence of pregnancy losses in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Albaaj
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C. P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada, J2S 7C6
- Corresponding author
| | - J. Durocher
- Lactanet, 555, boul. Des Anciens-Combattants, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada, H9X 3R4
| | - S.J. LeBlanc
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - S. Dufour
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C. P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada, J2S 7C6
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7
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Middleton E, Minela T, Ahearne M, Arnold H, Santos A, Pursley J. Dairy heifers have an earlier increase in serum pregnancy-specific protein B compared with lactating dairy cows. Is this an indicator of earlier conceptus attachment? JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:291-295. [PMID: 36338019 PMCID: PMC9623710 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to use within-individual daily increases in circulating pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) to determine time to increase in serum PSPB in nulliparous heifers and multiparous dairy cows following artificial insemination (AI). Weekly cohorts of lactating Holstein cows (n = 56) averaging 122 ± 7 d in milk at AI and nulliparous Holstein heifers (n = 23) averaging 16 ± 0.24 mo old at AI were used in this study. Lactating cows received AI to either Ovsynch (n = 38) or at ~12 h following observed standing estrus (n = 18). All heifers were inseminated ~12 h after observed standing estrus. Blood samples for measurement of PSPB were collected daily from d 15 through d 35 postovulation. Nulliparous heifers had increases in serum PSPB earlier compared with both primiparous and multiparous cows. Day of increase in serum PSPB was defined as the day serum PSPB optical density levels initially increased ≥10% from baseline and continued to increase from baseline of ≥10% the following 2 d. Average PSPB were greater in pregnant heifers compared pregnant cows from d 23 through 29. Early lactation nonpregnant cows maintained greater average optical density of serum PSPB from 15 to 35 d postovulation compared with nonpregnant heifers (n = 38). In summary, fertility differences in heifers versus lactating cows may be due to the differences in timing of increases in serum PSPB. This appears to be one of the first publications that used daily PSPB sampling to investigate possible differences in fertility in heifers versus lactating cows.
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8
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Madureira AML, Denis-Robichaud J, Guida TG, Cerri RLA, Vasconcelos JLM. Association between genomic daughter pregnancy rates and reproductive parameters in Holstein dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5534-5543. [PMID: 35450716 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this observational study was to evaluate the relationship between genomic daughter pregnancy rate (GDPR) with reproduction parameters such as pregnancy at first artificial insemination (AI), pregnancy per AI, and pregnancy losses (PL). A total of 12,949 events from 3,499 Holstein cows were included. Cows were enrolled as nulliparous (n = 1,220), primiparous (n = 1,314), or multiparous (n = 965). Cows were bred either after a timed AI protocol, timed embryo transfer (ET), or spontaneous estrus. Most lactating cows were bred following a timed AI protocol based on estradiol and progesterone, and most nulliparous were artificially inseminated following estrus detection. Hair samples were collected from the tail switch and cows were genotyped using a SNP platform (Clarifide, Zoetis). Cows that were bred by timed AI were evaluated for estrous behavior using tail chalk. Tail chalk was applied on the head of the tail 2 d before timed AI and the chalk was evaluated at AI (no estrus: 100% of chalk remaining or ≥50% of chalk remaining; Estrus: <50% of chalk remaining). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at d 32 and 60 after AI using ultrasonography, and the presence of a heartbeat was considered a positive diagnosis. Pregnancy loss was defined as a pregnant cow on d 32 that was nonpregnant on d 60. As GDPR increased, the odds of pregnancy at first AI increased [odds ratio (OR) = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.20-1.35], the odds of pregnancy per AI increased (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.25-1.36), and the odds of PL decreased (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.60-0.72). Most cows that were bred on the day of the timed AI demonstrated estrus (n = 6,075; 92.9%). The odds of demonstrating estrus on the day of timed AI increased as GDPR increased (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.17-1.48). There was no interaction between GDPR and parity or breeding management for pregnancy at first AI, pregnancy per AI, and PL. In conclusion, the odds of pregnancy at first AI and pregnancy per AI increased as GDPR increased. Moreover, the odds of PL increased as GDPR decreased. Greater GDPR was also associated with greater occurrence of estrus on the day of timed AI. These results suggest that selecting for higher GDPR could result in better reproductive performance, but this would need to be assessed with additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M L Madureira
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4; University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, ON, Canada N0P 2C0
| | - J Denis-Robichaud
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - T G Guida
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil 18168-000
| | - R L A Cerri
- Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil 18168-000.
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Reed CB, Meier S, Murray LA, Burke CR, Pitman JL. The microenvironment of ovarian follicles in fertile dairy cows is associated with high oocyte quality. Theriogenology 2022; 177:195-205. [PMID: 34757242 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesised that heifers and cows with positive genetic merit for fertility would have a follicular microenvironment that resulted in better quality oocytes. To test this, we compared cumulus cell-oocyte complexes (COC) and follicular fluid from preovulatory follicles of 36 Holstein-Friesian nulliparous heifers and 50 primiparous lactating cows with either positive (POS, +5%) or negative (NEG, -5%) fertility breeding values (FertBV). Established gene markers of oocyte quality were measured in individual cumulus cell masses and oocytes, and concentrations of amino acids, steroids, and metabolites were quantified in corresponding follicular fluid and plasma. The timing of visually detectable oestrus in NEG FertBV heifers was inconsistent with their stage of COC maturation. Retrospective analyses of oestrous activity data indicated that NEG FertBV heifers were sampled earlier. Their recovered COC were morphologically less mature and exhibited differential expression of genes that are associated with follicular maturation (lower levels of BMPR2) and protein processing (higher levels of HSP90B1). Despite consistent sampling times being achieved in the lactating cows, lower concentrations of serine, proline, methionine, isoleucine, and non-esterified fatty acids were present in follicular fluid from POS FertBV cows. This was associated with higher expression of gene biomarkers of good oocyte quality (VCAN, PDE8A) in COC recovered from POS FertBV cows. This study supports our hypothesis that the follicular microenvironment in lactating dairy cows with high genetic merit leads to COC with higher metabolic rates and oocytes of superior quality. Moreover, an additional stressor such as lactation is required for this difference to be pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Reed
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag, 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag, 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - L A Murray
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag, 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - J L Pitman
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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10
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Embryo Transfer as an Option to Improve Fertility in Repeat Breeder Dairy Cows. J Vet Res 2021; 65:231-237. [PMID: 34250309 PMCID: PMC8256464 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeat breeding is a serious reproductive disorder in dairy cattle. The causes of repeat breeding are multifactorial and there are two main mechanisms: failure of fertilisation or early embryo death, mainly due to poor quality of oocytes and an inadequate uterine environment. Many methods have been used to increase the pregnancy rate for repeat breeder cows, such as intrauterine infusion of antibacterial agents or antibiotics, hormonal treatments for oestrus synchronisation and induction of ovulation, and progesterone supplementation or induction of accessory corpus luteum; however, the results were inconsistent between studies. Embryo transfer (ET) has the capability to minimalise the effects of poor oocyte quality and unfavourable uterine environments on early embryo development during the first seven days after ovulation in repeat breeder cows, and several studies showed that ET significantly improved the pregnancy rate in this group of animals. Thus, ET can be considered an option to increase the conception rate in repeat breeder dairy cows.
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11
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Nanas I, Chouzouris TM, Dovolou E, Dadouli K, Stamperna K, Kateri I, Barbagianni M, Amiridis GS. Early embryo losses, progesterone and pregnancy associated glycoproteins levels during summer heat stress in dairy cows. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102951. [PMID: 34016368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives of this study were to characterize the effects of heat stress on pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAG) and progesterone and its involvement in embryo survival. In trial 1, blood samples collected from days 29 to 36 post insemination were examined for the comparison of PAG concentrations between winter (n = 3721) and summer (n = 2388). In trial 2, embryo losses were assessed in winter (n = 144) and in summer (n = 133), in days 31 or 32 of pregnancy. Pregnancy diagnosis was carried out by ultrasonography on days 24 or 25, and it was repeated a week later; in the second occasion PAG concentration was also determined. In trial 3 the PAG and progesterone concentrations were assessed in days 33 to 36 in winter and summer. In trial 1 PAG levels did not differ between winter and summer, the conception rate and the proportion of uncertain pregnancies were higher in winter than summer. The likelihood of pregnancy was 10 to 15% higher in winter. In trial 2, the embryo death rate was higher in summer, but the PAG levels of cows that had embryo loss in summer were higher than those in winter. In both seasons, lower PAG levels were associated with higher risk of pregnancy loss, while embryo death was five times more likely to occur in summer than in winter and lower PAG concentrations were positively associated with higher risk of embryo loss. In trial 3, mean PAG levels were higher and of progesterone were lower during the summer than during the winter. We infer that despite the devastating effects of heat stress on cows' fertility, those early embryos that survive under continuous heat stress can form a well-functioning placenta; hence, the high embryo mortality rate observed during the summer months could be mainly attributed to luteal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Nanas
- Clinic of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Thomas-Markos Chouzouris
- Clinic of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Eleni Dovolou
- Clinic of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Laboratory of Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Katerina Dadouli
- Clinic of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantina Stamperna
- Clinic of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Ilektra Kateri
- Clinic of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Mariana Barbagianni
- Clinic of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Georgios S Amiridis
- Clinic of Obstetrics & Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.
