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HEDBERG H, KAELLEN B. STUDIES ON MONONUCLEAR CELLS OBTAINED FROM SYNOVIAL FLUID OF PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF ARTHRITIS. CYTOTOXIC EFFECT ON TISSUE-CULTURED HUMAN FIBROBLASTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 62:177-88. [PMID: 14235230 DOI: 10.1111/apm.1964.62.2.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Popko J, Marciniak J, Ilendo E, Knas M, Guszczyn T, Stasiak-Barmuta A, Moniuszko T, Zwierz K, Wysocka J. Profile of Exoglycosidases in Synovial Cell Cultures Derived from Human Synovial Membrane. Cell Biochem Biophys 2008; 51:89-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-008-9018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gutierrez S, Palacios I, Egido J, Gómez-Garre D, Hernández P, González E, Herrero-Beaumont G. Endothelin-1 induces loss of proteoglycans and enhances fibronectin and collagen production in cultured rabbit synovial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 302:191-7. [PMID: 8791007 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(96)00068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 exerts a wide range of biological actions besides its characteristic vasoconstrictor function. The potential participation of endothelin-1 in rheumatic diseases has hardly been explored. We have studied the possible role of endothelin-1 as a modulator of extracellular matrix turnover in cultured rabbit synoviocytes. In relation to basal levels, endothelin-1 increased the mRNA levels of collagen I and fibronectin at 24 h (130 +/- 9% and 132 +/- 18%, respectively), but did not modify the expression of decorin core proteoglycan. Endothelin-1 also decreased proteoglycan metabolism (about 50% of proteoglycan synthesis inhibition and 270 +/- 32% of degradation rate vs. basal, P < 0.05 in both cases) and enhanced total collagen (1.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.2 microgram hydroxyproline/microgram DNA in basal, P < 0.05) and fibronectin protein synthesis (157 +/- 14% of [35S] methionine incorporation vs. basal, P < 0.05). The endothelin ETA receptor antagonist BQ-123 (Cyclo D-trp-D-asp-pro-D-val-leu) displaced [125I]endothelin-1 binding and inhibited endothelin-1 effects on extracellular matrix components. The cell incubation with indomethacin totally reversed the endothelin-1 effect. These data suggest that endothelin-1 may be an important mediator of the pathogenesis of joint damage, disturbing the extracellular synovial matrix turnover through the endothelin ETA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gutierrez
- Inflammation Unit, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Gutierrez S, Palacios I, Egido J, Zarco P, Miguelez R, González E, Herrero-Beaumont G. IL-1 beta and IL-6 stimulate the production of platelet-activating factor (PAF) by cultured rabbit synovial cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 99:364-8. [PMID: 7882558 PMCID: PMC1534206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb05559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether synovial cells are capable of producing PAF in the presence of cytokines such as IL-1 beta and IL-6 and other stimuli. Synovial cells were obtained from joints of healthy rabbits. PAF production was assayed by measurement of serotonin release in rabbit platelets and the incorporation of 3H-acetate into PAF. Synovial cells produced PAF after 5 min of incubation with ionophore A23187, reaching the maximal amount at 15 min (4.3 +/- 0.7 x 10(-3) pmol of PAF/mg protein, P < 0.005, n = 4), and declining afterwards. The treatment of synoviocytes with IL-1 beta and IL-6 induced synthesis of PAF after 5 min of stimulation, reaching the greatest production at 15 min with IL-6 and 30 min with IL-1 beta (3.6 +/- 1.1 x 10(-3) and 3.3 +/- 1.2 pmol of PAF/mg protein, respectively, P < 0.05, n = 4). The incubation of the cells with PMSF, an inhibitor of acetylhydrolase, before the addition of the stimuli, increased the incorporation rate of 3H-acetate, suggesting a rapid degradation of PAF by synoviocytes. These results demonstrate that synovial cells can produce PAF after stimulation with agonists, such as ionophore, and cytokines. Thus, PAF, acting alone or with other mediators, could amplify the inflammatory joint reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gutierrez
- Unit of Inflammation, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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Ramos-Ruiz R, Bernabeu C, Ariza A, Fernández JM, Larraga V, López-Bote JP. Arthritis transferred by cells derived from pre-inflammatory rat synovium. J Autoimmun 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0896-8411(05)80054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Clarris BJ, Fraser JR, Ash P, Leizer T, Hamilton JA. Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-1 alpha stimulate the N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity of human synovial cells. Rheumatol Int 1987; 7:271-5. [PMID: 3501876 DOI: 10.1007/bf00270528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The properties of synovial cells are altered in vitro by monocyte-macrophage polypeptides (monokines), and these changes could explain some of the properties of the inflamed synovium in rheumatoid disease. Purified monokines have become available only recently for testing on the target synovial cells. We report here that purified human interleukin (IL)-1 beta and recombinant human IL-1 alpha stimulate the extracellular activity of the lysosomal hydrolase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), of human synovial fibroblast-like cells. In contrast, another monokine, synovial activator, does not increase the NAG activity. Thus NAG is another cellular activity which can be modulated by interleukin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Clarris
