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Kurukularatne C. Risks of thermal home remedies for COVID-19. Singapore Med J 2024; 65:S2-S4. [PMID: 35611503 PMCID: PMC11073649 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2022062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changa Kurukularatne
- Managing Director and Head, Infection Prevention and Control, Sarva Medical and Wound Care Clinic, 93 Dehiwala Road, Boralesgamuwa, Sri Lanka
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2
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Kannikeswaran N, Ehrman RR, Vitale L, Oag K, Sundaralingam S, Spencer P, Donoghue L, Sethuraman U. Comparison of Trauma and Burn Evaluations in a Pediatric Emergency Department During Pre, Early and Late COVID-19 Pandemic. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:1803-1808. [PMID: 37032192 PMCID: PMC10019029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric trauma epidemiology altered during early COVID-19 pandemic period but the impact of the ongoing pandemic is unknown. OBJECTIVES To compare pediatric trauma epidemiology between the pre, early and late pandemic periods and to evaluate the association of race and ethnicity on injury severity during the pandemic. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of trauma consults for an injury/burn in children ≤16 years between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2021. Study period was categorized into pre (January 1, 2019-February 28, 2020), early (March 1, 2020-December 31, 2020), and late (January 1, 2021-December 31, 2021) pandemic. Demographics, etiology, injury/burn severity, interventions and outcomes were noted. RESULTS A total of 4940 patients underwent trauma evaluation. Compared to pre-pandemic, trauma evaluations for injuries and burns increased during both the early (RR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.6-2.82 and RR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.39-3.63, respectively) and late pandemic periods (RR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.09-1.86 and RR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.55-3.83, respectively). Severe injuries, hospital admissions, operations and death were higher in the early pandemic but reverted to pre-pandemic levels during late pandemic. Non-Hispanic Blacks had an approximately 40% increase in mean ISS during both pandemic periods though they had lower odds of severe injury during both pandemic periods. CONCLUSIONS Trauma evaluations for injuries and burns increased during the pandemic periods. There was a significant association of race and ethnicity with injury severity which varied with pandemic periods. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective comparative study, Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Kannikeswaran
- Central Michigan University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Robert R Ehrman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Ave Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lisa Vitale
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Katherine Oag
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Priya Spencer
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lydia Donoghue
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Usha Sethuraman
- Central Michigan University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Wu JJ, Zhang F, Liu J, Yao HJ, Wang Y. Effect of silver-containing hydrofiber dressing on burn wound healing: A meta-analysis and systematic review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1685-1691. [PMID: 36683314 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver sulfadiazine is commonly used to treat local burn wounds. Aquacel-Ag is a hydrogen fiber dressing containing ionic silver that reduces burn wound infection and promotes antimicrobial activity. It is necessary to compare the efficacy of the two in the healing of burns. AIMS The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of Aquacel-Ag on burn wound healing. METHODS A computerized search of CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Science Direct, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and Open Access Library databases was performed from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2021 for randomized controlled clinical trials. The trials on Aquacel-Ag dressing and silver sulfadiazine in the treatment of burns were selected. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.0 software. RESULTS Eleven articles were finally included, with 794 burn patients. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with patients treated with silver sulfadiazine, burn patients treated with Aquacel-Ag dressing had shorter wound healing time [MD = -2.49, 95% CI (-5.64-0.65), p = 0.12], significantly lower tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level [MD = -0.52, 95% CI (-0.82-0.22), p = 0.0008], higher wound healing rate [MD = 8.41, 95% CI (3.39-13.43), p = 0.001], fewer dressing changes [MD = -3.27, 95% CI (-4.90-1.63), p < 0.0001]. CONCLUSION Aquacel-Ag dressing can shorten wound healing time and effectively reduce inflammatory reactions in burn patients compared with silver sulfadiazine, but their safety still needs further exploration and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Jun Yao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Disinfection and Supply, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
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4