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Campanile G, Baruselli PS, Limone A, D'Occhio MJ. Local action of cytokines and immune cells in communication between the conceptus and uterus during the critical period of early embryo development, attachment and implantation - Implications for embryo survival in cattle: A review. Theriogenology 2021; 167:1-12. [PMID: 33743503 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early embryo development, implantation and pregnancy involve a complex dialogue between the embryo and mother. In cattle this dialogue starts as early as days 3-4 when the embryo is still in the oviduct, and it continues to implantation. Immunological processes involving cytokines, mast cells and macrophages form an important part of this dialogue. Amongst the cytokines, interleukin-6 (Il-6) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) are secreted by both the embryo and uterine endometrium and form part of an ongoing and reciprocating dialogue. Mast cells and macrophages populate the uterine endometrium during embryo development and are involved in achieving the correct balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reactions at the uterus that are associated with embryo attachment and implantation. Embryo loss is the major cause of reproductive wastage in cattle, and livestock generally. A deeper understanding of immunological processes during early embryo development will help to achieve the next step change in the efficiency of natural and assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pietro S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Limone
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael J D'Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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13
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D Occhio MJ, Campanile G, Baruselli PS. Transforming growth factor-β superfamily and interferon-τ in ovarian function and embryo development in female cattle: review of biology and application. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:539-552. [PMID: 32024582 DOI: 10.1071/rd19123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of the embryo and establishment of a pregnancy is a critical period in the reproductive function of female cattle. This review examines how the transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) superfamily (i.e. bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 15, growth differentiation factor (GDF) 9, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)) and interferon-τ (IFNT) affect ovarian function and embryo development. The oocyte in a primary follicle secretes BMP15 and GDF9, which, together, organise the surrounding granulosa and theca cells into the oocyte-cumulus-follicle complex. At the same time, the granulosa secretes AMH, which affects the oocyte. This autocrine-paracrine dialogue between the oocyte and somatic cells continues throughout follicle development and is fundamental in establishing the fertilisation potential and embryo developmental competency of oocytes. The early bovine embryo secretes IFNT, which acts at the uterine endometrium, corpus luteum and blood leucocytes. IFNT is involved in the maternal recognition of pregnancy and immunomodulation to prevent rejection of the embryo, and supports progesterone secretion. Manipulation of BMP15, GDF9, AMH and IFNT in both invivo and invitro studies has confirmed their importance in reproductive function in female cattle. This review makes the case that a deeper understanding of the biology of BMP15, GDF9, AMH and IFNT will lead to new strategies to increase embryo survival and improve fertility in cattle. The enhancement of oocyte quality, early embryo development and implantation is considered necessary for the next step change in the efficiency of natural and assisted reproduction in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J D Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 410 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, V. F. Delpino, 1 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro S Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootecnia, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-270 Brazil; and Corresponding author.
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14
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Zhao YQ, Chen RR, Kong QQ, An JS, Zhao XY, Gong S, Yuan HJ, Tan JH. Corticosterone induced apoptosis of mouse oviduct epithelial cells independent of the TNF-α system. J Reprod Dev 2020; 67:43-51. [PMID: 33310974 PMCID: PMC7902214 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported in recent studies that restraint stress on pregnant mice during the preimplantation stage elevated corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)
and glucocorticoid levels in the serum and oviducts; furthermore, CRH and corticosterone (CORT) impacted preimplantation embryos indirectly by triggering the
apoptosis of oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) through activation of the Fas system. However, it remains unclear whether TNF-α signaling is involved in CRH-
and/or glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of OECs. In the present study, it was shown that culture with either CRH or CORT induced significant apoptosis of OECs.
The culture of OECs with CRH augmented both FasL expression and TNF-α expression. However, culture with CORT increased FasL, but decreased TNF-α, expression
significantly. Although knocking down/knocking out FasL expression in OECs significantly ameliorated the proapoptotic effects of both CRH and CORT, knocking
down/knocking out TNF-α expression relieved only the proapoptotic effect of CRH but not that of CORT. Taken together, our results demonstrated
that CRH-induced OEC apoptosis involved both Fas signaling and TNF-α signaling. Conversely, CORT-induced OEC apoptosis involved only the Fas, but not the TNF-α,
signaling pathway. The data obtained are crucial for our understanding of the mechanisms by which various categories of stress imposed on pregnant females
impair embryo development, as well as for the development of measures to protect the embryo from the adverse effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Ren Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Kong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Song An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Gong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Jie Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
| | - Jing-He Tan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City 271018, P. R. China
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15
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Pinedo P, Santos JEP, Chebel RC, Galvão KN, Schuenemann GM, Bicalho RC, Gilbert RO, Rodriguez Zas S, Seabury CM, Rosa G, Thatcher WW. Early-lactation diseases and fertility in 2 seasons of calving across US dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10560-10576. [PMID: 32896394 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize incidences of health disorders during early lactation in a large population of Holstein cows calving in 2 seasons across multiple US dairy herds. In addition, cumulative effects of combinations of health-related events on fertility and survival by season of calving and parity number were tested. Data were prospectively collected from a total of 11,729 cows in 16 herds located in 2 regions in the United States [north (7,820 cows in 10 herds) and south (3,909 cows in 6 herds)]. Cows were enrolled at parturition and monitored weekly for disease occurrence, reproductive events, and survival. Health-related events were grouped into reproductive disorders (REP; dystocia, twins, retained fetal membranes, metritis, and clinical endometritis) and other disorders (OTH; subclinical ketosis, mastitis, displaced abomasum, and pneumonia). Counts of health events within 50 d postpartum were added into each of the groups and categorized as 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 for REP and 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 for OTH. Multivariable logistic regression was used for testing potential associations between categories of disease occurrence and outcome variables, including resumption of ovarian cyclicity, pregnancy per artificial insemination (AI), pregnancy loss, and survival up to and after 50 DIM. The incidence of disease varied with season of calving and parity, and these 2 variables were associated with the reproductive and survival outcomes. The size of the detrimental effect of disease incidence on reproduction and survival depended on disease group and varied for each specific outcome. Resumption of ovarian cyclicity decreased as incidences of disorders increased in both REP and OTH categories. Pregnancy at first AI also was smaller in greater number of REP categories, but the effect of number of OTH categories on pregnancy at first AI was not consistent. Similarly, pregnancy loss at first AI was not affected consistently by REP or OTH. Survival was reduced by REP and OTH. The magnitude of these negative effects was variable, depending on season of calving and parity, but consistently increased with the number of health events during early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80521.
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - R C Chebel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - K N Galvão
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - G M Schuenemann
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - R C Bicalho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - R O Gilbert
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - S Rodriguez Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - C M Seabury
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
| | - G Rosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - W W Thatcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
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16
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Antanaitis R, Malašauskienė D, Televičius M, Juozaitienė V, Žilinskas H, Baumgartner W. Dynamic Changes in Progesterone Concentration in Cows' Milk Determined by the At-Line Milk Analysis System Herd Navigator TM. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185020. [PMID: 32899624 PMCID: PMC7570932 DOI: 10.3390/s20185020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary According to the literature, the at-line progesterone monitoring system Herd NavigatorTM (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) was used in combination with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). It works automatically and provides real-time physiological information about lactating dairy cows. For making farm-management decisions, it is not only a novel tool for scientific research, but also a mechanism for improving productivity, food safety, animal well-being, the environment, and the public perception of the dairy industry. It has been hypothesized that the progesterone concentration determined by the at-line milk analysis system and changes in its dynamics correlate with the parity, reproductive status, and milk yield of cows. The aim of the current study was to evaluate relative at-line milk progesterone (mP4) dynamic changes, according to the parity and status of reproduction, and to estimate the relationship with productivity in dairy cows. Frequent automated mP4 sampling can help identify characteristics of mP4 dynamic changes associated with successful pregnancies, pregnancy losses, and potential differences in mP4 dynamics among parity groups, which have not been studied previously. Abstract The aim of the current instant study was to evaluate relative at-line milk progesterone dynamic changes according to parity and status of reproduction and to estimate the relationship with productivity in dairy cows by at-line milk analysis system Herd NavigatorTM. According to the progesterone assay, experimental animals were divided into three periods: postpartum, after insemination, and pregnancy. In the first stage of the postpartum period, progesterone levels in milk were monitored every 5 days. This period of reproductive cycle recovery was followed for 30 days (days 0–29). The second stage of the postpartum period (30–65 days) lasted until cows were inseminated. In the period (0–45 days) after cow insemination, progesterone levels were distributed according to whether or not cows became pregnant. For milk progesterone detection, the fully automated real-time progesterone analyzer Herd NavigatorTM (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) was used in combination with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). We found that an at-line progesterone concentration is related to different parities, reproductive statuses, and milk yield of cows: the 12.88% higher concentration of progesterone in milk was evaluated in primiparous cows. The average milk yield in non-pregnant primiparous cows was 4.64% higher, and in non-pregnant multiparous cows 6.87% higher than in pregnant cows. Pregnancy success in cows can be predicted 11–15 days after insemination, when a significant increase in progesterone is observed in the group of pregnant cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramūnas Antanaitis
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.M.); (M.T.); (H.Ž.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-6-7349-064
| | - Dovilė Malašauskienė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.M.); (M.T.); (H.Ž.)
