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Gao Y, Liu H, Zhou Y, Cai S, Zhang J, Sun J, Duan M. Cold inducible RNA binding protein-regulated mitochondria associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes-mediated Ca 2+ transport play a critical role in hypothermia cerebral resuscitation. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114883. [PMID: 38992825 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac arrest is a global health issue causing more deaths than many other diseases. Hypothermia therapy is commonly used to treat secondary brain injury resulting from cardiac arrest. Previous studies have shown that CIRP is induced in specific brain regions during hypothermia and inhibits mitochondrial apoptotic factors. However, the specific mechanisms by which hypothermia-induced CIRP exerts its anti-apoptotic effect are still unknown. This study aims to investigate the role of Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM)-mediated Ca2+ transport during hypothermic brain resuscitation.We constructed a rat model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation and hippocampal neuron oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model. We utilized shRNA transfection to interfere the expression of CIRP and observe the effect of CIRP on the structure and function of MAM.Hypothermia induced CIRP can reduce the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, and improve the survival rate of rats. Hypothermia induced CIRP can reduce the expressions of calcium transporters IP3R and VDAC1 in MAM, reduce the concentration of calcium in mitochondria, decrease the expression of ROS, and stabilize the mitochondrial membrane potential. Immunofluorescence and immunocoprecipitation showed that CIRP could directly interact with IP3R-VDAC1 complex, thereby changing the structure of MAM, inhibiting calcium transportation and improving mitochondrial function in vivo and vitro.Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed that hypothermia induced CIRP can act on the calcium channel IP3R-VDAC1 in MAM, reduce the calcium overload in mitochondria, improve the energy metabolism of mitochondria, and thus play a role in neuron resuscitation. This study contributes to understanding hypothermia therapy and identifies potential targets for brain injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoxin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaqing Zhou
- Department of Pain Management, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenquan Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Manlin Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhao Y, Yao Z, Lu L, Xu S, Sun J, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Yu Z. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 exerts neuroprotection effects after cardiac arrest in mice: A randomized controlled study. Resusc Plus 2024; 19:100703. [PMID: 39040821 PMCID: PMC11260602 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Post-cardiac arrest brain injury (PCABI) is the leading cause of death in survivors of cardiac arrest (CA). Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM-3) is a water-soluble exogenous carbon monoxide that has been shown to have neuroprotection benefits in several neurological disease models. However, the effects of CORM-3 on PCABI is still unclear. Methods A mice model combined asystole with hemorrhage was used. Mice were anesthetized and randomized into 4 groups (n = 12/group) and underwent either 9.5 min CA followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or sham surgery. CORM-3 (30 mg/kg) or vehicle (normal saline) were administered at 1 h after return of spontaneous circulation or sham surgery. Survival, neurologic deficits, alterations in the permeability of the brain-blood barrier and cerebral blood flow, changes of oxidative stress level, level of neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration, and the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway were measured. Results In CORM-3 treated mice that underwent CA/CPR, significantly improved survival (75.00% vs. 58.33%, P = 0.0146 (24 h) and 66.67% vs. 16.67%, P < 0.0001 (72 h)) and neurological function were observed at 24 h and 72 h after ROSC (P < 0.05 for each). Additionally, increased cerebral blood flow, expression of tight junctions, and reduced reactive oxygen species generation at 24 h after ROSC were observed (P < 0.05 for each). CORM-3 treated mice had less neuron death and alleviated neuroinflammation at 72 h after ROSC (P < 0.05 for each). Notably, the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway was significantly activated in mice subjected to CA/CPR with CORM-3 treatment. Conclusions CORM-3 could improve survival and exert neuroprotection after CA/CPR in mice. CORM-3 may be a novel and promising pharmacological therapy for PCABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanrui Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhun Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfei Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhui Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhong H, Yin Z, Wang Y, Shen P, He G, Huang S, Wang J, Huang S, Ding L, Luo Z, Zhou M. Comparison of prognosis between extracorporeal CPR and conventional CPR for patients in cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Emerg Med 2024; 24:128. [PMID: 39068383 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-024-01058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Compared to the conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR), potential benefits of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for patients with cardiac arrest (CA) are still controversial. We aimed to determine whether ECPR can improve the prognosis of CA patients compared with CCPR. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from database's inception to July 2023 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies that compared ECPR with CCPR in adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). This meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Two researchers independently reviewed the relevance of the study, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included literature. The primary outcome was short-term (from hospital discharge to one month after cardiac arrest) and long-term (≥ 90 days after cardiac arrest) survival with favorable neurological status (defined as cerebral performance category scores 1 or 2). Secondary outcomes included survival at 1 months, 3-6 months, and 1 year after cardiac arrest. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 3 RCTs and 14 cohort studies involving 167,728 patients. We found that ECPR can significantly improve good neurological prognosis (RR 1.82, 95%CI 1.42-2.34, I2 = 41%) and survival rate (RR 1.51, 95%CI 1.20-1.89, I2 = 62%). In addition, the results showed that ECPR had different effects on favorable neurological status in patients with OHCA (short-term: RR 1.50, 95%CI 0.98- 2.29, I2 = 55%; long-term: RR 1.95, 95% CI 1.06-3.59, I2 = 11%). However, ECPR had significantly better effects on neurological status than CCPR in patients with IHCA (short-term: RR 2.18, 95%CI 1.24- 3.81, I2 = 9%; long-term: RR 2.17, 95% CI 1.19-3.94, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicated that ECPR had significantly better effects on good neurological prognosis and survival rate than CCPR, especially in patients with IHCA. However, more high-quality studies are needed to explore the role of ECPR in patients with OHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhong
- Emergency Department, KweiChow Moutai Hospital, Renhuai , Guizhou, 564501, China
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Zhaohui Yin
- General Surgery Department, KweiChow Moutai Hospital, Renhuai , Guizhou, 564501, China
| | - Yanze Wang
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Pei Shen
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Guoli He
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Shiming Huang
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Li Ding
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Zunwei Luo
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Manhong Zhou
- Emergency Department, KweiChow Moutai Hospital, Renhuai , Guizhou, 564501, China.
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi , Guizhou, 563003, China.
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Skrifvars MB. How to interpret the findings of a neutral clinical interventional trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2024. [PMID: 39051176 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus B Skrifvars
- Department of Emergency Care and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Shivdat S, Zhan T, De Palma A, Zheng WL, Krishnamurthy P, Paneerselvam E, Snider S, Bevers M, O'Reilly UM, Lee JW, Westover MB, Amorim E. Early Burst Suppression Similarity Association with Structural Brain Injury Severity on MRI After Cardiac Arrest. Neurocrit Care 2024:10.1007/s12028-024-02047-6. [PMID: 39043984 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-024-02047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identical bursts on electroencephalography (EEG) are considered a specific predictor of poor outcomes in cardiac arrest, but its relationship with structural brain injury severity on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not known. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of clinical, EEG, and MRI data from adult comatose patients after cardiac arrest. Burst similarity in first 72 h from the time of return of spontaneous circulation were calculated using dynamic time-warping (DTW) for bursts of equal (i.e., 500 ms) and varying (i.e., 100-500 ms) lengths and cross-correlation for bursts of equal lengths. Structural brain injury severity was measured using whole brain mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on MRI. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between mean burst similarity across consecutive 12-24-h time blocks and mean whole brain ADC values. Good outcome was defined as Cerebral Performance Category of 1-2 (i.e., independence for activities of daily living) at the time of hospital discharge. RESULTS Of 113 patients with cardiac arrest, 45 patients had burst suppression (mean cardiac arrest to MRI time 4.3 days). Three study participants with burst suppression had a good outcome. Burst similarity calculated using DTW with bursts of varying lengths was correlated with mean ADC value in the first 36 h after cardiac arrest: Pearson's r: 0-12 h: - 0.69 (p = 0.039), 12-24 h: - 0.54 (p = 0.002), 24-36 h: - 0.41 (p = 0.049). Burst similarity measured with bursts of equal lengths was not associated with mean ADC value with cross-correlation or DTW, except for DTW at 60-72 h (- 0.96, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Burst similarity on EEG after cardiac arrest may be associated with acute brain injury severity on MRI. This association was time dependent when measured using DTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Shivdat
- Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiange Zhan
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alessandro De Palma
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wei-Long Zheng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ezhil Paneerselvam
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel Snider
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Bevers
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Una-May O'Reilly
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jong Woo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Brandon Westover
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edilberto Amorim
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Ave, Building 1, Suite 312, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
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Skrifvars MB. Interesting associations between hypercapnia and myocardial injury seen in the targeted therapeutic mild hypercapnia after resuscitated cardiac arrest trial. Resuscitation 2024; 201:110321. [PMID: 39029580 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus B Skrifvars
- Department of Emergency Care and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Smyth MA, Gunson I, Coppola A, Johnson S, Greif R, Lauridsen KG, Taylor-Philips S, Perkins GD. Termination of Resuscitation Rules and Survival Among Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2420040. [PMID: 38958975 PMCID: PMC11222995 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.20040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Termination of resuscitation (TOR) rules may help guide prehospital decisions to stop resuscitation, with potential effects on patient outcomes and health resource use. Rules with high sensitivity risk increasing inappropriate transport of nonsurvivors, while rules without excellent specificity risk missed survivors. Further examination of the performance of TOR rules in estimating survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is needed. Objective To determine whether TOR rules can accurately identify patients who will not survive an OHCA. Data Sources For this systematic review and meta-analysis, the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched from database inception up to January 11, 2024. There were no restrictions on language, publication date, or time frame of the study. Study Selection Two reviewers independently screened records, first by title and abstract and then by full text. Randomized clinical trials, case-control studies, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, retrospective analyses, and modeling studies were included. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were reviewed to identify primary studies. Studies predicting outcomes other than death, in-hospital studies, animal studies, and non-peer-reviewed studies were excluded. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second. Two reviewers assessed risk of bias using the Revised Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. Cochrane Screening and Diagnostic Tests Methods Group recommendations were followed when conducting a bivariate random-effects meta-analysis. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies (PRISMA-DTA) statement and is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42019131010). Main Outcomes and Measures Sensitivity and specificity tables with 95% CIs and bivariate summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were produced. Estimates of effects at different prevalence levels were calculated. These estimates were used to evaluate the practical implications of TOR rule use at different prevalence levels. Results This review included 43 nonrandomized studies published between 1993 and 2023, addressing 29 TOR rules and involving 1 125 587 cases. Fifteen studies reported the derivation of 20 TOR rules. Thirty-three studies reported external data validations of 17 TOR rules. Seven TOR rules had data to facilitate meta-analysis. One clinical study was identified. The universal termination of resuscitation rule had the best performance, with pooled sensitivity of 0.62 (95% CI, 0.54-0.71), pooled specificity of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82-0.94), and a diagnostic odds ratio of 20.45 (95% CI, 13.15-31.83). Conclusions and Relevance In this review, there was insufficient robust evidence to support widespread implementation of TOR rules in clinical practice. These findings suggest that adoption of TOR rules may lead to missed survivors and increased resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Smyth
- Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England
- University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, England
| | - Imogen Gunson
- West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Foundation Trust, Brierly Hill, England
| | - Alison Coppola
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, England
| | | | - Robert Greif
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kasper G. Lauridsen
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Gavin D. Perkins
- Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, England
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Perkins GD, Neumar R, Hsu CH, Hirsch KG, Aneman A, Becker LB, Couper K, Callaway CW, Hoedemaekers CWE, Lim SL, Meurer W, Olasveengen T, Sekhon MS, Skrifvars M, Soar J, Tsai MS, Vengamma B, Nolan JP. Improving Outcomes After Post-Cardiac Arrest Brain Injury: A Scientific Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Resuscitation 2024:110196. [PMID: 38932555 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This scientific statement presents a conceptual framework for the pathophysiology of post-cardiac arrest brain injury, explores reasons for previous failure to translate preclinical data to clinical practice, and outlines potential paths forward. Post-cardiac arrest brain injury is characterized by 4 distinct but overlapping phases: ischemic depolarization, reperfusion repolarization, dysregulation, and recovery and repair. Previous research has been challenging because of the limitations of laboratory models; heterogeneity in the patient populations enrolled; overoptimistic estimation of treatment effects leading to suboptimal sample sizes; timing and route of intervention delivery; limited or absent evidence that the intervention has engaged the mechanistic target; and heterogeneity in postresuscitation care, prognostication, and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments. Future trials must tailor their interventions to the subset of patients most likely to benefit and deliver this intervention at the appropriate time, through the appropriate route, and at the appropriate dose. The complexity of post-cardiac arrest brain injury suggests that monotherapies are unlikely to be as successful as multimodal neuroprotective therapies. Biomarkers should be developed to identify patients with the targeted mechanism of injury, to quantify its severity, and to measure the response to therapy. Studies need to be adequately powered to detect effect sizes that are realistic and meaningful to patients, their families, and clinicians. Study designs should be optimized to accelerate the evaluation of the most promising interventions. Multidisciplinary and international collaboration will be essential to realize the goal of developing effective therapies for post-cardiac arrest brain injury.
