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Ganjoo A, Babu V. Recombinant Amidases: Recent Insights and its Applications in the Production of Industrially Important Fine Chemicals. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01123-8. [PMID: 38598092 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The current research for the synthesis of industrially important fine chemicals is more inclined towards developing enzyme-based processes. The biotransformation reactions wherein microbial cells/enzymes are used, have become essential in making the process efficient, green, and economical. Amongst industrially important enzymes, amidase is one of the most versatile tools in biocatalysis and biotransformation reactions. It shows broad substrate specificity and sturdy functional characteristics because of its promiscuous nature. Further, advancement in the area led to the development of amidase recombinant systems, which are developed using biotechnology and enzyme engineering tools. Additionally, recombinant amidases may be instrumental in commercializing the synthesis of fine chemicals such as hydroxamic acids that have a significant pharmaceutical market. Hence, the present review focuses on highlighting and assimilating the tools and techniques used in developing recombinant systems followed by their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Ganjoo
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vikash Babu
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Jiang H, Yuan P, Ding J, Wu H, Wang L, Chen K, Jiang N, Dai Y. Novel biodegradation pathway of insecticide flonicamid mediated by an amidase and its unusual substrate spectrum. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129952. [PMID: 36116312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The insecticide flonicamid (FLO) and its main degradation intermediate 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide (TFNA-AM) are hazardous to the environment and animals. Microbial transformation of FLO has been well studied, but no study has yet reported on TFNA-AM degradation by a microorganism. Here, Pseudomonas stutzeri CGMCC 22915 effectively degraded TFNA-AM to 5-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid (TFNA). P. stutzeri CGMCC 22915 degraded 60.0% of TFNA-AM (1154.44 μmol/L) within 6 h with a half-life of just 4.5 h. Moreover, P. stutzeri CGMCC 22915 significantly promoted TFNA-AM decomposition in surface water. The reaction was catalyzed by an amidase, PsAmiA. PsAmiA is encoded in a novel nitrile-converting enzyme gene cluster. The enzyme shared only 20-44% identities with previously characterized signature amidases. PsAmiA was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and its enzymatic properties were investigated using TFNA-AM as the substrate. PsAmiA was more active toward amides without hydrophilic groups, and did not hydrolyze another amide metabolite of FLO, N-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl)glycinamide (TFNG-AM), which is structurally very similar to TFNA-AM. Molecular docking of PsAmiA and TFNA-AM indicated that hydrophobic residues Leu148, Ala150, Ala195, Ile225, Trp341, Leu460, and Ile463 may affect its substrate spectrum. This study provides new insights of the environmental fate of FLO at the molecular level and the structure-function relationships of amidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huoyong Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Panpan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianjun Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kexin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nengdang Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yijun Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Moraes MI, Iglesias C, Teixeira IS, Milagre HM, Giordano SR, Milagre CD. Biotransformations of nitriles mediated by in vivo nitrile hydratase of Rhodococcus erythropolis ATCC 4277 heterologously expressed in E. Coli. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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4
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Shen JD, Cai X, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. High Throughput Screening of Signal Peptide Library with Novel Fluorescent Probe. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202100523. [PMID: 35470527 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is an excellent bio-catalyst for the synthesis of amide compounds, was composed of two heterologous subunits. However, the secretory expression of NHase has been difficult to achieve because of its complex expression mechanism. In this work, a novel fluorescent probe Rho-IDA-CoII was synthesized by the one-pot method. Rho-IDA-CoII could specifically label His-tagged proteins in vitro specifically, such as staining in-gel, western blot and ELISA. Furthermore, Rho-IDA-CoII combined with dot blot could quantitatively detect His-tagged proteins between 1 - 10 pmol and perform high-throughput screening for the NHase signal peptide library. The recombinant Bacillus subtilis WB800/phoB-HBA with the extracellular expression of NHase was screened from ca. 6500 clones. After optimization of fermentation conditions, the NHase activity in the culture supernatant reached to 17.34 ± 0.16 U/mL. It was the first time to express secretory NHase in Bacillus subtilis successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Dong Shen
- Zhejiang University of Technology, College of biotechnology and bioengineering, CHINA
| | - Xue Cai
- Zhejiang University of Technology, college of biotechnology and bioengineering, CHINA
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Zhejiang University of Technology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chaowang Rd. 18#, 3100114, Hangzhou, CHINA
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Zhejiang University of Technology, college of biotechnology and bioengineering, CHINA
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5
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Wu Z, Liu C, Zhang Z, Zheng R, Zheng Y. Amidase as a versatile tool in amide-bond cleavage: From molecular features to biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107574. [PMID: 32512219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Amidases (EC 3. 5. 1. X) are versatile biocatalysts for synthesis of chiral carboxylic acids, α-amino acids and amides due to their hydrolytic and acyl transfer activity towards the C-N linkages. They have been extensively exploited and studied during the past years for their high specific activity and excellent enantioselectivity involved in various biotechnological applications in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Additionally, they have attracted considerable attentions in biodegradation and bioremediation owing to environmental pressures. Motivated by industrial demands, crystallographic investigations and catalytic mechanisms of amidases based on structural biology have witnessed a dramatic promotion in the last two decades. The protein structures showed that different types of amidases have their typical stuctural elements, such as the conserved AS domains in signature amidases and the typical architecture of metal-associated active sites in acetamidase/formamidase family amidases. This review provides an overview of recent research advances in various amidases, with a focus on their structural basis of phylogenetics, substrate specificities and catalytic mechanisms as well as their biotechnological applications. As more crystal structures of amidases are determined, the structure/function relationships of these enzymes will also be further elucidated, which will facilitate molecular engineering and design of amidases to meet industrial requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Renchao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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6
