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Santos LC, Silva JF. Molecular Factors Involved in the Reproductive Morphophysiology of Female Domestic Cat ( Felis catus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3153. [PMID: 37835759 PMCID: PMC10571923 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The domestic cat (Felis catus) is considered an important model for the study of feline reproductive morphophysiology. However, although the morphological changes and clinical signs that occur during the estrous cycle and pregnancy are well known, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the reproductive physiology of this animal species. Thus, this paper reviews the current knowledge about the modulation and expression profile of hormonal, immunological, redox, and growth mediators involved in the uterine, ovarian, and placental morphophysiology of domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Nucleo de Pesquisas em Reproducao e Endocrinologia, Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus 45662-900, Brazil;
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2
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Evaluation of Weight Gain, Clinicopathological and Radiographic Changes after Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Cats. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030140. [PMID: 35324868 PMCID: PMC8950234 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism is uncommon in cats. This case report describes weight gain, clinicopathological and radiographic changes after early diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism in three British shorthair cats’ siblings. Data were assessed at 53 (diagnosis), 83, 185 and 365 days of age. Correlations between serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and body weight, levothyroxine dose, total thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations were evaluated. The body weights of the congenital hypothyroid kittens were compared with those of their two healthy siblings and British shorthair kittens of the same age. At diagnosis, the congenital hypothyroid kittens showed a significantly lower body weight compared to the healthy siblings (p = 0.03). After diagnosis, oral levothyroxine supplementation was started. The difference in body weight was no longer observed after one month of treatment. The clinical signs, clinicopathological and radiographic abnormalities ameliorated after one month of treatment. IGF-1 concentration was significantly positively correlated with body weight (rs = 0.80, p < 0.002). In conclusion, resolution of the clinical signs, achieving a consistent within-breed weight, and improvement of the clinicopathological and radiographic parameters demonstrated the importance of the early diagnosis and treatment of feline congenital hypothyroidism.
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Lira GPO, Borges AA, Nascimento MB, Aquino LVC, Moura LFMP, Silva HVR, Ribeiro LR, Silva AR, Pereira AF. Morphological, Ultrastructural, and Immunocytochemical Characterization and Assessment of Puma ( Puma concolor Linnaeus, 1771) Cell Lines After Extended Culture and Cryopreservation. Biopreserv Biobank 2022; 20:557-566. [PMID: 35049356 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2021.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are valuable tools to safeguard genetic material from species threatened with extinction that is mainly due to human action. In this scenario, the puma constitutes a species whose population is being rapidly reduced in the ecosystems it inhabits. For the first time, we characterized puma skin-derived cell lines and assessed these cells after extended culture (experiment 1) and cryopreservation (experiment 2). Initially, we identified and characterized four dermal fibroblast lines using morphology, ultrastructure, and immunofluorescence assays. Moreover, we evaluated the effects of culture time (1st, 3rd, and 10th passages) and cryopreservation on their morphology, ultrastructure, viability, metabolism, proliferative activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and apoptosis. The cells showed a typical spindle-shaped morphology with centrally located oval nuclei. The cells were identified as fibroblasts by staining for vimentin. In vitro culture after the 1st, 3rd, and 10th passages did not alter most of the evaluated parameters. Cells in the 3rd and 10th passages showed a reduction in ROS levels (p < 0.05). The ultrastructure revealed morphological damage in the prolongments, and nuclei of cells derived from the 3rd and 10th passages. Moreover, cryopreservation resulted in a reduction in ΔΨm compared with that of noncryopreserved cells, suggesting that the optimization of cryopreservation methods for puma fibroblasts is essential. In conclusion, we found that viable fibroblasts could be obtained from puma skin, with slight changes after the 10th passage in in vitro culture and cryopreservation. This is the first report on the development of cell lines derived from pumas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P O Lira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Alana A Borges
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Matheus B Nascimento
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Leonardo V C Aquino
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Luiz F M P Moura
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Herlon V R Silva
- Laboratory of Reproduction of Carnivores, Ceara State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Leandro R Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Reproduction of Carnivores, Ceara State University (UECE), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, UFERSA, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra F Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), Mossoró, Brazil
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4
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Fernandez-Gonzalez L, Kozhevnikova V, Brusentsev E, Jänsch S, Amstislavsky S, Jewgenow K. IGF-I Medium Supplementation Improves Singly Cultured Cat Oocyte Maturation and Embryo Development In Vitro. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071909. [PMID: 34198979 PMCID: PMC8300187 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo production is a routine procedure in several species. However, in felids, the effectiveness of this approach is far behind that in the majority of laboratory species. The development of a suitable environment starts with the proper composition of culture media. Therefore, for the improvement of assisted reproduction techniques and their outcome in cats, this is an urgent task. As the addition of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was beneficial in other mammalian species, this study aims to check whether these components, combined with other factors (such as type of fertilisation or type of culture) can provide a benefit in the felid culture system in current use. Thus, these supplements, in different concentrations and combinations, were merged with the use of two fertilisation techniques and randomly assigned to single or group culturing. The results showed that the addition of IGF-I and/or GM-CSF produced an increase in morula and blastocyst rate in a single culture system. In particular, the supplementation with 20 ng/mL of IGF-I incremented the maturation rate by 10% and significantly increased the morula and blastocyst rates in single culturing. This result is especially remarkable for wild felids, where only a few oocytes and/or embryos are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany; (S.J.); (K.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria Kozhevnikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Lavrent’eva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.K.); (E.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Eugeny Brusentsev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Lavrent’eva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.K.); (E.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefanie Jänsch
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany; (S.J.); (K.J.)
| | - Sergei Amstislavsky
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prosp. Lavrent’eva 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.K.); (E.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Katarina Jewgenow
- Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315 Berlin, Germany; (S.J.); (K.J.)