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Clarris BJ, Leizer T, Fraser JR, Hamilton JA. Diverse morphological responses of normal human synovial fibroblasts to mononuclear leukocyte products: relationship to prostaglandin production and plasminogen activator activities, and comparison with the effects of purified interleukin 1. Rheumatol Int 1987; 7:35-41. [PMID: 3495854 DOI: 10.1007/bf00267340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Supernatant media from cultured human mononuclear blood leukocytes (MCCM) induced morphological changes in normal human synovial fibroblasts in culture, including the formation of cells with a dendritic or stellate morphology and, less frequently, cells with a striking fenestrated appearance. These changes were fully reversed within 1 h of removing the MCCM. They were inhibited by indomethacin, the glucocorticoids hydrocortisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone, and by colcemid, but not by actinomycin D and only weakly by cycloheximide. The morphological responses to MCCM could be reproduced by MCCM fractions containing interleukin 1-like activity and by purified forms of human interleukin 1 (IL-1), including monocyte-derived IL-1 beta and recombinant IL-1 alpha. These responses were also inhibited by indomethacin, indicating a link with prostanoid production. However, the morphological responses were not related to the stimulation of plasminogen activator activity due to MCCM, MCCM fractions, or IL-1.
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Glennås A, Thorsrud AK, Rugstad HE, Jellum E. Mapping of proteins from cultured fibroblasts of synovial and subcutaneous origin by high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ann Rheum Dis 1985; 44:302-6. [PMID: 4004359 PMCID: PMC1001636 DOI: 10.1136/ard.44.5.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nine different cell lines of human (A) rheumatoid and (B) normal synovial fibroblasts and of (C) normal skin fibroblasts were obtained from tissue explants and grown as monolayers. The cellular protein synthesis was studied by high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Between the fourth and 10th passage of the cells in culture apparently no consistent differences were found which could be ascribed to the origin of the cells, to the rheumatoid state of the synovial tissue, or to the increasing age of the cultured fibroblasts.
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Clarris BJ, Malcolm LP. Effects of prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2 alpha on N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activities of human synovial cells in culture. Ann Rheum Dis 1983; 42:187-91. [PMID: 6573873 PMCID: PMC1001097 DOI: 10.1136/ard.42.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The acid hydrolase N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) was used to examine the effects of prostaglandins E1 (PGE1), E2 (PGE2), and F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) on the lysosomal system of human synovial cells in vitro. A spontaneous release of the enzyme occurred from control cultures, which was accelerated by each of the prostaglandins in a concentration-dependent manner, within the range of 10(-8)-10(-6) moles per litre (M). No clear order of potency could be established. The effects of the prostaglandins on release of NAG were less consistent and of smaller magnitude when human serum was replaced by bovine serum albumin in the medium. In the presence of serum small increases also occurred in intracellular NAG activity, but only the effect of PGE1 was statistically significant. The prostaglandins did not appreciably affect the previously established pattern of increased intracellular activity of NAG and reduced release produced by sucrose.
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Abstract
Synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, osteoarthritis, and having menisectomies was examined by immunofluorescence for deposits of alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M). In inflammed tissues, alpha 2M was found in the synovial lining cells and in perivascular cells. The amount of alpha 2M correlated with the degree of inflammation. Similarly, free lining cells obtained by trypsination of the intact synovial membrane contained identical inclusions. alpha 2M was not detected in the menisectomy cases and in the less inflammatory osteoarthritic specimens. In-vitro studies demonstrated uptake of alpha 2M-trypsin complexes but not of native alpha 2M by most of the cultured synovial cells whether they came from rheumatoid patients or controls. The internalised complexes disappeared within 12 hours of culture. The results suggest that alpha 2M-proteinase complexes formed in the joint are taken up by phagocytic and perivascular cells in a similar way to immune complexes.