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Jiao S, Li F, Yu H, Shen Z. Advances in acrylamide bioproduction catalyzed with Rhodococcus cells harboring nitrile hydratase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:1001-1012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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7
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Advances in cloning, structural and bioremediation aspects of nitrile hydratases. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4661-4673. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Yang Z, Pei X, Xu G, Wu J, Yang L. Efficient Production of 2,6-Difluorobenzamide by Recombinant Escherichia coli Expressing the Aurantimonas manganoxydans Nitrile Hydratase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:439-448. [PMID: 29971551 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
2,6-Difluorobenzamide is an important intermediate with many applications in pesticide industries. Through screening a library of recombinant nitrile hydratases, the nitrile hydratase from Aurantimonas manganoxydans ATCC BAA-1229 was selected for production of 2,6-difluorobenzamide from 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile. Key parameters of the biocatalytic process, including temperature, pH, substrate loading, and substrate feeding mode, were optimized. Finally, 314 g/L of 2,6-difluorobenzamide was produced in a simple batch process within 11 h without formation of any by-product in an economical non-buffer system and similar result was obtained when scaled up to 30 L. This study constitutes the first report of 2,6-difluorobenzamide significant production using a recombinant Escherichia coli-based biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaolin Pei
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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9
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Santoshkumar M, Ismailsab M, Nayak AS, Mashetty SB, Karegoudar T. Purification and characterization of amidase from Paracoccus sp. SKG: Utilization of amidase-inhibited whole cells for bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Argiroff WA, Zak DR, Lanser CM, Wiley MJ. Microbial Community Functional Potential and Composition Are Shaped by Hydrologic Connectivity in Riverine Floodplain Soils. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 73:630-644. [PMID: 27807645 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Riverine floodplains are ecologically and economically valuable ecosystems that are heavily threatened by anthropogenic stressors. Microbial communities in floodplain soils mediate critical biogeochemical processes, yet we understand little about the relationship between these communities and variation in hydrologic connectivity related to land management or topography. Here, we present metagenomic evidence that differences among microbial communities in three floodplain soils correspond to a long-term gradient of hydrologic connectivity. Specifically, all strictly anaerobic taxa and metabolic pathways were positively associated with increased hydrologic connectivity and flooding frequency. In contrast, most aerobic taxa and all strictly aerobic pathways were negatively related to hydrologic connectivity and flooding frequency. Furthermore, the genetic potential to metabolize organic compounds tended to decrease as hydrologic connectivity increased, which may reflect either the observed concomitant decline of soil organic matter or the parallel increase in both anaerobic taxa and pathways. A decline in soil N, accompanied by an increased genetic potential for oligotrophic N acquisition subsystems, suggests that soil nutrients also shape microbial communities in these soils. We conclude that differences among floodplain soil microbial communities can be conceptualized along a gradient of hydrologic connectivity. Additionally, we show that these differences are likely due to connectivity-related variation in flooding frequency, soil organic matter, and soil N. Our findings are particularly relevant to the restoration and management of microbially mediated biogeochemical processes in riverine floodplain wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Argiroff
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Donald R Zak
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christine M Lanser
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael J Wiley
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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11
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Pratush A, Seth A, Bhalla TC. Expression of nitrile hydratase gene of mutant 4D strain of Rhodococcus rhodochrous PA 34 in Pichia pastoris. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1247831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pratush
- Department of Bioengineering, School of life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Amit Seth
- Department of Bioengineering, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and management Sciences, Solan, India, and
| | - Tek Chand Bhalla
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
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12
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Ammonium acrylate biomanufacturing by an engineered Rhodococcus ruber with nitrilase overexpression and double-knockout of nitrile hydratase and amidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:1631-1639. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rhodococcus ruber TH was selected as a parent strain to engineer for biomanufacturing of ammonium acrylate; the characteristics of this strain included accelerated growth rate, high cell tolerance and natively overexpressed nitrile hydratase (NHase). Transcriptome analysis revealed that the transcription levels of the native NHase, amidase and nitrilase were extremely high, moderate and extremely low, respectively. Through NHase-amidase double-knockout and amidase single-knockout, the engineered strains R. ruber THdAdN and R. ruber THdA were obtained for overexpression of a heterologous nitrilase from R. rhodochrous tg1-A6 using a urea-induced Pa2 promoter. The nitrilase activity toward substrate acrylonitrile in the engineered THdAdN(Nit) reached 187.0 U/mL at 42 h, threefold of that R. rhodochrous tg1-A6 and 2.3-fold of that of THdA(Nit). The optimal catalysis temperature and pH of the nitrilases in different cells exhibited no significant difference. Using the cells as catalysts, biomanufacturing of ammonium acrylate was performed under room temperature. When catalyzed by the engineered THdAdN(Nit), the titer and productivity of ammonium acrylate dramatically increased to 741.0 g/L and 344.9 g/L/h, which are the highest results reported to date.