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Hairston TKS, Philpott D, Ryan LM, Nasr I, Genies M, Badaki-Makun O. A traumatic pandemic: High acuity pediatric trauma in the COVID19 era. Injury 2022; 53:3289-3292. [PMID: 35970637 PMCID: PMC9359594 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gaps remain in our understanding on how COVID19 affects trends in pediatric trauma, the leading cause of mortality and morbidity during childhood and adolescence. METHODS We compared high acuity trauma visits (requiring admission, surgery, or fatality) presenting between March through February 2021 to corresponding months in 2017-2019. We evaluated the differences in mechanisms of injury, age, and Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a measure of socioeconomic disadvantage, during this time period. Data were analyzed using longitudinal time series analyses and t-tests. RESULTS Of 687 traumas presenting from March 2020 through February 2021, 322 were high acuity traumas. High acuity traumas declined significantly to a nadir of 16 in April 2020. High acuity traumas increased and surpassed previous years to a peak of 40 visits in August 2020 and from October through December 2020. There were more visits for high acuity assaults and confirmed or suspected physical child abuse but fewer for falls, drownings, and motor vehicle accidents from March to August 2020 and from October through December 2020 compared to prior years. High acuity assaults and physical child abuse cases on average were from the most disadvantaged areas, and physical child abuse patients were younger during the peak of the Pandemic compared to Pre-Pandemic months. CONCLUSION This analysis provides insight into how the COVID19 pandemic has affected high acuity trauma in an inner-city pediatric population. Findings may be used to guide public health measures on safety and injury prevention as the pandemic continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Kyung S. Hairston
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States,Corresponding author
| | - David Philpott
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Leticia Manning Ryan
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Isam Nasr
- General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Marquita Genies
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Oluwakemi Badaki-Makun
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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Sulaiman A, Lim CY, Brussius Coelho M, Hayward P, Nicklin S, Gianoutsos M. Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on emergency paediatric plastic surgery admissions. AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.34239/ajops.v5n2.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: On 23rd March 2020, Australia went into a nationwide lockdown that led to school closures. As a result, children spent more time at home, increasing their vulnerability to injuries sustained at home. This study aims to analyse the patterns of emergency paediatric plastic surgery admissions into a tertiary paediatric hospital in Sydney during the COVID-19 lockdown period, and to raise awareness on the impacts of lockdown measures on the vulnerable pediatric population.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted at a tertiary paediatric hospital in Sydney. Admissions into the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery department during the lockdown period of 23rd March to 15th May 2020, and the same period in 2019 were included in the analysis. Ethics approval for the study was obtained from the Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network Human Research Ethics Committee [HREC Reference 2021/ETH00451]
Results: There were 37 and 91 admissions in 2020 and 2019 respectively. The proportion of injuries sustained at home increased by 24% in 2020, consistent with increased time spent at home. The percentage of injuries due to animal bites and sharp objects increased while number of sports-related injuries and falls decreased during the lockdown. Motor vehicle accidents increased in 2020. More patients also opted for conservative management in 2020.
Conclusion: This study has shown that during a pandemic lockdown, home injuries are more common, children are less likely to present to hospital and more likely to opt for conservative management. With a greater understanding of patterns of paediatric injuries during lockdowns, the relevant authorities can develop targeted advisories for dissemination to the public on how to create a safe home environment for children.
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Cutaneous steam burns and steam inhalation injuries: a literature review and a case presentation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-022-01955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Scald is one type of burn that s often mentioned alone and occurs mostly in the paediatric population. Inhaled steam is mostly cooled off in the airways, why thermal damage is rarely seen. A sudden exposure to hot steam/inhalation can cause a thermal inhalation injury. A scoping review was performed, with the aim to summarize all published papers in English, about steam-related injuries. The search was conducted using the PubMed® and Cochrane libraries on 19th of May 2021, without a set time period. Out of a total of 1186 identified records, 31 were chosen for review. Burns related to the contact with steam are generally rare and can be both minor and severe. The more severe cases related to steam exposure are mostly workplace accidents and the minor injuries reported in the literature are often related to steam inhalation therapy, especially in the paediatric population. This review describes the challenges that can be found dealing with patients suffering from cutaneous steam burns and/or steam inhalation injuries. A steam injury to the airways or the skin can be directly life-threatening and should be treated with caution. This type of injury can lead to acute respiratory insufficiency and sometimes death. A case of a male patient with extensive cutaneous steam burns and a steam inhalation injury who passed away after 11 days of treatment is also presented to illustrate this review.
Level of evidence: Level V, Therapeutic; Risk/Prognostic Study.