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Clarris BJ. Morphological effects of prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2 alpha on fibroblast-like cultures of human synovial cells. EXPERIENTIA 1982; 38:350-1. [PMID: 6951717 DOI: 10.1007/bf01949386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Clarris BJ, Baxter E, Michelangeli VP. Activation of human synovial cells by cholera enterotoxin: correlation of morphological responses with adenylate cyclase activities, and the reversing effects of hyaluronidase. Connect Tissue Res 1982; 10:173-86. [PMID: 6219857 DOI: 10.3109/03008208209034417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Previously described morphological changes in human synovial cell cultures due to cholera enterotoxin (CT) were studied in relation to activation of adenylate cyclase. A single pulse of CT at nanomolar concentration or less induced at least two-fold activation of adenylate cyclase, which persisted for 7 days or more. The enzyme hyaluronidase was found to cause a rapid reversal of the morphological effects of CT. There was also a reduction in adenylate cyclase activity but only with hyaluronidase concentrations greater than those required to produce maximum reversal of the CT-induced morphological changes. Removal of hyaluronidase was followed by reappearance of the CT-associated morphological effects and a slower reactivation of adenylate cyclase. The mechanism by which hyaluronidase produces the observed changes in synovial cells is not known, but might be related to the dispersal of hyaluronic acid gels bound to the surface of these cells.
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Vischer TL, Flory E, Muirden K. alpha 2M-proteinase complexes are taken up by macrophages during joint inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1982; 155:635-9. [PMID: 6186128 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4394-3_69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Clarris BJ, Fraser JR, Stanley JF. Some in-vitro comparisons of synovial cells dispersed by trypsin from rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid synovium. Ann Rheum Dis 1981; 40:286-92. [PMID: 7247472 PMCID: PMC1000764 DOI: 10.1136/ard.40.3.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Life spans, growth rate, glucose utilisation, response to hydrocortisone, and intracellular activity of lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase of rheumatoid synovial cells in culture were compared with these properties in nonrheumatoid synovial cells. Except for a small group of RA cells derived from tissue explants, the cells were all isolated by trypsinisation of synovial tissue, either within intact joints or after synovectomy. Cell lines were established by passaging with trypsin. In a study of 56 nonrheumatoid and 24 rheumatoid synovial lines isolated during a 7-year period the latter were found to have a shortened mean life expectancy in culture, though there was wide variation between individual lines. This is in agreement with reported findings from untrypsinised explant-derived synovial lines. However, in the present study mean multiplication rates were identical for nonrheumatoid and rheumatoid synovial cells, and on clear differences could be demonstrated for the other properties studied. No correlation could be found between the life spans of synovial cell lines and the age of the cell donors, whether from rheumatoid or nonrheumatoid sources. Rheumatoid synovial cells isolated from intact joints were notable for especially high proportions of macrophage-like cells and suppression of fibroblasts. In most cases cell lines could not be established from these rheumatoid primary cultures, and in others the lines were short-lived. Early association with relatively high proportions of macrophage-like cells in rheumatoid cultures might thus be important in influencing the establishment and behaviour of synovial cell lines.
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Robinson AD, Muirden KD. Cellular immunity to possible synovial antigens in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1980; 39:539-44. [PMID: 7458429 PMCID: PMC1000616 DOI: 10.1136/ard.39.6.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A reaction has been demonstrated between extracts of synovial cells removed from intact rheumatoid knee joints and autologous leucocytes. The cell mediated immunity test system used was leucocyte migration inhibition. Variable reactions were found with a spectrum of allogeneic extracts when donor leucocytes came from married or transfused females or transfused males. Leucocytes from healthy (nontransfused) males showed no reaction with any of the extracts. As a period of cell culture was used prior to preparation of this extract to remove nonspecific inhibitory substances, native immunoglobulins, and complexes, the data are best explained by the presence of a foreign pathogen or altered cell component in the synovial cells of these rheumatoid patients.