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Enhanced production of thermostable amidase from Geobacillus subterraneus RL-2a MTCC 11502 via optimization of physicochemical parameters using Taguchi DOE methodology. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:66. [PMID: 28330136 PMCID: PMC4754296 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific effect of chemical and physical factors on amidase production from Geobacillus subterraneus RL-2a was investigated using design of experiments (DOE) methodology. The one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method was used to study the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on amidase production. Subsequently, optimal levels of physical parameters and key media components, namely temperature, pH, sucrose, K2HPO4, NaCl, yeast, CaCl2·2H2O and MgSO4·7H2O, were determined using the Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) experimental design (DOE) methodology. Taguchi method based on three levels with a OA layout of L18 (21 × 37) with eight most influential factors on amidase synthesis for the proposed experimental design. Analysis of variance was performed on the obtained results and optimum condition suggested by statistical calculations was tested in a verification test. An increase of 169.56 % in amidase production compared to the unoptimized conditions was observed and the conversion of isonicotinamide was significantly improved after performing optimization techniques, including OFAT and Taguchi method. The result indicated that Taguchi method was effective in optimizing the culture conditions of amidase production.
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14
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Wu ZM, Zheng RC, Zheng YG. Exploitation and characterization of three versatile amidase super family members from Delftia tsuruhatensis ZJB-05174. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 86:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Guo FM, Wu JP, Yang LR, Xu G. Overexpression of a nitrile hydratase from Klebsiella oxytoca KCTC 1686 in Escherichia coli and its biochemical characterization. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Sun SL, Lu TQ, Yang WL, Guo JJ, Rui X, Mao SY, Zhou LY, Dai YJ. Characterization of a versatile nitrile hydratase of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid-degrading bacterium Ensifer meliloti CGMCC 7333. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27966f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitrogen-fixing bacterium Ensifer meliloti CGMCC 7333 and its nitrile hydratase (NHase) degrade the neonicotinoid insecticides, thiacloprid (THI) and acetamiprid (ACE), to their corresponding amide metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Tian-Qi Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Wen-Long Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Jing-Jing Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Xue Rui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Shi-Yun Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Ling-Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
| | - Yi-Jun Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources
- College of Life Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
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17
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du Preez R, Clarke KG, Callanan LH, Burton SG. Modelling of immobilised enzyme biocatalytic membrane reactor performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Guo FM, Wu JP, Yang LR, Xu G. Soluble and functional expression of a recombinant enantioselective amidase from Klebsiella oxytoca KCTC 1686 in Escherichia coli and its biochemical characterization. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Pei X, Wang Q, Meng L, Li J, Yang Z, Yin X, Yang L, Chen S, Wu J. Chaperones-assisted soluble expression and maturation of recombinant Co-type nitrile hydratase in Escherichia coli to avoid the need for a low induction temperature. J Biotechnol 2015; 203:9-16. [PMID: 25796588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is an important industrial enzyme that biosynthesizes high-value amides. However, most of NHases expressed in Escherichia coli easily aggregate to inactive inclusion bodies unless the induction temperature is reduced to approximately 20°C. The NHase from Aurantimonas manganoxydans has been functionally expressed in E. coli, and exhibits considerable potential for the production of nicotinamide in industrial application. In this study, the effects of chaperones including GroEL/ES, Dnak/J-GrpE and trigger factor on the expression of the recombinant Co-type NHase were investigated. The results indicate that three chaperones can significantly promote the active expression of the recombinant NHase at 30°C. The total NHase activities reached to 263 and 155U/ml in shake flasks when the NHase was co-expressed with GroEL/ES and DnaK/J-GrpE, which were 52- and 31-fold higher than the observed activities without chaperones, respectively. This increase is possibly due to the soluble expression of the recombinant NHase assisted by molecular chaperones. Furthermore, GroEL/ES and DnaK/J-GrpE were determined to promote the maturation of the Co-type NHase in E. coli under the absence of the parental activator gene. These knowledge regarding the chaperones effect on the NHase expression are useful for understanding the biosynthesis of Co-type NHase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Pei
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Lijun Meng
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, PR China
| | - Zhengfen Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, PR China
| | - Xiaopu Yin
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310012, PR China
| | - Lirong Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, PR China
| | - Shaoyun Chen
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China.
| | - Jianping Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, PR China.