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Thongphakdee A, Sukparangsi W, Comizzoli P, Chatdarong K. Reproductive biology and biotechnologies in wild felids. Theriogenology 2020; 150:360-373. [PMID: 32102745 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Conservation strategies in natural habitats as well as in breeding centers are necessary for maintaining and reinforcing viable populations of wild felids. Among the fundamental knowledge that is required for conservation breeding, a solid understanding of reproductive biology is critical for improving natural breeding and enhance genetic diversity. Additionally, it offers the opportunity to develop assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in threatened and endangered species. Conservation breeding and reproductive biotechnologies of wild felids have advanced in the past decade. It has been clearly shown that female felids have species and individual patterns of reproductive cycles and respond differently to exogenous hormones. In males, several species still have poor semen quality often due to the loss of genetic diversity in small populations. To overcome the challenges of natural breeding (incompatibility between individuals or suboptimal environment) and mitigate inbreeding, artificial insemination, embryo production and embryo transfer have been further developed in 24 wild cat species. Major factors limiting ART success are inconsistent responses to ovarian stimulation, variable quality of gametes and embryos, and preparation of recipient females. Additional approaches including stem cell technologies have been explored for future medical applications. However, there still is a critical need for better knowledge of feline reproductive biology and improvement of ARTs efficiency to increase the genetic diversity and create sustainable populations of wild felids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ampika Thongphakdee
- Wildlife Reproductive Innovation Center, Bureau of Conservation and Research, Zoological Park Organization Under the Royal Patronage of H.M. the King, 267, Pracharaj 1 Road, Bang Sue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand.
| | - Woranop Sukparangsi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Saen Suk, Muang, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Ave, NW, Washington, DC, 2008, USA
| | - Kaywalee Chatdarong
- Research Unit of Obstetrics and Reproduction in Animals, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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6
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ARTs in Wild Felid Conservation Programmes in Poland and in the World. J Vet Res 2019; 63:457-464. [PMID: 31572828 PMCID: PMC6749728 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the exception of the domestic cat, all felid species (Felidae) are currently threatened with extinction in their natural habitat. To develop effective and optimal wild cat conservation programmes with assisted reproductive technology (ART) it is necessary to combine advances from different disciplines of science, starting from the biology of the species, through research into the population and habitat, assisted reproductive technologies, establishment of gene banks, developing bioinformatic systems, and ending with biodiversity and endangered species management. In the last few years knowledge of felid reproduction has expanded considerably thanks to comparative studies utilising the domestic cat as a research model for endangered wild cats. Basic reproductive techniques utilised in both domestic cat breeding and rescuing wild felid populations that are threatened with extinction include semen collection and cryopreservation, artificial insemination, oocyte collection, in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilisation, somatic cloning, and embryo transfer. The main directions in which assisted reproductive technologies are being developed in wild cat conservation implementations and the contribution of Polish research centres in advancing these methods are presented.
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Praxedes ÉA, Oliveira LRMD, Silva MB, Borges AA, Santos MVDO, Silva HVR, Oliveira MFD, Silva AR, Pereira AF. Effects of cryopreservation techniques on the preservation of ear skin – An alternative approach to conservation of jaguar, Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758). Cryobiology 2019; 88:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Luvoni GC, Colombo M, Morselli MG. The never-ending search of an ideal culture system for domestic cat oocytes and embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 53 Suppl 3:110-116. [PMID: 30474340 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the domestic cat, in vitro fertilization started 40 years ago, but an ideal culture system has yet to be achieved. The physiological microenvironments, which interact with oocytes and embryos promoting their competence, have been investigated. However, recreating in vitro follicle- and oviduct-like conditions is challenging and a matter of both chemistry and physics. This review presents an excursus of the experimental investigations focused on the improvement of feline oocytes and embryos culture through the modulation of chemical and physical factors. Medium supplementation with components of follicular and oviductal fluids, or the use of different co-cultures, supports or substrata have been considered. Innovative and sophisticated systems as "organ-on-a-chip" might lead to the creation of artificial follicles and oviducts and they may represent the ideal combination of chemical and physical factors. Will the search ever end?
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Cecilia Luvoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Colombo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Giorgia Morselli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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9
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Praxedes ÉA, Borges AA, Santos MVO, Pereira AF. Use of somatic cell banks in the conservation of wild felids. Zoo Biol 2018; 37:258-263. [PMID: 29722907 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The conservation of biological resources is an interesting strategy for the maintenance of biodiversity, especially for wild felids who are constantly threatened with extinction. For this purpose, cryopreservation techniques have been used for the long-term storage of gametes, embryos, gonadal tissues, and somatic cells and tissues. The establishment of these banks has been suggested as a practical approach to the preservation of species and, when done in tandem with assisted reproductive techniques, could provide the means for reproducing endangered species. Somatic cell banks have been shown remarkable for the conservation of genetic material of felids; by merely obtaining skin samples, it is possible to sample a large group of individuals without being limited by factors such as gender or age. Thus, techniques for somatic tissue recovery, cryopreservation, and in vitro culture of different wild felids have been developed, resulting in a viable method for the conservation of species. One of the most notable conservation programs for wild felines using somatic samples was the one carried out for the Iberian lynx, the most endangered feline in the world. Other wild felids have also been studied in other continents, such as the jaguar in South America. This review aims to present the technical progress achieved in the conservation of somatic cells and tissues in different wild felids, as well address the progress that has been achieved in a few species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika A Praxedes
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Alana A Borges
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Maria V O Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra F Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Federal Rural University of Semiarid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
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10
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Developmental competence of cat ( Felis domesticus) oocytes and embryos after parthenogenetic stimulation using different methods. ZYGOTE 2018; 26:119-126. [PMID: 29467049 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199418000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of various activating factors on feline oocytes. The study included activation within the ovary (natural), activation during in vitro maturation (spontaneous activation), chemical activation (ionomycin + 6-DMAP), activation by spermatozoa and injection (ICSI) and mechanical activation (sham ICSI). According to our results, parthenogenetic embryos could emerge at every step of in vitro embryo production (IVP) procedures. After oocyte collection, 6% of parthenogenetic embryos were observed, mainly at the 2-4-blastomere stages. After 24 h of in vitro maturation, parthenogenetic activation was observed in 7% of oocytes. Using ionomycin and 6-DMAP to artificially activate oocytes, 53% of cleaved embryos were obtained. The results after ICSI (54% cleaved embryos) were not significantly different from the results in Group III using chemical activation (53% cleaved embryos). But only after ICSI were blastocysts obtained (5/73.7%) as a result of in vitro culture. Moreover, embryos after ICSI were of the best morphological quality with minor levels of fragmentation evident in the embryos. After sham mechanical activation, 'sham ICSI', 8% of cleaved embryos were noted. Therefore, it is advised to maintain a negative control in parallel with each step of IVP techniques, to avoid misleading results. Chemical methods for artificial activation of feline oocytes are the most promising for application to the cloning and production of parthenogenetic embryos for experimental studies.