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Perego C, Fumagalli F, Motta F, Cerrato M, Micotti E, Olivari D, De Giorgio D, Merigo G, Di Clemente A, Mandelli A, Forloni G, Cervo L, Furlan R, Latini R, Neumar RW, Ristagno G. Evolution of brain injury and neurological dysfunction after cardiac arrest in the rat - A multimodal and comprehensive model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241255599. [PMID: 38770566 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241255599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to hypoxic ischemic brain injury, CA survivors may experience variable degrees of neurological dysfunction. This study, for the first time, describes the progression of CA-induced neuropathology in the rat. CA rats displayed neurological and exploratory deficits. Brain MRI revealed cortical and striatal edema at 3 days (d), white matter (WM) damage in corpus callosum (CC), external capsule (EC), internal capsule (IC) at d7 and d14. At d3 a brain edema significantly correlated with neurological score. Parallel neuropathological studies showed neurodegeneration, reduced neuronal density in CA1 and hilus of hippocampus at d7 and d14, with cells dying at d3 in hilus. Microgliosis increased in cortex (Cx), caudate putamen (Cpu), CA1, CC, and EC up to d14. Astrogliosis increased earlier (d3 to d7) in Cx, Cpu, CC and EC compared to CA1 (d7 to d14). Plasma levels of neurofilament light (NfL) increased at d3 and remained elevated up to d14. NfL levels at d7 correlated with WM damage. The study shows the consequences up to 14d after CA in rats, introducing clinically relevant parameters such as advanced neuroimaging and blood biomarker useful to test therapeutic interventions in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Perego
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fumagalli
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Motta
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Cerrato
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Micotti
- Department of Neuroscience Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Olivari
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria De Giorgio
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Merigo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Di Clemente
- Department of Neuroscience Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mandelli
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology - INSpe San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Cervo
- Department of Neuroscience Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology - INSpe San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert W Neumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Giuseppe Ristagno
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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10
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Greenwood JC, Morgan RW, Abella BS, Shofer FS, Baker WB, Lewis A, Ko TS, Forti RM, Yodh AG, Kao SH, Shin SS, Kilbaugh TJ, Jang DH. Carbon monoxide as a cellular protective agent in a swine model of cardiac arrest protocol. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302653. [PMID: 38748750 PMCID: PMC11095756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) affects over 360,000 adults in the United States each year with a 50-80% mortality prior to reaching medical care. Despite aggressive supportive care and targeted temperature management (TTM), half of adults do not live to hospital discharge and nearly one-third of survivors have significant neurologic injury. The current treatment approach following cardiac arrest resuscitation consists primarily of supportive care and possible TTM. While these current treatments are commonly used, mortality remains high, and survivors often develop lasting neurologic and cardiac sequela well after resuscitation. Hence, there is a critical need for further therapeutic development of adjunctive therapies. While select therapeutics have been experimentally investigated, one promising agent that has shown benefit is CO. While CO has traditionally been thought of as a cellular poison, there is both experimental and clinical evidence that demonstrate benefit and safety in ischemia with lower doses related to improved cardiac/neurologic outcomes. While CO is well known for its poisonous effects, CO is a generated physiologically in cells through the breakdown of heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes and has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. While CO has been studied in myocardial infarction itself, the role of CO in cardiac arrest and post-arrest care as a therapeutic is less defined. Currently, the standard of care for post-arrest patients consists primarily of supportive care and TTM. Despite current standard of care, the neurological prognosis following cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) remains poor with patients often left with severe disability due to brain injury primarily affecting the cortex and hippocampus. Thus, investigations of novel therapies to mitigate post-arrest injury are clearly warranted. The primary objective of this proposed study is to combine our expertise in swine models of CO and cardiac arrest for future investigations on the cellular protective effects of low dose CO. We will combine our innovative multi-modal diagnostic platform to assess cerebral metabolism and changes in mitochondrial function in swine that undergo cardiac arrest with therapeutic application of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Greenwood
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ryan W. Morgan
- Resuscitation Science Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin S. Abella
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Frances S. Shofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Wesley B. Baker
- Resuscitation Science Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Alistair Lewis
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Tiffany S. Ko
- Resuscitation Science Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo M. Forti
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Arjun G. Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Shih-Han Kao
- Resuscitation Science Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Samuel S. Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Todd J. Kilbaugh
- Resuscitation Science Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - David H. Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Resuscitation Science Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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11
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Kim J, Yeo HJ, Cho WH, Lee HJ. Predictors of mortality and transfusion requirements in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients. Lab Med 2024; 55:347-354. [PMID: 37706544 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of variables, including thrombocytopenia and the amount of platelet transfusion, for predicting survival in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) recipients. Additionally, we aimed to identify the predictors of increased transfusion requirement during venoarterial ECMO support. METHODS All patients who received venoarterial ECMO between December 2008 and March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regressions were used to evaluate in-hospital mortality according to variables including thrombocytopenia and daily average of platelet concentrate transfusion. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors for transfusion requirements. RESULTS Analysis of 218 patients demonstrated severe thrombocytopenia as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio = 2.840, 95% CI: 1.593-5.063, P < .001), along with age, pre-ECMO cardiac arrest, and pH. In contrast, the amount of platelet transfusion was not associated with in-hospital mortality. Multiple variables, including the type of indication for ECMO were associated with transfusion requirements. CONCLUSION Our findings identified severe thrombocytopenia as an independent prognostic factor of in-hospital mortality. However, daily average platelet transfusion was not associated with survival outcomes. Additionally, our study identified predictive variables of increased transfusion requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye Ju Yeo
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyun Cho
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Lee
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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12
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Grand J, Wiberg S, Kjaergaard J, Hassager C, Schmidt H, Møller JE, Mølstrøm S, Granholm A. Lower versus higher blood pressure targets in comatose patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest-Protocol for a secondary Bayesian analysis of the box trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2024; 68:702-707. [PMID: 38380494 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of blood pressure targets during intensive care after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a topic of debate. The blood Pressure and Oxygenation Targets After OHCA (BOX) trial explored the efficacy of two different blood pressure targets in 789 patients during intensive care after OHCA. In the primary frequentist analysis, no statistically significant differences were found for neurological outcome after 90 days. METHODS This protocol outlines secondary Bayesian analyses of 365-day all-cause mortality and two secondary outcomes: neurological outcome after 365 days, and plasma neuron-specific enolase, a biomarker of brain injury, after 48 h. We will employ adjusted Bayesian logistic and linear regressions, presenting results as relative and absolute differences with 95% confidence intervals. We will use weakly informative priors for the primary analyses, and skeptical and evidence-based priors (where available) in sensitivity analyses. Exact probabilities for any benefit/harm will be presented for all outcomes, along with probabilities of clinically important benefit/harm (risk differences larger than 2%-points absolute) and no clinically important differences for the binary outcomes. We will assess whether heterogeneity of treatment effects on mortality is present according to lactate at admission, time to return of spontaneous circulation, primary shockable rhythm, age, hypertension, and presence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. DISCUSSION This secondary analysis of the BOX trial aim to complement the primary frequentist analysis by quantifying the probabilities of beneficial or harmful effects of different blood pressure targets. This approach seeks to provide clearer insights for researchers and clinicians into the effectiveness of these blood pressure management strategies in acute medical conditions, particularly focusing on mortality, neurological outcomes, and neuron-specific enolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Grand
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre and Amager Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Wiberg
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kjaergaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jacob E Møller
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark and Clinical Institute University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Simon Mølstrøm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Granholm
- Department of Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Skrifvars MB. How can we interpret the unexpected results in two pilot trials comparing thiamine to placebo after cardiac arrest? Resuscitation 2024; 198:110190. [PMID: 38522734 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus B Skrifvars
- Department of Emergency Care and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland.
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14
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Li A, Hegazy AF, Vasquez LEM, Liu L, Durocher AM, Vucetic A, Patel A, Fleming C, Chui J. Characterizing the impact of thermoregulation in patients after cardiac arrest: a retrospective cohort study. Can J Anaesth 2024; 71:629-639. [PMID: 38514524 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-024-02737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Core body temperature has been extensively investigated as a thereuptic target in care after cardiac arrest. Nevertheless, the integrity of thermoregulation in patients after cardiac arrest has not been well studied. We sought to evaluate whether low spontaneous body temperature after cardiac arrest is associated with increased death and a worse neurologic outcome, and whether patients with low spontaneous body temperature exhibit features suggestive of impaired thermoregulation. METHODS We conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study. We included all adult patients who underwent temperature control with hypothermia after cardiac arrest between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2020. The primary exposure was low spontaneous core body temperature (< 35 °C) at initiation of hypothermia therapy. The primary outcome was in-hospital death and the secondary outcome was poor neurologic outcomes at discharge. RESULTS Five hundred and ninety-seven adult patients, comprising both in- and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, were included. Patients with low spontaneous body temperature also had slightly lower average temperature, and more frequent transient but controlled breakthrough fever episodes in the first 24 hr. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, low spontaneous body temperature was associated with higher odds of in-hospital death (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 4.2; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this single-centre retrospective cohort study, low spontaneous core body temperature was associated with poor outcomes in patients after cardiac arrest. Patients with low spontaneous body temperature also exhibited features suggestive of impaired thermoregulation. Further research is needed to determine whether body temperature upon presentation reflects the robustness of the patient's underlying physiology and severity of brain insult after a cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Li
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmed F Hegazy
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Critical Care, Schulich School Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Luis E Mendoza Vasquez
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Liu
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra M Durocher
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Vucetic
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Arjun Patel
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Courtney Fleming
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Chui
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, University of Western Ontario, C3-106, University Hospital, 339 Windermere Rd., London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.