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20
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Chen S, Gao H, Chen J, Wu J. Surface modification of polyacrylonitrile fibre by nitrile hydratase from Corynebacterium nitrilophilus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:2058-66. [PMID: 25163886 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previously, nitrile hydratase (NHase) from Corynebacterium nitrilophilus was obtained and showed potential in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibre modification. In the present study, the modification conditions of C. nitrilophilus NHase on PAN were investigated. In the optimal conditions, the wettability and dyeability (anionic and reactive dyes) of PAN treated by C. nitrilophilus NHase reached a similar level of those treated by alkali. In addition, the chemical composition and microscopically observable were changed in the PAN surface after NHase treatment. Meanwhile, it revealed that cutinase combined with NHase facilitates the PAN hydrolysis slightly because of the ester existed in PAN as co-monomer was hydrolyzed. All these results demonstrated that C. nitrilophilus NHase can modify PAN efficiently without textile structure damage, and this study provides a foundation for the further application of C. nitrilophilus NHase in PAN modification industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave., Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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21
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Kang MS, Han SS, Kim MY, Kim BY, Huh JP, Kim HS, Lee JH. High-level expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum of nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous for acrylamide production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4379-87. [PMID: 24493572 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The nhhBAG gene of Rhodococcus rhodochrous M33 that encodes nitrile hydratase (NHase), converting acrylonitrile into acrylamide, was cloned and expressed in Corynebacterium glutamicum under the control of an ilvC promoter. The specific enzyme activity in recombinant C. glutamicum cells was about 13.6 μmol/min/mg dry cell weight (DCW). To overexpress the NHase, five types of plasmid variants were constructed by introducing mutations into 80 nucleotides near the translational initiation region (TIR) of nhhB. Of them, pNBM4 with seven mutations showed the highest NHase activity, exhibiting higher expression levels of NhhB and NhhA than wild-type pNBW33, mainly owing to decreased secondary-structure stability and an introduction of a conserved Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the translational initiation region. In a fed-batch culture of recombinant Corynebacterium cells harboring pNBM4, the cell density reached 53.4 g DCW/L within 18 h, and the specific and total enzyme activities were estimated to be 37.3 μmol/min/mg DCW and 1,992 μmol/min/mL, respectively. The use of recombinant Corynebacterium cells for the production of acrylamide from acrylonitrile resulted in a conversion yield of 93 % and a final acrylamide concentration of 42.5 % within 6 h when the total amount of fed acrylonitrile was 456 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Suk Kang
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, 309, Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 608-736, South Korea
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22
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Duca D, Lorv J, Patten CL, Rose D, Glick BR. Indole-3-acetic acid in plant-microbe interactions. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 106:85-125. [PMID: 24445491 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an important phytohormone with the capacity to control plant development in both beneficial and deleterious ways. The ability to synthesize IAA is an attribute that many bacteria including both plant growth-promoters and phytopathogens possess. There are three main pathways through which IAA is synthesized; the indole-3-pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetamide and indole-3-acetonitrile pathways. This chapter reviews the factors that effect the production of this phytohormone, the role of IAA in bacterial physiology and in plant-microbe interactions including phytostimulation and phytopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Duca
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada,
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23
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Discovery of a new Fe-type nitrile hydratase efficiently hydrating aliphatic and aromatic nitriles by genome mining. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Pei X, Zhang H, Meng L, Xu G, Yang L, Wu J. Efficient cloning and expression of a thermostable nitrile hydratase in Escherichia coli using an auto-induction fed-batch strategy. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Lipowicz B, Hanekop N, Schmitt L, Proksch P. An aeroplysinin-1 specific nitrile hydratase isolated from the marine sponge Aplysina cavernicola. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3046-67. [PMID: 23966036 PMCID: PMC3766881 DOI: 10.3390/md11083046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A nitrile hydratase (NHase) that specifically accepts the nitrile aeroplysinin-1 (1) as a substrate and converts it into the dienone amide verongiaquinol (7) was isolated, partially purified and characterized from the Mediterranean sponge Aplysina cavernicola; although it is currently not known whether the enzyme is of sponge origin or produced by its symbiotic microorganisms. The formation of aeroplysinin-1 and of the corresponding dienone amide is part of the chemical defence system of A. cavernicola. The latter two compounds that show strong antibiotic activity originate from brominated isoxazoline alkaloids that are thought to protect the sponges from invasion of bacterial pathogens. The sponge was shown to contain at least two NHases as two excised protein bands from a non denaturating Blue Native gel showed nitrile hydratase activity, which was not observed for control samples. The enzymes were shown to be manganese dependent, although cobalt and nickel ions were also able to recover the activity of the nitrile hydratases. The temperature and pH optimum of the studied enzymes were found at 41 °C and pH 7.8. The enzymes showed high substrate specificity towards the physiological substrate aeroplysinin-1 (1) since none of the substrate analogues that were prepared either by partial or by total synthesis were converted in an in vitro assay. Moreover de-novo sequencing by mass spectrometry was employed to obtain information about the primary structure of the studied NHases, which did not reveal any homology to known NHases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Lipowicz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Bldg. 26.23, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Nils Hanekop
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Bldg. 26.42, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Bldg. 26.42, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Bldg. 26.23, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; E-Mail:
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Mehta PK, Bhatia SK, Bhatia RK, Bhalla TC. Purification and characterization of a novel thermo-active amidase from Geobacillus subterraneus RL-2a. Extremophiles 2013; 17:637-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-013-0547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Purification Studies on a Thermo-active Amidase of Geobacillus pallidus BTP-5x MTCC 9225 Isolated from Thermal Springs of Tatapani (Himachal Pradesh). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 169:1-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Nitrile hydratases (NHases): At the interface of academia and industry. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:725-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Olaofe OA, Burton SG, Cowan DA, Harrison ST. Improving the production of a thermostable amidase through optimising IPTG induction in a highly dense culture of recombinant Escherichia coli. Biochem Eng J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Yue Y, Lian J, Tian P, Tan T. Cloning of amidase gene from Rhodococcus erythropolis and expression by distinct promoters in Bacillus subtilis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Sari MA, Jaouen M, Saroja NR, Artaud I. Influence of cobalt substitution on the activity of iron-type nitrile hydratase: are cobalt type nitrile hydratases regulated by carbon monoxide? J Inorg Biochem 2006; 101:614-22. [PMID: 17267045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Comamonas testosteroni Ni1 nitrile hydratase is a Fe-type nitrile hydratase whose native and recombinant forms are identical. Here, the iron of Ni1 nitrile hydratase was replaced by cobalt using a chaperone based Escherichia coli expression system. Cobalt (CoNi1) and iron (FeNi1) enzymes share identical Vmax (30 nmol min(-1) mg(-1)) and Km (200 microM) toward their substrate and identical Ki values for the known competitive inhibitors of FeNi1. However, nitrophenols used as inhibitors do display a different inhibition pattern on both enzymes. Furthermore, CoNi1 and FeNi1 are also different in their sensitivity to nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, CO being selective of the cobalt enzyme. These differences are rationalized in relation to the nature of the catalytic metal center in the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Agnès Sari
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université René Descartes, UMR 8601 CNRS, 45 Rue des Saint-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
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32
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Yu HM, Shi Y, Luo H, Tian ZL, Zhu YQ, Shen ZY. An over expression and high efficient mutation system of a cobalt-containing nitrile hydratase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Agarkar VB, Kimani SW, Cowan DA, Sayed MFR, Sewell BT. The quaternary structure of the amidase from Geobacillus pallidus RAPc8 is revealed by its crystal packing. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2006; 62:1174-8. [PMID: 17142891 PMCID: PMC2225364 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309106043855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The amidase from Geobacillus pallidus RAPc8, a moderate thermophile, is a member of the nitrilase enzyme superfamily. It converts amides to the corresponding acids and ammonia and has application as an industrial catalyst. RAPc8 amidase has been cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and has been purified by heat treatment and a number of chromatographic steps. The enzyme was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Crystals produced in the presence of 1.2 M sodium citrate, 400 mM NaCl, 100 mM sodium acetate pH 5.6 were selected for X-ray diffraction studies. A data set having acceptable statistics to 1.96 A resolution was collected under cryoconditions using an in-house X-ray source. The space group was determined to be primitive cubic P4(2)32, with unit-cell parameter a = 130.49 (+/-0.05) A. The structure was solved by molecular replacement using the backbone of the hypothetical protein PH0642 from Pyrococcus horikoshii (PDB code 1j31) with all non-identical side chains substituted with alanine as a probe. There is one subunit per asymmetric unit. The subunits are packed as trimers of dimers with D3 point-group symmetry around the threefold axis in such a way that the dimer interface seen in the homologues is preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod B. Agarkar
- Advanced Research Centre for Applied Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Serah W. Kimani