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Rao BS, Mahesh YU, Suman K, Charan KV, Nath R, Rao KR. Meiotic maturation of oocytes recovered from the ovaries of Indian big cats at postmortem. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 51:19-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yıldırım K, Vural MR, Küplülü S, Ozcan Z, Polat IM. The effects of EGF and IGF-1 on FSH-mediated in vitro maturation of domestic cat oocytes derived from follicular and luteal stages. Reprod Biol 2013; 14:122-7. [PMID: 24856471 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-1) on the in vitro maturation of cat oocytes recovered from follicular and luteal stage ovaries. Oocytes from follicular (n=580) and luteal (n=209) stages were harvested and divided into four groups, which were cultured in FSH-mediated maturation medium supplemented with: (1) EGF alone (25ng/mL); (2) IGF-1 alone (100ng/mL); (3) EGF+IGF-1 (25ng/mL EGF+100ng/mL IGF-I); or (4) no growth factor (control). The proportion of follicular stage oocytes reaching the metaphase II stage was significantly higher than that of oocytes obtained at the luteal stage in both control and study groups (p<0.001). The percentages of oocytes reaching the metaphase II stage during the follicular period were 62.6% in control; 70.9% in EGF; 72.8% in IGF-1, and 78.1% in EGF+IGF-1 groups, whereas the respective values for gametes collected from luteal stage ovaries were 12.5%, 17.5%, 12.5%, and 16.9%. Additionally, the differences between the study and control groups were significant in the case of follicular stage oocytes. Finally, supplementing the maturation medium with EGF and/or IGF-1 significantly enhanced the meiotic maturation of oocytes recovered from follicular stage ovaries. The present study also demonstrated that the combination of EGF and IGF-I provides an additional or synergic effect on meiotic maturation of oocytes recovered from the follicular stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Yıldırım
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Rıfat Vural
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sükrü Küplülü
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ziya Ozcan
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - I Mert Polat
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Lin YA, Tsai HB, Liao MH, Chen MC. Effect of Preserving Condition of Porcine Ovaries on the Development of In Vitro Matured Oocytes. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:333-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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IMSOONTHORNRUKSA S, LORTHONGPANICH C, SANGMALEE A, SRIRATTANA K, LAOWTAMMATHRON C, TUNWATTANA W, SOMSA W, KETUDAT-CAIRNS M, NAGAI T, PARNPAI R. The Effects of Manipulation Medium, Culture System and Recipient Cytoplast on In Vitro Development of Intraspecies and Intergeneric Felid Embryos. J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:385-92. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-108h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sumeth IMSOONTHORNRUKSA
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology
| | - Chanchao LORTHONGPANICH
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology
| | - Anawat SANGMALEE
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology
| | - Kanokwan SRIRATTANA
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology
| | - Chuti LAOWTAMMATHRON
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology
| | | | | | - Mariena KETUDAT-CAIRNS
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology
| | - Takashi NAGAI
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science
| | - Rangsun PARNPAI
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Suranaree University of Technology
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TOMII R, OGAWA B, IMAI N, HANDA Y, SASAYAMA N, SHIRASU A, NAGASHIMA H. In Vitro Development and Postvitrification Survival of Cloned Feline Embryos Derived from Preadipocytes. J Reprod Dev 2011; 57:273-9. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo TOMII
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University
- Research & Development Institute for Artificial Organs, Research & Development Laboratory, Nipro Corporation
| | - Buko OGAWA
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University
| | - Naoko IMAI
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University
| | - Yukiko HANDA
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University
| | - Norihisa SASAYAMA
- Research & Development Institute for Artificial Organs, Research & Development Laboratory, Nipro Corporation
| | - Akio SHIRASU
- Research & Development Institute for Artificial Organs, Research & Development Laboratory, Nipro Corporation
| | - Hiroshi NAGASHIMA
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University
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16
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Abdel-Ghani MA, Abe Y, Asano T, Hamano S, Suzuki H. Effect of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes-conditioned medium on in-vitro maturation of canine oocytes. Reprod Med Biol 2010; 10:43-49. [PMID: 29699079 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-010-0069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the ability of medium conditioned with bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) to support nuclear maturation of canine oocytes recovered from domestic dog ovaries. Methods Cumulus-oocyte complexes were obtained from ovaries of domestic bitches (8 months old to 7 years old), and in-vitro maturation was evaluated in TCM-199 supplemented with different concentrations (0, 20, 30 or 50%) of bovine COCs-conditioned medium (BCM). The canine COCs were cultured for 72 or 96 h at 38.5°C in 5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2. The bovine COCs-conditioned medium was obtained from culture of bovine COCs with TCM-199 supplemented with 5% FCS for 22 h at 38.5°C in 2% CO2, 98% air. Results The proportion of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) after 72 h was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in medium supplemented with 30% BCM (20.7%) compared with the control group (13.4%). The rates of GVBD-MII stage were significantly higher (P < 0.05) when oocytes were matured with BCM at concentration of 30% (41.5%) compared with control (26.6%) after 72 h in-vitro culture. After 96 h in-vitro culture, the oocytes matured in medium supplemented with 30% BCM (5.5%) showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the proportion of MII compared with control (0.7%). However, increasing the cultivation time from 72 to 96 h resulted in an increase in oocyte degeneration rate. Conclusions The results suggested that bovine COCs-conditioned medium supplementation significantly increased nuclear maturation of canine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Abdel-Ghani
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-Choe 080-8555 Obihiro Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Abe
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-Choe 080-8555 Obihiro Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Asano
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-Choe 080-8555 Obihiro Japan
| | - Seizo Hamano
- Animal Bio-Technology Center Livestock Improvement Association 1-9-8, Kyobashi, Chuo-Ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-Choe 080-8555 Obihiro Japan
