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Li Y, Tian C, Song X, Du M, Zhang G, Liu H. New IMB16-4 Hot-Melt Extrusion Preparation Improved Oral Bioavailability and Enhanced Anti-Cholestatic Effect on Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:649-657. [PMID: 36879928 PMCID: PMC9985389 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s395114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholestasis is challenging to treat due to lacked effective drugs. N-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-2 (3-nitrobenzenesulfonamido) benzamide, abbreviated as IMB16-4, which may be effective for the treatment of cholestasis. However, its poor solubility and bioavailability seriously obstruct the research programs. Methods A hot-melt extrusion (HME) preparation was first applied to increase the bioavailability of IMB16-4, the oral bioavailability, anti-cholestatic effect and vitro cytotoxicity of IMB16-4 and IMB16-4-HME were evaluated. Meanwhile, the molecular docking and qRT-PCR were used to validate the mechanism behind. Results The oral bioavailability of IMB16-4-HME improved 65-fold compared with that of pure IMB16-4. Pharmacodynamics results demonstrated that IMB16-4-HME prominently decreased the serum levels of total bile acid (TBA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), but elevated the level of total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL). Histopathology revealed that IMB16-4-HME at lower dose exhibited stronger anti-cholestatic effect compared with pure IMB16-4. In addition, molecular docking demonstrated that IMB16-4 has great affinity with PPARα, and qRT-PCR results revealed that IMB16-4-HME significantly elevated the mRNA expression level of PPARα, but decreased the mRNA level of CYP7A1. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the hepatotoxicity of IMB16-4-HME was absolutely attributed to IMB16-4, and the excipients of IMB16-4-HME may increase the drug load within HepG2 cells. Conclusion The HME preparation significantly increased the oral bioavailability and anti-cholestatic effect of pure IMB16-4, but caused liver injury at high dose, which require a dose balance between the curative effect and safety in the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Li
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlin Tian
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Du
- Performance Assessment Department, Quality Management Department, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoning Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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Huang J, Su R, Chen Z, Jiang S, Chen M, Yuan Y, Hu H, Fu C, Huang Z, Wang Z, Zheng B, Li C, Wang Z, Bao Y, Cai M, Guo J, Wei Q, Xue W. The efficacy and safety of first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients: a comparison of PD-1 inhibitor and carboplatin plus gemcitabine chemotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2124691. [PMID: 36148322 PMCID: PMC9487735 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2124691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several programmed cell death (PD)-1 inhibitors are approved for the first-line treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma, their efficacy remains unknown in cisplatin-ineligible patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) compared with gemcitabine plus carboplatin. Data for patients with UTUC were retrospectively retrieved from the electronic medical records of nine institutions between 2018 and 2021. Patients considered ineligible for cisplatin who received either PD-1 inhibitors (n = 70) or gemcitabine plus carboplatin (n = 53) were included. Efficacy was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The objective response rate (ORR) was comparable between the PD-1 inhibitor and carboplatin–gemcitabine groups (38.6% versus 41.5%). Median PFS was 5.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0–8.0) in the PD-1 inhibitor group, versus 7.0 months (95% CI: 5.8–8.2) in the carboplatin–gemcitabine group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.741, 95% CI: 0.485–1.132, p = .166). Median OS was 18 months (95% CI: 4.1–31.9) in the PD-1 inhibitor group, compared with 14 months (95% CI: 12.1–15.9) in the carboplatin–gemcitabine group (HR = 0.731, 95% CI: 0.426–1.256, p = .257). The duration of response was significantly longer in the PD-1 inhibitor group than in the carboplatin–gemcitabine group (not reached vs. 9 months, p < .001). Treatment-related adverse events were less frequent in the PD-1 inhibitor group than in the carboplatin–gemcitabine group (57.1% vs. 77.3%). In conclusion, PD-1 inhibitors displayed promising efficacy with less toxicity and longer DOR in the first-line treatment of UTUC in patients ineligible for cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Huang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospitlal, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruopeng Su
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospitlal, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minfeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yichu Yuan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Department of Urology, The second hospital of Tianjin medical university, Tianjin, China
| | - Changde Fu
- Department of Urology, Quanzhou First Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyang Huang
- Department of Urology, Quanzhou First Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- The Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bing Zheng
- The Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chancan Li
- The Department of Urology, AnHui NO. 2 Provincial People Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Zaoyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yige Bao
