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Wang Z, Liu Q, Liu Q, Qi H, Li Y, Song DP. Self-Assembly and In Situ Quaternization of Triblock Bottlebrush Block Copolymers via Organized Spontaneous Emulsification for Effective Loading of DNA. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300192. [PMID: 37194368 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microspheres bearing large pores are useful in the capture and separation of biomolecules. However, pore size is typically poorly controlled, leading to disordered porous structures with limited performances. Herein, ordered porous spheres with a layer of cations on the internal surface of the nanopores are facilely fabricated in a single step for effective loading of DNA bearing negative charges. Triblock bottlebrush copolymers (BBCPs), (polynorbornene-g-polystyrene)-b-(polynorbornene-g-polyethylene oxide)-b-(polynorbornene-g-bromoethane) (PNPS-b-PNPEO-b-PNBr), are designed and synthesized for fabrication of the positively charged porous spheres through self-assembly and in situ quaternization during an organized spontaneous emulsification (OSE) process. Pore diameter as well as charge density increase with the increase of PNBr content, resulting in a significant increase of loading density from 4.79 to 22.5 ng µg-1 within the spheres. This work provides a general strategy for efficient loading and encapsulation of DNA, which may be extended to a variety of different areas for different real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Qiujun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hao Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Po Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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Schönbach EM, Janeschitz-Kriegl L, Strauss RW, Cattaneo ME, Fujinami K, Birch DG, Cideciyan AV, Sunness JS, Weleber RG, Ip MS, Sadda SR, Scholl HP. The Progression of Stargardt Disease Using Volumetric Hill of Vision Analyses Over 24 Months: ProgStar Report No.15. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 230:123-133. [PMID: 33951446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the yearly rate of change in macular function in patients with Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1) over 24 months and to establish a new volumetric visual function index for use in clinical trials investigating the efficacy on retinal sensitivity. METHODS Design: International, multicenter, prospective cohort study with 5 study visits every 6 months over 24 months. PARTICIPANTS A total of 233 individuals with genetically confirmed STGD1 (≥1 disease-causing ABCA4 variant). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The total volume (VTOT) beneath the sensitivity surface of a 3-D model of the hill of vision and mean sensitivity (MS) derived from mesopic microperimetry performed with a white stimulus. Changes of VTOT over time and its correlation with the ABCA4 genotype and baseline features. RESULTS At baseline, 440 eyes (233 patients) with a mean (SD) age of 33.7 (15.0) years, mean (SD) visual acuity of 46.08 (16.03) ETDRS letters were analyzed with an average VTOT of 0.91 decibel-steradian (dB-sr) and an MS of 10.73 dB. The overall mean rate of decrease in sensitivity [95% confidence interval] was 0.077 [0.064, 0.090] dB-sr/y for VTOT and 0.87 [0.72, 1.02] dB/year for MS. The progression rate of VTOT depended on baseline visual function (0.029 dB-sr/year for low and 0.120 dB-sr/year for high baseline VTOT; P < .001) and exhibited a difference in the first vs second year of follow-up (0.065 dB-sr/year vs 0.089 dB-sr/year, respectively; P < .001). The absence of pigmentary abnormalities of the retinal pigment epithelium at baseline was found to be associated with a faster progression rate (P < .001), whereas a significant association with the genotype was not detected (P = .7). CONCLUSION In STGD1, both microperimetric outcomes demonstrate statistically significant and clinically meaningful changes after relatively short follow-up periods. Volumetric modeling may be useful in future interventional clinical trials that aim to improve retinal sensitivity or to slow down its decline and for structure-function correlations.