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Phillips GS, Wormald JC, Yoshimura R, Gardiner MD, Rodrigues JN, Collins DP. RSTNCOVID Burns: A multi-centre service evaluation and stakeholder survey of the impact of COVID-19 on burns care in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022; 75:1602-1609. [PMID: 34955398 PMCID: PMC8631049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
As the UK entered the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the National Health Service published consensus guidance to the UK burns services advising changes to the acute management of burns to allow the continuation of safe care while protecting limited hospital resources. We aimed to describe the demographics of burns service users, changes to clinical pathways and experiences of the burns team during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. All burns services in the UK were invited to participate in a national collaborative, trainee-led study supported by the Reconstructive Surgery Trials Network. The study consisted of (1) a service evaluation of patients receiving burns treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) a multidisciplinary team survey. Analyses were descriptive and narrative depending on data types. Collaborators from 18 sites contributed data from burns MDT surveys and 512 patients. Patient demographics were consistent with typical burns patterns in the UK. The delayed presentation occurred in 20% of cases, with 24 patients developing complications. MDT surveys indicated substantial adaptations and challenges as a result of the pandemic. Access to theatres and critical care were limited, yet a comprehensive acute burns service was maintained. Telemedicine was utilised heavily to reduce patient footfall. Adaptations in the provision of burns care, including greater outpatient care and telemedicine, have emerged out of necessity with reported success. The impact of reduced scar therapy and psychological interventions for burns patients during the pandemic requires longer-term follow-up. Lessons from the UK experience can be used to strategise for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina S.A. Phillips
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin C.R. Wormald
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom,Corresponding author
| | - Ryo Yoshimura
- Hull York Medical School, John Hughlings Jackson Building, University Road, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D. Gardiner
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom,Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Wexham Park Hospital, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy N. Rodrigues
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom,Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, United Kingdom
| | - Declan P. Collins
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Shack M, L Davis A, WJ Zhang E, Rosenfield D. Bicycle injuries presenting to the emergency department during COVID-19 lockdown. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:600-603. [PMID: 34612571 PMCID: PMC8661730 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been many changes in the presenting complaints in paediatric emergency departments (EDs). We sought to characterise the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on bicycle-related injuries in children presenting to a tertiary care paediatric ED. METHODS We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study of ED visits to a large urban tertiary children's hospital, comparing March to October 2020 (the study period) to the same date range 2 years prior (i.e. March to October 2018-2019). We included children 0-17.99 years presenting for a bicycle-related injury. We compared absolute visit counts of bike injuries per month, demographics, triage acuity, injury type and disposition. RESULTS A total of 1215 bike-related visits were analysed. There were 234 presentations in 2018 (March to October), 305 in 2019, and 676 in 2020. Overall, the mean age was 9.5 years (standard deviation 5.5-13.5), there were 67% males, median Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale score was 3 (interquartile range 3-4) and the most common injuries were fractures (n = 471, 38.8%). There were significantly more bike injuries presenting to the ED per month in the COVID group, 33.7(17.9) versus 84.5(61.4) (two-tailed P value = 0.041). There was no statistical difference in 'severe injuries' pre- versus post-COVID (odds ratio 0.815 (95% confidence interval 0.611-1.088), P = 0.165). CONCLUSION There was a significant increase in bicycle-related injuries presenting to our ED during the pandemic, compared to previous years. Evaluating these trends will allow for the exploration of harm reduction strategies for preventing future bicycle-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Shack
- Pediatric Emergency MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada,Postgraduate Medical EducationUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Adrienne L Davis
- Pediatric Emergency MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Evangeline WJ Zhang
- Pediatric Emergency MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Daniel Rosenfield
- Pediatric Emergency MedicineThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
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9
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Pediatric head and neck burns increased during early COVID-19 pandemic. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 134:528-532. [PMID: 35660365 PMCID: PMC8959658 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to describe patterns of burns to the head and neck in children during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Study design This cross-sectional study reviewed pediatric patients in the Burn Care Quality Platform Registry. Patients were included if they were ≤17.9 years old and had sustained burns to the head and neck. Patients were separated into the following groups: March 13 to September 13, 2019 (before COVID-19 pandemic, BC) or March 13 to September 13, 2020 (during the initial 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, C19). The study team collected patient-related variables, details regarding burn injury, burn severity, and hospital course. Univariate and bivariate analyses were calculated. The chi-squared test was used for categorical variables. Statistical significance was P < .05. Results Fifty-five children with head and neck burn injuries were included. There was a 200% increase in burns to the head and neck region in children in April 2021 compared with previous year. Burns to head and neck in White children occurred more often during C19 (P = .03). The study revealed differences in timing of presentation (time of burn injury to emergency department admission) in different racial groups during (White children [P = .05]), and after the pandemic (African American children [P = .02]). Conclusions There was a transient increase in burns to the head and neck region in children during the early pandemic compared with the historic cohort.
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10
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Impact of the 2020 French lockdown due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on emergency consultations for pediatric burns in a regional referral hospital. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2022; 67:81-85. [PMID: 35210099 PMCID: PMC8831135 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 pandemic required the establishment of total lockdown in France from March 17 to May 11, 2020. We analyzed the impact of this lockdown on the pediatric burn population consulting in our burn unit during this period compared to data from previous years in order to analyze our model of emergency care for children burned during this unprecedented situation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We carried out a retrospective single-center study by reviewing files concerning emergency consultations for children burns during the total lockdown in France in 2020 (COVID group) compared to the same weeks of 2018 and 2019 (no-COVID group). RESULTS We find a significant decrease in the number of consultations (P=0.02) during the confinement period. In the "COVID" group, we found a significant increase in burn to the hand (P=0.03) and lower limbs (P=0.03). The other criteria evaluated did not find any difference between the groups. Assessment of a possible rebound effect within 2 weeks of total lockdown found an increased incidence of the children burn consultation, an increased number of older children and mainly male. CONCLUSION The decrease in the number of consultations alerts us to a potential increase in the functional sequelae of burns in these patients at risk. Longer-term follow-up will allow us to assess the consequences of this lockdown on this particularly at-risk population.