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospitlal, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Y, Li S, Li Z, Chen J, Tan H. Intraoperative Diastolic Hypotension-Prolonged Postoperative Hospital Stay in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study with Propensity Score Matching. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:8467-8479. [PMID: 36507249 PMCID: PMC9733627 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s393358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In patients undergoing surgical resection for gastric cancer, perioperative hemodynamic fluctuations may affect organ perfusion, increase the incidence of postoperative complications, and prolong hospital stay. Patients and Methods We retrospectively identified patients who underwent resection for gastric cancer at our institution from April 1, 2015 to October 30, 2018. Demographic information, perioperative data, and information on postoperative recovery were recorded. The primary outcome was length of postoperative hospital stay; the secondary outcome was incidence of postoperative complications. Propensity score matching was performed. The associations between perioperative factors and postoperative hospital stay were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models in the full and matched cohorts. Results In total, 933 patients were included; of these, 676 had diastolic hypotension (defined as diastolic blood pressure <60 mmHg for >10 min). In both cohorts, patients with diastolic hypotension had statistically significantly longer postoperative hospital stay (full: mean 14.5 ± standard deviation 10.2 vs 11.6 ± 6.5 days, P < 0.001; matched: 13.7 ± 9.9 vs 11.7 ± 6.6 days, P = 0.009) and a higher incidence of postoperative complications (full: 170 [25.1%] vs 27 [10.5%] cases, P < 0.001; matched: 60 [24.4%] vs 33 [13.4%] cases, P = 0.003), compared with patients without diastolic hypotension. After correction for confounding factors, intraoperative diastolic hypotension was associated with longer postoperative hospital stay in both the full and the matched cohort (full: HR, 1.535 [95% CI, 1.115-2.114], P = 0.009; matched: HR, 1.532 [95% CI, 1.032-2.273], P = 0.034). Conclusion For patients with gastric cancer, intraoperative diastolic hypotension may increase the incidence of postoperative complications and prolong postoperative hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Hongyu Tan, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10 88196553, Fax +86 10 88122437, Email
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Wang X, He A, Yip KC, Liu X, Li R. Diagnostic signature and immune characteristic of aging-related genes from placentas in Preeclampsia. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:1-8. [PMID: 36218052 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2130930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy syndrome. Advanced maternal age (≥ 35 years old) is one of the major risk factors of PE and placental aging is considered to be related to this disease. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain obscured. METHODS Gene expression profiles of PE and non-PE placental samples were curated from the GSE75010 dataset. A diagnostic model was constructed and immune characteristics of PE subtypes were estimated. RESULTS A total of 58 aging-related genes, which may be associated with PE, were identified. Among them, LEP and FLT1 may be key aging-related genes. Based on 5 top genes (PIK3CB, FLT1, LEP, PIK3R1, CSNK1E), a diagnostic nomogram for PE was built (AUC = 0.872 in the GSE75010 dataset). Three molecular subtypes were clustered, which had different immune and angiogenesis characteristics. CONCLUSION The present study suggests the potential implications of aging-related genes in diagnosing PE. Diverse immune characteristics may be involved in the placental aging of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andong He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ka Cheuk Yip
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiman Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Malone SL, Haj Yahya R, Kane SC. Reviewing Accuracy of First Trimester Screening for Preeclampsia Using Maternal Factors and Biomarkers. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1371-1384. [PMID: 36161188 PMCID: PMC9507456 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s283239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a common and important complication of pregnancy, one with potentially significant morbidity and even mortality to both mother and baby. Identifying those at high risk of developing the condition is helpful as there is evidence that the incidence of preeclampsia can be reduced with low dose aspirin taken in pregnancy. Accurately predicting the risk of preeclampsia allows for more targeted aspirin prophylaxis and a greater opportunity for early detection of maternal and/or fetal complications associated with impaired placentation through a schedule of enhanced antenatal surveillance. Traditional preeclampsia prediction models use maternal characteristics and risk factors and have been shown to be of low predictive value. Multiparametric screening tests combine patient characteristics with serum biomarkers and ultrasound Doppler indices and have been shown to be more effective at detecting those at high risk of preeclampsia - more specifically, early-onset preeclampsia (onset of preeclampsia <34 weeks' gestation). Multiparametric screening has now been validated in different populations. The true cost effectiveness of a multiparametric screening model for preeclampsia screening is not yet fully known and will vary depending on the clinical setting. Despite the growing body of evidence for its improved detection rates, first trimester preeclampsia screening using multiparametric models is not widely implemented and is not part of the recommendations for antenatal screening from most international bodies. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics has advised universal preeclampsia screening using maternal risk factors and biomarkers and has strongly encouraged its promotion worldwide. Various barriers to implementation must be considered such as the immediate cost of equipment and training, the need for audit and quality control, and the expected benefit to the population. Low to middle income settings may require a pragmatic approach to the implementation of multiparametric screening given limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Malone