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15
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Bradfield M, Haywood KL, Mion M, Kayani A, Leckey S. Not just surviving: Towards a quality standard which meets the care and rehabilitation needs of cardiac arrest survivors and their key supporters. Resuscitation 2024; 198:110182. [PMID: 38492715 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- M Bradfield
- Resuscitation Council UK, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, United Kingdom; RCUK Quality Standards Group for Care and Rehabilitation of Cardiac Arrest Survivors and Key Supporters - Lay Representative and Cardiac Arrest Survivor, United Kingdom.
| | - K L Haywood
- RCUK Quality Standards Group for Care and Rehabilitation of Cardiac Arrest Survivors and Key Supporters - Lay Representative and Cardiac Arrest Survivor, United Kingdom; Warwick Research in Nursing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - M Mion
- RCUK Quality Standards Group for Care and Rehabilitation of Cardiac Arrest Survivors and Key Supporters - Lay Representative and Cardiac Arrest Survivor, United Kingdom; Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Basildon, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - A Kayani
- RCUK Quality Standards Group for Care and Rehabilitation of Cardiac Arrest Survivors and Key Supporters - Lay Representative and Cardiac Arrest Survivor, United Kingdom
| | - S Leckey
- RCUK Quality Standards Group for Care and Rehabilitation of Cardiac Arrest Survivors and Key Supporters - Lay Representative and Cardiac Arrest Survivor, United Kingdom; Northern Ireland Ambulance Service, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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16
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Marasini S, Jia X. Neuroprotective Approaches for Brain Injury After Cardiac Arrest: Current Trends and Prospective Avenues. J Stroke 2024; 26:203-230. [PMID: 38836269 PMCID: PMC11164592 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2023.04329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
With the implementation of improved bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques and public-access defibrillation, survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has increased significantly over the years. Nevertheless, OHCA survivors have residual anoxia/reperfusion brain damage and associated neurological impairment resulting in poor quality of life. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or targeted temperature management has proven effective in improving post-cardiac arrest (CA) neurological outcomes, yet considering the substantial healthcare costs and resources involved, there is an urgent need for alternative treatment strategies that are crucial to alleviate brain injury and promote recovery of neurological function after CA. In this review, we searched PubMed for the latest preclinical or clinical studies (2016-2023) utilizing gas-mediated, pharmacological, or stem cell-based neuroprotective approaches after CA. Preclinical studies utilizing various gases (nitric oxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, argon, and xenon), pharmacological agents targeting specific CA-related pathophysiology, and stem cells have shown promising results in rodent and porcine models of CA. Although inhaled gases and several pharmacological agents have entered clinical trials, most have failed to demonstrate therapeutic effects in CA patients. To date, stem cell therapies have not been reported in clinical trials for CA. A relatively small number of preclinical stem-cell studies with subtle therapeutic benefits and unelucidated mechanistic explanations warrant the need for further preclinical studies including the improvement of their therapeutic potential. The current state of the field is discussed and the exciting potential of stem-cell therapy to abate neurological dysfunction following CA is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Marasini
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Southern C, Tutton E, Dainty KN, Seers K, Pearson NA, Couper K, Ellard DR, Perkins GD, Haywood KL. The experiences of cardiac arrest survivors and their key supporters following cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-ethnography. Resuscitation 2024; 198:110188. [PMID: 38548009 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM To review qualitative studies on the experience of sudden cardiac arrest survival from the perspective of both survivors and their key supporters, including family/close friends. METHODS A seven-step meta-ethnography and synthesis of qualitative evidence was undertaken, informed by the Meta-Ethnography Reporting Guidelines (eMERGe). Four major databases were searched (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO; January 1995-January 2022, updated July 2023) for qualitative studies exploring survivors' and/or key supporters' experiences of cardiac arrest survival. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation - Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) were applied to evaluate the overall confidence in research findings. Constructs were identified from each paper, informing theme and sub-theme development. RESULTS From 15,917 unique titles/abstracts and 196 full-text articles, 32 met the inclusion criteria. Three themes captured the survivors' experiences: 1) Making sense of my cardiac arrest; 2) Learning to trust my body and mind; and 3) Re-evaluating my life. A further three themes reflected key supporters' experiences: 1) Emotional turmoil; 2) Becoming a carer: same person but different me; and 3) Engaging with a new and unknown world. However, limited data and some methodological weaknesses in included studies reduced confidence in several themes. The findings were conceived within the overarching concept of 'negotiating a new normal'. CONCLUSIONS The enduring psychosocial and physical sequelae of cardiac arrest survival substantially impacts the lives of survivors and their key supporters, requiring negotiation of their 'new normality'. The need for sense-making, physical and psychological recovery, and the new roles for key supporters should be strong considerations in the development of future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Southern
- Warwick Research in Nursing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, England
| | - Elizabeth Tutton
- Warwick Research in Nursing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, England; Kadoorie, Oxford Trauma Research and Emergency Care, NDORMS, Oxford University, UK; Major Trauma Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford UK
| | - Katie N Dainty
- Office of Research & Innovation, North York General Hospital, Toronto Ontario Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Kate Seers
- Warwick Research in Nursing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, England
| | - Nathan A Pearson
- Warwick Research in Nursing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, England
| | - Keith Couper
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, England; Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - David R Ellard
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, England; University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Gavin D Perkins
- Critical Care Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kirstie L Haywood
- Warwick Research in Nursing, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, England.
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18
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Shen R, Liu Z, Fei L, Zhang Y, Xu L, Xuan C. REMIMAZOLAM IMPROVES THE MARKERS OF POSTRESUSCITATION CEREBRAL INJURY IN A SWINE MODEL OF CARDIAC ARREST. Shock 2024; 61:783-790. [PMID: 38517275 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Previous studies have manifested that those sedatives acting on γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAa) receptor could produce effective brain protection against regional and global ischemic stimulation. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a novel GABAa receptor agonist, remimazolam postconditioning (RP) on cerebral outcome after global ischemic stimulation induced by cardiac arrest and resuscitation in swine. Methods: A total of 24 swine were used in this study, in which the animals were randomly divided into the following three groups: sham group (n = 6), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) group (n = 9), and CPR + RP group (n = 9). The experimental model was established by the procedure of 10 min of cardiac arrest and 5 min of CPR. Those resuscitated swine in the CPR + RP group received an intravenous infusion of 2.5 mg/kg of remimazolam within 60 min. Postresuscitation cerebral injury biomarkers and neurological function were evaluated for a total of 24 h. At 24 h after resuscitation, brain cortex was harvested to evaluate the severity of pathologic damage, including tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Results: Baseline characteristics and CPR outcomes were not significantly different between the CPR and CPR + RP groups. After resuscitation, significantly greater cerebral injury and neurological dysfunction were observed in the CPR and CPR + RP groups than in the sham group. However, remimazolam postconditioning significantly alleviated cerebral injury and improved neurological dysfunction after resuscitation when compared with the CPR group. At 24 h after resuscitation, tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis and necroptosis were significantly increased in the CPR and CPR + RP groups when compared with the sham group. Nevertheless, the severity of pathologic damage mentioned previously were significantly milder in those swine treated with the remimazolam when compared with the CPR group. Conclusions: In a swine model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation, the remimazolam administered after resuscitation significantly improved the markers of postresuscitation cerebral injury and therefore protected the brain against global ischemic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yuyao People's Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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19
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Choudhary RC, Kuschner CE, Kazmi J, Mcdevitt L, Espin BB, Essaihi M, Nishikimi M, Becker LB, Kim J. The Role of Phospholipid Alterations in Mitochondrial and Brain Dysfunction after Cardiac Arrest. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4645. [PMID: 38731864 PMCID: PMC11083216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The human brain possesses three predominate phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS), which account for approximately 35-40%, 35-40%, and 20% of the brain's phospholipids, respectively. Mitochondrial membranes are relatively diverse, containing the aforementioned PC, PE, and PS, as well as phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidic acid (PA); however, cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) are exclusively present in mitochondrial membranes. These phospholipid interactions play an essential role in mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamics, leading to the maintenance of mitochondrial structural and signaling pathways. The essential nature of these phospholipids is demonstrated through the inability of mitochondria to tolerate alteration in these specific phospholipids, with changes leading to mitochondrial damage resulting in neural degeneration. This review will emphasize how the structure of phospholipids relates to their physiologic function, how their metabolism facilitates signaling, and the role of organ- and mitochondria-specific phospholipid compositions. Finally, we will discuss the effects of global ischemia and reperfusion on organ- and mitochondria-specific phospholipids alongside the novel therapeutics that may protect against injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh C. Choudhary
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.); (C.E.K.); (J.K.); (L.M.); (B.B.E.); (M.E.); (M.N.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Cyrus E. Kuschner
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.); (C.E.K.); (J.K.); (L.M.); (B.B.E.); (M.E.); (M.N.); (L.B.B.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Jacob Kazmi
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.); (C.E.K.); (J.K.); (L.M.); (B.B.E.); (M.E.); (M.N.); (L.B.B.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Liam Mcdevitt
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.); (C.E.K.); (J.K.); (L.M.); (B.B.E.); (M.E.); (M.N.); (L.B.B.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Blanca B. Espin
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.); (C.E.K.); (J.K.); (L.M.); (B.B.E.); (M.E.); (M.N.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Mohammed Essaihi
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.); (C.E.K.); (J.K.); (L.M.); (B.B.E.); (M.E.); (M.N.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Mitsuaki Nishikimi
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.); (C.E.K.); (J.K.); (L.M.); (B.B.E.); (M.E.); (M.N.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Lance B. Becker
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.); (C.E.K.); (J.K.); (L.M.); (B.B.E.); (M.E.); (M.N.); (L.B.B.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Junhwan Kim
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (R.C.C.); (C.E.K.); (J.K.); (L.M.); (B.B.E.); (M.E.); (M.N.); (L.B.B.)