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Monte-Soldado A, López-Masramon B, Rivas-Nicolls D, Andrés-Collado A, Aguilera-Sáez J, Serracanta J, Barret JP. Changes in the epidemiologic profile of burn patients during the lockdown in Catalonia (Spain): A warning call to strengthen prevention strategies in our community. Burns 2022; 48:228-233. [PMID: 33858713 PMCID: PMC8022510 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is the defining global health crisis of our time. Spain has had one of the highest burdens of COVID-19 worldwide. During this period, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Burn Center (Barcelona) has faced a unique challenge: supporting the hospital response against COVID whilst continued offering an optimal care to the burn patient. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to characterize the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of acute burn patients who received urgent health care or admission to the our Burn Center during the mandatory confinement period in Spain forced by the COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS We analyzed the medical records of burn patients who received urgent care and/or admission to our Burn Center during the mandatory confinement period in Spain (Period 1: from March 14th to May 9th, 2020) and during the same period of the last year (Period 2: from March 14th to May 9th, 2019). Both groups were compared in order to find differences in the epidemiologic profile of burned patients. RESULTS A total of 350 burns cases were analyzed. A 36% reduction in the number of emergency department visits was identified during Period 1. However, we found an increase in the rate of hospital admissions in Period 1 (20% of the burn cases) compared with Period 2 (13% of the burn cases). Seventy-six burn-related primary admissions were analyzed: 37 patients were admitted during Period 1 and 39 patients during Period 2. No differences were found between the two periods in the proportion of patients that underwent surgical treatment: 59.5% of patients admitted during Period 1 and 61.5% of patients admitted during Period 2. A statistically significant increase was noted in the rate of paediatric (aged 0-16 years old) admissions during Period 1 (40.54%, n = 15) compared to Period 2 (20.5%, n = 8). Among paediatric patients, an increase in the rate of surgical procedures was noted in Period 1 (47% of children), compared with Period 2 (37% of children). Proportion of patients that were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit was higher among burn children admitted during period 1 (46.7%, n = 7) than those admitted during Period 2 (25%, n = 2). Among the 37 patients admitted during the lockdown period, two positive COVID-19 patients were confirmed. CONCLUSIONS This study gives an overview of the clinical and epidemiologic profile of burned patients during the stringent lockdown in Spain forced by the COVID-19 epidemic. Our data shows a stable trend in the number of burn-related admissions and burn related-surgeries during the confinement period. A significant increase in the rate of burn children admitted and an increase in the severity of injuries in this population is noted. These data must be taken in account in the development of strategies to ensure the maintenance of Burn Centers function in extremely situations such as the current epidemic. A lack of effective burn prevention campaigns in our environment has been noted and the development of focused prevention strategies is a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Monte-Soldado
- Plastic Surgery Department and Burn Center, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Bernat López-Masramon
- Plastic Surgery Department and Burn Center, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Danilo Rivas-Nicolls
- Plastic Surgery Department and Burn Center, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aranzazu Andrés-Collado
- Plastic Surgery Department and Burn Center, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Aguilera-Sáez
- Plastic Surgery Department and Burn Center, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Serracanta
- Plastic Surgery Department and Burn Center, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan P Barret
- Plastic Surgery Department and Burn Center, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
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Hatami P, Balighi K, Nicknam Asl H, Aryanian Z. Serious health threat of mucormycosis during the ongoing
COVID
‐19 pandemic: what dermatologists need to know in this regard. Int J Dermatol 2022; 61:979-981. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Hatami
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Kamran Balighi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Dermatology Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Nicknam Asl
- Department of Dentistry Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS) Rafsanjan Iran
| | - Zeinab Aryanian
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Dermatology Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
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13
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Dearden AS, North AS, Varma S. Severe scalds sustained during steam inhalation therapy in an adult population: analysis of patient outcomes and the financial burden to healthcare services. JPRAS Open 2022; 32:8-12. [PMID: 35198720 PMCID: PMC8851155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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Haldane V, Jung AS, Neill R, Singh S, Wu S, Jamieson M, Verma M, Tan M, De Foo C, Abdalla SM, Shrestha P, Chua AQ, Nordström A, Legido-Quigley H. From response to transformation: how countries can strengthen national pandemic preparedness and response systems. BMJ 2021; 375:e067507. [PMID: 34840139 PMCID: PMC8624064 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Haldane
- Department of Global Health & Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Anne-Sophie Jung
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Rachel Neill
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Sudhvir Singh
- The Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response Secretariat
| | - Shishi Wu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Margaret Jamieson
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Monica Verma
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and NUHS, Singapore
| | - Melisa Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and NUHS, Singapore
| | - Chuan De Foo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and NUHS, Singapore
| | - Salma M Abdalla
- The Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response Secretariat
- School of Public Health, Boston University, USA
| | - Pami Shrestha
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and NUHS, Singapore
| | - Alvin Qijia Chua
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and NUHS, Singapore
| | - Anders Nordström
- The Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response Secretariat
| | - Helena Legido-Quigley
- Department of Global Health & Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
- The Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response Secretariat