| | - Mindaugas Televičius
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.M.); (M.T.); (H.Ž.)
| | - Vida Juozaitienė
- Department of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Henrikas Žilinskas
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.M.); (M.T.); (H.Ž.)
| | - Walter Baumgartner
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria;
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17
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Noya A, Casasús I, Rodríguez-Sánchez JA, Ferrer J, Sanz A. A negative energy balance during the peri-implantational period reduces dam IGF-1 but does not alter progesterone or pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) or fertility in suckled cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106418. [PMID: 31958645 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a negative energy balance during the first third of gestation on metabolic, endocrine, and pregnancy recognition parameters in 2 beef cattle breeds adapted to semiextensive conditions. Seventy-five lactating Parda de Montaña and 40 Pirenaica multiparous cows rearing calves were synchronized and timed artificial inseminated (TAI) on day 76 postpartum. Cows were assigned to one of 2 diets (CONTROL or SUBNUT; 100% or 65% of their requirements supplied) until day 82 of gestation. Pregnancy was diagnosed 37 d post-TAI using ultrasound. Blood samples were obtained to determine metabolic (glucose, NEFA, β-hydroxybutyrate, cholesterol, and urea) and endocrine (IGF-1) status throughout the first third of gestation and to determine the concentrations of progesterone and pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) in the peri-implantational period. Undernutrition affected both cow and calf performance. The CONTROL cows maintained BCS and BW, whereas SUBNUT cows had negative daily gains. The CONTROL lactating calves had higher BW gains than SUBNUT. These negative effects were more evident in the Pirenaica breed, which was more sensitive to undernutrition. The negative energy balance was reflected in the cows' metabolic profiles, with higher NEFA values and lower IGF-1 concentrations in SUBNUT cows. However, undernutrition did not affect dam pregnancy/TAI or pregnancy recognition and maintenance, confirming that during periods of undernourishment pregnant dams prioritize the allocation of dietary energy toward reproductive functions. Progesterone concentration on day 21 post-TAI (with a 4.8 ng/mL cut-off value) and PSPB on day 26 post-TAI (with a 0.57 ng/mL cut-off value) were determined as the earliest indicators to accurately establish dam pregnancy status, regardless of breed or nutrition treatment. In summary, early undernutrition affected cow performance and metabolic profiles and impaired lactating calf growth, but did not affect progesterone or PSPB concentrations or the pregnancy/TAI rate in suckled cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Noya
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avenida Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Casasús
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avenida Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J A Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avenida Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avenida Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Sanz
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) de Aragón, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Avenida Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Sire contribution to pregnancy loss in different periods of embryonic and fetal development of beef cows. Theriogenology 2020; 154:84-91. [PMID: 32535394 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of service sire on pregnancy results during different periods of embryonic and fetal development. Angus cows (n = 658) were timed artificially inseminated (TAI) on day 0 after synchronization of estrus using one of eight Angus sires. Estrus expression prior to TAI was evaluated using estrus breeding indicators. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 24 and 31 for quantification of circulating pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG). Pregnancy was diagnosed at day 24 based on blood-based test, and on days 31 and 60 by transrectal ultrasonography to determine early embryonic mortality (EEM; between days 24 and 31) and late embryonic/early fetal mortality (LEM; between days 31 and 60). Sires were retrospectively classified according to the amount of pregnancy loss in each evaluated interval. Overall EEM was 5.54%, with values ranging from 1.8 to 11.7% among sires, whereas LEM was 6.7% with values ranging from 2.3 to 12.6% among sires. Individual sires had different phenotypes in regard to pregnancy loss during different developmental periods, indicating the importance of evaluating multiple milestones of embryonic development when classifying sire fertility. No difference (P ≥ 0.05) was observed in serum concentrations of PAG in cows bred with sires of different phenotypes. Pregnancy rate by sire was also influenced by estrus expression. Sires with a greater number of cows pregnant without estrus expression, had similar incidence of early (P = 0.71) but greater incidence of late embryonic mortality (P = 0.05). These results are significant to characterize sire contribution to pregnancy maintenance and establishment in beef cows and to serve as basis of studies to identify markers to improve sire fertility evaluation.
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19
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Oliver KF, Geary TW, Kiser JN, Galliou JM, Van Emon ML, Seabury CM, Spencer TE, Neibergs HL. Loci associated with conception rate in crossbred beef heifers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230422. [PMID: 32271764 PMCID: PMC7145093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability of beef cattle to maintain full term pregnancies has become an economic concern for the beef industry. Herd management and nutritional improvements have alleviated environmental impacts on embryonic and fetal loss, yet additional gains can be made through genomic selection. The objectives of this study were to identify loci and gene-sets in crossbred beef heifers associated with the number of services required to become pregnant (TBRD) and heifer conception rate at first service (HCR1). Heifers (n = 709) from a commercial beef operation underwent one round of artificial insemination, before exposure to bulls for natural service for 50 days. Pregnancy and time of conception was determined by ultrasound 35 days after the breeding season. Heifers were genotyped using the GeneSeek (Lincoln, NE) Bovine GGP50K BeadChip prior to genome-wide association analyses (GWAA) conducted using an EIGENSTRAT-like model to identify loci associated (P < 1 × 10−5) with TBRD and HCR1. One locus was associated (P = 8.97 × 10−6) with TBRD on BTA19 and included the positional candidate gene ASIC2, which is differentially expressed in the endometrium of fertility classified heifers, and the positional candidate gene, SPACA3. Gene-set enrichment analyses using SNP (GSEA-SNP) data, was performed and identified one gene-set, oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen as enriched (NES = 3.15) with TBRD and contained nine leading edge genes that contributed to the enrichment of the gene set. The enriched gene-set is involved in catalyzing oxidation-reduction reactions, which have been associated with oxidative stressors impacting pregnancy success. No loci were associated nor gene-sets enriched with HCR1. Identification of loci, positional candidate genes, gene-sets and leading edge genes enriched for fertility facilitate genomic selection that allows producers to select for reproductively superior cattle, reduce costs associated with infertility, and increase percent calf crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. F. Oliver
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - T. W. Geary
- USDA-ARS Fort Keogh LARRL, Miles City, MT, United States of America
| | - J. N. Kiser
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - J. M. Galliou
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - M. L. Van Emon
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - C. M. Seabury
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, TX, United States of America
| | - T. E. Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States of America
| | - H. L. Neibergs
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Applied use of interferon-tau stimulated genes expression in polymorphonuclear cells to detect pregnancy compared to other early predictors in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2020; 152:94-105. [PMID: 32387553 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Interferon-tau stimulated genes (ISG) abundance in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) on D20 after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI; D0) as a pregnancy diagnosis method against CL evaluation by Doppler ultrasonography and progesterone (P4) concentrations on D20, as well as Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins (PAG) concentrations on D25. Additionally, we evaluated the potential of ISG abundance in PMNs as pregnancy loss predictors. Nelore heifers (n = 103) and cows (n = 144) underwent estrous synchronization and were artificially inseminated on D0. Pregnancy was diagnosed by B-mode ultrasonography on D30 and D70, and after the final diagnosis, females were classified in four groups: Pregnant; Non-pregnant; Functional CL on D20 but non-pregnant (CL-NP) and Pregnancy loss between D30 and D70 (PL). After determining cutoff values, the Sensitivity (SE), Specificity (SP), Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and Accuracy (ACC) were determined for each method. All methods were classified as significant (P < 0.05) predictors of pregnancy. Both ISG expression and PAG concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in pregnant females than in non-pregnant and CL-NP females but did not differ (P > 0.05) from the PL group. ISG15 expression was greater (P < 0.05) in heifers than in cows, but this difference was not found in OAS1 expression and PAG concentrations. All the methods evaluated were proven to be adequate predictors of pregnancy, but greater accuracies were obtained through PAG concentrations and Doppler-US, due to the decreased number of false positive and false negative results.