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Rascado TDS, Martins LR, Minto BW, de Sá Lorena S, Landim-Alvarenga FDC. Parthenogenetic development of domestic cat oocytes treated with ionomycin, cycloheximide, roscovitine and strontium. Theriogenology 2010; 74:596-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Yu X, Cho S, Bang J, Lee H, Lee Y, Kwon T, Deb G, Kong I. Effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin on the efficiency of superovulation induction for in vivo and in vitro embryo production in the cat. Theriogenology 2010; 73:413-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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de Barros FRO, Goissis MD, Caetano HVA, Paula-Lopes FF, Peres MA, Assumpção MEOA, Visintin JA. Serum Starvation and Full Confluency for Cell Cycle Synchronization of Domestic Cat (Felis catus) Foetal Fibroblasts. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 45:38-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Thongphakdee A, Siriaroonrat B, Manee-in S, Klincumhom N, Kamolnorranath S, Chatdarong K, Techakumphu M. Intergeneric somatic cell nucleus transfer in marbled cat and flat-headed cat. Theriogenology 2010; 73:120-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Imsoonthornruksa S, Lorthongpanich C, Sangmalee A, Srirattana K, Laowtammathron C, Tunwattana W, Somsa W, Ketudat-Cairns M, Parnpai R. Abnormalities in the transcription of reprogramming genes related to global epigenetic events of cloned endangered felid embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2010; 22:613-24. [DOI: 10.1071/rd09108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined transcription levels of the Oct4, DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, HAT1 and HDAC1 genes in cloned felid embryos developing from single one-cell to blastocyst stages. IVF, cloned domestic and leopard cat embryos had low Oct4 and HAT1 levels during the early stages, but transcript expression increased at the eight-cell and blastocyst stages. In contrast, expression in the cloned marble cat embryos was low at all stages. Transcription patterns of HDAC1 were altered in cloned embryos compared with IVF embryos. Transcription levels of DNMT1 decreased markedly throughout development of both IVF and cloned embryos. In IVF embryos, DNMT3a transcripts rarely appeared in the four- to eight-cell stages, but levels increased in the morula to blastocyst stages. In contrast, in cloned embryos, DNMT3a transcript levels were high at the one- to two-cell stages, decreased during subsequent cell division and then increased again at the blastocyst stage. The IVF and cloned embryos showed similar DNMT3b transcription patterns, starting with low levels at the two-cell to morula stages and reaching a maximum at the blastocyst stage. These results suggest that the low level of Oct4 transcripts may be responsible, in part, for the failure of blastocyst production in the cloned marbled cat. However, higher transcription of the DNA methylation genes and lower transcription of the histone acetylation genes were observed in cloned compared with IVF embryos, suggesting that the felids’ donor nucleus could not completely reprogramme the nuclear genome and so the re-establishment of embryonic totipotency was not achieved.
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22
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Gómez MC, Pope CE, Kutner RH, Ricks DM, Lyons LA, Ruhe MT, Dumas C, Lyons J, Dresser BL, Reiser J. Generation of domestic transgenic cloned kittens using lentivirus vectors. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2009; 11:167-76. [PMID: 19203232 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2008.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficient use of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), in conjunction with genetic modification of donor cells provides a general means to add or inactivate genes in mammals. This strategy has substantially improved the efficacy of producing genetically identical animals carrying mutant genes corresponding to specific human disorders. Lentiviral (LV) vectors have been shown to be well suited for introducing transgenes into cells to be used as donor nuclei for SCNT. In the present study, we established an LV vector-based transgene delivery approach for producing live transgenic domestic cats by SCNT. We have demonstrated that cat fetal fibroblasts can be transduced with EGFP-encoding LV vectors bearing various promoters including the human cytomegalovirus immediate early (hCMV-IE) promoter, the human translation elongation factor 1alpha (hEF-1alpha) promoter and the human ubiquitin C (hUbC) promoter. Among the promoters tested, embryos reconstructed with donor cells transduced with a LV-vector bearing the hUbC promoter displayed sustained transgene expression at the blastocyst stage while embryos reconstructed with LV vector-transduced cells containing hCMV-IE-EGFP or hEF-1alpha-EGFP cassettes did not. After transfer of 291 transgenic cloned embryos into the oviducts of eight recipient domestic cats (mean =36.5 +/- 10.1), three (37.5%) were diagnosed to be pregnant, and a total of six embryos (2.1%) implanted. One live male offspring was delivered by Cesarean section on day 64 of gestation, and two kittens were born dead after premature delivery on day 55. In summary, we report the birth of transgenic cloned kittens produced by LV vector-mediated transduction of donor cells and confirm that cloned kittens express the EGFP reporter transgene in all body tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha C Gómez
- Audubon Center for Research of Endangered Species, New Orleans, Louisiana 70131, USA.
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23
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Palasz AT, Breña PB, De la Fuente J, Gutiérrez-Adán A. The effect of different zwitterionic buffers and PBS used for out-of-incubator procedures during standard in vitro embryo production on development, morphology and gene expression of bovine embryos. Theriogenology 2009; 70:1461-70. [PMID: 18675448 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the zwitterionic buffers HEPES, TES and MOPS and of PBS used for out-of-incubator procedures during standard in vitro embryo production on bovine oocytes and embryo development, morphology and on the expression patterns of eight selected genes: Fgf-4, Lama1, Ube2a, Gsta4, Il6, Sod1, Prss11 and Hspb1, was evaluated. All buffers were prepared at a concentration of 10 mM in TALP medium, with the exception of PBS. The total time of oocyte/embryo exposure to each buffer was approximately 41 min. The cleavage rates and number of embryos that developed to > or =8 cells at day 4 were no different among the buffers tested, however, more blastocysts developed at day 7, 8 and 9 in HEPES and MOPS treatments than in PBS and TES (P<0.05). No difference between buffers in total and apoptotic cell number was found. Except for Hspb1 and Ube2a genes, the levels of expression of the six remaining transcripts were higher in in vivo than in in vitro embryos irrespective of buffer used (P<0.05). In addition, higher expression of Hspb1 and lower expression of Ube2a and Lama1 were observed in PBS and TES than in MOPS and HEPES treatments (P<0.05). Expression of Fgf-4 and Gsta4 in the in vitro embryos was lower in PBS than in the remaining three buffers (P<0.05) and the level of expression of the Il6 gene was not affected by any buffer tested but was lower in in vitro than in in vivo derived embryos. Expression of both Sod1 and Prss11 genes in MOPS were at the level of the in vivo embryos. These results showed that the choice of buffer and short exposure time of approximately 41 min, affects mRNA expression of in vitro produced bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Palasz
- Ministry of Science and Innovation, Department of Animal Reproduction, INIA, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Alhaider AK, Watson PF. The effects of hCG and growth factors on in vitro nuclear maturation of dog oocytes obtained during anoestrus. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009; 21:538-48. [DOI: 10.1071/rd08167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and a combination of growth factors on the developmental competence of canine oocytes during in vitro maturation was examined. Oocytes recovered from domestic dog ovaries at routine ovariectomy were cultured in a basic tissue culture medium with 0.3% BSA, 7 μg mL–1 progesterone and antibiotics. After the appropriate culture periods (up to 96 h), they were fixed and labelled by double-antibody immunofluorescence for tubulin and with propidium iodide for chromatin. Human chorionic gonadotrophin increased the proportion of oocytes resuming meiosis and reduced the degeneration rate. Supplementing with hCG in declining concentrations was of no superior benefit but the presence of a combination of growth factors (growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, transforming growth factor-α and fibroblast growth factor) improved both the resumption of meiosis and the degeneration rate. No particular synergisms between pairs of growth factors could be demonstrated. Human chorionic gonadotrophin and growth factors together gave poorer results, implying that hCG inhibited the beneficial effects of the growth factors. A growth factor combination is the present most successful treatment, with 49% of total oocytes (inclusive of degenerated) recovered from anoestrous bitches at MI or MII by 96 h of culture. This is the highest result so far demonstrated for cultured dog oocytes.