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Donald A. Cowan
- Advanced Research Centre for Applied Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Muhammed F.-R. Sayed
- Advanced Research Centre for Applied Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - B. Trevor Sewell
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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34
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Ryabchenko LE, Podchernyaev DA, Kotlova EK, Yanenko AS. Cloning the amidase gene from Rhodococcus rhodochrous M8 and its expression in Escherichia coli. RUSS J GENET+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795406080060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Kataoka S, Arakawa T, Hori S, Katayama Y, Hara Y, Matsushita Y, Nakayama H, Yohda M, Nyunoya H, Dohmae N, Maeda M, Odaka M. Functional expression of thiocyanate hydrolase is promoted by its activator protein, P15K. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:4667-72. [PMID: 16879822 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Revised: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thiocyanate hydrolase (SCNase) is a cobalt-containing enzyme with a post-translationally modified cysteine ligand, gammaCys131-SO(2)H. When the SCNase alpha, beta and gamma subunits were expressed in Escherichia coli, the subunits assembled to form a hetero-dodecamer, (alphabetagamma)(4), like native SCNase but exhibited no catalytic activity. Metal analysis indicated that SCNase was expressed as an apo-form irrespective of the presence of cobalt in the medium. On the contrary, SCNase co-expressed with P15K, encoded just downstream of SCNase genes, in cobalt-enriched medium under the optimized condition (SCNase((+P15K))) possessed 0.86 Co atom/alphabetagamma trimer and exhibited 78% of the activity of native SCNase. SCNase((+P15K)) showed a UV-Vis absorption peak characteristic of the SCNase cobalt center. About 70% of SCNase((+P15K)) had the gammaCys131-SO(2)H modification. These results indicate that SCNase((+P15K)) is the active holo-SCNase. P15K is likely to promote the functional expression of SCNase probably by assisting the incorporation of cobalt ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kataoka
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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36
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Hourai S, Ishii T, Miki M, Takashima Y, Mitsuda S, Yanagi K. Cloning, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of nitrile hydratase from the themophilic Bacillus smithii SC-J05-1. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2005; 61:974-7. [PMID: 16511211 PMCID: PMC1978134 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309105030939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile hydratase (NHase) converts nitriles to the corresponding amides and is recognized as having important industrial applications. Purification, cloning, crystallization and initial crystallographic studies of the NHase from Bacillus smithii SC-J05-1 (Bs NHase) were conducted to analyze the activity, specificity and thermal stability of this hydrolytic enzyme. Bs NHase was purified to homogeneity from microbial cells of B. smithii SC-J05-1 and the nucleotide sequences of both the alpha- and beta-subunits were determined. Purified Bs NHase was used for crystallization and several crystal forms were obtained by the vapour-diffusion method. Microseeding and the addition of magnesium ions were essential components to obtain crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hourai
- Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd Environmental Health Science Laboratory, 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohanaku, Osaka 554-8558, Japan.
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37
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Cameron RA, Sayed M, Cowan DA. Molecular analysis of the nitrile catabolism operon of the thermophile Bacillus pallidus RAPc8. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1725:35-46. [PMID: 15955632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Revised: 03/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The gene cluster containing the nitrile hydratase (NHase) and amidase genes of a moderate thermophile, B. pallidus RAPc8 has been cloned and sequenced. The (5.9 kb) section of cloned DNA contained eight complete open reading frames, encoding (in order), amidase (belonging to the nitrilase related aliphatic amidase family), nitrile hydratase beta and alpha subunits (of the cobalt containing class), a 122-amino acid accessory protein, designated P14K, a homologue of the 2Fe-2S class of ferredoxins and three putative proteins with distinct homology to the cobalt uptake proteins cbiM, cbiN and cbiQ of the S. typhimurium LT2 cobalamin biosynthesis pathway. The amidase and nitrile hydratase genes were subcloned and inducibly expressed in Escherichia coli, to levels of approximately 37 U/mg and 49 U/mg, respectively, without the co-expression of additional flanking genes. However, co-expression of P14K with the NHase structural genes significantly enhanced the specific activity of the recombinant NHase. This is the first description of an accessory protein involved in thermostable NHase expression. Modelling of the P14K protein structure has suggested that this protein functions as a subunit-specific chaperone, aiding in the folding of the NHase alpha subunit prior to alpha-beta subunit association and the formation of alpha(2)beta(2) NHase holoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory A Cameron
- Advanced Research Centre for Applied Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
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38