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and NUHS, Singapore
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15
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Haldane V, Jung AS, De Foo C, Bonk M, Jamieson M, Wu S, Verma M, Abdalla SM, Singh S, Nordström A, Legido-Quigley H. Strengthening the basics: public health responses to prevent the next pandemic. BMJ 2021; 375:e067510. [PMID: 34840134 PMCID: PMC8624065 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-067510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Haldane
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Chuan De Foo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore
| | - Mathias Bonk
- Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response Secretariat
| | - Margaret Jamieson
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Shishi Wu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Monica Verma
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore
| | - Salma M Abdalla
- Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response Secretariat
- School of Public Health, Boston University, USA
| | - Sudhvir Singh
- Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response Secretariat
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anders Nordström
- Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response Secretariat
| | - Helena Legido-Quigley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Singapore
- Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response Secretariat
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16
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Ramaswami A, Sahu AK, Kumar A, Suresh S, Nair A, Gupta D, Chouhan R, Bhat R, Mathew R, Majeed JA, Aggarwal P, Nayer J, Ekka M, Thakar A, Singh G, Xess I, Wig N. COVID-19-associated mucormycosis presenting to the Emergency Department-an observational study of 70 patients. QJM 2021; 114:464-470. [PMID: 34254132 PMCID: PMC8420631 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucormycosis (MM) is a deadly opportunistic fungal infection and a large surge in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) is occurring in India. AIM Our aim was to delineate the clinico-epidemiological profile and identify risk factors of CAM patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). DESIGN This was a retrospective, single-centre, observational study. METHODS We included patients who presented with clinical features or diagnosed MM and who were previously treated for COVID-19 in last 3 months of presentation (recent COVID-19) or currently being treated for COVID-19 (active COVID-19). Information regarding clinical features of CAM, possible risk factors, examination findings, diagnostic workup including imaging and treatment details were collected. RESULTS Seventy CAM patients (median age: 44.5 years, 60% males) with active (75.7%) or recent COVID-19 (24.3%) who presented to the ED in between 6 May 2021 and 1 June 2021, were included. A median duration of 20 days (interquartile range: 13.5-25) was present between the onset of COVID-19 symptoms and the onset of CAM symptoms. Ninety-three percent patients had at least one risk factor. Most common risk factors were diabetes mellitus (70%) and steroid use for COVID-19 disease (70%). After clinical, microbiological and radiological workup, final diagnosis of rhino-orbital CAM was made in most patients (68.6%). Systemic antifungals were started in the ED and urgent surgical debridement was planned. CONCLUSION COVID-19 infection along with its medical management have increased patient susceptibility to MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramaswami
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - A K Sahu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - S Suresh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - A Nair
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - D Gupta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - R Chouhan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - R Bhat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - R Mathew
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - J A Majeed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - P Aggarwal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - J Nayer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - M Ekka
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - A Thakar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - G Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - I Xess
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - N Wig
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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Rafiqul Islam A, Ferdousi J, Shahinozzaman M. Previously published ethno-pharmacological reports reveal the potentiality of plants and plant-derived products used as traditional home remedies by Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients to combat SARS-CoV-2. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6653-6673. [PMID: 34305428 PMCID: PMC8285211 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several plants have traditionally been used since antiquity to treat various gastroenteritis and respiratory symptoms similar to COVID-19 outcomes. The common symptoms of COVID-19 include fever or chills, cold, cough, flu, headache, diarrhoea, tiredness/fatigue, sore throat, loss of taste or smell, asthma, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing, etc. This study aims to find out the plants and plant-derived products which are being used by the COVID-19 infected patients in Bangladesh and how those plants are being used for the management of COVID-19 symptoms. In this study, online and partially in-person survey interviews were carried out among Bangladeshi respondents. We selected Bangladeshi COVID-19 patients who were detected Coronavirus positive (+) by RT-PCR nucleic acid test and later recovered. Furthermore, identified plant species from the surveys were thoroughly investigated for safety and efficacy based on the previous ethnomedicinal usage reports. Based on the published data, they were also reviewed for their significant potentialities as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory agents. We explored comprehensive information about a total of 26 plant species, belonging to 23 genera and 17 different botanical families, used in COVID-19 treatment as home remedies by the respondents. Most of the plants and plant-derived products were collected directly from the local marketplace. According to our survey results, greatly top 5 cited plant species measured as per the highest RFC value are Camellia sinensis (1.0) > Allium sativum (0.984) > Azadirachta indica (0.966) > Zingiber officinale (0.966) > Syzygium aromaticum (0.943). Previously published ethnomedicinal usage reports, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activity of the concerned plant species also support our results. Thus, the survey and review analysis simultaneously reveals that these reported plants and plant-derived products might be promising candidates for the treatment of COVID-19. Moreover, this study clarifies the reported plants for their safety during COVID-19 management and thereby supporting them to include in any future pre-clinical and clinical investigation for developing herbal COVID-19 therapeutics.