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25
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Saikhun J, Sriussadaporn S, Thongtip N, Pinyopummin A, Kitiyanant Y. Nuclear maturation and development of IVM/IVF canine embryos in synthetic oviductal fluid or in co-culture with buffalo rat liver cells. Theriogenology 2008; 69:1104-10. [PMID: 18367242 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2007] [Revised: 01/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In vitro embryo production in the domestic bitch can provide valuable insights for conservation of endangered canids. In the present study, canine oocytes underwent in vitro maturation (IVM) in simple or complex media, with production of in vitro matured and fertilized (IVM/IVF) canine embryos. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were harvested from ovaries by slicing and subjected to IVM in four media (SOF, TCM 199, Ham-F10, and DMEM/F12). After culture for 48h, oocytes were stained and examined for nuclear maturation. There were no significant differences in the mean (+/-S.D.) percentage of nuclear maturation (metaphase II) of oocytes cultured in SOF (18.6+/-7.6%), TCM 199 (18.3+/-4.5%), Ham-F10 (13.9+/-8.2%), or DMEM/F12 (11.9+/-4.2%). For assessment of embryo development, oocytes were matured for 48h in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF), fertilized with frozen-thawed sperm, and presumptive zygotes were cultured for 7 d, either in SOF or as co-cultures with BRL cells in TCM 199. Percentages of IVM/IVF oocytes that developed to the 2-cell, 3-4-cell, and 5-7-cell stages were higher (P<0.05) following culture in SOF versus BRL cell co-cultures (33.6+/-1.2% vs 13.7+/-1.2%, 24.7+/-0.5% vs 8.7+/-1.1%, and 15.1+/-2.2% vs 4.3+/-1.3%, respectively). However, none of the embryos developed beyond the 8-16-cell stage. In conclusion, simple or complex media successfully induced resumption of meiosis and nuclear maturation of canine oocytes. Furthermore, SOF supported in vitro development of IVM/IVF canine embryos to the 8-16-cell stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saikhun
- Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Puthamonthon sai 4, Salaya, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand.
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26
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Production of second-generation cloned cats by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Theriogenology 2008; 69:1001-6. [PMID: 18358524 PMCID: PMC7127140 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We successfully produced second-generation cloned cats by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using skin cells from a cloned cat. Skin cells from an odd-eyed, all-white male cat (G0 donor cat) were used to generate a cloned cat (G1 cloned cat). At 6 months of age, skin cells from the G1 cloned cat were used for SCNT to produce second-generation cloned cats. We compared the in vitro and in vivo development of SCNT embryos that were derived from the G0 donor and G1 cloned donor cat's skin fibroblasts. The nuclei from the G0 donor and G1 cloned donor cat's skin fibroblasts fused with enucleated oocytes with equal rates of fusion (60.7% vs. 58.8%, respectively) and cleavage (66.3% vs. 63.4%). The 2–4-cell SCNT embryos were then transferred into recipients. One of the five recipients of G0 donor derived NT embryos (20%) delivered one live male cloned kitten, whereas 4 of 15 recipients of the G1 cloned donor cat derived NT embryos (26%) delivered a total of seven male second-generation cloned kittens (four live kittens from one surrogate, plus two stillborn kittens, and one live kitten that died 2 d after birth from three other surrogate mothers). The four second-generation cloned kittens from the same surrogate all had a white coat color; three of the four second-generation cloned kittens had two blue eyes, and one of the second-generation cloned kittens had an odd-eye color. Despite low cloning efficiency, cloned cats can be used as donor cats to produce second-generation cloned cats.