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21
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Gershoni M, Ezra E, Weller JI. Genetic and genomic analysis of long insemination interval in Israeli dairy cattle as an indicator of early abortions. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4495-4509. [PMID: 32113774 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the causes of observed low fertility is embryo loss after fertilization. Previous findings suggested that more than half of fertilizations result in embryo loss before pregnancy is detected. We proposed reinsemination between 49 and 100 d after the first insemination as an indicator trait for early abortion (EA) in dairy cattle based on the mean estrus interval of 21 d. This trait was compared with conception rate from first insemination and conception status, computed as the inverse of the number of inseminations to conception. Animal model variance components were estimated by REML, including parents and grandparents of cows with records. First-parity heritability for first insemination conception rate was 3%. In the multitrait analysis of parities 1 to 3 for putative EA, heritabilities ranged from 8.9% for first parity to 10.4% for second parity. All genetic correlations were >0.9, whereas all environmental correlations were <0.12. The variance component for the service sire effect for putative EA rate was less than half the variance component for conception rate. Thus, genetic control of the 2 traits is clearly different, and analysis of EA rate by a single-trait animal model is justified. Genetic evaluation for putative EA was computed using this model, including all first- through third-parity cows with freshening dates from January 1, 1985, through December 31, 2016, that either became pregnant on first insemination or were reinseminated between 49 and 100 d after the first insemination. All known parents and grandparents of cows with records were included in the analysis. The regression of the breeding value for non-abortion rate on the cows' birth year was 0.083%/yr. The genetic correlation between first-parity EA and conception status was 0.995. The genetic correlations between first-parity EA and milk, fat, and protein production were all negative, whereas the genetic correlation between EA and herd life was 0.33. Inclusion of putative EA in the selection index instead of conception status resulted in 10 to 20% greater genetic gain for both fertility traits. In a genome-wide association study based on 1,200 dairy bulls with reliabilities >50% for abortion rate genotyped for 41,000 markers, 6 markers were found with nominal probabilities of <10-12 to reject the null hypothesis of no effect on EA rate. The markers with the lowest probabilities for EA rate were also included among the markers with the lowest probabilities for female fertility, but not vice versa. The marker explaining the most variance for abortion rate is located within the ABCA9 gene, which is found within an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) genes cluster. The ABC family is the major class of primary active transporters in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Gershoni
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Ephraim Ezra
- Israeli Cattle Breeders Association, Caesarea Industrial Park 3088900, Israel
| | - Joel Ira Weller
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Israeli Cattle Breeders Association, Caesarea Industrial Park 3088900, Israel.
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22
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Early pregnancy diagnoses based on physiological indexes of dairy cattle: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2205-2212. [PMID: 32020411 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
With the development of standardization and scaling in the dairy farming industry, timely and accurate pregnancy diagnosis is required to improve the benefits of breeding by shortening the calving interval. However, the current pregnancy diagnostic methods cannot meet the requirements of the industry. Here, we review changes in the physiological indexes and in the function and morphological status of the reproductive organs of dairy cows at the early stages of pregnancy. In addition, the corresponding pregnancy diagnostic methods based on certain indexes are well development, and the pregnancy diagnostic approaches based on remote sensing and automation technology have become inevitable trends in the industry. These applications will reveal physiological regularities in pregnancy and benefit the detailed management of dairy cows during early pregnancy.
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23
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Drews B, Landaverde LF, Kühl A, Drews U. Spontaneous embryo resorption in the mouse is triggered by embryonic apoptosis followed by rapid removal via maternal sterile purulent inflammation. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 20:1. [PMID: 31918653 PMCID: PMC6953269 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background In normal mammalian development a high percentage of implantations is lost by spontaneous resorption. This is a major problem in assisted reproduction and blastocyst transfer. Which embryo will be resorbed is unpredictable. Resorption is very fast, so that with conventional methods only final haemorrhagic stages are encountered. Here we describe the histology and immunohistochemistry of 23 spontaneous embryo resorptions between days 7 and 13 of murine development, which were identified by high-resolution ultrasound (US) in a previous study. Results In the early resorptions detected at day 7, the embryo proper was replaced by maternal haemorrhage and a suppurate focus of maternal neutrophils. In the decidua maternal macrophages transformed to foam cells and formed a second focus of tissue dissolution. In the late resorptions detected at day 9, the embryo underwent apoptosis without involvement of maternal cells. The apoptotic embryonic cells expressed caspase 3 and embryonic blood cells developed a macrophage like phenotype. Subsequently, the wall of the embryonic vesicle ruptured and the apoptotic embryo was aborted into the uterine lumen. Abortion was initiated by degeneration of the embryonic lacunar trophoblast and dissolution of the maternal decidua capsularis via sterile inflammation and accompanied by maternal haemorrhage, invasion of the apoptotic embryo by maternal neutrophils, and contraction rings of the uterine muscle layers. Conclusions We conclude that spontaneous resorption starts with endogenous apoptosis of the embryo without maternal contribution. After break down of the foetal-maternal border, the apoptotic embryo is invaded by maternal neutrophils, aborted into the uterine lumen, and rapidly resorbed. We assume that the innate maternal unspecific inflammation is elicited by disintegrating apoptotic embryonic cells. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Drews
- Group Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Departement Environmental System Science, Swiss Federal Institue of Technology (ETH),, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Luis Flores Landaverde
- Group Reproduction Management, Institute of Zoo- and Wildlife Medicine (IZW), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Kühl
- Core Unit Immunopathology (ipath), Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Drews
- Institute of Anatomy, Prof. em., University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
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Bekara MEA, Bareille N. Quantification by simulation of the effect of herd management practices and cow fertility on the reproductive and economic performance of Holstein dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9435-9457. [PMID: 31421872 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The performance of dairy herds is affected mainly by factors related to cows' characteristics and herd management practices. However, these factors are interrelated, and as such, the estimation of their individual effect on the performance of dairy herds remains difficult. The aim of this study was to estimate the weight of these factors as well the interactions between them on the reproductive and economic performance of dairy farms. A stochastic dynamic model was used to simulate most physiological and management processes occurring on a dairy farm. A herd of 60 Holstein cows, with a milk yield of 8,000 L/cow-year, representative of French Holstein dairy herds, was simulated. A total of 216 scenarios were run by combining 2 levels of postpartum cyclicity resumption (average: 45 d, high: 75 d), 3 levels of 21-d conception rate of the herd (i.e., proportion of cows pregnant 21 d after insemination; low: 25%, average: 45%, high: 70%), 3 levels of probability of pregnancy loss until 120 d (low: 3%, average: 15%, high: 43%), 3 levels of sensitivity of estrus detection by the farmer (low: 20%, average: 50%, high: 90%), 2 alternative managerial goals (constant number of cows or constant volume of milk sold), and 2 types of management for the sale and purchase of animals (closed or open herd). The effect of each factor was estimated by sensitivity analysis. The parameter that had the greatest effect on reproductive performance was the sensitivity of estrus detection: a 10-percentage-point increase between the low and average levels and between the average and high levels reduced the calving interval by 16 and 5.7 d, respectively. However, the factor that had the greatest effect on economic performance was the 21-d conception rate: a 10-percentage-point increase between the low and average levels and between the average and high levels increased the gross margin by €62.2 and €22.3/cow-year, respectively. The pregnancy loss until 120 d had an effect on economic performance: an increase of 1 percentage point of this parameter decreased the gross margin by €2/cow-year. The other factors studied, and their interactions, did not have a major effect (low value of sensitivity indices). Closed herds or farms with a constant number of cows had economic losses of €58/cow-year compared with open herds or to farms with constant volume of milk sold. Altogether, our data suggest that, in a typical French dairy farm, farmers' efforts on estrus detection will be more profitable when associated with improvement of the conception rate of the cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E A Bekara
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, La Chantrerie, 44307 Nantes, France; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, 02000 Chlef, Algeria.