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Key Words
- BAL, Bronchoalveolar lavage
- BALF, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- Bangladesh
- CHO-K1, Wild-type Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K1 cells
- CIK, Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney Cell line
- COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- COVID-19
- CRD, Complex chronic respiratory disease
- CRFK, Crandell-Reese feline kidney cells
- EGCG, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- EPO, Eosinophil peroxidase
- Ethnobotany
- FRhk-4cells, Fetal rhesus monkey kidney cells
- H1N1, Hemagglutinin Type 1 and Neuraminidase Type 1
- HEK293T, Human embryonic kidney cells
- HEp-2 cells, Epithelial cells of human larynx carcinoma
- HLAC, Human lymphoid aggregate cultures
- HeLa, Human epithelial cervical carcinoma cell lines
- Huh-7, Human hepatocyte-derived carcinoma cell line
- IBD, Inflammatory bowel disease
- ICU, Intensive care unit
- IFN‐γ, Interferon‐gamma
- IL, Interleukin
- IgE, Immunoglobulin E
- MARC-145 cells, African green monkey kidney cell line
- MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MDCK, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cell lines
- MEF, Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells
- Medicinal plants
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor-kappaB
- PBMCs, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
- RT-PCR, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- SARS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome
- TNF-β, Tumor necrosis factor‐beta
- TNF‐α, Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha
- Th, T-helper
- Traditional home remedies
- VERO cell lines, African green monkey kidney cell lines
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Affiliation(s)
- A.T.M. Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Barishal, Barishal 8200, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdousi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, University of Barishal, Barishal 8200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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Arora R, Goel R, Khanam S, Kumar S, Shah S, Singh S, Chhabra M, Meher R, Khurana N, Sagar T, Kumar S, Garg S, Kumar J, Saxena S, Pant R. Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral-Mucormycosis During the COVID-19 Second Wave in 2021 - A Preliminary Report from a Single Hospital. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:3505-3514. [PMID: 34429582 PMCID: PMC8380130 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s324977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To list the clinico-epidemiological profile and possible risk factors of COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (CA-ROCM) patients presenting to a COVID dedicated hospital during the second wave of COVID-19 in India. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional, single-center study was done on 60 cases of probable CA-ROCM based on clinical features and supportive diagnostic nasal endoscopic findings and/or radiologic findings. Patients with recent or active COVID-19 were included. The demographic profile, clinical features, possible risk factors and diagnostic workup (microbiological, pathological and radiological) were analysed to identify the triggering factors for CA-ROCM. RESULTS The age of patients ranged from 29 to 75 years and male-female ratio was 3:1. The duration between the first positive COVID report and onset of CA-ROCM was 0 to 47 days. Forty-nine (81.66%) patients had a recent COVID infection and 11 (18.33%) had active COVID infection at presentation. Thirty-five patients (58%) had ocular/orbital involvement at presentation. In the affected eye, 10 had no perception of light and in the rest visual acuity ranged from log MAR 0 to +1.5. Ocular manifestations were ptosis (29), ophthalmoplegia (23), periocular tenderness and edema (33), proptosis (14), black discoloration of eyelids (3), facial palsy (3), endophthalmitis (4), retinal artery occlusion (8), disc edema (4) and disc pallor (5). Twenty-two (25%) patients had neither received steroids nor oxygen. Thirty patients (50%) were managed with oxygen while 38 patients (63.3%) with systemic steroids. The most common risk factor was diabetes in 59 patients. The average glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 10.31 ± 2.59%. Systemic Amphotericin B was started in all the patients. Radical surgical debridement was performed in 12 patients and the remaining were planned. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 variant with accompanying glycaemic dysregulation was found to be the triggering factor for the epidemic of CA-ROCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Arora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Goel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Samreen Khanam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalin Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Chhabra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Meher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Khurana
- Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanu Sagar
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Garg
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Kumar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Pant
- Society for Health Education and Allied Research, New Delhi, India
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19