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27
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Yin XJ, Lee HS, Jeon JT, Kong IK. Effect of culture medium and prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2)) analogue on in vitro development of parthenogenetically activated cat oocytes. J Reprod Dev 2007; 53:1053-8. [PMID: 17587771 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.19043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A method of reliably producing developmentally competent cat embryos in vitro is a prerequisite for study of the physiology of early development and application of assisted reproductive techniques. Oocytes were collected and then cultured in TCM-199 + 10% FBS for 4 h. The matured oocytes were activated with a 20 microsec electric pulse at 1.2 kV/mm. The activated oocytes were incubated in 2 mM of 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) for 4 h and were then divided randomly among the treatment groups. In experiment 1, we compared the effects of three culture systems (TCM-199, CR1-aa and Tyrode's) on the in vitro development of parthenogenetically activated cat oocytes. In experiment 2, we investigated the effect of addition of Iloprost (a stable prostaglandin I(2) analogue) to Tyrode's medium on in vitro development of parthenogenetically activated oocytes. As a control, we recovered in vivo produced blastocysts and determined their average cell number. In experiment 1, the cleavage frequency of the oocytes cultured in TCM199, CR1-aa and Tyrode's media were similar (74, 72 and 83%, respectively). However, the incidence of in vitro development to the blastocyst stage was significantly higher in Tyrode's medium (20.4%) than in TCM-199 (2.4%) or CR1-aa (11.1%). Likewise, the average cell number of in vitro activated blastocysts was higher in Tyrode's than in CR1-aa or TCM-199 (106.5 +/- 45.2 vs. 68.3 +/- 25.4 and 35.0 +/- 7.7, respectively; P<0.05). In experiment 2, the percentage of parthenogenetically activated oocytes that underwent in vitro blastocyst development was significantly improved by addition of Iloprost to the culture medium (33.6 vs. 19.1%; P<0.05). The average cell number of in vivo blastocysts (909.0 +/- 226.4) was significantly higher than those of in vitro blastocysts cultured in Tyrode's medium supplemented with or without Iloprost (103.2 +/- 31.3 and 112.2 +/- 39.3, respectively; P<0.05). This result indicated that the current culture method for cat pathogenetically activated oocytes requires further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jun Yin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
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28
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Yin XJ, Lee HS, Kim LH, Shin HD, Kim NH, Kong IK. Effect of serum starvation on the efficiency of nuclear transfer using odd-eyed white cat fibroblasts. Theriogenology 2007; 67:816-23. [PMID: 17118437 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we compared in vitro and in vivo development of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos derived from serum-starved or non-serum-starved odd-eyed cat skin fibroblast cells. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that a higher percentage of cells were in the G0/G1 phase after serum starvation (89.3%) as compared with non-serum-starved cells (73.8%, P<0.05). Frequency of cleavage and development to the blastocyst stage was not different between the serum-starved or non-serum-starved treatment group, 67.9 and 12.5% versus 73.0 and 10.2%, respectively (P>0.05). After transfer of two to four-cell NT embryos derived from starved and non-starved fibroblasts, three of nine (33%) and one of nine (11%) recipients delivered three live male (plus, one dead) and two live male kittens, respectively. Of the five live-cloned kittens, one died from diarrhea at 3 weeks of age and the other four kittens are growing at a normal rate. The cloned kittens are blue-eyed and have functional auditory systems, including clones of the odd-eyed deaf Turkish Angora cat. Subsequent DNA analysis of nine-cat specific microsatellite loci confirmed that all of the cloned kittens were identical to the odd-eyed donor male, but a point mutation occurred in the dead fetus at the FCA 290 marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jun Yin
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Sunchon National University, 315 Maegok-dong, Sunchon, 540-742 JeonNam Province, South Korea
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29
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Mastromonaco GF, King WA. Cloning in companion animal, non-domestic and endangered species: can the technology become a practical reality? Reprod Fertil Dev 2007; 19:748-61. [PMID: 17714629 DOI: 10.1071/rd07034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) can provide a unique alternative for the preservation of valuable individuals, breeds and species. However, with the exception of a handful of domestic animal species, successful production of healthy cloned offspring has been challenging. Progress in species that have little commercial or research interest, including many companion animal, non-domestic and endangered species (CANDES), has lagged behind. In this review, we discuss the current and future status of SCNT in CANDES and the problems that must be overcome to improve pre- and post-implantation embryo survival in order for this technology to be considered a viable tool for assisted reproduction in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela F Mastromonaco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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30
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Grabiec A, Max A, Tischner M. Parthenogenetic activation of domestic cat oocytes using ethanol, calcium ionophore, cycloheximide and a magnetic field. Theriogenology 2006; 67:795-800. [PMID: 17134746 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Revised: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate parthenogenetic activation of domestic cat oocytes after being exposed to either ethanol, magnetic field, calcium ionophore A23187, or cycloheximide and a combination of these agents. We also wished to evaluate the usefulness of the magnetic field for oocyte activation. In vitro matured oocytes subjected to artificial activation were randomly assigned into eight groups according to activating agents: (1) 10% ethanol; (2) the magnetic field (slow-changing, homogenous magnetic field with low values of induction); (3) 10% ethanol plus magnetic field; (4) 10 microM calcium ionophore A23187; (5) 10 microM calcium ionophore A23187 plus magnetic field; (6) 10% ethanol and 10 microg/mL of cycloheximide; (7) 10% ethanol and 10 microg/mL of cycloheximide plus magnetic field; (8) oocytes were not exposed to any of the activating agents. After activation oocytes were stained with Hoechst 33258 and parthenogenetic activation was defined as oocytes containing pronuclei and second polar bodies or two to four or six nuclei (embryonic cleavage). The total activation rate by using different activation treatments was 40%. The addition of the magnetic field to ethanol or calcium ionophore treatments resulted in increased parthenogenetic activation rates from 47% to 75%, and from 19% to 48%, respectively (P<0.001). Instead, when the magnetic field was added to ethanol and cycloheximide treatment, activation rate decreased from 48% to 30%. Oocytes activated with magnetic field only gave the lowest activation rate (12%). We concluded that a magnetic field can be used as an activating agent, and the combination of ethanol and magnetic field is an effective method for domestic cat oocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grabiec
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw Agricultural University, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
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31