| | - N Bareille
- BIOEPAR, INRA, Oniris, La Chantrerie, 44307 Nantes, France
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25
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Szelényi Z, Győri D, Boldizsár S, Kovács L, Répási A, Molnár L, Szenci O. Pregnancy and stillbirth losses in dairy cows with singleton and twin pregnancies. Acta Vet Hung 2019; 67:115-126. [PMID: 30922099 DOI: 10.1556/004.2019.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of twin pregnancy, fetal laterality, the number of corpora lutea (CL) and cavitary CL on pregnancy losses in Holstein-Friesian cows with a positive pregnancy diagnosis based on ultrasonography between days 29-42 after AI. Pregnancy was confirmed by transrectal palpation between days 57-70 after AI and at the time of drying-off as well. Twin pregnancy rate was 8.4% at the time of the early pregnancy examination. Pregnancy loss did not differ between singleton- and twin-carrying animals either between days 57-70 of gestation or at drying-off. More losses occurred in singletons between days 29-42 and 57-70 in cows with cavitary than in cows with noncavitary CL (12.1% vs. 3.6%; P < 0.05) and in cows with double CL than in cows with single CL (7.3% vs. 3.6% %; P < 0.05). Between days 57-70 of gestation and drying-off this difference was still significant (20.7% vs. 3.7%; P < 0.001), while it was non-significant between cows with one CL (5.7%) vs. double CL (3.7%). Cavity occurrence was not affected by hormone therapy prior to AI (either PGF2α or OvSynch; 4.4% vs. 5.4%, respectively); however, the number of CL was reduced by the treatments (11.6 vs. 19.6%; P < 0.0005). In twin pregnancies there was no difference in the pregnancy losses between bilateral and unilateral pregnancies at any time point. The length of gestation was 278.2 ± 10.5 (singleton) and 267.4 ± 31.2 (twin) days, respectively (P < 0.01). The stillbirth ratio was higher in twin carriers than in singleton carriers (19.5% vs. 5.3%; P < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szelényi
- 1 Department and Clinic for Production Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-2225 Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
- 2 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Győri
- 2 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Boldizsár
- 2 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
| | - Levente Kovács
- 2 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
- 3 Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Attila Répási
- 2 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
| | - László Molnár
- 2 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
| | - Ottó Szenci
- 1 Department and Clinic for Production Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, H-2225 Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
- 2 MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
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26
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Cooke RF. Early career achievement award: supplementing omega-6 fatty acids to enhance early embryonic development and pregnancy establishment in Bos indicus and B. taurus beef cows. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:485-495. [PMID: 30351357 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our research group investigated the impacts of supplementing Ca salts of soybean oil (CSSO), a source of omega-6 fatty acids (FAs), on reproductive performance of beef cows. Initial studies were conducted with Nelore (Bos indicus) cows grazing tropical pastures. Cows were assigned to fixed-time artificial insemination (AI) and supplemented or not with 100 g/d (as-fed basis) of CSSO, and supplementation regimens ranged from days -11 to 28 relative to AI. Overall, CSSO supplementation during the 21 d after AI increased (P < 0.01) pregnancy rates from 38.1% (623/1,635 as pregnant/total nonsupplemented cows) to 49.0% (843/1,720 as pregnant/total CSSO-supplemented cows), and these outcomes were associated with enhanced early embryonic development and pregnancy establishment when omega-6 FA were supplemented. To verify this rationale, our group compared FA incorporation in grazing Nelore cows (n = 90) supplemented or not with CSSO (100 g/d; as-fed basis) beginning at fixed-time AI until slaughter at day 19 of gestation. Supplementing CSSO increased (P ≤ 0.05) incorporation of linoleic acid and its omega-6 derivatives in plasma, endometrium, corpus luteum, and conceptus, whereas the same responses were not observed (P ≥ 0.25) for omega-3 FA. Complementing these findings, grazing Nelore cows (n = 100) were supplemented or not with CSSO (100 g/d; as-fed basis) beginning at fixed-time AI, and assigned to transcervical uterine flush on day 15 of gestation. Supplementing CSSO increased (P ≤ 0.04) conceptus length (2.58 vs. 1.15 cm) and mRNA expression of interferon-tau (4.1-fold increase) and prostaglandin E synthase 2 (2.6-fold increase), which are critical regulators of pregnancy establishment. These outcomes were recently replicated in B. taurus beef cows consuming temperate forages. Pregnancy rates were greater (P = 0.01) in Angus cows receiving CSSO (100 g/d; as-fed basis) for 21 d after fixed-time AI (60.2%; 226/383 as pregnant/total cows) compared with nonsupplemented cows (51.7%; 193/388 as pregnant/total cows). Supplementing CSSO to Angus × Hereford cows (n = 96) beginning after AI also increased (P = 0.05) mRNA expression of interferon-tau in day 15 conceptuses (1.8-fold increase). Collectively, our research demonstrated that post-AI CSSO supplementation favors incorporation of omega-6 FA into maternal and embryonic tissues, which enhances interferon-tau synthesis by the conceptus and increases pregnancy rates to fixed-time AI in B. indicus and B. taurus beef cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia/Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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27
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Niles AM, Fricke HP, Carvalho PD, Wiltbank MC, Hernandez LL, Fricke PM. Effect of treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin 7 days after artificial insemination or at the time of embryo transfer on reproductive outcomes in nulliparous Holstein heifers. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2593-2606. [PMID: 30692012 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to assess the effect of treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 7 d after artificial insemination (AI) or at the time of in vitro-fertilized (IVF) embryo transfer on reproductive outcomes, including progesterone (P4), interferon-tau stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB), and pregnancies per AI (P/AI) or pregnancies per embryo transfer (P/ET), in nulliparous Holstein heifers. Heifers in experiment 1 were randomly assigned to receive no treatment (control; n = 129) or 2,000 IU of hCG 7 d after AI to a detected estrus (estrus = experimental d 0; hCG; n = 132). Heifers in experiment 2 were randomly assigned to receive no treatment (control; n = 143) or 2,000 IU of hCG (hCG; n = 148) at transfer of an IVF embryo 7 d after the last GnRH treatment of a 5-d controlled internal drug release-synch protocol (last GnRH = experimental d 0). Blood samples were collected from a subgroup of heifers (experiment 1, n = 82; experiment 2, n = 104) at d 7, 11, 18, 20, 25, 28, and 32, and blood samples from heifers diagnosed pregnant were collected on d 35, 39, 46, 53, 60, and 67. Blood samples were assayed for P4 by RIA and for PSPB by ELISA, and expression of ISG15 was assessed in mRNA isolated from blood leukocytes on d 18 and 20. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and logistic regression using the MIXED and GLIMMIX procedures. In both experiments, treatment with hCG increased P4 concentrations from d 11 to 32; however, treatment did not affect P/AI or P/ET at d 32 or 67, PSPB concentrations from d 11 to 67 of pregnancy, or relative ISG15 mRNA concentrations on d 18 or 20. Heifers diagnosed not pregnant at d 32 in experiment 2 with an extended luteal phase (>20 d) and treated with hCG had greater relative ISG15 mRNA concentrations on d 20 than control heifers. Treatment with hCG did not affect pregnancy loss in experiment 1, whereas heifers treated with hCG at the time of IVF embryo transfer had fewer pregnancy losses from d 32 to 67 than control heifers. We concluded that treatment with 2,000 IU of hCG 7 d after AI or at the time of embryo transfer increased P4 concentrations without affecting P/AI or P/ET in nulliparous Holstein heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Niles
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - H P Fricke
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - P D Carvalho
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - M C Wiltbank
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - L L Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - P M Fricke
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.
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28
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Yamamoto N, Nishimura R, Gunji Y, Saneshige M, Kiriki K, Hishinuma M. Effect of post artificial insemination treatment with two different progesterone intravaginal devices on conception and synchronization of the returning estrus in Japanese Black cows. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1822-1828. [PMID: 30333378 PMCID: PMC6305516 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of post artificial insemination
(AI) treatment with intravaginal progesterone device (P4 device) on conception rate,
synchronization of returning estrus and plasma P4 concentration in Japanese Black cows.
Nineteen cows were treated with DIB (1.0 g P4) from Day 12 to 19 (Day 0=day of the first
AI), 27 cows were treated with a CIDR (1.9 g P4) from Day 12 to 19, and 33 cows were not
treated after the first AI (control). Estrous behavior was daily examined between Day 20
and 25, and cows returning to estrus were inseminated (the second AI). On Day 19, plasma
P4 concentration was not different among DIB, CIDR and control groups. There was no
significant difference in conception rate after the first AI among three groups (DIB:
63.2%, CIDR: 66.7% and control: 72.7%). In non-pregnant cows, there was no significant
difference in the proportion of cows showed returning estrus between Day 20 and 25 (DIB:
57.1%, CIDR: 22.2% and control: 44.4%), and day of returning estrus was not synchronized.