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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20
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Jin H, Xue Z, Liu J, Ma B, Yang J, Lei L. Advancing Organoid Engineering for Tissue Regeneration and Biofunctional Reconstruction. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0016. [PMID: 38628309 PMCID: PMC11018530 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage and functional abnormalities in organs have become a considerable clinical challenge. Organoids are often applied as disease models and in drug discovery and screening. Indeed, several studies have shown that organoids are an important strategy for achieving tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction. In contrast to established stem cell therapies, organoids have high clinical relevance. However, conventional approaches have limited the application of organoids in clinical regenerative medicine. Engineered organoids might have the capacity to overcome these challenges. Bioengineering-a multidisciplinary field that applies engineering principles to biomedicine-has bridged the gap between engineering and medicine to promote human health. More specifically, bioengineering principles have been applied to organoids to accelerate their clinical translation. In this review, beginning with the basic concepts of organoids, we describe strategies for cultivating engineered organoids and discuss the multiple engineering modes to create conditions for breakthroughs in organoid research. Subsequently, studies on the application of engineered organoids in biofunction reconstruction and tissue repair are presented. Finally, we highlight the limitations and challenges hindering the utilization of engineered organoids in clinical applications. Future research will focus on cultivating engineered organoids using advanced bioengineering tools for personalized tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Jin
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Zengqi Xue
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Jinnv Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Binbin Ma
- Department of Biology,
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
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21
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Ji X, Bao B, Li LZ, Pu J, Lin Y, Zhang X, Chen Z, Li T. EEG and fNIRS datasets based on Stroop task during two weeks of high-altitude exposure in new immigrants. Sci Data 2024; 11:350. [PMID: 38589476 PMCID: PMC11001964 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining sufficient cerebral oxygen metabolism is crucial for human survival, especially in challenging conditions such as high-altitudes. Human cognitive neural activity is sensitive to fluctuations in oxygen levels. However, there is a lack of publicly available datasets on human behavioural responses and cerebral dynamics assessments during the execution of conflicting tasks in natural hypoxic environments. We recruited 80 healthy new immigrant volunteers (males, aged 20 ± 2 years) and employed the Stroop cognitive conflict paradigm. After a two-week exposure to both high and low-altitudes, the behavioural performance, prefrontal oxygen levels, and electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded. Comparative analyses were conducted on the behavioural reaction times and accuracy during Stroop tasks, and statistical analyses of participants' prefrontal oxygen levels and EEG signals were performed. We anticipate that our open-access dataset will contribute to the development of monitoring devices and algorithms, designed specifically for measuring cerebral oxygen and EEG dynamics in populations exposed to extreme environments, particularly among individuals suffering from oxygen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Botao Bao
- School of optoelectronic science and engineering, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Z Li
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging and Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jiangbo Pu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Lin
- The Estee Lauder Companies, Melville, NY, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zemeng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
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22
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Sarton B, Tauber C, Fridman E, Péran P, Riu B, Vinour H, David A, Geeraerts T, Bounes F, Minville V, Delmas C, Salabert AS, Albucher JF, Bataille B, Olivot JM, Cariou A, Naccache L, Payoux P, Schiff N, Silva S. Neuroimmune activation is associated with neurological outcome in anoxic and traumatic coma. Brain 2024; 147:1321-1330. [PMID: 38412555 PMCID: PMC10994537 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological underpinnings of critically disrupted brain connectomes resulting in coma are poorly understood. Inflammation is potentially an important but still undervalued factor. Here, we present a first-in-human prospective study using the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) radioligand 18F-DPA714 for PET imaging to allow in vivo neuroimmune activation quantification in patients with coma (n = 17) following either anoxia or traumatic brain injuries in comparison with age- and sex-matched controls. Our findings yielded novel evidence of an early inflammatory component predominantly located within key cortical and subcortical brain structures that are putatively implicated in consciousness emergence and maintenance after severe brain injury (i.e. mesocircuit and frontoparietal networks). We observed that traumatic and anoxic patients with coma have distinct neuroimmune activation profiles, both in terms of intensity and spatial distribution. Finally, we demonstrated that both the total amount and specific distribution of PET-measurable neuroinflammation within the brain mesocircuit were associated with the patient's recovery potential. We suggest that our results can be developed for use both as a new neuroprognostication tool and as a promising biometric to guide future clinical trials targeting glial activity very early after severe brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamine Sarton
- Critical Care Unit, University Teaching Hospital of Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Toulouse University, Inserm 1214, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Clovis Tauber
- Imaging and Brain laboratory, UMRS Inserm U930, Université de Tours, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Estéban Fridman
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Patrice Péran
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Toulouse University, Inserm 1214, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Beatrice Riu
- Critical Care Unit, University Teaching Hospital of Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Hélène Vinour
- Critical Care Unit, University Teaching Hospital of Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Adrian David
- Critical Care Unit, University Teaching Hospital of Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Thomas Geeraerts
- Neurocritical Care Unit, University Teaching Hospital of Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Fanny Bounes
- Critical Care Unit, University Teaching Hospital of Rangueil, F-31400 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Vincent Minville
- Critical Care Unit, University Teaching Hospital of Rangueil, F-31400 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Clément Delmas
- Cardiology Department, University Teaching Hospital of Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Salabert
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Toulouse University, Inserm 1214, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean François Albucher
- Neurology Department, University Teaching Hospital of Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Benoit Bataille
- Critical Care Unit, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, F-11100 Narbonne, France
| | - Jean Marc Olivot
- Neurology Department, University Teaching Hospital of Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Alain Cariou
- Critical Care Unit, APHP, Cochin Hospital, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Naccache
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, PICNIC Lab, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Toulouse University, Inserm 1214, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicholas Schiff
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stein Silva
- Critical Care Unit, University Teaching Hospital of Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Toulouse University, Inserm 1214, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
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23
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Hermann B, Candia‐Rivera D, Sharshar T, Gavaret M, Diehl J, Cariou A, Benghanem S. Aberrant brain-heart coupling is associated with the severity of post cardiac arrest brain injury. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:866-882. [PMID: 38243640 PMCID: PMC11021613 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate autonomic nervous system activity measured by brain-heart interactions in comatose patients after cardiac arrest in relation to the severity and prognosis of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. METHODS Strength and complexity of bidirectional interactions between EEG frequency bands (delta, theta, and alpha) and ECG heart rate variability frequency bands (low frequency, LF and high frequency, HF) were computed using a synthetic data generation model. Primary outcome was the severity of brain injury, assessed by (i) standardized qualitative EEG classification, (ii) somatosensory evoked potentials (N20), and (iii) neuron-specific enolase levels. Secondary outcome was the 3-month neurological status, assessed by the Cerebral Performance Category score [good (1-2) vs. poor outcome (3-4-5)]. RESULTS Between January 2007 and July 2021, 181 patients were admitted to ICU for a resuscitated cardiac arrest. Poor neurological outcome was observed in 134 patients (74%). Qualitative EEG patterns suggesting high severity were associated with decreased LF/HF. Severity of EEG changes were proportional to higher absolute values of brain-to-heart coupling strength (p < 0.02 for all brain-to-heart frequencies) and lower values of alpha-to-HF complexity (p = 0.049). Brain-to-heart coupling strength was significantly higher in patients with bilateral absent N20 and correlated with neuron-specific enolase levels at Day 3. This aberrant brain-to-heart coupling (increased strength and decreased complexity) was also associated with 3-month poor neurological outcome. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that autonomic dysfunctions may well represent hypoxic-ischemic brain injury post cardiac arrest pathophysiology. These results open avenues for integrative monitoring of autonomic functioning in critical care patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Hermann
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Paris CitéParisFrance
- Medical Intensive Care UnitHEGP Hospital, Assistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de Paris‐Centre (APHP.Centre)ParisFrance
- INSERM UMR 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP)Université Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Diego Candia‐Rivera
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INRIA, CNRS UMR 722, INSERM U1127, AP‐HP Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Tarek Sharshar
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Paris CitéParisFrance
- INSERM UMR 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP)Université Paris CitéParisFrance
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie Neurosciences, Service hospitalo‐universitaire de Neuro‐anesthésie réanimationParisFrance
| | - Martine Gavaret
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Paris CitéParisFrance
- INSERM UMR 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP)Université Paris CitéParisFrance
- Neurophysiology and Epileptology DepartmentGHU Paris Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Luc Diehl
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Paris CitéParisFrance
- Medical Intensive Care UnitHEGP Hospital, Assistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de Paris‐Centre (APHP.Centre)ParisFrance
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in HaemostasisParisFrance
- Biosurgical Research Lab (Carpentier Foundation)ParisFrance
| | - Alain Cariou
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Paris CitéParisFrance
- Medical Intensive Care UnitCochin Hospital, Assistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de Paris‐Centre (APHP‐Centre)ParisFrance
- Paris‐Cardiovascular‐Research‐CenterINSERM U970ParisFrance
| | - Sarah Benghanem
- Faculté de MédecineUniversité Paris CitéParisFrance
- INSERM UMR 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP)Université Paris CitéParisFrance
- Medical Intensive Care UnitCochin Hospital, Assistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de Paris‐Centre (APHP‐Centre)ParisFrance
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24
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Ikeda T, Kawabori M, Zheng Y, Yamaguchi S, Gotoh S, Nakahara Y, Yoshie E, Fujimura M. Intranasal Administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Alleviates Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:446. [PMID: 38675108 PMCID: PMC11053690 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury arises from inadequate oxygen delivery to the brain, commonly occurring following cardiac arrest, which lacks effective treatments. Recent studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of exosomes released from mesenchymal stem cells. Given the challenge of systemic dilution associated with intravenous administration, intranasal delivery has emerged as a promising approach. In this study, we investigate the effects of intranasally administered exosomes in an animal model. Exosomes were isolated from the cell supernatants using the ultracentrifugation method. Brain injury was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats through a transient four-vessel occlusion model. Intranasal administration was conducted with 3 × 108 exosome particles in 20 µL of PBS or PBS alone, administered daily for 7 days post-injury. Long-term cognitive behavioral assessments, biodistribution of exosomes, and histological evaluations of apoptosis and neuroinflammation were conducted. Exosomes were primarily detected in the olfactory bulb one hour after intranasal administration, subsequently distributing to the striatum and midbrain. Rats treated with exosomes exhibited substantial improvement in cognitive function up to 28 days after the insult, and demonstrated significantly fewer apoptotic cells along with higher neuronal cell survival in the hippocampus. Exosomes were found to be taken up by microglia, leading to a decrease in the expression of cytotoxic inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Ikeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (E.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Masahito Kawabori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (E.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Yuyuan Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (E.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Sho Yamaguchi
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan;
| | - Shuho Gotoh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (E.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Yo Nakahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (E.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Erika Yoshie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (E.Y.); (M.F.)
| | - Miki Fujimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.Z.); (S.G.); (Y.N.); (E.Y.); (M.F.)