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Clarris BJ, Fraser JR, Baxter E, Malcolm LP. Effects of carrageenin on human synovial cells in vitro: morphology, hyaluronic acid production, growth, and the lysosomal system. Ann Rheum Dis 1979; 38:295-8. [PMID: 384933 PMCID: PMC1000453 DOI: 10.1136/ard.38.3.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Some in-vitro effects of the arthritogenic polysaccharide carrageenin were studied on cells from human synovium. Synovial cells were isolated from intact human knee joints, and cell lines were developed by passaging with trypsin. Carrageenin was ingested by the cells but did not significantly affect cell growth, numbers of lysosomes, intracellular lysosomal enzyme activity (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase), or release of lysosomal enzyme from cells. Carrageenin produced a reduction in net hyaluronic acid synthesis. It also induced a striking morphological change in a high proportion of synovial cells, characterised by increased spreading over the culture surface and apparent condensation of the cytoplasm into a pattern of ridges. Nonrheumatoid and rheumatoid synovial cells behaved similarly to one another.
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Clarris BJ, Fraser JR, Moran CJ, Muirden KD. Rheumatoid synovial cells from intact joints. Morphology, growth, and polykaryocytosis. Ann Rheum Dis 1977; 36:293-301. [PMID: 901027 PMCID: PMC1006689 DOI: 10.1136/ard.36.4.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Synovial cell lines were isolated by instillation of trypsin or chymotrypsin into intact knee joints of patients with persistent rheumatoid effusions resistant to conventional therapy. Morphology and growth in the primary phase were compared with rheumatoid cells isolated from excised synovium and nonrheumatoid synovial cells obtained from intact joints of cadavers or amputated limbs. Cell populations from all sources included varying proportions of macrophage-like and fibroblast-like cells, with only 1-3% multinucleated cells. In medium supplemented with calf serum alone, rheumatoid cells from intact joints showed negligible changes in morphology. However, in the presence of nonrheumatoid, autologous rheumatoid or homologous rheumatoid serum a rapid increase occurred in size of the macrophage-like cells and numbers of polykaryocytes, including some giant syncytial cells. These effects were directly proportional to serum concentration and were identical in fresh or heat-inactivated serum. In most of these rheumatoid cell lines no multiplication occurred, regardless of serum type or concentration. In rheumatoid synovial cells from excised synovium, human serum induced both polykaryocytosis and rapid growth of fibroblasts. Nonrheumatoid synovial cells grew rapidly but few polykaryocytes developed, mostly with less than 6 nuclei. Evidence of viral infection in rheumatoid synovial cells was sought by electron microscopy after stimulation of polykaryocytosis by human serum. In one of the cultures many cells were found with intranuclear particles possessing characteristics of the adenovirus group.
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Krey PR, Scheinberg MA, Cohen AS. Fine structural analysis of rabbit synovial cells. II. Fine structure and rosette-forming cells of explant and monolayer cultures. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1976; 19:581-92. [PMID: 181009 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780190310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fine structure and plasma membrane receptors of explant and monolayer cells of normal rabbit synovium were studied. In explants about 10% of the cells were round and formed rosettes with IgC and C3 markers, whereas the remaining cells were stellate, resembled young fibroblasts, and had no receptors for IgG and complement. Monolayer cells looked like fibroblasts, produced fine extracellular fibrils and hyaluronate, and formed no rosettes. Thus early cultures contain both macrophages and fibroblasts but only the latter persist in monolayer.
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Kinsella TD, Baum J, Ziff M. Studies of isolated synovial living cells of rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid synovial membranes. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1970; 13:734-53. [PMID: 4924595 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780130603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Clarris BJ, Fraser JR. Relationship between chromosomal changes and alterations in the behaviour of a strain of human synovial cells during its life history in vitro. Ann Rheum Dis 1968; 27:597-603. [PMID: 5728104 PMCID: PMC1010481 DOI: 10.1136/ard.27.6.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Muirden KD, Fraser JR, Clarris B. Ferritin formation by synovial cells exposed to haemoglobin in vitro. Ann Rheum Dis 1967; 26:251-9. [PMID: 6024921 PMCID: PMC1010423 DOI: 10.1136/ard.26.3.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- R. B. Goudie
- University Department of Pathology, Western Infirmary, and Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Baird Street, Glasgow
| | - W. Watson Buchanan
- University Department of Pathology, Western Infirmary, and Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Baird Street, Glasgow
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Williamson N, James K, Ling NR, Holt LP. Synovial cells. A study of the morphology and an examination of protein synthesis of synovial cells. Ann Rheum Dis 1966; 25:534-46. [PMID: 5954318 PMCID: PMC2453433 DOI: 10.1136/ard.25.6.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ford DK, Oh JO. Use of "synovial" cell cultures in the search for virus in rheumatoid arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1965; 8:1047-52. [PMID: 5884815 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780080604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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