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Mchome Z, Mshana G, Peter E, Aloyce D, Kapiga S, Stöckl H. Women's Narratives about COVID-19, Preventive Practices and Sources of Information in Northwestern Tanzania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105261. [PMID: 34063334 PMCID: PMC8156351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected millions of people across the world. We conducted a phone based qualitative study to explore women’s perceptions of COVID-19, knowledge of its symptoms, transmission, and prevention practices in Northwestern Tanzania. We also examined their sources of information about the disease. Findings show that much of women’s framing of etiology, symptoms, and transmission routes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) greatly reflects the World Health Organization (WHO)/Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) frame. Their preventive practices against COVID-19 included the biomedical, cultural, and religious frames, as participants engaged traditional practices and spiritual interventions alongside public health recommendations. Mass media was the main source of information about COVID-19, and one of the trusted sources, in addition to religious and local leaders. To be effective, health promotion programs on pandemics should make more use of the mass media, and communal networks to reach populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaina Mchome
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza P.O. Box 11936, Tanzania; (Z.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (S.K.)
- Mwanza Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health, Mwanza P.O. Box 1462, Tanzania
| | - Gerry Mshana
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza P.O. Box 11936, Tanzania; (Z.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (S.K.)
- Mwanza Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health, Mwanza P.O. Box 1462, Tanzania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +255-754889922
| | - Esther Peter
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza P.O. Box 11936, Tanzania; (Z.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Diana Aloyce
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza P.O. Box 11936, Tanzania; (Z.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (S.K.)
| | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza P.O. Box 11936, Tanzania; (Z.M.); (E.P.); (D.A.); (S.K.)
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Heidi Stöckl
- Gender Violence and Health Centre, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15–17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK;
- Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80331 Munich, Germany
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20
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Perry V, Teague WJ. Same formula, different philosophy: more mindful use of the Modified Parkland Formula in severe burns. ANZ J Surg 2021; 91:490-492. [PMID: 33847054 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Perry
- Trauma Service, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Warwick J Teague
- Trauma Service, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Burns Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Surgical Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Coker M, Folayan MO, Michelow IC, Oladokun RE, Torbunde N, Sam-Agudu NA. Things must not fall apart: the ripple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children in sub-Saharan Africa. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1078-1086. [PMID: 32971527 PMCID: PMC8119239 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zero to 19 year-old children in sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate proportion of the global burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Significant public health gains have been made in the fight against these diseases, however, factors such as underequipped health systems, disease outbreaks, conflict, and political instability continue to challenge prevention and control. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) introduces new challenges to public health programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Of particular concern are programs targeting major conditions among children, such as undernutrition, vaccine-preventable pneumonia and diarrhea, malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, and sickle cell disease. This article focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child health in sub-Saharan Africa. We review the epidemiology of major pediatric diseases and, referencing modeling projections, discuss the short- and long-term impact of the pandemic on major disease control. We deliberate on potential complications of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections/co-morbidities and identify critical social and ethical issues. Furthermore, we highlight the paucity of COVID-19 data and clinical trials in this region and the lack of child participants in ongoing studies. Lastly, approaches and interventions to mitigate the pandemic's impact on child health outcomes are discussed. IMPACT: Children in sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases globally; this remains true even as the COVID-19 pandemic persists. Amidst the fast-expanding COVID-19 literature, there is little comprehensive coverage of the pandemic's indirect impact on child health in sub-Saharan Africa. This article comprehensively outlines the threat that the pandemic poses to major disease prevention and control for children in sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections/co-morbidities, highlights research gaps, and advocates for data and action to mitigate the ripple effects of the pandemic on this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modupe Coker
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Plot 252 Herbert Macaulay Way, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Ian C Michelow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Regina E Oladokun
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Nguavese Torbunde
- Pediatric and Adolescent HIV Unit, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nadia A Sam-Agudu
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Plot 252 Herbert Macaulay Way, Abuja, Nigeria.
- Pediatric and Adolescent HIV Unit, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Coast School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana.