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Yin XJ, Lee YH, Jin JY, Kim NH, Kong IK. Nuclear and microtubule remodeling and in vitro development of nuclear transferred cat oocytes with skin fibroblasts of the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) and leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis). Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 95:307-15. [PMID: 16310987 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), a member of the felidae family, is a threatened animal in South Korea. In terms of protecting endangered felids, nuclear transfer (NT) is a potentially valuable technique for assuring the continuation of species with dwindling numbers. In the present experiment, nuclear and microtubule remodeling and the in vitro developmental potential of enucleated domestic cat oocytes reconstructed with nuclei of somatic cells from either domestic cat fibroblast (DCF) or leopard cat fibroblast (LCF) were evaluated. Microtubule aster is allocated to de-condensed chromatin following nuclear transfer (3h after activation) of fibroblast cells from both domestic and leopard cats, suggesting the introduction of a somatic cell centrosome. The transferred fibroblast nuclei formed a large, swollen, pronuclear-like structure in most reconstructed oocytes, in the cat or leopard cat. At 18h following nuclear transfer, mitosis occurred, and according to the photo (F) it appears that spindle microtubules and two asters were observed. The percentages of blastocyst formation from nuclear transfer embryos derived from domestic cat fibroblasts (4/46, 8.6%) were not significantly different than those for nuclear transfer embryos constructed with leopard cat fibroblasts (4/52, 7.6%). These results indicate that nuclear and microtubule remodeling processes and in vitro developmental ability are similar in reconstructed cat oocytes following transfer of nuclei from either domestic or leopard cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Yin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, 315 Maegok-dong, Sunchon, JeonNam Province 540-742, South Korea
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Karja NWK, Otoi T, Wongsrikeao P, Shimizu R, Murakami M, Agung B, Fahrudin M, Nagai T. Effects of electric field strengths on fusion and in vitro development of domestic cat embryos derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Theriogenology 2006; 66:1237-42. [PMID: 16675008 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of electric field strength on the rate of membrane fusion between the somatic cell and cytoplast and on subsequent in vitro development of reconstructed embryos. Additionally, the in vitro developmental competence of cat oocytes artificially activated after 44 h of maturation culture was examined. An efficient fusion rate (64.2%) was obtained by applying a single pulse of 1.5 kV/cm for 50 micros, and the fusion rate remained almost constant at the higher field intensity (59.8 and 54.9% at 1.7 and 2.0 kV/cm, respectively). Although the cleavage rate of fused embryos increased with an increase of the electric field strength, there were no differences among the groups with respect to the proportion of development to the morula and blastocyst stages. In the additional experiment, oocytes at the metaphase II stage after culture for 44 h were activated by the combination of calcium ionophore (CaI) with cycloheximide (CHX). Some (11.8%) of activated oocytes developed to the blastocyst stage. Results from this study indicated that electric field strength affects the rates of fusion and cleavage but has no significant effects on the development to the blastocyst stage of reconstructed embryos. Prolonged maturation culture of cat oocytes (up to 44 h) decreased their ability to develop to the blastocyst stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wayan Kurniani Karja
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Abstract
Nuclear transfer (NT) technology is typically used for generating identical individuals, but it is also a powerful resource for understanding the cellular and molecular aspects of nuclear reprogramming. Most recently, the procedure has been used in humans for producing patient-specific embryonic stem cells. The successful application of NT in cats was demonstrated by the birth of domestic and non-domestic cloned kittens at a similar level of efficiency to that reported for other mammalian species. In cats, it has been demonstrated that either in vivo or in vitro matured oocytes can be used as donor cytoplasts. The length of in vitro oocyte maturation affects in vitro development of reconstructed embryos, and oocytes matured in vitro for shorter periods of time are the preferred source of donor cytoplasts. For NT, cat somatic cells can be synchronized into the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle by using different methods of cell synchronization without affecting the frequency of in vitro development of cloned embryos. Also, embryo development to the blastocyst stage in vitro is not influenced by cell type, but the effect of cell type on the percentage of normal offspring produced requires evaluation. Inter-species NT has potential application for preserving endangered felids, as live offspring of male and female African wildcats (AWC, Felis silvestris lybica) have been born and pregnancies have been produced after transferring black-footed cat (Felis nigripes) cloned embryos into domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) recipients. Also, successful in vitro embryo development to the blastocyst stage has been achieved after inter-generic NT of somatic cells of non-domestic felids into domestic cat oocytes, but no viable progeny have been obtained. Thus, while cat cytoplasm induces early nuclear remodeling of cell nuclei from a different genus, the high incidence of early embryo developmental arrest may be caused by abnormal nuclear reprogramming. Fetal resorption and abortions were frequently observed at various stages of pregnancy after transfer of AWC cloned embryos into domestic cat recipients. Abnormalities, such as abdominal organ exteriorization and respiratory failure and septicemia were the main causes of death in neonatal cloned kittens. Nonetheless, several live domestic and AWC cloned kittens have been born that are seemingly normal and healthy. It is important to continue evaluating these animals throughout their lives and to examine their capability for natural reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gómez
- Audubon Nature Institute Center for Research of Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA 70131, USA.
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Abstract
Appreciable progress has been made in the development of assisted reproductive technology (ART) for creating in vitro embryos in cats. Moreover, the extent of advancement in the last decade has been similar, albeit of more modest magnitude, to that seen in some other domestic and laboratory species, particularly when the disparities in financial, and, hence, scientific, resources are considered. The recent progress in domestic felid ART has made it possible to envisage their potential role in supporting the conservation of endangered felid species, which, in reality, is a multifarious process requiring wide-ranging, yet coordinated approaches. The prospect of incorporating ART into that intricate domain, with limited exceptions, remains a long-term, but highly motivating objective. Meanwhile, the straightforward accessibility and abundant supply of domestic cat gametes from local veterinary clinics provides a valuable and practical source of material for further research on the basic aspects of in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryo development. Furthermore, extrapolating the domestic biotechniques to non-domestic felids has produced encouraging results in some species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Pope
- Audubon Nature Institute Center for Research of Endangered Species, New Orleans, LA 70131, USA.