The overall conception rate after the first and second AI was not different among the
groups. In conclusion, post-AI treatment with intravaginal devices containing 1.0 and 1.9
g P4 from Day 12 to 19 neither increased plasma P4 concentration nor improved fertility
and synchronization of the returning estrus in Japanese Black cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.,NOSAI Shimane, 105 Tonomachi, Matsue, Shimane 690-0887, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishimura
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yosuke Gunji
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | | | - Kensuke Kiriki
- Miyazaki Prefecture Hokubu NOSAI, 1524-2 Yoshino, Nobeoka, Miyazaki 882-0072, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Hishinuma
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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29
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Brandão AP, Cooke RF, Schubach KM, Marques RS, Bohnert DW, Carvalho RS, Dias NW, Timlin CL, Clark-Deener S, Currin JF, Jump DB, Pohler KG, Cerri RLA, Mercadante VRG. Supplementing Ca salts of soybean oil after artificial insemination increases pregnancy success in Bos taurus beef cows. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2838-2850. [PMID: 29688495 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments investigated the effects of supplementing Ca salts of soybean oil (CSSO) during early gestation on reproductive function and pregnancy rates to AI in Bos taurus beef cows. In Exp. 1, 771 suckled, lactating, multiparous Angus cows were divided into 22 groups of approximately 35 cows per group and timed inseminated on day 0. After AI, groups were assigned randomly to receive (as-fed basis) 100 g of ground corn + 100 g of soybean meal per cow/d, in addition to 1) 100 g/cow daily of CSSO (n = 11) or 2) 87 g of prilled saturated fat + 13 g of limestone per cow/d (CON; n = 11). Groups were maintained in individual tall fescue-dominated pastures and offered treatments from day 0 to 21. Pregnancy status was determined between days 45 and 55 via transrectal ultrasonography. Cows receiving CSSO had greater (P = 0.01) pregnancy rates to timed AI compared with CON (60.2 vs. 51.7%; SEM = 4.2). In Exp. 2, 90 suckled, lactating, multiparous Angus × Hereford cows housed in 18 drylot pens (5 cows per pen) were assigned to the same timed AI program and treatments from Exp. 1 (9 pens per treatment) and received 20 kg/d (DM basis) of grass-alfalfa hay. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed to verify ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) volume before AI (day 0), on days 7 and 15. After ultrasonography on day 15, cows diagnosed without a CL on day 0, but with a CL greater than 0.38 cm3 in volume on days 7 and 15 (2 or 3 cows per pen; CSSO, n = 20; CON, n = 24), were assigned to conceptus collection via transcervical flushing and endometrial biopsy in the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL. Blood samples were collected for FA analysis on days 0, 7, and 15. Blood was collected from cows not assigned to conceptus collection for whole-blood RNA extraction on day 20 and for pregnancy diagnosis on day 30 by measuring concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins. Cows receiving CSSO had greater (P ≤ 0.04) mean plasma concentrations of linoleic acid and ω-6 FA compared with CON on days 7 and 15. Moreover, CSSO supplementation increased (P = 0.05) mRNA expression of interferon-tau by the conceptus and blood mRNA expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 and 20,50-oligoadenylate synthetase on day 20 in gestating cows. Hence, post-AI CSSO supplementation to B. taurus beef cows improved pregnancy rates to timed AI, which can be associated with increased mRNA expression of interferon-tau by the conceptus when CSSO is supplemented during early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice P Brandão
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kelsey M Schubach
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR
| | - Rodrigo S Marques
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR
| | - David W Bohnert
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns, OR
| | - Rafael S Carvalho
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicholas W Dias
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Claire L Timlin
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Sherrie Clark-Deener
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - John F Currin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Donald B Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Ronaldo L A Cerri
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vitor R G Mercadante
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
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30
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Non-infectious causes that increase early and mid-to-late pregnancy loss rates in a crossbreed dairy herd. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:759-765. [PMID: 30415306 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
High reproductive performance is an element factor for profitability in dairy herds; although, pregnancy loss of non-infectious nature during early and mid-to-late embryonic period is increasing in dairy cattle. Based on that, the present study aimed to determine the incidence of pregnancy loss before and after 60 days of insemination, and to identify some non-infectious causes that could enhance it. The herd was composed by 600 crossbred dairy cows and those with a corpus luteum (CL) were treated with prostaglandinF2α, then inseminated, on the other hand, those without a CL were submitted to a timed artificial insemination protocol (TAI). Pregnancy losses rates were analyzed by logistic regression by SAS, and differences were considered significant when P < 0.05. The overall pregnancy loss and mid-to-late pregnancy loss were not affected by animal category (P > 0.05); although, early pregnancy loss was higher in cows than in heifers (11.90 vs. 3.39%). The early pregnancy loss was higher in those cows that calved on spring/summer when compared to those calved on fall/winter (9.22% vs. 16.11%), moreover, those inseminated during spring/summer tended to have higher early pregnancy loss when compared to those inseminated on fall/winter (13.35% vs. 8.57%). In conclusion, when some of non-infectious causes were evaluated, it was observed that cows that calved on spring/summer had higher pregnancy loss. At this point, strategies should be developing to minimize pregnancy loss in dairy herds, as it could be considered an important reproductive problem.
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Extent and pattern of pregnancy losses and progesterone levels during gestation in Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein dairy cows. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:68. [PMID: 30376885 PMCID: PMC6208093 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy loss is a major source of infertility in dairy cows. Despite a fertilization rate after insemination (AI) of approximately 90%, calving rates are 30%–50%, indicating the occurrence of extensive embryonic and foetal losses. The aim of this study was to establish the extent and pattern of embryonic and foetal loss in Swedish Red (SR) and Swedish Holstein (SH) dairy cows, as well as, the relationship to oestrus intensity (OI) and progesterone (P4) concentration. In total, 2130 AIs and 16,176 milk P4 samples from 359 SR and 212 SH dairy cows were included in the study. Pregnancy losses were estimated using data from P4 values combined with AI information and calving data. Results Total pregnancy loss from AI to the day of calving was 65%. Early embryonic loss, late embryonic loss and foetal loss were estimated to be 29, 14 and 13%, respectively. There is strong evidence in the literature that P4 concentrations at different time points are associated with pregnancy loss. In the present study, cows with pregnancy losses had significantly higher P4 levels at the day of AI and significantly lower P4 concentration at days 10, 21 and 30 after AI compared to pregnant cows. Swedish Red cows had significantly lower total pregnancy losses compared to SH cows (62% and 68% respectively, P = 0.017). Early embryonic loss was 6.7% points lower for cows inseminated at a stronger OI (OI = 3) compared to at a weaker OI (OI = 2, P = 0.006). Cows inseminated at ovulation number ≥ 5 had significantly lower early pregnancy losses compared to cows inseminated at first or second ovulation (11.5 and 8% points, respectively, P < 0.05). With an increase of one SD of milk (448 kg ECM) during the first 60 days in milk, early embryonic loss increased by 4.7% points (P = 0.006). Conclusions It is important to increase the number of cows calving per insemination by reducing embryo/foetal loss. This outcome can be achieved by management and breeding for optimal P4 levels at critical time points, and by considering oestrus expression in the breeding programmes to facilitate the correct timing of insemination.
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TRIPATHI MK, MONDAL S, MOR A, REDDY IJ. Effect of oxytocin on in vitro prostaglandin production and expression of PGFS and PGES mRNAs in buffalo corpus luteum. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i10.84082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of various doses of oxytocin on in vitro PGF2α and PGE2 production and expression profiling of PGFS and PGES mRNA in buffalo CL. Buffalo ovaries with mid-luteal phase CL were collected from the abattoir and CL was separated from surrounding tissues, chopped, rinsed with HBSS medium supplemented with gentamicin and BSA and incubated at 37°C for 1 h in HBSS containing collagenase. The cell suspension following filtration was treated with increasing doses of oxytocin (1, 10, 102, 103 and 104 ng/ml) and cultured at 38.5ºC, 5% CO2 level for 24 h. The production of PGF2α and PGE2 were not significantly different among different treatment groups as compared to control. The expression of PGES and PGFS mRNAs were not significantly different among different treatment groups as compared to control. It can be concluded that oxytocin may not directly stimulate PGF2α and PGE2 production in mid-luteal stage buffalo corpus luteum.
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Abstract
This manuscript describes the different topics I have been involved in the fields of reproductive
physiology and embryo biotechnologies with attempts to address practical issues raised
mainly by the breeding industry. The journey started with phenotyping work in the field of
reproductive physio-pathology. Other issues were related to the optimization of reproductive
biotechnologies to favorize genetic selection. The implementation of genomic selection
raised opportunities to develop the use embryo biotechnologies and showed the interest of
combining them in the case of embryo genotyping. There is still a need to refine phenotyping
for reproductive traits especially for the identification of markers of uterine dysfunction.