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Schönbach EM, Strauss RW, Muñoz B, Wolfson Y, Ibrahim MA, Birch DG, Zrenner E, Sunness JS, Ip MS, Sadda SR, West SK, Scholl HPN. Longitudinal Microperimetric Changes of Macular Sensitivity in Stargardt Disease After 12 Months: ProgStar Report No. 13. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 138:772-779. [PMID: 32463436 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Importance Functional end points for clinical trials investigating the efficacy of emerging treatments for Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1) are needed. Objective To assess the yearly rate of change of macular function in patients with STGD1 using microperimetry. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in an international selection of tertiary referral centers from October 21, 2013, to February 15, 2017. The study included participants with ABCA4-related STGD1 who were enrolled in the Natural History of the Progression of Atrophy Secondary to Stargardt Disease (ProgStar) study at baseline. Data were analyzed from February 16, 2017, to December 1, 2019. Exposure ABCA4-related STGD1 with a minimum lesion size on fundus autofluorescence and a minimum visual acuity. Main Outcomes and Measures Changes in overall macular sensitivity (MS), deep scotoma count, number of points that tested normal, and location-specific sensitivity changes. Results Among the 359 eyes from 200 patients (87 [43.5%] men; mean [SD] age, 33.3 [15.2] years) who underwent microperimetry examination graded at baseline and month 12, the mean (SD) yearly change in MS was -0.68 (2.04) dB (95% CI, -0.89 to -0.47 dB; P < .001), and deep scotoma points increased by a mean (SD) of 1.56 (5.74) points per year. The points with sensitivity of 12 dB or higher decreased in sensitivity by a mean (SD) of -3.01 (9.84) dB (95% CI, -4.03 to -1.99 dB; P < .001). The mean (SD) yearly change in MS was not significantly different between the eyes with a grading of good or fair pattern placement at both visits (-0.67 [2.1] dB) and the eyes with a poor pattern placement during at least 1 visit (-0.64 [2.2] dB) (P = .91). Conclusions and Relevance This study showed that MS and the number of deep scotoma points had measurably changed after follow-up of approximately 1 year. Microperimetry may serve as a useful functional outcome parameter for clinical trials aimed at slowing the progression of STGD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne M Schönbach
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,University Hospitals Eye Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rupert W Strauss
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Beatriz Muñoz
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yulia Wolfson
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janet S Sunness
- Hoover Low Vision Rehabilitation Services, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael S Ip
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - SriniVas R Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California.,UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Sheila K West
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Schönbach EM, Strauss RW, Ibrahim MA, Janes JL, Cideciyan AV, Birch DG, Sunness JS, Zrenner E, Ip MS, Kong X, Sadda SR, Scholl HP. The Effect of Attention on Fixation Stability During Dynamic Fixation Testing in Stargardt Disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 217:305-316. [PMID: 32422174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sensitive, reproducible visual function biomarkers are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of emerging treatments for Stargardt disease type 1 in clinical trials. We previously demonstrated that fixation stability may serve as a secondary outcome parameter for visual function loss. However, the test duration and protocol have an unknown effect on the assessment of fixation stability. Here, we hypothesize that separate fixation testing with a single target is different from combined fixation testing using the same target with simultaneous perimetry testing. DESIGN International, multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS Microperimetry data from the international, multicenter, prospective Progression of Atrophy Secondary to Stargardt Disease (ProgStar, NCT01977846) study were analyzed. Patients underwent various types of fixation testing including static testing and dynamic testing, and a duration-corrected dynamic test was generated (30sEpoch). RESULTS A total of 437 eyes from 235 patients were included (mean age, 33.8 ± 15.1 years; 55.3% female). The mean 1SD-BCEA (bivariate contour ellipse area), which is the smallest ellipse encompassing 1 standard deviation of all fixation events, was smaller for the static fixation test compared to the 30sEpoch (4.5 ± 6.9 deg2 vs 5.3 ± 7.0 deg2; P = .02) and the number of points within both the 2-degree and 4-degree circles was larger (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that differences in static and dynamic assessment of fixation stability are dependent not only on different test durations but also on the testing protocol of a single fixation target vs fixation target plus simultaneous perimetry testing and provide information on the conduct of fixation testing for clinical trials.
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Schönbach EM, Strauss RW, Kong X, Muñoz B, Ibrahim MA, Sunness JS, Birch DG, Hahn GA, Nasser F, Zrenner E, Sadda SR, West SK, Scholl HPN. Longitudinal Changes of Fixation Location and Stability Within 12 Months in Stargardt Disease: ProgStar Report No. 12. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 193:54-61. [PMID: 29890160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the natural history of Stargardt disease (STGD1) using fixation location and fixation stability. DESIGN Multicenter, international, prospective cohort study. METHODS Fixation testing was performed using the Nidek MP-1 microperimeter as part of the prospective, multicenter, natural history study on the Progression of Stargardt disease (ProgStar). A total of 238 patients with ABCA4-related STGD1 were enrolled at baseline (bilateral enrollment in 86.6%) and underwent repeat testing at months 6 and 12. RESULTS Outcome measures included the distance of the preferred retinal locus from the fovea (PRL) and the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA). After 12 months of follow-up, the change in the eccentricity of the PRL from the anatomic fovea was -0.0014 degrees (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.27 degrees, 0.27 degrees; P = .99). The deterioration in the stability of fixation as expressed by a larger BCEA encompassing 1 standard deviation of all fixation points was 1.21 degrees squared (deg2) (95% CI, -1.23 deg2, 3.65 deg2; P = .33). Eyes with increases and decreases in PRL eccentricity and/or BCEA values were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our observations point to the complexity of fixation parameters. The association of increasingly eccentric and unstable fixation with longer disease duration that is typically found in cross-sectional studies may be countered within individual patients by poorly understood processes like neuronal adaptation. Nevertheless, fixation parameters may serve as useful secondary outcome parameters in selected cases and for counseling patients to explain changes to their visual functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne M Schönbach
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rupert W Strauss
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Graz, Austria; Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Xiangrong Kong
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beatriz Muñoz
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janet S Sunness
- Hoover Low Vision Rehabilitation Services, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Gesa-Astrid Hahn
- Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fadi Nasser
- Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - SriniVas R Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sheila K West
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Cheong SK, Strazzeri JM, Williams DR, Merigan WH. All-optical recording and stimulation of retinal neurons in vivo in retinal degeneration mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194947. [PMID: 29596518 PMCID: PMC5875792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we demonstrate the application of a method that could accelerate the development of novel therapies by allowing direct and repeatable visualization of cellular function in the living eye, to study loss of vision in animal models of retinal disease, as well as evaluate the time course of retinal function following therapeutic intervention. We use high-resolution adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy to image fluorescence from the calcium sensor GCaMP6s. In mice with photoreceptor degeneration (rd10), we measured restored visual responses in ganglion cell layer neurons expressing the red-shifted channelrhodopsin ChrimsonR over a six-week period following significant loss of visual responses. Combining a fluorescent calcium sensor, a channelrhodopsin, and adaptive optics enables all-optical stimulation and recording of retinal neurons in the living eye. Because the retina is an accessible portal to the central nervous system, our method also provides a novel non-invasive method of dissecting neuronal processing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Keen Cheong
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer M. Strazzeri
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - David R. Williams
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - William H. Merigan
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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Scholl HPN, Strauss RW, Singh MS, Dalkara D, Roska B, Picaud S, Sahel JA. Emerging therapies for inherited retinal degeneration. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:368rv6. [PMID: 27928030 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inherited retinal degenerative diseases, a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous group of disorders, affect the function of photoreceptor cells and are among the leading causes of blindness. Recent advances in molecular genetics and cell biology are elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders and are helping to identify new therapeutic approaches, such as gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and optogenetics. Several of these approaches have entered the clinical phase of development. Artificial replacement of dying photoreceptor cells using retinal prostheses has received regulatory approval. Precise retinal imaging and testing of visual function are facilitating more efficient clinical trial design. In individual patients, disease stage will determine whether the therapeutic strategy should comprise photoreceptor cell rescue to delay or arrest vision loss or retinal replacement for vision restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik P N Scholl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. .,Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Rupert W Strauss
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London EC1V 2PD, U.K.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, U.K.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Mandeep S Singh
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Deniz Dalkara
- INSERM, UMR S 968, 75012 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7210, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Botond Roska
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.,Neural Circuit Laboratories, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Picaud
- INSERM, UMR S 968, 75012 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7210, 75012 Paris, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- INSERM, UMR S 968, 75012 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7210, 75012 Paris, France.,Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1423, INSERM-Center Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, 75012 Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Schönbach EM, Ibrahim MA, Kong X, Strauss RW, Muñoz B, Birch DG, Sunness JS, West SK, Scholl HPN. Metrics and Acquisition Modes for Fixation Stability as a Visual Function Biomarker. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:BIO268-BIO276. [PMID: 28973313 PMCID: PMC6733530 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare different metrics and acquisition modes of fixation stability as a new visual function biomarker in a large cohort of patients with ABCA4-related Stargardt disease from the multicenter prospective ProgStar study. Methods Fixation was tested during a separate fixation exam and also dynamically during a sensitivity exam, using fundus-tracking microperimetry (Nidek MP-1). Fixation data were analyzed using the bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA), the 2/4 degree method, and the Fujii classification. Results In a total of 235 patients, the mean BCEA was larger when measured during the sensitivity exam (418 eyes; 12.5 vs. 4.6 deg2 during the fixation task in 427 eyes). Correlations between the two tests were generally weak. Fixation stability during the sensitivity test was significantly correlated with visual acuity. Comparing the BCEA values and the corresponding Fujii categories for these eyes revealed ranges of overlap where an eye with one defined BCEA value can fall into each of the three Fujii categories. Conclusions Patients may have limited ability to fixate over defined time periods, which leads to significant differences between shorter and longer measurements of fixation stability. The most appropriate way to use this functional biomarker appears to be using continuous metrics for fixation stability, such as the BCEA, during a macular sensitivity test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne M Schönbach
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xiangrong Kong
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Rupert W Strauss
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Graz, Austria.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Muñoz
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - David G Birch
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Janet S Sunness
- Hoover Low Vision Rehabilitation Services, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Sheila K West
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Hendrik P N Scholl
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Dalkara D, Goureau O, Marazova K, Sahel JA. Let There Be Light: Gene and Cell Therapy for Blindness. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 27:134-47. [PMID: 26751519 PMCID: PMC4779297 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Retinal cell death is the main cause of vision loss in genetic disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt disease, and Leber congenital amaurosis, as well as in complex age-related diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. For these blinding conditions, gene and cell therapy approaches offer therapeutic intervention at various disease stages. The present review outlines advances in therapies for retinal degenerative disease, focusing on the progress and challenges in the development and clinical translation of gene and cell therapies. A significant body of preclinical evidence and initial clinical results pave the way for further development of these cutting edge treatments for patients with retinal degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Dalkara
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, France
| | - Olivier Goureau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, France
| | - Katia Marazova
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DHOS CIC 1423, France
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
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