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Thongphakdee A, Numchaisrika P, Omsongkram S, Chatdarong K, Kamolnorranath S, Dumnui S, Techakumphu M. In Vitro Development of Marbled Cat Embryos Derived from Interspecies Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Reprod Domest Anim 2006; 41:219-26. [PMID: 16689885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2005.00655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate interspecies Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (iSCNT) techniques in marbled cats (Pardofelis marmorata), using domestic cat and rabbit oocytes as the recipient cytoplasm. The recipient oocytes were obtained from ovariohysterectomized cats and superovulated rabbits. The donor cells were collected from a male marbled cat that had died in captivity. Experiment 1 was conducted to observe the development of cloned marbled cat embryos (marbled cat donor cells-domestic cat oocytes; MC-DC), derived from oocytes matured for 24, 36 and 42 h. The result showed that the developmental rates of MC-DC cloned embryos at the 4-8 cell and the morula stages derived from oocytes cultured for 24 h were significantly greater than those cultured for 36 and 42 h (p < 0.05). Experiment 2 was conducted to compare the fusion rate of MC-DC couplets, fused by inducing different fusion voltages, 2.1 or 2.4 kV/cm. The result showed that there was no difference in fusion efficiency between the 2.1 and 2.4 kV/cm fusion protocols. Experiment 3 was conducted to compare the developmental rate of MC-DC and domestic cat (DC-DC) cloned embryos. In vitro fertilized cat embryos served as a control. The development of MC-DC and DC-DC cloned embryos to the 4- to 8-cell, morula and blastocyst stages was not significantly different. However, the development rates at morula and blastocyst stages of control were significantly greater than those of cloned embryos (p < 0.05). Experiment 4 rabbit (RB) oocytes were used as a recipient cytoplasm for marbled cat and domestic cat cloned embryos (MC- RB and DC-RB). RB-RB cloned embryos served as a control. There were no differences in the developmental rates between MC-RB, DC-RB and RB-RB embryos. In conclusion, marbled cat fibroblast cells can be reprogrammed in domestic cat and rabbit oocytes, and by using iSCNT it might be possible to produce marbled cat offspring in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thongphakdee
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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St John JC, Schatten G. Paternal mitochondrial DNA transmission during nonhuman primate nuclear transfer. Genetics 2005; 167:897-905. [PMID: 15238538 PMCID: PMC1470892 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.103.025049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring produced by nuclear transfer (NT) have identical nuclear DNA (nDNA). However, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance could vary considerably. In sheep, homoplasmy is maintained since mtDNA is transmitted from the oocyte (recipient) only. In contrast, cattle are heteroplasmic, harboring a predominance of recipient mtDNA along with varying levels of donor mtDNA. We show that the two nonhuman primate Macaca mulatta offspring born by NT have mtDNA from three sources: (1) maternal mtDNA from the recipient egg, (2) maternal mtDNA from the egg contributing to the donor blastomere, and (3) paternal mtDNA from the sperm that fertilized the egg from which the donor blastomere was isolated. The introduction of foreign mtDNA into reconstructed recipient eggs has also been demonstrated in mice through pronuclear injection and in humans through cytoplasmic transfer. The mitochondrial triplasmy following M. mulatta NT reported here forces concerns regarding the parental origins of mtDNA in clinically reconstructed eggs. In addition, mtDNA heteroplasmy might result in the embryonic stem cell lines generated for experimental and therapeutic purposes ("therapeutic cloning").
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C St John
- Mitochondrial and Reproductive Genetics Group, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom
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Westhusin M, Hinrichs K, Choi YH, Shin T, Liu L, Kraemer D. Cloning Companion Animals (Horses, Cats, and Dogs). CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2003; 5:301-17. [PMID: 14733749 DOI: 10.1089/153623003772032817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Westhusin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4466, USA.
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Gómez MC, Jenkins JA, Giraldo A, Harris RF, King A, Dresser BL, Pope CE. Nuclear transfer of synchronized african wild cat somatic cells into enucleated domestic cat oocytes. Biol Reprod 2003; 69:1032-41. [PMID: 12773426 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.014449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The African wild cat is one of the smallest wild cats and its future is threatened by hybridization with domestic cats. Nuclear transfer, a valuable tool for retaining genetic variability, offers the possibility of species continuation rather than extinction. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of somatic cell nuclei of the African wild cat (AWC) to dedifferentiate within domestic cat (DSH) cytoplasts and to support early development after nuclear transplantation. In experiment 1, distributions of AWC and DSH fibroblasts in each cell-cycle phase were assessed by flow cytometry using cells cultured to confluency and disaggregated with pronase, trypsin, or mechanical separation. Trypsin (89.0%) and pronase (93.0%) yielded higher proportions of AWC nuclei in the G0/G1 phase than mechanical separation (82.0%). In contrast, mechanical separation yielded higher percentages of DSH nuclei in the G0/G1 phase (86.6%) than pronase (79.7%) or trypsin (74.2%) treatments. In both species, pronase induced less DNA damage than trypsin. In experiment 2, the effects of serum starvation, culture to confluency, and exposure to roscovitine on the distribution of AWC and DSH fibroblasts in various phases of the cell cycle were determined. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that the dynamics of the cell cycle varied as culture conditions were modified. Specifically, a higher percentage of AWC and DSH nuclei were in the G0/G1 phase after cells were serum starved (83% vs. 96%) than were present in cycling cells (50% vs. 64%), after contact inhibition (61% vs. 88%), or after roscovitine (56% vs. 84%) treatment, respectively. In experiment 3, we evaluated the effects of cell synchronization and oocyte maturation (in vivo vs. in vitro) on the reconstruction and development of AWC-DSH- and DSH-DSH-cloned embryos. The method of cell synchronization did not affect the fusion and cleavage rate because only a slightly higher percentage of fused couplets cleaved when donor nuclei were synchronized by serum starvation (83.0%) than after roscovitine (80.0%) or contact-inhibition (80.0%). The fusion efficiency of in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes used as recipient cytoplasts of AWC donor nuclei (86.6% vs. 85.2%) was similar to the rates obtained with DSH donor nuclei, 83.7% vs. 73.0%, respectively. The only significant effect of source of donor nucleus (AWC vs. DSH) was on the rate of blastocyst formation in vitro. A higher percentage of the embryos derived from AWC nuclei developed to the blastocyst stage than did embryos produced from DSH nuclei, 24.2% vs. 3.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). In experiment 4, the effect of calcium in the fusion medium on induction of oocyte activation and development of AWC-DSH-cloned embryos was determined. The presence of calcium in the fusion medium induced a high incidence of cleavage of DSH oocytes (54.3%), while oocyte cleavage frequency was much lower in the absence of calcium (16.6%). The presence or absence of calcium in the fusion medium did not affect the fusion, cleavage, and blastocyst development of AWC-DSH-cloned embryos. In experiment 5, AWC-DSH-cloned embryos were transferred to the uteri of 11 synchronized domestic cat recipients on Day 6 or 7 after oocyte aspiration. Recipients were assessed by ultrasonography on Day 21 postovulation, but no pregnancies were observed. In the present study, after NT, AWC donor nuclei were able to dedifferentiate in DSH cytoplasts and support high rates of blastocyst development in vitro. Incomplete reprogramming of the differentiated nucleus may be a major constraint to the in vivo developmental potential of the embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha C Gómez
- Department of Animal Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA.
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