It is believed that new knowledge generated by combining different molecular approaches
will be the source of applications that may benefit AI practice and embryo technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Humblot
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden
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Bragança GM, Monteiro BM, Albuquerque RDS, de Souza DC, Campello CC, Zimmerman SO, Melo WDO, Teixeira PPM, Filho JDR, Viana RB. Using pregnancy-associated glycoproteins to provide early pregnancy diagnosis in Nelore cows. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Verma AK, Mahla AS, Chaudhari RK, Singh AK, Khatti A, Singh SK, Dutta N, Singh G, Sarkar M, Kumar H, Yadav D, Krishnaswamy N. Effect of different levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids rich fish oil supplementation on the ovarian and endometrial functions in the goat (Capra hircus). Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 195:153-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Romero JJ, Liebig BE, Broeckling CD, Prenni JE, Hansen TR. Pregnancy-induced changes in metabolome and proteome in ovine uterine flushings. Biol Reprod 2018; 97:273-287. [PMID: 29044433 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) approaches were used herein to identify metabolites and proteins in uterine flushings (UF) that may contribute to nourishing the conceptus. Ovine uteri collected on Day 12 of the estrous cycle (n = 5 ewes exposed to vasectomized ram) or Days 12 (n = 4), 14 (n = 5), or 16 (n = 5) of pregnancy (bred with fertile ram) were flushed using buffered saline. Metabolites were extracted using 80% methanol and profiled using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry. The proteome was examined by digestion with trypsin, followed by the analysis of peptides with LC-MS/MS. Metabolite profiling detected 8510 molecular features of which 9 were detected only in UF from Day 14-16 pregnant ewes that function in fatty acid transport (carnitines), hormone synthesis (androstenedione like), and availability of nutrients (valine). Proteome analysis detected 783 proteins present by Days 14-16 of pregnancy in UF, 7 of which are as follows: annexin (ANX) A1, A2, and A5; calcium-binding protein (S100A11); profilin 1; trophoblast kunitz domain protein 1 (TKDP); and interferon tau (IFNT). These proteins function in endocytosis, exocytosis, calcium signaling, and inhibition of prostaglandins (annexins and S100A11); protecting against maternal proteases (TKDP); remodeling cytoskeleton (profilin 1); and altering uterine release of prostaglandin F2 alpha as well as inducing IFNT-stimulated genes in the endometrium and the corpus luteum (IFNT). Identifying metabolites and proteins produced by the uterus and conceptus advances our understanding of embryo/maternal signaling and provides insights into possible the causes of reproductive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared J Romero
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bethany E Liebig
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Corey D Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Horticulture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica E Prenni
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas R Hansen
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Sakumoto R, Iga K, Hayashi KG, Fujii S, Kanahara H, Hosoe M, Furusawa T. Gene expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 in peripheral blood leukocytes during early pregnancy in cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:46. [PMID: 29946459 PMCID: PMC6008911 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate CCL8 and CXCL10 expression and its regulatory mechanism in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) at the time of maternal recognition in cows. Blood samples were collected on 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 d after artificial insemination (AI). Based on the day of return of estrus, cows were divided into three groups, pregnant (n = 5), early embryonic mortality (EEM; n = 5) and late embryonic mortality (LEM; n = 5). The gene expression levels in PBLs were assessed with quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. Results The expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA in PBLs gradually increased from 14 to 18 d of pregnant cows and significant differences were observed on 18 d (P < 0.05), whereas no significant changes were observed both in EEM and LEM cows. Interferon-stimulated protein 15 kDa (ISG15), myxovirus-resistance gene (MX) 1 and MX2 mRNA expression in PBLs increased from 14 to 18 d which was significant on 18 d of pregnant cows as well as in LEM cows (P < 0.05), but no changes were observed in EEM cows. To determine whether the expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 in PBLs was regulated by pregnancy-related substances or not, expression level was assessed after exposure to interferon-τ (IFNT) and CCL16. Monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes were obtained using density-gradient centrifugation and flow cytometry. The addition of IFNT (100 ng/mL) and CCL16 (100 ng/mL) to cultured PBLs increased the expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA (P < 0.05). The expression of ISG15, MX1 and MX2 mRNA in PBLs was also stimulated by IFNT and CCL16 (P < 0.05). Conclusions The expression of CCL8 and CXCL10 genes increased in PBLs during early pregnancy. Since IFNT stimulated CCL8 and CXCL10 expression in cultured PBLs, the increase of CCL8 and CXCL10 might be pregnancy-dependent events. The expression of both CCL8 and CXCL10 in PBLs was stimulated by CCL16 as well as IFNT, suggesting a chemokine interaction that at least includes CCL8, CXCL10 and CCL16, and may play a role in regulating maternal recognition in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sakumoto
- 1Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, 305-0901 Japan
| | - Kosuke Iga
- 2Division of Livestock and Forage Research, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Morioka, 020-0198 Japan
| | - Ken-Go Hayashi
- 1Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, 305-0901 Japan
| | - Shiori Fujii
- 1Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, 305-0901 Japan
| | - Hiroko Kanahara
- 1Division of Animal Breeding and Reproduction Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, 305-0901 Japan
| | - Misa Hosoe
- 3Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
| | - Tadashi Furusawa
- 3Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Ibaraki, 305-8602 Japan
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Gatea AO, Smith MF, Pohler KG, Egen T, Pereira MHC, Vasconselos JLM, Lawrence JC, Green JA. The ability to predict pregnancy loss in cattle with ELISAs that detect pregnancy associated glycoproteins is antibody dependent. Theriogenology 2017; 108:269-276. [PMID: 29275034 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of circulating pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGs) early in pregnancy may serve as markers to predict late embryonic mortality or fetal mortality in cattle. In this study, pregnancies were established in dairy cows, by either fixed-time AI (FTAI) or fixed-time embryo transfer (FTET) with in vitro produced embryos. Circulating PAGs were measured with different combinations of antibodies in either a laboratory-based ELISA or a commercial ELISA. For the in-house ELISA, three monoclonal 'trapping' antibodies (A6, J2, and L4) and two polyclonal 'detection' antisera (antibodies F2 or 45) were used to quantify PAGs in serum from the same cows. The different assays were identified as follows: 'Mix-45' (A6, J2, and L4 with 45), 'Mix-F2' (A6, J2, and L4 with F2), and 'L4-F2': (L4 with F2); the commercial assay was from IDEXX. Ovulation was synchronized and FTAI or FTET was performed on day 0 or 7, respectively. Ultrasound-based diagnosis of pregnancy and serum collections occurred on day 30. The proportion of cows that subsequently experienced pregnancy loss between days 30 and 60 was 23% (43 of 183) and 16% (21 of 131) for the FTAI or FTET groups, respectively. In the FTAI group, mean serum concentration of PAGs detected with Mix-45 was higher in cows that maintained pregnancy (9.2 ± 0.4 ng/ml; mean ± SEM) compared with cows that experienced pregnancy failure (3.9 ± 0.6 ng/ml) between day 30-60 (P < .001). However, there was no difference (P > .69) in circulating concentrations of PAGs between cows that experienced loss or survival between days 30 and 60 when Mix-F2 or L4-F2 were used in an in-house ELISA. Likewise, a commercial assay also did not result in measurable differences in PAG concentrations between those animals that experienced loss or survival. Following FTET, circulating concentrations of PAGs on day 30 were lower (P < .001) in cows that experienced pregnancy failure compared to cows that maintained pregnancy when the Mix-45 and the commercial assay were used, but not with the other antibody combinations. A receiver operating characteristic curve showed that only the Mix-45 antibody combination was predictive (95% accuracy) of pregnancy loss but not the other antibody combinations following FTAI. However, both Mix-45 and the commercial assay were predictive of losses following FTET. In summary, although multiple PAG assay formats have been shown to accurately detect pregnancy, the ability to predict embryo survival during early gestation appears to be antibody dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Gatea
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michael F Smith
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tina Egen
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Marcos H C Pereira
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José L M Vasconselos
- Departamento de Produção Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jonathan A Green
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Effects of melengestrol acetate supplementation after fixed-timed artificial insemination on pregnancy rates of Bos indicus beef cows. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kubo T, Iga K, Fukuju N, Kizaki K, Osawa T, Izaike Y, Takahashi T. Different prostaglandin F2
α
secretion in response to oxytocin injection between pregnant and non-pregnant cows: effect of the day of oxytocin challenge test for determining the difference. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:332-339. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kubo
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Kosuke Iga
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO); Morioka Iwate Japan
| | - Naoki Fukuju
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center; National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO); Morioka Iwate Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kizaki
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka Iwate Japan
| | - Takeshi Osawa
- Faculty of Agriculture; Miyazaki University; Miyazaki Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Izaike
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka Iwate Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture; Iwate University; Morioka Iwate Japan
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Carvalho AV, Canon E, Jouneau L, Archilla C, Laffont L, Moroldo M, Ruffini S, Corbin E, Mermillod P, Duranthon V. Different co-culture systems have the same impact on bovine embryo transcriptome. Reproduction 2017; 154:695-710. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
During the last few years, several co-culture systems using either BOEC or VERO feeder cells have been developed to improve bovine embryo development and these systems give better results at high oxygen concentration (20%). In parallel, the SOF medium, used at 5% O2, has been developed to mimic the oviduct fluid. Since 2010s, the SOF medium has become popular in improving bovine embryo development and authors have started to associate this medium to co-culture systems. Nevertheless, little is known about the putative benefit of this association on early development. To address this question, we have compared embryo transcriptomes in four different culture conditions: SOF with BOEC or VERO at 20% O2, and SOF without feeders at 5% or 20% O2. Embryos have been analyzed at 16-cell and blastocyst stages. Co-culture systems did not improve the developmental rate when compared to 5% O2. Direct comparison of the two co-culture systems failed to highlight major differences in embryo transcriptome at both developmental stages. Both feeder cell types appear to regulate the same cytokines and growth factors pathways, and thus to influence embryo physiology in the same way. In blastocysts, when compared to culture in SOF at 5% O2, BOEC or VERO seems to reduce cell survival and differentiation by, at least, negatively regulating STAT3 and STAT5 pathways. Collectively, in SOF medium both blastocysts rate and embryo transcriptome suggest no influence of feeder origin on bovine early development and no beneficial impact of co-culture systems when compared to 5% O2.
