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Zhang Q, Xiong Z, Sun L, Tian X, Tian G, Yang Y, Li X, Wang Y, Chu J. Effect of biosurfactant sophorolipids on Rhizomucor miehei lipase fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:84. [PMID: 38650294 PMCID: PMC10991578 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of biosurfactant sophorolipids (SLs) on Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) fermentation by Aspergillus oryzae was investigated. With the exogenous addition of 0.3% (w/v) SLs in the initial medium, the RML activity reached 430.0 U/mL, an increase of 25.0% compared to the control group. Subsequently, the physiological metabolic responses of A. oryzae to the addition of SLs were further explored. The results showed that though SLs had almost no effect on the RML secretion, it would affect the morphology of the cells. During the late phase of the fermentation, the proportion of middle pellets, which was generally considered as an energetic and stable state for enzyme production was increased with the addition of SLs. Simultaneously, the viscosity of fermentation broth was reduced, which facilitated the increase of oxygen transfer, thereby improving the RML production. Finally, it could be found that the addition of SLs significantly increased the contents of precursor amino acids, especially for those rank first and second of the RML composition, and it could promote the synthesis of RML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. box 329, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. box 329, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. box 329, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. box 329, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiwei Tian
- Wilmar Biotechnology R&D Center Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Yiming Yang
- Wilmar Biotechnology R&D Center Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. box 329, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. box 329, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, P.O. box 329, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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Yu H, Byun Y, Chang PS. Lipase-catalyzed two-step esterification for solvent-free production of mixed lauric acid esters with antibacterial and antioxidative activities. Food Chem 2021; 366:130650. [PMID: 34330030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mixed lauric acid esters (MLE) with antibacterial and antioxidative activities were produced through lipase-catalyzed two-step esterification in solvent-free system without purification. In the first reaction, erythorbyl laurate was synthesized for 72 h. Successive reaction for 6 h at molar ratio of 1.0 (lauric acid to glycerol) produced MLE containing erythorbyl laurate and glyceryl laurate with small amounts of residual substrates, by converting 99.52% of lauric acid. MLE addition (0.5-2.0%, w/w) to Tween 20-stabilized emulsions decreased droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta-potential, possibly enhancing the emulsion stability. In the emulsions, MLE at 0.5 and 2.0% (w/w) caused 4.4-4.6 and 5.9-6.1 log reductions of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), respectively, within 12 h. Lipid hydroperoxide concentrations decreased to 50.8-98.3% in the presence of 0.5-2.0% (w/w) MLE. These findings support a novel approach without needing purification to produce multi-functional food additives for emulsion foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjong Yu
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerim Byun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Agricultural Microorganism and Enzyme, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Feng S, Xiang S, Bian X, Li G. Quantitative analysis of total acidity in aqueous lactic acid solutions by direct potentiometric titration. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aljawish A, Heuson E, Bigan M, Froidevaux R. Lipase catalyzed esterification of formic acid in solvent and solvent-free systems. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Muniandy M, Lasekan O, Ghazali HM, Rahman MBA. LIPASE - CATALYZED FORMATION OF PENTYL NONANOATE USING SCREENED IMMOBILIZED LIPASE FROM Rhizomucor meihei. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190363s20180419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Magadum DB, Yadav GD. Design of tandem catalyst by co-immobilization of metal and enzyme on mesoporous foam for cascaded synthesis of (R)-phenyl ethyl acetate. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Pérez B, Dahlgaard S, Bulsara P, Rawlings A, Jensen M, Dong M, Glasius M, Clarke M, Guo Z. Synthesis and characterization of O-acylated-ω-hydroxy fatty acids as skin-protecting barrier lipids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 490:137-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Qi D, Wei W, Diao M, Lv F, Lu Z, Bie X, Zhao H. Enzymatic synthesis and antitumor evaluation of mono- and diesters of 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1247821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danping Qi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mingming Diao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fengxia Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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Antonopoulou I, Varriale S, Topakas E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Faraco V. Enzymatic synthesis of bioactive compounds with high potential for cosmeceutical application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6519-6543. [PMID: 27276911 PMCID: PMC4939304 