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Bellinzoni M, Buroni S, Pasca MR, Guglierame P, Arcesi F, De Rossi E, Riccardi G. Glutamine amidotransferase activity of NAD+ synthetase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on an amino-terminal nitrilase domain. Res Microbiol 2005; 156:173-7. [PMID: 15748981 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2004.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Accepted: 08/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
NAD(+) synthetase (NadE; E.C. 6.3.5.1) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis utilizes both glutamine and ammonia to catalyze NAD(+) production, in contrast to the corresponding NH(3)-dependent enzymes from other prokaryotes. Here we report the site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids located in the N-terminal domain and predicted to be essential for glutamine hydrolysis. The residues forming the putative catalytic triad (Cys176, Glu52 and Lys121) were replaced by alanine; the mutated enzymes were expressed in the Escherichia coli Origami (DE3) strain and purified. The three mutants completely lost their glutamine-dependent activity, clearly indicating that Cys176, Glu52 and Lys121 are crucial for this activity. In contrast, the C176A and E52A variants, respectively, retained 90 and 30% of the original NH(3)-dependent specific activity, while the K121A mutant lost this activity. The results show that glutamine-amidotransferase activity is mediated by an N-terminal domain belonging to the superfamily of nitrilases. This domain, a new type of glutamine amide transfer (GAT) domain, is the first to be characterized in bacterial NAD(+) synthetases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bellinzoni
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Petrillo KL, Wu S, Hann EC, Cooling FB, Ben-Bassat A, Gavagan JE, DiCosimo R, Payne MS. Over-expression in Escherichia coli of a thermally stable and regio-selective nitrile hydratase from Comamonas testosteroni 5-MGAM-4D. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 67:664-70. [PMID: 15668757 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2004] [Revised: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genes encoding a thermally stable and regio-selective nitrile hydratase (NHase) and an amidase from Comamonas testosteroni 5-MGAM-4D have been cloned and sequenced, and active NHase has been over-produced in Escherichia coli. Maximal activity requires co-expression of a small open reading frame immediately downstream from the NHase beta subunit gene. Compared to the native organism, the E. coli biocatalyst has nearly threefold more NHase activity on a dry cell weight basis, and this activity is significantly more thermally stable. In addition, this biocatalyst converts a wide spectrum of nitrile substrates to the corresponding amides. Such versatility and robustness are desirable attributes of a biocatalyst intended for use in commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Petrillo
- Central Research and Development Department, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Experimental Station, P.O. Box 80328, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328, USA
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40
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Cloning of the nitrile hydratase gene from Nocardia sp. in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris and its functional expression using site-directed mutagenesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Liebeton K, Eck J. Identification and Expression inE. coli of Novel Nitrile Hydratases from the Metagenome. Eng Life Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200402156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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42
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Reisinger C, Osprian I, Glieder A, Schoemaker HE, Griengl H, Schwab H. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cyanohydrins with recombinant nitrile hydratase and amidase from hodococcus erythropolis. Biotechnol Lett 2004; 26:1675-80. [PMID: 15604819 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-004-3521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile hydratase and amidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis CIMB11540 were both cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Crude cell free extracts were used for the hydrolysis of different aromatic cyanohydrins. Nitrile hydratase expression was increased up to 5-fold by redesign of the expression cassette. The recombinant enzymes were successfully used for the conversion of several cyanohydrins to the corresponding alpha-hydroxy amides and acids while retaining enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Reisinger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, Graz, 8010, Austria
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Hourai S, Miki M, Takashima Y, Mitsuda S, Yanagi K. Crystal structure of nitrile hydratase from a thermophilic Bacillus smithii. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 312:340-5. [PMID: 14637142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the nitrile hydratase (NHase) from Bacillus smithii SC-J05-1 was determined. Our analysis of the structure shows that some residues that seem to be responsible for substrate recognition are different from those of other NHases. In particular, the Phe52 in the beta subunit of NHase from B. smithii covers the metal center partially like a small lid and narrows the active site cleft. It is well known that the NHase from B. smithii especially prefers aliphatic nitriles for its substrate rather than aromatic ones, and we can now infer that the Phe52 residue may play a key role in the substrate specificity for this enzyme. This finding leads us to suggest that substitution of these residues may alter the substrate specificity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hourai
- Sumitomo Chemical Co, Ltd. Environmental Health Science Laboratory, 3-1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohanaku, Osaka 554-8558, Japan.