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Mathematical characterization of the milk progesterone profile as a leg up to individualized monitoring of reproduction status in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2017; 103:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Montes-Quiroz GL, Sánchez-Dávila F, Grizelj J, Bernal-Barragán H, Vazquez-Armijo JF, Bosque-González ASD, Luna-Palomera C, González Gómez A, Ledezma-Torres RA. The reinsertion of controlled internal drug release devices in goats does not increase the pregnancy rate after short oestrus synchronization protocol at the beginning of the breeding season. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1386109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juraj Grizelj
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hugo Bernal-Barragán
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Laboratorio de Nutrición y calidad de los alimentos, Campus de ciencias agropecuarias, General Escobedo, México
| | | | | | - Carlos Luna-Palomera
- División de Ciencias Agropecuarias 86280, Universidad Autónoma de Juárez de Tabasco, Villahermosa, México
| | - Adán González Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
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Dezetter C, Bareille N, Billon D, Côrtes C, Lechartier C, Seegers H. Changes in animal performance and profitability of Holstein dairy operations after introduction of crossbreeding with Montbéliarde, Normande, and Scandinavian Red. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8239-8264. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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McLean KJ, Crouse MS, Crosswhite MR, Black DN, Dahlen CR, Borowicz PP, Reynolds LP, Ward AK, Neville BW, Caton JS. Endogenous retroviral gene elements ( syncytin-Rum1 and BERV-K1), interferon-τ, and pregnancy associated glycoprotein-1 are differentially expressed in maternal and fetal tissues during the first 50 days of gestation in beef heifers. Transl Anim Sci 2017; 1:239-249. [PMID: 32704648 PMCID: PMC7252470 DOI: 10.2527/tas2017.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the endogenous retroviruses [ERV: syncytin-Rum1 and (BERV-K1)], and pregnancy hormones [interferon-τ (IFN-τ), and pregnancy associated glycoprotein-1 (PAG-1)] would be differentially expressed whereas progesterone and insulin concentrations in maternal blood would remain steady during early gestation. To test this hypothesis Angus crossbred heifers (n = 46; ∼15 mo of age; BW = 363 ± 35 kg) were fed native grass hay, supplemented with cracked corn to gain 0.3 kg/d, and given ad libitum access to water. All heifers were subjected to a 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR estrous synchronization protocol and AI (breeding = d 0). Ovariohysterectomies were performed on d 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, and 50 of gestation and at d 16 of the estrous cycle for non-pregnant (NP) controls. Utero-placental tissues [maternal caruncle (CAR); maternal intercaruncular endometrium (ICAR); and fetal membranes, (FM, chorion on d 16, chorioallantois on d 22 to 50)] were collected from the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (CL). Tissues were flash frozen and stored at –80°C. Expression of mRNA was evaluated using qPCR. In CAR, syncytin-Rum1 expression was greater (P < 0.01) on d 50 (81.5-fold) compared with NP controls or any other day of early pregnancy. In contrast, syncytin-Rum1 expression in I-CAR only tended (P = 0.09) to change across days of early pregnancy and did not differ (P = 0.27) in FM tissues. In CAR, the expression of BERV-K1 was not different (P > 0.79) at d 16 and 22, was intermediate at d 28, 34, and 40, and was greatest on d 50 (108-fold increase compared with NP). Expression of BERV-K1 in FM was increased (P < 0.01) on d 28, 34, and 50 compared with NP controls, but at d 40 did not differ from NP controls. The mRNA expression of IFN-τ in FM at d 22 was greater (P < 0.01) than all other days of gestation. In CAR, expression of PAG-1 increased (P < 0.001) dramatically on d 40 (20,000-fold) and d 50 (86,000-fold) compared with NP heifers (P < 0.01). In ICAR, expression of PAG-1 was greater (P < 0.05) on d 28 and 40 (fold increases of 113 and 102, respectively, compared with NP). Insulin concentrations were not different (P = 0.53) but progesterone was greater (P < 0.01) on d 16, 22, 28, 34, and 40 compared with d 50 of gestation. These data confirm differential ERV, IFN-τ, and PAG-1 gene expression during critical time points of early gestation in utero-placental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J McLean
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58102
| | - M S Crouse
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58102
| | - M R Crosswhite
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58102
| | - D N Black
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58102
| | - C R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58102
| | - P P Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58102
| | - L P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58102
| | - A K Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58102
| | - B W Neville
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter 58483
| | - J S Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58102
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Tan XW, Ji CL, Zheng LL, Zhang J, Yuan HJ, Gong S, Zhu J, Tan JH. Corticotrophin-releasing hormone and corticosterone impair development of preimplantation embryos by inducing oviductal cell apoptosis via activating the Fas system: an in vitro study. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:1583-1597. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Tan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chang-Li Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Liang-Liang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Hong-Jie Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shuai Gong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-an City 271018, Shandong Province, PR China
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Fosgate GT, Motimele B, Ganswindt A, Irons PC. A Bayesian latent class model to estimate the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography and laboratory detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in dairy cows. Prev Vet Med 2017; 145:100-109. [PMID: 28903866 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of pregnancy is an essential component of an effective reproductive management plan for dairy cattle. Indirect methods of pregnancy detection can be performed soon after breeding and offer an advantage over traditional direct methods in not requiring an experienced veterinarian and having potential for automation. The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) detection ELISA and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in dairy cows of South Africa using a Bayesian latent class approach. Commercial dairy cattle from the five important dairy regions in South Africa were enrolled in a short-term prospective cohort study. Cattle were examined at 28-35days after artificial insemination (AI) and then followed up 14days later. At both sampling times, TRUS was performed to detect pregnancy and commercially available PAG detection ELISAs were performed on collected serum and milk. A total of 1236 cows were sampled and 1006 had complete test information for use in the Bayesian latent class model. The estimated sensitivity (95% probability interval) and specificity for PAG detection serum ELISA were 99.4% (98.5, 99.9) and 97.4% (94.7, 99.2), respectively. The estimated sensitivity and specificity for PAG detection milk ELISA were 99.2% (98.2, 99.8) and 93.4% (89.7, 96.1), respectively. Sensitivity of veterinarian performed TRUS at 28-35days post-AI varied between 77.8% and 90.5% and specificity varied between 94.7% and 99.8%. In summary, indirect detection of pregnancy using PAG ELISA is an accurate method for use in dairy cattle. The method is descriptively more sensitive than veterinarian-performed TRUS and therefore could be an economically viable addition to a reproductive management plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Fosgate
- University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Production Animal Studies, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
| | - B Motimele
- University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Production Animal Studies, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production Institute, Irene 0062, South Africa
| | - A Ganswindt
- University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Endocrine Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - P C Irons
- University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Production Animal Studies, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Murdoch University, College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
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Cipriano RS, Cooke RF, Rodrigues AD, Silva LGT, Bohnert DW, Marques RS, Vasconcelos JLM, Pires AV, Cerri RLA. Post-artificial insemination supplementation with calcium salts of soybean oil influences pregnancy establishment factors in beef cows. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:4892-4902. [PMID: 27898968 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to compare hormonal, uterine, and conceptus factors associated with pregnancy establishment in beef cows supplemented or not with Ca salts of soybean oil (CSSO) for 21 d beginning after timed AI. One hundred lactating multiparous Nelore cows were allocated to 20 groups of 5 cows/group and timed inseminated on d 0 of the experiment. After AI, groups were randomly assigned to receive (as-fed basis) 100 g of protein-mineral mix + 100 g of ground corn per cow per day, in addition to 1) 100 g/cow daily of CSSO ( = 10) or 2) 100 g/cow daily of kaolin (CON; rumen-inert indigestible substance; = 10). Groups were maintained in 4 pastures (5 groups from the same treatment within each pasture) with ad libitum access to forage. Groups were segregated daily and individually offered treatments from d 0 to 21. Blood samples were collected and transrectal ultrasonography was performed to verify ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) volume immediately before AI (d 0) and on d 7 and 15. After ultrasonography on d 15, 60 cows (30 cows/treatment and 3 cows/group) diagnosed without the presence of a CL on d 0 but with a CL greater than 0.38 cm3 in volume on d 7 and 15 were assigned to conceptus collection via transcervical flushing with PBS followed by endometrial biopsy in the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL. Additional blood samples were collected for whole-blood RNA extraction (d 20), and pregnancy status was verified by transrectal ultrasonography (d 30) in cows not assigned to conceptus collection. Cows receiving CSSO had greater ( ≤ 0.04) mean plasma linoleic acid concentration, plasma linoleic:linolenic acid ratio, plasma progesterone (P4) concentration, and CL volume during the experiment compared with CON cows. Moreover, CSSO supplementation increased ( ≤ 0.04) length and mRNA expression of and by the conceptus as well as blood mRNA expression of interferon-stimulated genes on d 20 in gestating cows. No treatment differences were detected ( ≥ 0.30) for endometrial mRNA expression of and . In summary, post-AI CSSO supplementation to B. indicus beef cows increased plasma concentration of linoleic acid and enhanced pregnancy establishment factors, which included CL development and plasma P4 concentration, conceptus growth, and mRNA expression of as well as blood mRNA expression of interferon-stimulated genes.
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Bayesian estimation of sensitivity and specificity of a milk pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-based ELISA and of transrectal ultrasonographic exam for diagnosis of pregnancy at 28–45 days following breeding in dairy cows. Prev Vet Med 2017; 140:122-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bedere N, Disenhaus C, Ducrocq V, Leurent-Colette S, Delaby L. Ability of dairy cows to ensure pregnancy according to breed and genetic merit for production traits under contrasted pasture-based systems. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2812-2827. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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