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products containing biologically active ingredients purporting to offer a pharmaceutical therapeutic benefit. The active ingredients can be extracted and purified from natural sources (botanicals, herbal extracts, or animals) but can also be obtained biotechnologically by fermentation and cell cultures or by enzymatic synthesis and modification of natural compounds. A cosmeceutical ingredient should possess an attractive property such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin whitening, anti-aging, anti-wrinkling, or photoprotective activity, among others. During the past years, there has been an increased interest on the enzymatic synthesis of bioactive esters and glycosides based on (trans)esterification, (trans)glycosylation, or oxidation reactions. Natural bioactive compounds with exceptional theurapeutic properties and low toxicity may offer a new insight into the design and development of potent and beneficial cosmetics. This review gives an overview of the enzymatic modifications which are performed currently for the synthesis of products with attractive properties for the cosmeceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io Antonopoulou
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Simona Varriale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15700, Athens, Greece
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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Mohamad NR, Buang NA, Mahat NA, Lok YY, Huyop F, Aboul-Enein HY, Abdul Wahab R. A facile enzymatic synthesis of geranyl propionate by physically adsorbed Candida rugosa lipase onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 72:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Richard G, Nott K, Nicks F, Paquot M, Blecker C, Fauconnier ML. Use of lipases for the kinetic resolution of lactic acid esters in heptane or in a solvent free system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Galonde N, Brostaux Y, Richard G, Nott K, Jerôme C, Fauconnier ML. Use of response surface methodology for the optimization of the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of mannosyl myristate in pure ionic liquid. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Ghaffar A, Schoenmakers PJ, van der Wal S. Methods for the Chemical Analysis of Degradable Synthetic Polymeric Biomaterials. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013; 44:23-40. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.831729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Foley P, Kermanshahi pour A, Beach ES, Zimmerman JB. Derivation and synthesis of renewable surfactants. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:1499-518. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15217c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Neta NS, Peres AM, Teixeira JA, Rodrigues LR. Maximization of fructose esters synthesis by response surface methodology. N Biotechnol 2011; 28:349-55. [PMID: 21356336 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of fructose fatty acid ester was performed in organic solvent media, using a purified lipase from Candida antartica B immobilized in acrylic resin. Response surface methodology with a central composite rotatable design based on five levels was implemented to optimize three experimental operating conditions (temperature, agitation and reaction time). A statistical significant cubic model was established. Temperature and reaction time were found to be the most significant parameters. The optimum operational conditions for maximizing the synthesis of fructose esters were 57.1°C, 100 rpm and 37.8 h. The model was validated in the identified optimal conditions to check its adequacy and accuracy, and an experimental esterification percentage of 88.4% (±0.3%) was obtained. These results showed that an improvement of the enzymatic synthesis of fructose esters was obtained under the optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair Sampaio Neta
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Inkinen S, Hakkarainen M, Albertsson AC, Södergård A. From Lactic Acid to Poly(lactic acid) (PLA): Characterization and Analysis of PLA and Its Precursors. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:523-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101302t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 495] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saara Inkinen
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Center for Functional Materials (FUNMAT), Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20100 Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Albertsson
- The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Södergård
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Center for Functional Materials (FUNMAT), Åbo Akademi University, Piispankatu 8, 20100 Turku, Finland
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17
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Liaquat M. Optimized synthesis of (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl caproate using germinated rapeseed lipase in organic solvent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Hydrolases Part I: Enzyme Mechanism, Selectivity and Control in the Synthesis of Well-Defined Polymers. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2010_86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
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19