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25
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Bach AM, Kirschen MP, Fung FW, Abend NS, Ampah S, Mondal A, Huh JW, Chen SSL, Yuan I, Graham K, Berman JI, Vossough A, Topjian A. Association of EEG Background With Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging and Short-Term Outcomes After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest. Neurology 2024; 102:e209134. [PMID: 38350044 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES EEG and MRI features are independently associated with pediatric cardiac arrest (CA) outcomes, but it is unclear whether their combination improves outcome prediction. We aimed to assess the association of early EEG background category with MRI ischemia after pediatric CA and determine whether addition of MRI ischemia to EEG background features and clinical variables improves short-term outcome prediction. METHODS This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of pediatric CA with EEG initiated ≤24 hours and MRI obtained ≤7 days of return of spontaneous circulation. Initial EEG background was categorized as normal, slow/disorganized, discontinuous/burst-suppression, or attenuated-featureless. MRI ischemia was defined as percentage of brain tissue with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) <650 × 10-6 mm2/s and categorized as high (≥10%) or low (<10%). Outcomes were mortality and unfavorable neurologic outcome (Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category increase ≥1 from baseline resulting in ICU discharge score ≥3). The Kruskal-Wallis test evaluated the association of EEG with MRI. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve evaluated predictive accuracy. Logistic regression and likelihood ratio tests assessed multivariable outcome prediction. RESULTS We evaluated 90 individuals. EEG background was normal in 16 (18%), slow/disorganized in 42 (47%), discontinuous/burst-suppressed in 12 (13%), and attenuated-featureless in 20 (22%) individuals. The median percentage of MRI ischemia was 5% (interquartile range 1-18); 32 (36%) individuals had high MRI ischemia burden. Twenty-eight (31%) individuals died, and 58 (64%) had unfavorable neurologic outcome. Worse EEG background category was associated with more MRI ischemia (p < 0.001). The combination of EEG background and MRI ischemia burden had higher predictive accuracy than EEG alone (AUROC: mortality: 0.92 vs 0.87, p = 0.03) or MRI alone (AUROC: mortality: 0.92 vs 0.84, p = 0.02; unfavorable: 0.83 vs 0.73, p < 0.01). Addition of percentage of MRI ischemia to clinical variables and EEG background category improved prediction for mortality (χ2 = 19.1, p < 0.001) and unfavorable neurologic outcome (χ2 = 4.8, p = 0.03) and achieved high predictive accuracy (AUROC: mortality: 0.97; unfavorable: 0.92). DISCUSSION Early EEG background category was associated with MRI ischemia after pediatric CA. Combining EEG and MRI data yielded higher outcome predictive accuracy than either modality alone. The addition of MRI ischemia to clinical variables and EEG background improved short-term outcome prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Bach
- From the Department of Neurology (A.M.B., M.P.K., F.W.F., N.S.A.), Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., I.Y., K.G., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., A.T.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (S.A., A.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.-S.L.C.), and Department of Radiology (J.I.B., A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Matthew P Kirschen
- From the Department of Neurology (A.M.B., M.P.K., F.W.F., N.S.A.), Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., I.Y., K.G., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., A.T.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (S.A., A.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.-S.L.C.), and Department of Radiology (J.I.B., A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - France W Fung
- From the Department of Neurology (A.M.B., M.P.K., F.W.F., N.S.A.), Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., I.Y., K.G., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., A.T.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (S.A., A.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.-S.L.C.), and Department of Radiology (J.I.B., A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nicholas S Abend
- From the Department of Neurology (A.M.B., M.P.K., F.W.F., N.S.A.), Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., I.Y., K.G., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., A.T.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (S.A., A.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.-S.L.C.), and Department of Radiology (J.I.B., A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steve Ampah
- From the Department of Neurology (A.M.B., M.P.K., F.W.F., N.S.A.), Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., I.Y., K.G., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., A.T.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (S.A., A.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.-S.L.C.), and Department of Radiology (J.I.B., A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Antara Mondal
- From the Department of Neurology (A.M.B., M.P.K., F.W.F., N.S.A.), Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., I.Y., K.G., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., A.T.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (S.A., A.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.-S.L.C.), and Department of Radiology (J.I.B., A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jimmy W Huh
- From the Department of Neurology (A.M.B., M.P.K., F.W.F., N.S.A.), Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., I.Y., K.G., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., A.T.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (S.A., A.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.-S.L.C.), and Department of Radiology (J.I.B., A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shih-Shan L Chen
- From the Department of Neurology (A.M.B., M.P.K., F.W.F., N.S.A.), Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., I.Y., K.G., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., A.T.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (S.A., A.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.-S.L.C.), and Department of Radiology (J.I.B., A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ian Yuan
- From the Department of Neurology (A.M.B., M.P.K., F.W.F., N.S.A.), Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., I.Y., K.G., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., A.T.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (S.A., A.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.-S.L.C.), and Department of Radiology (J.I.B., A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kathryn Graham
- From the Department of Neurology (A.M.B., M.P.K., F.W.F., N.S.A.), Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., I.Y., K.G., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., A.T.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (S.A., A.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.-S.L.C.), and Department of Radiology (J.I.B., A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- From the Department of Neurology (A.M.B., M.P.K., F.W.F., N.S.A.), Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., I.Y., K.G., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., A.T.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (S.A., A.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.-S.L.C.), and Department of Radiology (J.I.B., A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- From the Department of Neurology (A.M.B., M.P.K., F.W.F., N.S.A.), Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., I.Y., K.G., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., A.T.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (S.A., A.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.-S.L.C.), and Department of Radiology (J.I.B., A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alexis Topjian
- From the Department of Neurology (A.M.B., M.P.K., F.W.F., N.S.A.), Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., I.Y., K.G., A.T.), Department of Pediatrics (M.P.K., N.S.A., J.W.H., A.T.), Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (S.A., A.M.), Department of Neurosurgery (S.-S.L.C.), and Department of Radiology (J.I.B., A.V.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA
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26
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Scquizzato T, Sandroni C, Soar J, Nolan JP. Top cardiac arrest randomised trials of 2023. Resuscitation 2024; 196:110133. [PMID: 38311283 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Scquizzato
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudio Sandroni
- Department of Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Anaesthesiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Institute of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Jasmeet Soar
- Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jerry P Nolan
- University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom
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27
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Portell Penadés E, Alvarez V. A Comprehensive Review and Practical Guide of the Applications of Evoked Potentials in Neuroprognostication After Cardiac Arrest. Cureus 2024; 16:e57014. [PMID: 38681279 PMCID: PMC11046378 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory arrest is a very common cause of morbidity and mortality nowadays, and many therapeutic strategies, such as induced coma or targeted temperature management, are used to reduce patient sequelae. However, these procedures can alter a patient's neurological status, making it difficult to obtain useful clinical information for the reliable estimation of neurological prognosis. Therefore, complementary investigations are conducted in the early stages after a cardiac arrest to clarify functional prognosis in comatose cardiac arrest survivors in the first few hours or days. Current practice relies on a multimodal approach, which shows its greatest potential in predicting poor functional prognosis, whereas the data and tools to identify patients with good functional prognosis remain relatively limited in comparison. Therefore, there is considerable interest in investigating alternative biological parameters and advanced imaging technique studies. Among these, somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) remain one of the simplest and most reliable tools. In this article, we discuss the technical principles, advantages, limitations, and prognostic implications of SSEPs in detail. We will also review other types of evoked potentials that can provide useful information but are less commonly used in clinical practice (e.g., visual evoked potentials; short-, medium-, and long-latency auditory evoked potentials; and event-related evoked potentials, such as mismatch negativity or P300).
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Case NP, Callaway CW, Elmer J, Coppler PJ. Simple approach to quantify hypoxic-ischemic brain injury severity from computed tomography imaging files after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2024; 195:110050. [PMID: 37977348 PMCID: PMC10922650 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.110050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grey-white ratio (GWR) can estimate severity of cytotoxic cerebral edema secondary to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury after cardiac arrest and predict progression to death by neurologic criteria (DNC). Current approaches to calculating GWR are not standardized and have variable interrater reliability. We tested if measures of variance of brain density on early computed tomographic (CT) imaging after cardiac arrest could predict DNC. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study, identifying post-arrest patients treated between 2011 and 2020 at our single center. We extracted demographic data from our registry and Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) files for each patient's first brain CT. We analyzed slices 15-20 of each DICOM, corresponding to the level of the basal ganglia while accommodating differences in patient anatomy. We extracted pixel arrays and converted the radiodensities to Hounsfield units (HU). To focus on brain tissue densities, we excluded HU > 60 and < 10. We calculated the variance of each patient's HU distribution and the difference between the means of a two-group Gaussian finite mixture model. We compared these novel metrics to existing measures of cerebral edema, then randomly divided our data into 80% training and 20% test sets and used logistic regression to predict DNC. RESULTS Of 1,133 included subjects, 457 (40%) were female, mean (standard deviation) age was 58 (16) years, and 115 (10%) progressed to DNC. CTs were obtained a median [interquartile range] of 4.2 [2.8-5.7] hours post-arrest. Our novel measures correlated weakly with GWR. HU variance, but not difference between mixture model means, differed significantly between subjects with and without sulcal or cistern effacement. GWR outperformed our novel measures in predicting progression to DNC with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.82, compared to HU variance (AUC = 0.73) and the difference between mixture model means (AUC = 0.56). CONCLUSION There are differences in the distribution of HU on post-arrest CT in patients with qualitative measures of cerebral edema. Current methods to quantify cerebral edema outperform simple measures of attenuation variance on early brain CT. Further analyses could investigate if these measures of variance, or other distributional characteristics of brain density, have improved predictive performance on brain CTs obtained later in the clinical course or derived from discrete regions of anatomical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Case
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Clifton W Callaway
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Elmer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J Coppler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Kim J, Lee JH. Quantitative cistern effacement and reduced gray to white matter ratio for prognostication in early brain computed tomography of patients with cardiac arrest. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23741. [PMID: 38187337 PMCID: PMC10767505 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of cerebral edema on brain cells and ventricles in cardiac arrest patients can manifest as effacement of cortical sulci, diminished ventricle size, altered gray matter to white matter ratio (GWR), and increased optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in brain CT scans. However, a complete investigation of GWR in whole lobes, quantitative cistern size, and comprehensive comparison of various brain CT parameters has not been conducted. This study aimed to comprehensively compare various early brain CT parameters along with conventional significant variables in relation to poor neurological outcome and diffuse cortical necrosis. Methods This retrospective study included 86 adult patients with cardiac arrest who underwent brain CT/MRI. GWRs, the distance of the posterior ambient cistern, and ONSD in early brain CT and regions of interest (ROIs) in brain MRI were measured and analyzed along with clinical characteristics. Results ROIs in the putamen and parietal white matter showed significant differences (p = 0.05, p = 0.022, respectively). The distance of the posterior ambient cistern and the GWR of the putamen and parietal white matter were newly developed predictors that were not used previously and demonstrated a significant correlation with the presence of diffuse cortical necrosis (OR 0.4, p = 0.006, AUC 0.637; OR 0.478, p = 0.02, AUC 0.603, respectively) or poor neurological outcomes (AUC 0.637, AUC 0.603, respectively), but were not more significant than pupil reflex (OR 0.06, p < 0.001). ONSD was not significantly associated with the outcomes. Conclusions Quantitative cistern effacement and reduced GWR of the putamen and parietal white matter in early brain CT measurements of cardiac arrest patients were promising predictors in early brain CT for prognostication, but compared with clinical characteristics, the clinical significance of the CT predictors was not considerable. The relationship and clinical significance between the parameters in early brain CT and the outcomes might have to be separately considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsung Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
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Wider JM, Gruley E, Morse PT, Wan J, Lee I, Anzell AR, Fogo GM, Mathieu J, Hish G, O'Neil B, Neumar RW, Przyklenk K, Hüttemann M, Sanderson TH. Modulation of mitochondrial function with near-infrared light reduces brain injury in a translational model of cardiac arrest. Crit Care 2023; 27:491. [PMID: 38098060 PMCID: PMC10720207 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injury is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to brain injury following cardiac arrest; therefore, therapies that limit mitochondrial dysfunction have the potential to improve neurological outcomes. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain is a critical component of mitochondrial injury and is dependent on hyperactivation of mitochondria following resuscitation. Our previous studies have provided evidence that modulating mitochondrial function with specific near-infrared light (NIR) wavelengths can reduce post-ischemic mitochondrial hyperactivity, thereby reducing brain injury during reperfusion in multiple small animal models. METHODS Isolated porcine brain cytochrome c oxidase (COX) was used to investigate the mechanism of NIR-induced mitochondrial modulation. Cultured primary neurons from mice expressing mitoQC were utilized to explore the mitochondrial mechanisms related to protection with NIR following ischemia-reperfusion. Anesthetized pigs were used to optimize the delivery of NIR to the brain by measuring the penetration depth of NIR to deep brain structures and tissue heating. Finally, a model of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with CPR in adult pigs was used to evaluate the translational potential of NIR as a noninvasive therapeutic approach to protect the brain after resuscitation. RESULTS Molecular evaluation of enzyme activity during NIR irradiation demonstrated COX function was reduced in an intensity-dependent manner with a threshold of enzyme inhibition leading to a moderate reduction in activity without complete inhibition. Mechanistic interrogation in neurons demonstrated that mitochondrial swelling and upregulation of mitophagy were reduced with NIR treatment. NIR therapy in large animals is feasible, as NIR penetrates deep into the brain without substantial tissue heating. In a translational porcine model of CA/CPR, transcranial NIR treatment for two hours at the onset of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) demonstrated significantly improved neurological deficit scores and reduced histologic evidence of brain injury after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. CONCLUSIONS NIR modulates mitochondrial function which improves mitochondrial dynamics and quality control following ischemia/reperfusion. Noninvasive modulation of mitochondria, achieved by transcranial treatment of the brain with NIR, mitigates post-cardiac arrest brain injury and improves neurologic functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Wider
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Erin Gruley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paul T Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 3214 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 3214 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-Si, Chungcheongnam-Do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Anthony R Anzell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Garrett M Fogo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 204 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer Mathieu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Gerald Hish
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brian O'Neil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St. Antoine St., University Health Center - 6G, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Robert W Neumar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Clinical Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Blvd, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, 1280 S. East Campus Drive, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, 3214 Scott Hall, 540 E. Canfield Ave., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5014, USA.
- Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, B10-103A, NCRC 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, 7744 MS II, 1137 E. Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 204 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, 4201 St. Antoine St., University Health Center - 6G, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Hsu CH, Trummer G, Belohlavek J, Yannopoulos D, Bartos JA. Wolf Creek XVII Part 7: Mechanical circulatory support. Resusc Plus 2023; 16:100493. [PMID: 37965244 PMCID: PMC10641702 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Failure to restore spontaneous circulation remains a major cause of death for cardiac arrest (CA) patients. Mechanical circulatory support, specifically extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), has emerged as a feasible and efficacious rescue strategy for selected refractory CA patients. Methods Mechanical Circulatory Support was one of six focus topics for the Wolf Creek XVII Conference held on June 14-17, 2023 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. Conference invitees included international thought leaders and scientists in the field of CA resuscitation from academia and industry. Participants submitted via online survey knowledge gaps, barriers to translation and research priorities for each focus topic. Expert panels used the survey results and their own perspectives and insights to create and present a preliminary unranked list for each category that was debated, revised and ranked by all attendees to identify the top 5 for each category. Results Top 5 knowledge gaps included optimal patient selection, pre-ECPR treatments, logistical and programmatic characteristics of ECPR programs, generalizability and effectiveness of ECPR, and prevention of reperfusion injury. Top 5 barriers to translation included cost/resource limitations, technical challenges, collaboration across multiple disciplines, limited patient population, and early identification of eligible patients. Top 5 research priorities focused on comparing the outcomes of prehospital/rapid transport strategies vs in-hospital ECPR initiation, implementation of high-performing ECPR system vs standard care, rapid patient identification tools vs standard clinical judgment, post-cardiac arrest bundled care vs no bundled care, and standardized ECPR clinical protocol vs routine care. Conclusion This overview can serve as an innovative guide to transform the care and outcome of patients with refractory CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy H. Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The Max Harry Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - George Trummer
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Freiburg University, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Belohlavek
- 2nd Department of Medicine – Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Demetris Yannopoulos
- Department of Medicine-Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason A. Bartos
- Department of Medicine-Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Skrifvars MB. The haemodynamic effects of moderate hypercapnia: Important lessons from a sub-study of the TAME trial. Resuscitation 2023; 193:110000. [PMID: 37852597 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.110000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus B Skrifvars
- Department of Emergency Care and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
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Matilla-García M, Ubeda Molla P, Sánchez Martínez F, Ariza-Solé A, Gómez-López R, López de Sá E, Ferrer R. Economic burden of Cardiac Arrest in Spain: analyzing healthcare costs drivers and treatment strategies cost-effectiveness. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1220. [PMID: 37936221 PMCID: PMC10631046 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest is a major public health issue in Europe. Cardiac arrest seems to be associated with a large socioeconomic burden in terms of resource utilization and health care costs. The aim of this study is the analysis of the economic burden of cardiac arrest in Spain and a cost-effectiveness analysis of the key intervention identified, especially in relation to neurological outcome at discharge. METHODS The data comes from the information provided by 115 intensive care and cardiology units from Spain, including information on the care of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who had a return of spontaneous circulation. The information reported by theses 115 units was collected by a nationwide survey conducted between March and September 2020. Along with number of patients (2631), we also collect information about the structure of the units, temperature management, and prognostication assessments. In this study we analyze the potential association of several factors with neurological outcome at discharge, and the cost associated with the different factors. The cost-effectiveness of using servo-control for temperature management is analyzed by means of a decision model, based on the results of the survey and data collected in the literature, for a one-year and a lifetime time horizon. RESULTS A total of 109 cardiology units provided results on neurological outcome at discharge as evaluated with the cerebral performance category (CPC). The most relevant factor associated with neurological outcome at discharge was 'servo-control use', showing a 12.8% decrease in patients with unfavorable neurological outcomes (i.e., CPC3-4 vs. CPC1-2). The total cost per patient (2020 Euros) was €73,502. Only "servo-control use" was associated with an increased mean total cost per hospital. Patients treated with servo-control for temperature management gained in the short term (1 year) an average of 0.039 QALYs over those who were treated with other methods at an increased cost of €70.8, leading to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 1,808 euros. For a lifetime time horizon, the use of servo-control is both more effective and less costly than the alternative. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the implementation of servo-control techniques in all the units that are involved in managing the cardiac arrest patient from admission until discharge from hospital to minimize the neurological damage to patients and to reduce costs to the health and social security system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Matilla-García
- Deparment of Applied Economics and Statistics, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 11, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Paloma Ubeda Molla
- Deparment of Applied Economics and Statistics, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 11, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | | | - Albert Ariza-Solé
- Cardiology Department. Bellvitge University Hospital. Bioheart. Grup de Malalties Cardiovasculars. Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge. IDIBELL. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | | | - Esteban López de Sá
- Cardiology Service Hospital Universitario La Paz, Pso. de la castellana 261, Madrid, 28046, Spain
| | - Ricard Ferrer
- Intensive Care department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Shock, Organ Dysfunction, and Resuscitation (SODIR) Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
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Li Z, Xing J. Contribution and therapeutic value of mitophagy in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury after cardiac arrest. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115492. [PMID: 37716121 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and related life support technologies have improved substantially in recent years; however, mortality and disability rates from cardiac arrest (CA) remain high and are closely associated with the high incidence of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), which is explained by a "double-hit" model (i.e., resulting from both ischemia and reperfusion). Mitochondria are important power plants in the cell and participate in various biochemical processes, such as cell differentiation and signaling in eukaryotes. Various mitochondrial processes, including energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, free radical production, and apoptosis, are involved in several important stages of the progression and development of CIRI. Mitophagy is a key mechanism of the endogenous removal of damaged mitochondria to maintain organelle function and is a critical target for CIRI treatment after CA. Mitophagy also plays an essential role in attenuating ischemia-reperfusion in other organs, particularly during post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction. Regulation of mitophagy may influence necroptosis (a programmed cell death pathway), which is the main endpoint of organ ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this review, we summarize the main signaling pathways related to mitophagy and their associated regulatory proteins. New therapeutic methods and drugs targeting mitophagy in ischemia-reperfusion animal models are also discussed. In-depth studies of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of mitophagy will enhance our understanding of the damage and repair processes in CIRI after CA, thereby contributing to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Jihong Xing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Magliocca A, Perego C, Motta F, Merigo G, Micotti E, Olivari D, Fumagalli F, Lucchetti J, Gobbi M, Mandelli A, Furlan R, Skrifvars MB, Latini R, Bellani G, Ichinose F, Ristagno G. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Deletion to Modulate Kynurenine Pathway and to Prevent Brain Injury after Cardiac Arrest in Mice. Anesthesiology 2023; 139:628-645. [PMID: 37487175 PMCID: PMC10566599 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan to kynurenine is emerging as a potential key pathway involved in post-cardiac arrest brain injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the modulation of kynurenine pathway on cardiac arrest outcome through genetic deletion of the rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. METHODS Wild-type and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-deleted (IDO-/-) mice were subjected to 8-min cardiac arrest. Survival, neurologic outcome, and locomotor activity were evaluated after resuscitation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences was performed, together with microglia and macrophage activation and neurofilament light chain measurements. RESULTS IDO-/- mice showed higher survival compared to wild-type mice (IDO-/- 11 of 16, wild-type 6 of 16, log-rank P = 0.036). Neurologic function was higher in IDO-/- mice than in wild-type mice after cardiac arrest (IDO-/- 9 ± 1, wild-type 7 ± 1, P = 0.012, n = 16). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase deletion preserved locomotor function while maintaining physiologic circadian rhythm after cardiac arrest. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor imaging showed an increase in mean fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum (IDO-/- 0.68 ± 0.01, wild-type 0.65 ± 0.01, P = 0.010, n = 4 to 5) and in the external capsule (IDO-/- 0.47 ± 0.01, wild-type 0.45 ± 0.01, P = 0.006, n = 4 to 5) in IDO-/- mice compared with wild-type ones. Increased release of neurofilament light chain was observed in wild-type mice compared to IDO-/- (median concentrations [interquartile range], pg/mL: wild-type 1,138 [678 to 1,384]; IDO-/- 267 [157 to 550]; P < 0.001, n = 3 to 4). Brain magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging revealed restriction of water diffusivity 24 h after cardiac arrest in wild-type mice; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase deletion prevented water diffusion abnormalities, which was reverted in IDO-/- mice receiving l-kynurenine (apparent diffusion coefficient, μm2/ms: wild-type, 0.48 ± 0.07; IDO-/-, 0.59 ± 0.02; IDO-/- and l-kynurenine, 0.47 ± 0.08; P = 0.007, n = 6). CONCLUSIONS The kynurenine pathway represents a novel target to prevent post-cardiac arrest brain injury. The neuroprotective effects of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase deletion were associated with preservation of brain white matter microintegrity and with reduction of cerebral cytotoxic edema. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Magliocca
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Perego
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Motta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Merigo
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Micotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Olivari
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fumagalli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lucchetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mandelli
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology–INSpe, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology–INSpe, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Markus B. Skrifvars
- Department of Emergency Care and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- Centre for Medical Sciences−CISMed, University of Trento, Italy; and Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giuseppe Ristagno
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; and Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda−Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Roedl K, Wolfrum S, Kluge S. [Procedure after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation-Cooling or no more cooling?]. INNERE MEDIZIN (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 64:932-938. [PMID: 37702779 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-023-01582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 84 out of 100,000 inhabitants in Europe suffer from an out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) each year. The mortality after cardiac arrest (CA) is high and is particularly determined by the predominant cardiogenic shock condition and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. For almost two decades hypothermic temperature control was the only neuroprotective intervention recommended in guidelines for postresuscitation care; however, recently published studies failed to demonstrate any improvement in the neurological outcome with hypothermia in comparison to strict normothermia in postresuscitation treatment. According to the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) guidelines published in 2022, unconscious adults after CA should be treated with temperature management and avoidance of fever; however, many questions remain open regarding the optimal target temperature, the cooling methods and the optimal duration. Despite these currently unanswered questions, a structured and high-quality postresuscitation care that includes a targeted temperature management should continue to be provided for all patients in the postresuscitation phase, independent of the selected target temperature. Furthermore, fever avoidance remains an important component of postresuscitation care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Roedl
- Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
| | - Sebastian Wolfrum
- Interdisziplinäre Notaufnahme, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
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Poblete RA, Yaceczko S, Aliakbar R, Saini P, Hazany S, Breit H, Louie SG, Lyden PD, Partikian A. Optimization of Nutrition after Brain Injury: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Considerations. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2551. [PMID: 37760993 PMCID: PMC10526443 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging science continues to establish the detrimental effects of malnutrition in acute neurological diseases such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, status epilepticus and anoxic brain injury. The primary pathological pathways responsible for secondary brain injury include neuroinflammation, catabolism, immune suppression and metabolic failure, and these are exacerbated by malnutrition. Given this, there is growing interest in novel nutritional interventions to promote neurological recovery after acute brain injury. In this review, we will describe how malnutrition impacts the biomolecular mechanisms of secondary brain injury in acute neurological disorders, and how nutritional status can be optimized in both pediatric and adult populations. We will further highlight emerging therapeutic approaches, including specialized diets that aim to resolve neuroinflammation, immunodeficiency and metabolic crisis, by providing pre-clinical and clinical evidence that their use promotes neurologic recovery. Using nutrition as a targeted treatment is appealing for several reasons that will be discussed. Given the high mortality and both short- and long-term morbidity associated with acute brain injuries, novel translational and clinical approaches are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A. Poblete
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (R.A.); (P.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Shelby Yaceczko
- UCLA Health, University of California, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 345, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
| | - Raya Aliakbar
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (R.A.); (P.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Pravesh Saini
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (R.A.); (P.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Saman Hazany
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Hannah Breit
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (R.A.); (P.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Stan G. Louie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Patrick D. Lyden
- Department of Neurology, Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar Street, Suite 215, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Arthur Partikian
- Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, The University of Southern California, 2010 Zonal Avenue, Building B, 3P61, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
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Marijon E, Narayanan K, Smith K, Barra S, Basso C, Blom MT, Crotti L, D'Avila A, Deo R, Dumas F, Dzudie A, Farrugia A, Greeley K, Hindricks G, Hua W, Ingles J, Iwami T, Junttila J, Koster RW, Le Polain De Waroux JB, Olasveengen TM, Ong MEH, Papadakis M, Sasson C, Shin SD, Tse HF, Tseng Z, Van Der Werf C, Folke F, Albert CM, Winkel BG. The Lancet Commission to reduce the global burden of sudden cardiac death: a call for multidisciplinary action. Lancet 2023; 402:883-936. [PMID: 37647926 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00875-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite major advancements in cardiovascular medicine, sudden cardiac death (SCD) continues to be an enormous medical and societal challenge, claiming millions of lives every year. Efforts to prevent SCD are hampered by imperfect risk prediction and inadequate solutions to specifically address arrhythmogenesis. Although resuscitation strategies have witnessed substantial evolution, there is a need to strengthen the organisation of community interventions and emergency medical systems across varied locations and health-care structures. With all the technological and medical advances of the 21st century, the fact that survival from sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains lower than 10% in most parts of the world is unacceptable. Recognising this urgent need, the Lancet Commission on SCD was constituted, bringing together 30 international experts in varied disciplines. Consistent progress in tackling SCD will require a completely revamped approach to SCD prevention, with wide-sweeping policy changes that will empower the development of both governmental and community-based programmes to maximise survival from SCA, and to comprehensively attend to survivors and decedents' families after the event. International collaborative efforts that maximally leverage and connect the expertise of various research organisations will need to be prioritised to properly address identified gaps. The Commission places substantial emphasis on the need to develop a multidisciplinary strategy that encompasses all aspects of SCD prevention and treatment. The Commission provides a critical assessment of the current scientific efforts in the field, and puts forth key recommendations to challenge, activate, and intensify efforts by both the scientific and global community with new directions, research, and innovation to reduce the burden of SCD worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Marijon
- Division of Cardiology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France; Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center (Paris-SDEC), Paris, France.