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Cowan DA, Cameron RA, Tsekoa TL. Comparative biology of mesophilic and thermophilic nitrile hydratases. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2003; 52:123-58. [PMID: 12964242 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(03)01005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Don A Cowan
- Advanced Research Centre for Applied Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
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Novo C, Tata R, Clemente A, Brown PR. Burkholderia genome analysis reveals new enzymes belonging to the nitrilase superfamily. Int J Biol Macromol 2003; 33:175-82. [PMID: 14607362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2003.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia (formerly Pseudomonas cepacia) grows in media containing acetamide or propionamide as C and N sources. Chromosomal DNA from a hospital isolate of B. cepacia served as a template in PCRs using primers designed for the amplification of the P. aeruginosa amiE gene that encodes an aliphatic amidase. Partial sequencing of the PCR products gave a translated sequence 100% identical with the amino acid sequence of P. aeruginosa amidase. A search of Burkholderia genomes detected a putative amidase in B. cepacia J2315 with high identity to the P. aeruginosa amidase and predicted that other Burkholderia species also possessed CN_hydrolases that use the same catalytic triad (Glu-Lys-Cys) as amidase. Superimposition of theoretical three-dimensional models suggested that differences in the amino acid sequences between amidases from B. cepacia (hospital isolate) and B. cepacia J2315 do not affect their three-dimensional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Novo
- INETI/DB/UTPAM, Edifi;cio F, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Stevens JM, Belghazi M, Jaouen M, Bonnet D, Schmitter JM, Mansuy D, Sari MA, Artaud I. Post-translational modification of Rhodococcus R312 and Comamonas NI1 nitrile hydratases. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:955-961. [PMID: 14505323 DOI: 10.1002/jms.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitrile hydratases (NHases) are industrially significant iron- and cobalt-containing enzymes used in the large-scale synthesis of acrylamide. Previous reports have shown that the active site peptides of NHases are post-translationally modified by oxidation of cysteine residues, and that these modifications are essential for catalysis. We report mass spectrometric evidence of the oxidation states of the active site cysteines in the iron coordination spheres of two iron-containing nitrile hydratases, namely R312 NHase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous strain R312 and NI1 NHase from Comamonas testosteroni. At least one of these cysteines is oxidised to a sulfinic acid (SO(2)H) and there is also evidence suggesting an additional oxidation to a sulfenic acid (SOH). This is the first evidence for the presence of these oxidation states for full-length NHases and for Fe-NHases from different microorganisms. The presence of these covalent modifications was confirmed by performing mass spectrometry on the active site peptide of R312 NHase, under native, reduced and carboxymethylated conditions. We also show the nitrosylation of the iron by mass spectrometry, as well as the release of NO by photoirradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Stevens
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (UMR 8601 CNRS), Université René Descartes Paris V, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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47
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Stevens JM, Rao Saroja N, Jaouen M, Belghazi M, Schmitter JM, Mansuy D, Artaud I, Sari MA. Chaperone-assisted expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant nitrile hydratase NI1 from Comamonas testosteroni. Protein Expr Purif 2003; 29:70-6. [PMID: 12729727 DOI: 10.1016/s1046-5928(03)00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile hydratases (NHases) are industrially important iron- and cobalt-containing enzymes that are used in the large-scale synthesis of acrylamide. Heterologous expression of NHases has been complicated by the fact that other proteins (activators or metallochaperones) appear to be required to produce NHases in their catalytically active form. We report a novel heterologous system for the expression of catalytically active iron-containing NI1 NHase in Escherichia coli, involving coexpression with the E. coli GroES and GroEL chaperones. The purified recombinant enzyme was found to be highly similar to the enzyme purified from Comamonas testosteroni according to its spectroscopic features, catalytic properties with various substrates, and post-translational modifications. In addition, we report a rapid and convenient spectrophotometric method to monitor the activity of NI1 NHase during purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Stevens
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (UMR 8601 CNRS), Université Paris V, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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48
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Precigou S, Goulas P, Duran R. Rapid and specific identification of nitrile hydratase (NHase)-encoding genes in soil samples by polymerase chain reaction. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 204:155-61. [PMID: 11682195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed for the specific detection of genes coding nitrile hydratase (NHase). Primer design was based on the highly conserved sequences found in the coding region of the alpha-subunit gene corresponding to the metal-binding site. Purified genomic DNA from bacterial strains or directly from soil can serve as the target for the PCR, thus affording a simple and rapid method for screening NHase genes. The primer pairs, NHCo1/NHCo2 and NHFe1/NHFe2 yield PCR products corresponding to a partial coding sequence of cobalt and iron NHase genes, respectively. Using the PCR method, both types of iron- and cobalt-NHase-encoding genes were detected in DNA from pure cultures and soil samples. Furthermore consensus primers allowed rapid cloning and expression of novel NHases in Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Precigou
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Moleculaire, IBEAS Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, avenue de l'Université, UFR Sciences et Techniques, P.O. Box 1155, F-64013 Pau Cedex, France
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Fournand D, Arnaud A. Aliphatic and enantioselective amidases: from hydrolysis to acyl transfer activity. J Appl Microbiol 2001; 91:381-93. [PMID: 11556902 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Fournand
- GER de Chimie Biologique, Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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