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Kim SC, Nam DH, Kim YH, Song BK. Enzymatic acrylation of 2-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone to synthesize the gamma butyrolactone methacrylate (GBLMA) for photoresist. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-0190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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l(+)-Lactic acid production by co-fermentation of glucose and xylose with Rhizopus oryzae obtained by low-energy ion beam irradiation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36:1363-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Stabilization of enzyme activity during the esterification of lactic acid in hydrophobic ethers and ketones as reaction media that are miscible with lactic acid despite their high hydrophobicity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Mohamad S, Yunus WMZW, Haron MJ, Rahman MZA. Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Hydrazides from Palm Oils. J Oleo Sci 2008; 57:263-267. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.57.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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23
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Optimization of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sorbitan acrylate using response surface methodology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 137-140:595-609. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-9082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Low CT, Mohamad R, Tan CP, Long K, Ismail R, Lo SK, Lai OM. Lipase-catalyzed production of medium-chain triacylglycerols from palm kernel oil distillate: Optimization using response surface methodology. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200600201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Response surface methodological approach for optimization of enzymatic synthesis of sorbitan methacrylate. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Jeong GT, Byun KY, Lee WT, Ryu HW, Sunwoo C, Kim HS, Park DH. Enzymatic synthesis of sorbitan methacrylate: Comparison of methacrylic acid and vinyl methacrylate. Biochem Eng J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2005.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Park DW, Haam S, Ahn IS, Lee TG, Kim HS, Kim WS. Enzymatic esterification of β-methylglucoside with acrylic/methacrylic acid in organic solvents. J Biotechnol 2004; 107:151-60. [PMID: 14711498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2003.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic esterifications of beta-methylglucoside with acrylic acid/methacrylic acid were carried out using Novozym 435. t-Butanol indicating the highest conversion value was determined as an optimal solvent. The molar ratio (beta-methylglucoside:acids) of 1:15 was most favorable to the esterification. The enzyme concentration of 5% (w/v), and the temperature (50 degrees C for beta-methylglucoside:acrylic acid, 45 degrees C for beta-methylglucoside:methacrylic acid) resulted in the highest final conversion. Beta-methylglucoside of 60gl(-1) was found to be most effective in terms of short reaction time as well as product concentrations. Under these conditions, the maximum conversions for the esterification of beta-methylglucoside with acrylic acid and beta-methylglucoside with methacrylic acid were 59.3% after 12h and 71.3% after 72h, respectively. The structural analysis of the products was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy and (1)H NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Won Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Soo EL, Salleh AB, Basri M, Zaliha Raja Abdul Rahman RN, Kamaruddin K. Optimization of the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of amino acid-based surfactants from palm oil fractions. J Biosci Bioeng 2003; 95:361-7. [PMID: 16233420 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(03)80068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2002] [Accepted: 12/06/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of using palm oil fractions as cheap and abundant sources of raw material for the synthesis of amino acid surfactants was investigated. Of a number of enzymes screened, the best results were obtained with the immobilized enzyme, Lipozyme. The effects of temperature, solvent, incubation period, fatty substrate/amino acid molar ratio, enzyme amount, and water removal on the reactions were analyzed and compared to those on reactions with free fatty acids and pure triglycerides as fatty substrates. All reactions were most efficient when carried out at high temperatures (70-80 degrees C) in hexane as a solvent. However, while reactions with free fatty acids proceeded better when a slight excess of the free fatty acids over the amino acids was used, reactions with triglycerides and palm oil fractions were best performed at equimolar ratios. Also, the addition of molecular sieves slightly enhanced reactions with free fatty acids but adversely affected reactions with triglycerides and palm oil fractions. Although reactions with palm oil fractions took longer (6 d) to reach equilibrium compared to reactions with free fatty acids (4 d) and pure triglycerides (4 d), better yields were obtained. Such lipase-catalyzed transacylation of palm oil fractions with amino acids is potentially useful in the production of mixed medium- to long-chain surfactants for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Lin Soo
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research, Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wei DZ, Zou P, Tu MB, Zheng H. Enzymatic synthesis of ethyl glucoside lactate in non-aqueous system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(02)00106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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