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22
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Baba PUF, Shah R, Bhat H, Gul A, Wani A. Burns and COVID-19: Is the synergy sinister? INDIAN JOURNAL OF BURNS 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijb.ijb_24_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the therapeutic effects and toxicity of the eponymous concoction described in Roald Dahl's book George's Marvellous Medicine. DESIGN Literature review. SETTING Two literature loving households in England. PARTICIPANTS George Kranky and grandma Kranky. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical and toxic effects of the individual ingredients checked against those listed in ToxBase, the National Poisons Information Service's poisons database. RESULTS The medicine contained 34 ingredients. The most common toxic effect identified on ToxBase was nausea and vomiting (16 ingredients, 47%). Potentially life threatening effects were associated with 13 (38%) ingredients, including depression of the central nervous system, kidney injury, convulsions, cardiac toxicity, and mucosal erosion. The effects described in the book were accurate initially but then diverted from the most likely clinical outcome (death). CONCLUSIONS Although Dahl ought to be applauded for his initial accuracy about the toxicology of the ingredients in George's marvellous medicine, the overall effect would be fatal catastrophic physiological collapse. Scientific exploration and experimentation should be encouraged in children, although any medicinal ingredients need to be checked for potential toxicity before being administered-to grandmas or anyone else.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Johnson
- Emergency Department, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby DE22 3NE, UK
- University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - Patrick Davies
- University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
- Paediatric Critical Care Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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24
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Al-Benna S, Gohritz A. Availability Of Covid-19 Information From National And International Burn Society Websites. ANNALS OF BURNS AND FIRE DISASTERS 2020; 33:177-181. [PMID: 33304206 PMCID: PMC7680204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
National and international burn society websites are an important source of information for patients and burn care professionals. The current COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented global health crisis. The aim of this study was to assess the information available on national and international burns society websites on the current pandemic of COVID-19. National and international burns society websites were assessed with regard to COVID-19 information. Five percent of nations had a burn care society website. Forty percent of these national society websites mentioned COVID-19. None provided their state's guidelines, nor advised to provide only urgent or emergent care. None recommended following WHO guidelines. One-third (33%) of the international societies documented the decision to postpone its congress and provided links to two articles describing burn care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The availability of COVID-19 clinical guidelines and information on national and international burn care society websites is lacking. Burn care society websites must develop relevant COVID-19 information to support burn care professionals on the frontline of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Al-Benna
- Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A. Gohritz
- University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Steam inhalation: More harm than good? Perspective from a UK burns centre. Burns 2020; 47:721-727. [PMID: 32943275 PMCID: PMC7456299 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Steam inhalation is currently recommended by NICE for symptomatic relief of coryzal symptoms. Steam inhalation has the potential to cause scalds in adults and children. The cost of treating steam inhalation scalds is extensive. More should be done to raise awareness of scalds secondary to steam inhalation.
Introduction Steam inhalation is common practice in UK households for coryzal symptoms in adults and children. Steam inhalation has the potential to and has caused significant scald injuries, predominantly due to unintentional contact with the hot water used. Methods The authors used electronic health records to retrospectively identify all patients admitted with scald injuries secondary to steam inhalation over a 2-year period from January 2018-December 2019 at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, a regional burns centre. Data collected included patient demographics, mechanism of burn, as well as burn size, depth, treatment and any associated complications. An International Burns Injury Database enquiry assessed the national prevalence steam inhalation scalds over the same time period. Results 19 adult and paediatric patients were identified in our centre over a 2-year period, with an age range of 2 weeks to 91 years old. The majority (16/19, 84%) of patients received burns to their lower body, with three patients receiving burns to their chest and/or upper limbs. Six patients underwent surgery, 98 clinic appointments were utilised and the total length of hospital stay was 83 days. The estimated total cost of treating these 19 patients was over £31,872. Nationally, 201 cases were identified between Jan 2018–Dec 2019. Conclusions Scald injuries secondary to steam inhalation have a significant impact both in terms of hospital stay and cost. Since this study captured only patients admitted to hospital, the true negative impact of steam inhalation is likely to be much higher than calculated. Better public awareness on the risks of steam inhalation and primary prevention policies could reduce the frequency of such injuries.
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D'Asta F, Choong J, Thomas C, Adamson J, Wilson Y, Wilson D, Moiemen N, Farroha A. Paediatric burns epidemiology during COVID-19 pandemic and 'stay home' era. Burns 2020; 46:1471-1472. [PMID: 32680661 PMCID: PMC7333624 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica D'Asta
- Burns Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, United Kingdom.
| | - Jia Choong
- Burns Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Thomas
- Burns Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Adamson
- Emergency Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital Birmingham Women and Children's Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Wilson
- Burns Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Wilson
- Burns Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Naiem Moiemen
- Burns Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Azzam Farroha
- Burns Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
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