| | - Kumar Narayanan
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France; Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center (Paris-SDEC), Paris, France; Medicover Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Karen Smith
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Silverchain Group, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sérgio Barra
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital da Luz Arrábida, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Cristina Basso
- Cardiovascular Pathology Unit-Azienda Ospedaliera and Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marieke T Blom
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lia Crotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Cardiomyopathy Unit and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Andre D'Avila
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cardiology, Hospital SOS Cardio, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rajat Deo
- Department of Cardiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Florence Dumas
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France; Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center (Paris-SDEC), Paris, France; Emergency Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anastase Dzudie
- Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmia Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, DoualaGeneral Hospital, Douala, Cameroon; Yaounde Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Audrey Farrugia
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kaitlyn Greeley
- Division of Cardiology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France; Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center (Paris-SDEC), Paris, France
| | | | - Wei Hua
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, FuWai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Taku Iwami
- Kyoto University Health Service, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Juhani Junttila
- MRC Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rudolph W Koster
- Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Theresa M Olasveengen
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marcus E H Ong
- Singapore General Hospital, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Michael Papadakis
- Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Sang Do Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine at the Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- University of Hong Kong, School of Clinical Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Cardiac and Vascular Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zian Tseng
- Division of Cardiology, UCSF Health, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Christian Van Der Werf
- University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine M Albert
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bo Gregers Winkel
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Li K, Zhu Z, Sun X, Zhao L, Liu Z, Xing J. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiac arrest: Current advances and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115201. [PMID: 37480828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest (CA), characterized by sudden onset and high mortality rates, is one of the leading causes of death globally, with a survival rate of approximately 6-24%. Studies suggest that the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) hardly improved the mortality rate and prognosis of patients diagnosed with CA, largely due to ischemia-reperfusion injury. MAIN BODY Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit self-renewal and strong potential for multilineage differentiation. Their effects are largely mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes are the most extensively studied subgroup of EVs. EVs mainly mediate intercellular communication by transferring vesicular proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other substances to regulate multiple processes, such as cytokine production, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. Thus, exosomes exhibit significant potential for therapeutic application in wound repair, tissue reconstruction, inflammatory reaction, and ischemic diseases. CONCLUSION Based on similar pathological mechanisms underlying post-cardiac arrest syndrome involving various tissues and organs in many diseases, the review summarizes the therapeutic effects of MSC-derived exosomes and explores the prospects for their application in the treatment of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xiumei Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Linhong Zhao
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Zuolong Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jihong Xing
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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40
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Zhang X, Zheng X, Dai Z, Zheng H. The development and validation of a nomogram to determine neurological outcomes in cardiac arrest patients. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:289. [PMID: 37620773 PMCID: PMC10463846 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the variables that influence neurological functional restoration in cardiac arrest patients and construct a nomogram to predict neurofunctional prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS We extracted the data from the Dryad database. Associations between patient variables and neurological outcomes were examined by logistic regression models. On the basis of these predictors, a prognostic nomogram was constructed. The identification and calibration of the prognostic nomogram were evaluated through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the calibration curve, and the concordance index (C-index). RESULTS A total of 374 cardiac arrest individuals were recruited in the research. Sixty percent of the participants had an adverse neurological result. The multivariable logistic regression analysis for poor neurological recovery, which showed patient age ≥ 65 years, previous neurological disease, witnessed arrest, bystander cardio-pulmonary resuscitation(CPR), cardiac arrest presenting with a non-shockable rhythm, total epinephrine dose ≥ 2.5 mg at the time of resuscitation and acute kidney injury(AKI) remained independent predictors for neurological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The novel nomogram based on clinical characteristics is an efficient tool to predict neurological outcomes in cardiac arrest patients, which may help clinicians identifying high-risk patients and tailoring personalized treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuru Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou City, 350014, China, No 420 Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fujian Province
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhisen Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou City, 350014, China, No 420 Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fujian Province
| | - Huizhe Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou City, 350014, China, No 420 Fuma Road, Jinan District, Fujian Province.
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41
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Yang H, Chu B, Zhen M, Zhang J, Yang L. Mechanism of cAMP Response Element-binding Protein 1/Death-associated Protein Kinase 1 Axis-mediated Hippocampal Neuron Apoptosis in Rat Brain Injury After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Neuroscience 2023; 526:175-184. [PMID: 37406926 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain injury represents a leading cause of deaths following cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study explores the role of CREB1 (cAMP responsive element binding protein 1)/DAPK1 (death associated protein kinase 1) axis in brain injury after CPR. CA was induced by asphyxia in rats, followed by CPR. After CREB1 over-expression, the survival rate and neurological function score of rats were measured. Nissl and TUNEL staining evaluated the pathological condition of hippocampus and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons respectively. H19-7 cells were subjected to OGD/R and infected with oe-CREB1. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry measured the cell viability and apoptosis. CREB1, DAPK1, and cleaved Caspase-3 expressions were examined using Western blot. The binding between CREB1 and DAPK1 was determined using ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays. CREB1 was poorly expressed while DAPK1 was highly expressed in rat hippocampus after CPR. CREB1 overexpression improved rat neurological function, repressed neuron apoptosis, and reduced cleaved Caspase-3 expression. CREB1 was enriched on the DAPK1 promoter and suppressed DAPK1 expression. DAPK1 overexpression reversed the inhibition of OGD/R-insulted apoptosis by CREB1 overexpression. To conclude, CREB1 suppresses hippocampal neuron apoptosis and mitigates brain injury after CPR by inhibiting DAPK1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhou
- Department of Critical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xianjing Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Critical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Bo Chu
- Department of Emergency, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Maochuan Zhen
- Department of Critical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
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42
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Skrifvars MB, Ameloot K, Åneman A. Blood pressure targets and management during post-cardiac arrest care. Resuscitation 2023; 189:109886. [PMID: 37380065 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure is one modifiable physiological target in patients treated in the intensive care unit after cardiac arrest. Current Guidelines recommend targeting a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of higher than 65-70 mmHg using fluid resuscitation and the use of vasopressors. Management strategies will vary based in the setting, i.e. the pre-hospital compared to the in-hospital phase. Epidemiological data suggest that some degree of hypotension requiring vasopressors occur in almost 50% of patients. A higher MAP could theoretically increase coronary blood flow but on the other hand the use of vasopressor may result in an increase in cardiac oxygen demand and arrhythmia. An adequate MAP is paramount for maintaining cerebral blood flow. In some cardiac arrest patients the cerebral autoregulation may be disturbed resulting in the need for higher MAP in order to avoid decreasing cerebral blood flow. Thus far, four studies including little more than 1000 patients have compared a lower and higher MAP target in cardiac arrest patients. The achieved mean difference of MAP between groups has varied from 10-15 mmHg. Based on these studies a Bayesian meta-analysis suggests that the posterior probability that a future study would find treatment effects higher than a 5% difference between groups to be less than 50%. On the other hand, this analysis also suggests, that the likelihood of harm with a higher MAP target is also low. Noteworthy is that all studies to date have focused mainly on patients with a cardiac cause of the arrest with the majority of patients being resuscitated from a shockable initial rhythm. Future studies should aim to include also non-cardiac causes and aim to target a wider separation in MAP between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus B Skrifvars
- Department of Emergency Care and Services, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, Meilahden Sairaala, Haartmaninkatu 9, 00029 HUS, Finland.