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, the Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rani Haj Yahya
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, the Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefan C Kane
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, the Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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López-Pardo ME, Candal-Pedreira C, Valdés-Cuadrado L, Represas-Represas C, Ruano-Ravina A, Pérez-Ríos M. Factors Related with Hospital Attendance and Mortality in Patients with COPD: A Case-Control Study in a Real-Life Setting. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:809-819. [PMID: 35444414 PMCID: PMC9015047 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s355236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rising trend in hospital admissions among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is worrying, not only because of the increasing costs, but also because of the worsening quality of life. We aimed to identify the predictive factors of hospital admission, re-admission and mortality of COPD patients through using information exclusively registered in electronic clinical records. Methods We conducted a population-based case-control study. All data were sourced from the different information systems comprising the Galician Health Service electronic record database. We included in the study patients diagnosed with COPD (code R95 in the medical record), ≥35 years old and with at least one spirometry performed ≤3 years prior inclusion. We fitted three logistic regression models, each one to ascertain the factors that influence the probability of admission, re-admission, and mortality, and calculated odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results COPD patients were admitted due to respiratory causes a mean of 1.51 times across the period December 2016-December 2017, with 55% requiring re-admission in the next 90 days. The factor most closely associated with the re-admission profile was home oxygen therapy (OR 3.06 95% CI 2.42-3.87), followed by male gender (OR 2.01 95% CI 1.48-2.72), a CHA2D-VASc scale score >2 (OR 1.28 95% CI 1.16-1.42), and severity by clinical risk group stratification (OR 1.14 95% CI 1.04-1.26). Male sex (OR 1.47 CI 95% 1.04-2.09), having been readmitted ≥2 times (OR 1.34 CI 95% 1.11-1.61) and being ≥70 years old (OR 1.05 CI 95% 1.03-1.08) increase the probability of dying from COPD during the study period. Conclusion These results confirm the complexity of management of COPD exacerbations, and indicate the need to establish strategies that would ensure continuity of care after hospital admission, with the aim of preventing re-admissions and death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Candal-Pedreira
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Valdés-Cuadrado
- Department of Pulmonology, University Clinical Teaching Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Ruano-Ravina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública/CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela - IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública/CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela - IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Deng Y, Ye B, Yang Q. COVID-19 Related Emotional Stress and Bedtime Procrastination Among College Students in China: A Moderated Mediation Model. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1437-1447. [PMID: 36033906 PMCID: PMC9416325 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s371292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although bedtime procrastination is prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about the relationship between COVID-19 related emotional stress and bedtime procrastination. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between COVID-19 related emotional stress and bedtime procrastination and examined the mediating role of negative affect and the moderating role of rumination among Chinese college students. METHODS A multicenter, cross-sectional, and quantitative research was conducted in China from August 11, 2021, to August 27, 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sampling method used in the study is the convenience sampling method. A total of 913 college students (aged 18-24 years) participated and completed online self-reported questionnaires. Their levels of COVID-19 related emotional stress, negative affect, rumination, and bedtime procrastination were measured by the Coronavirus Stress Measure, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Ruminative Responses Scale, and the Bedtime Procrastination Scale, respectively. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlations and moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS COVID-19 related emotional stress was positively associated with bedtime procrastination. Meanwhile, the association could be mediated by negative affect (Effect = 0.33, Boot 95% CI = [0.26, 0.39]) and moderated by rumination (Effect = 0.05, Boot 95% CI = [0.03, 0.07]) through its moderation in the link between COVID-19 related emotional stress and negative affect. This indicated that the mediation effect of negative affect was stronger in college students with high levels of rumination than in those with low levels of rumination. CONCLUSION The findings of this study shed light on a correlation between COVID-19 related emotional stress and bedtime procrastination. Moreover, this study suggests that interventions could be targeted at alleviating negative affect and rumination to reduce the bedtime procrastination of college students with high levels of COVID-19 related emotional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Deng