| | - Koen Ameloot
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Anders Åneman
- Intensive Care Unit, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
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43
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Zubler F, Tzovara A. Deep learning for EEG-based prognostication after cardiac arrest: from current research to future clinical applications. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1183810. [PMID: 37560450 PMCID: PMC10408678 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1183810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Outcome prognostication in comatose patients after cardiac arrest (CA) remains to date a challenge. The major determinant of clinical outcome is the post-hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy. Electroencephalography (EEG) is routinely used to assess neural functions in comatose patients. Currently, EEG-based outcome prognosis relies on visual evaluation by medical experts, which is time consuming, prone to subjectivity, and oblivious to complex patterns. The field of deep learning has given rise to powerful algorithms for detecting patterns in large amounts of data. Analyzing EEG signals of coma patients with deep neural networks with the goal of assisting in outcome prognosis is therefore a natural application of these algorithms. Here, we provide the first narrative literature review on the use of deep learning for prognostication after CA. Existing studies show overall high performance in predicting outcome, relying either on spontaneous or on auditory evoked EEG signals. Moreover, the literature is concerned with algorithmic interpretability, and has shown that largely, deep neural networks base their decisions on clinically or neurophysiologically meaningful features. We conclude this review by discussing considerations that the fields of artificial intelligence and neurology will need to jointly address in the future, in order for deep learning algorithms to break the publication barrier, and to be integrated in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Zubler
- Department of Neurology, Spitalzentrum Biel, University of Bern, Biel/Bienne, Switzerland
| | - Athina Tzovara
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie and Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center—Neurotec, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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44
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Bray J, Skrifvars M, Bernard S. Oxygen targets after cardiac arrest: a narrative review. Resuscitation 2023:109899. [PMID: 37419236 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
A significant focus of post-resuscitation research over the last decade has included optimising oxygenation. This has primarily occurred due to an improved understanding of the possible harmful biological effects of high oxygenation, particularly the neurotoxicity of oxygen free radicals. Animal studies and some observational research in humans suggest harm with the occurrence of severe hyperoxaemia (PaO2 >300mmHg) in the post-resuscitation phase. This early data informed in a change in treatment recommendations, with the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) recommending the avoidance of hyperoxaemia. However, the optimal oxygenation level for maximal survival has not yet been determined. Recent Phase 3 randomised control trials (RCTs) provide further insight into when oxygen titration should occur. The EXACT RCT suggested that decreasing oxygen fraction post-resuscitation in the prehospital setting, with limited ability to titrate and measure oxygenation, is too soon. The BOX RCT, suggests delaying titration to a normal level in intensive care may be too late. While further RCTs are currently underway in ICU cohorts, titration of oxygen early after arrival at hospital should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Bray
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Markus Skrifvars
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen Bernard
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia The Intensive Care Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Yamamoto R, Tamura T, Haiden A, Yoshizawa J, Homma K, Kitamura N, Sugiyama K, Tagami T, Yasunaga H, Aso S, Takeda M, Sasaki J. Frailty and Neurologic Outcomes of Patients Resuscitated From Nontraumatic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Prospective Observational Study. Ann Emerg Med 2023; 82:84-93. [PMID: 36964008 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To elucidate the clinical utility of the Clinical Frailty Scale score for predicting poor neurologic functions in patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted between 2019 and 2021. The study included adults with nontraumatic OHCA admitted to the intensive care unit after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Pre-arrest high Clinical Frailty Scale score was defined as 5 or more. Favorable neurologic outcomes defined as a Cerebral Performance Category score of 2 or less at 30 days after admission were compared between patients with and without high Clinical Frailty Scale scores. Multivariable logistic regression analyses fitted with generalized estimating equations were performed to adjust for patient characteristics, out-of-hospital information, and resuscitation content and account for within-institution clustering. RESULTS Of 9,909 patients with OHCA during the study period, 1,216 were included, and 317 had a pre-arrest high Clinical Frailty Scale score. Favorable neurologic outcomes were fewer among patients with high Clinical Frailty Scale scores. The high Clinical Frailty Scale score group showed a lower percentage of favorable neurologic outcomes after OHCA than the low Clinical Frailty Scale score group (6.1% vs 24.4%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.45 [95% confidence interval 0.22 to 0.93]). This relationship remained in subgroups with cardiogenic OHCA, with ROSC after hospital arrival, and without a high risk of dying (Clinical Frailty Scale score of 7 or less), whereas the neurologic outcomes were comparable regardless of pre-arrest frailty in those with noncardiogenic OHCA and with ROSC before hospital arrival. CONCLUSIONS Pre-arrest high Clinical Frailty Scale score was associated with unfavorable neurologic functions among patients resuscitated from OHCA. The Clinical Frailty Scale score would help predict clinical consequences following intensive care after ROSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamamoto
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomoyoshi Tamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akina Haiden
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jo Yoshizawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Homma
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kitamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kimitsu Chuo Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sugiyama
- Tertiary Emergency Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tagami
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Aso
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munekazu Takeda
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Sasaki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Niemelä V, Siddiqui F, Ameloot K, Reinikainen M, Grand J, Hästbacka J, Hassager C, Kjaergard J, Åneman A, Tiainen M, Nielsen N, Harboe Olsen M, Kamp Jorgensen C, Juul Petersen J, Dankiewicz J, Saxena M, Jakobsen JC, Skrifvars MB. Higher versus lower blood pressure targets after cardiac arrest: systematic review with individual patient data meta-analysis. Resuscitation 2023:109862. [PMID: 37295549 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Guidelines recommend targeting mean arterial pressure (MAP) > 65 mmHg in patients after cardiac arrest (CA). Recent trials have studied the effects of targeting a higher MAP as compared to a lower MAP after CA. We performed a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis to investigate the effects of higher versus lower MAP targets on patient outcome. METHOD We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, BIOSIS, CINAHL, Scopus, the Web of Science Core Collection, ClinicalTrials.gov, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry, Google Scholar and the Turning Research into Practice database to identify trials randomizing patients to higher (≥ 71 mmHg) or lower (≤70 mmHg) MAP targets after CA and resuscitation. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, version 2 (RoB 2) to assess for risk of bias. The primary outcomes were 180-day all-cause mortality and poor neurologic recovery defined by a modified Rankin score of 4-6 or a cerebral performance category score of 3-5. RESULTS Four eligible clinical trials were identified, randomizing a total of 1,087 patients. All the included trials were assessed as having a low risk for bias. The risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval for 180-day all-cause mortality for a higher versus a lower MAP target was 1.08 (0.92-1.26) and for poor neurologic recovery 1.01 (0.86-1.19). Trial sequential analysis showed that a 25% or higher treatment effect, i.e., RR<0.75, can be excluded. No difference in serious adverse events was found between the higher and lower MAP groups. CONCLUSIONS Targeting a higher MAP compared to a lower MAP is unlikely to reduce mortality or improve neurologic recovery after CA. Only a large treatment effect above 25% (RR<0.75) could be excluded, and future studies are needed to investigate if relevant but lower treatment effect exists. Targeting a higher MAP was not associated with any increase in adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Niemelä
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Faiza Siddiqui
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Koen Ameloot
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Hasselt, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Matti Reinikainen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johannes Grand
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanna Hästbacka
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kjaergard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Åneman
- Intensive Care Unit, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, South Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marjaana Tiainen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Nielsen
- Lund University and Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Skåne University Hospital, Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Lund, Sweden; Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Harboe Olsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Kamp Jorgensen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Johanne Juul Petersen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josef Dankiewicz
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manoj Saxena
- South Western Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Critical Care Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janus C Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Markus B Skrifvars
- Department of Emergency Care and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Zhang Y, Feng Y, Chen F, Yu J, Liu X, Liu Y, Ouyang J, Liang M, Zhu Y, Zou L. Insight into the mechanisms of therapeutic hypothermia for asphyxia cardiac arrest using a comprehensive approach of GC-MS/MS and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS based on serum metabolomics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16247. [PMID: 37274716 PMCID: PMC10238693 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) is a severe worldwide health problem. Therapeutic hypothermia is widely used to reduce the cardiac injury and improve the neurological outcomes after CA. However, a few studies have reported the changes of serum metabolic characteristics after CA. The healthy male New Zealand Rabbits successfully resuscitated from 10-min asphyxia-induced CA were divided randomly into the normothermia (NT) group and mild therapeutic hypothermia (HT) group. The sham group underwent sham-operation. Survival was recorded and neurological deficit score (NDS) was assessed. The serum non-targeted metabolomics were detected using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) at 15 min, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Our study showed that the heart rate (HR) significantly slowed down during 0.5-6 h post ROSC, consistent with the decreasing trend of body temperature in the HT group. Compared with the NT group, the levels of Lac and PCO2 at 24 h post ROSC were lower, while a significant increase in PO2 level at 24 h post ROSC was observed in the HT group. The survival rate of the HT group was significantly higher than that of the NT group, and NDS scores were remarkably increased at 24 h post ROSC in the NT group. Significant differences in metabolic profiles at 15 min, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h post ROSC were observed among the Sham, NT and HT groups. The differential metabolites detected by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS were screened for further study between every two groups (NT vs sham, HT vs sham and HT vs NT) at 15 min, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h post ROSC. Phenylalanine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were enriched in NT vs sham, HT vs sham and HT vs NT respectively. Our study demonstrated that therapeutic hypothermia improves the survival and neurological outcomes in rabbit model of cardiac arrest, and firstly represents the dynamic metabolic changes in the hypothermia therapy for CA by comprehensive UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS- and GC-MS/MS-based metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabolomics,Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabolomics,Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiehong Liu
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabolomics,Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanjuan Liu
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabolomics,Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jielin Ouyang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyu Liang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabolomics,Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lianhong Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Schroeder DC, Semeraro F, Greif R, Bray J, Morley P, Parr M, Kondo Nakagawa N, Iwami T, Finke SR, Malta Hansen C, Lockey A, Del Rios M, Bhanji F, Sasson C, Schexnayder SM, Scquizzato T, Wetsch WA, Böttiger BW. Temporarily Removed. Resuscitation 2023:109772. [PMID: 37190748 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic life support education for schoolchildren has become a key initiative to increase bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates. Our objective was to review the existing literature on teaching schoolchildren basic life support to identify the best practices to provide basic life support training in schoolchildren. METHODS After topics and subgroups were defined, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. Systematic reviews and controlled and uncontrolled prospective and retrospective studies containing data on students <20 years of age were included. RESULTS Schoolchildren are highly motivated to learn basic life support. The CHECK-CALL-COMPRESS algorithm is recommended for all schoolchildren. Regular training in basic life support regardless of age consolidates long-term skills. Young children from 4 years of age are able to assess the first links in the chain of survival. By 10 to 12 years of age, effective chest compression depths and ventilation volumes can be achieved on training manikins. A combination of theoretical and practical training is recommended. Schoolteachers serve as effective basic life support instructors. Schoolchildren also serve as multipliers by passing on basic life support skills to others. The use of age-appropriate social media tools for teaching is a promising approach for schoolchildren of all ages. CONCLUSIONS Schoolchildren basic life support training has the potential to educate whole generations to respond to cardiac arrest and to increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Comprehensive legislation, curricula, and scientific assessment are crucial to further develop the education of schoolchildren in basic life support.
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49
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Li YH, Zhang S, Tang L, Feng J, Jia J, Chen Y, Liu L, Zhou J. The Role of LincRNA-EPS/Sirt1/Autophagy Pathway in the Neuroprotection Process by Hydrogen against OGD/R-Induced Hippocampal HT22 Cells Injury. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040631. [PMID: 37109017 PMCID: PMC10143835 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury causes high disability and mortality. Hydrogen (H2) enhances tolerance to an announced ischemic event; however, the therapeutic targets for the effective treatment of CI/R injury remain uncertain. Long non-coding RNA lincRNA-erythroid prosurvival (EPS) (lincRNA-EPS) regulate various biological processes, but their involvement in the effects of H2 and their associated underlying mechanisms still needs clarification. Herein, we examine the function of the lincRNA-EPS/Sirt1/autophagy pathway in the neuroprotection of H2 against CI/R injury. HT22 cells and an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model were used to mimic CI/R injury in vitro. H2, 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor), and RAPA (an autophagy agonist) were then administered, respectively. Autophagy, neuro-proinflammation, and apoptosis were evaluated by Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR, and flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that H2 attenuated HT22 cell injury, which would be confirmed by the improved cell survival rate and decreased levels of lactate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, H2 remarkably improved cell injury after OGD/R insult via decreasing pro-inflammatory factors, as well as suppressing apoptosis. Intriguingly, the protection of H2 against neuronal OGD/R injury was abolished by rapamycin. Importantly, the ability of H2 to promote lincRNA-EPS and Sirt1 expression and inhibit autophagy were abrogated by the siRNA-lincRNA-EPS. Taken together, the findings proved that neuronal cell injury caused by OGD/R is efficiently prevented by H2 via modulating lincRNA-EPS/Sirt1/autophagy-dependent pathway. It was hinted that lincRNA-EPS might be a potential target for the H2 treatment of CI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646600, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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50
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Skrifvars MB, Bray J, Hassager C. Optimal oxygen and mean arterial blood pressure targets after cardiac arrest. Intensive Care Med 2023; 49:569-571. [PMID: 36943441 PMCID: PMC10029779 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-023-07018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus B Skrifvars
- Department of Emergency Care and Services, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Janet Bray
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Prehospital, Resuscitation and Emergency Care Research Unit, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christian Hassager
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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