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojuan Ye
- Center of Mental Health Education and Research, School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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Tiwari V, Kumar M, Tiwari A, Sahoo BM, Singh S, Kumar S, Saharan R. Current trends in diagnosis and treatment strategies of COVID-19 infection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:64987-65013. [PMID: 34601675 PMCID: PMC8487330 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronaviruses are terrifically precise and adapted towards specialized respiratory epithelial cells, observed in organ culture and human volunteers both. This virus is found to possess an unpredictable anti-viral T-cell response which in turn results in T-cell activation and finally apoptosis, leading to cytokine storm and collapse of the whole immune system. The present review provides comprehensive information regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection, mutant strains, and the impact of SARS-COV-2 on vital organs, the pathophysiology of the disease, diagnostic tests available, and possible treatments. It also includes all the vaccines developed so far throughout the world to control this pandemic. Until now, 18 vaccines have been approved by the WHO and further 22 vaccines are in the third trial. This study also provides up-to-date information regarding the drugs repurposed in clinical trials and the recent status of allopathic drugs along with its result. Although vaccines are available, specific treatment is not available for the disease. Furthermore, the effect of vaccines on new variants is a new area of research at this time. Therefore, a preventive attitude is the best approach to fight against this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacy, Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Lalpur (U.S. Nagar), Uttrakhand, Rudrapur, 236148, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Abhishek Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacy, Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Lalpur (U.S. Nagar), Uttrakhand, Rudrapur, 236148, India.
| | - Biswa Mohan Sahoo
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Odisha, ha-760010, Berhampur, India
| | - Sunil Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sai College of Pharmacy, Handia, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, 221503, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Bharat Institute of Pharmacy, Pehladpur, Babain, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136156, India
| | - Renu Saharan
- M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
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Xie Y, Qu X, Li J, Li D, Wei W, Hui D, Zhang Q, Meng F, Yin H, Xu X, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhou Z. Ultrafast physical bacterial inactivation and photocatalytic self-cleaning of ZnO nanoarrays for rapid and sustainable bactericidal applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139714. [PMID: 32531587 PMCID: PMC7266591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Various nanostructured surfaces have been developed recently to physically inactivate bacteria, for reducing the rapidly spreading threat of pathogenic bacteria. However, it generally takes several hours for these surfaces to inactivate most of the bacteria, which greatly limits their application in the fields favoring rapid bactericidal performance. Besides, the accumulated bacteria debris left on these surfaces is rarely discussed in the previous reports. Herein we report the nanotip-engineered ZnO nanoarrays (NAs) with ultrafast physical bactericidal rate and the ability to photocatalytically remove the bacteria debris. Neither chemical (Zn2+ or reactive oxygen species) nor photocatalytic effect leads to the ultrafast bactericidal rate, where 97.5% of E. coli and 94.9% of S. aureus are inactivated within only 1 min. The simulation analysis further supported our proposed mechanism attributing the ultrafast bactericidal activity to the great stress enabled by the uneven topography. Moreover, the re-exposure of the ZnO NAs nanotips can be achieved in only 10 min under a mild UV light source. This study not only presents an ultrafast physical bactericidal activity, but also demonstrates the potential of the recyclable and photocatalytic self-cleaning functions of theses surfaces for applications that desire rapid and sustainable bactericidal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xi Qu
- Beijing Space Technology Research and Test Center, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jinyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Da Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - David Hui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Qiao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Fanbin Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Shenzhou Space Biology Science and Technology (Group) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Zuowan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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Majumder MS, Mandl KD. Early in the Epidemic: Impact of preprints on global discourse of 2019-nCoV transmissibility. SSRN 2020:3536663. [PMID: 32714103 PMCID: PMC7366820 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3536663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maimuna S. Majumder
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Mandl
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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