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Wang SL, Nguyen VB, Doan CT, Tran TN, Nguyen MT, Nguyen AD. Production and Potential Applications of Bioconversion of Chitin and Protein-Containing Fishery Byproducts into Prodigiosin: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E2744. [PMID: 32545769 PMCID: PMC7356639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The technology of microbial conversion provides a potential way to exploit compounds of biotechnological potential. The red pigment prodigiosin (PG) and other PG-like pigments from bacteria, majorly from Serratia marcescens, have been reported as bioactive secondary metabolites that can be used in the broad fields of agriculture, fine chemicals, and pharmacy. Increasing PG productivity by investigating the culture conditions especially the inexpensive carbon and nitrogen (C/N) sources has become an important factor for large-scale production. Investigations into the bioactivities and applications of PG and its related compounds have also been given increased attention. To save production cost, chitin and protein-containing fishery byproducts have recently been investigated as the sole C/N source for the production of PG and chitinolytic/proteolytic enzymes. This strategy provides an environmentally-friendly selection using inexpensive C/N sources to produce a high yield of PG together with chitinolytic and proteolytic enzymes by S. marcescens. The review article will provide effective references for production, bioactivity, and application of S. marcescens PG in various fields such as biocontrol agents and potential pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Minh Trung Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
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Anderson LA, Islam MA, Prather KLJ. Synthetic biology strategies for improving microbial synthesis of "green" biopolymers. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5053-5061. [PMID: 29339554 PMCID: PMC5892568 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm117.000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based biopolymers have many material properties relevant to industrial and medical uses, including as drug delivery agents, wound-healing adhesives, and food additives and stabilizers. Traditionally, polysaccharides are obtained from natural sources. Microbial synthesis offers an attractive alternative for sustainable production of tailored biopolymers. Here, we review synthetic biology strategies for select "green" biopolymers: cellulose, alginate, chitin, chitosan, and hyaluronan. Microbial production pathways, opportunities for pathway yield improvements, and advances in microbial engineering of biopolymers in various hosts are discussed. Taken together, microbial engineering has expanded the repertoire of green biological chemistry by increasing the diversity of biobased materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Anderson
- From the Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Integrative Synthetic Biology (CISB), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - M Ahsanul Islam
- From the Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Integrative Synthetic Biology (CISB), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Kristala L J Prather
- From the Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Integrative Synthetic Biology (CISB), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Monascus: a Reality on the Production and Application of Microbial Pigments. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 178:211-23. [PMID: 26472672 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1880-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Monascus species can produce yellow, orange, and red pigments, depending on the employed cultivation conditions. They are classified as natural pigments and can be applied for coloration of meat, fishes, cheese, beer, and pates, besides their use in inks for printer and dyes for textile, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. These natural pigments also present antimicrobial activity on pathogenic microorganisms and other beneficial effects to the health as antioxidant and anticholesterol activities. Depending on the substrates, the operational conditions (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen), and fermentation mode (state solid fermentation or submerged fermentation), the production can be directed for one specific color dye. This review has a main objective to present an approach of Monascus pigments as a reality to obtaining and application of natural pigments by microorganisms, as to highlight properties that makes this pigment as promising for worldwide industrial applications.
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Wang SL, Liang TW. Microbial reclamation of squid pens and shrimp shells. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kim HJ, Choi HS, Yang SY, Kim IS, Yamaguchi T, Sohng JK, Park SK, Kim JC, Lee CH, Gardener BM, Kim YC. Both extracellular chitinase and a new cyclic lipopeptide, chromobactomycin, contribute to the biocontrol activity of Chromobacterium sp. C61. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2014; 15:122-132. [PMID: 24033929 PMCID: PMC6638690 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chromobacterium sp. strain C61 displays antifungal activities in vitro and has been used successfully for the biocontrol of plant diseases under field conditions. In this study, the roles of extracellular chitinase and an antifungal compound produced by strain C61 were investigated to elucidate their contributions to biological control activity. The bacterium possessed a locus chi54 encoding an extracellular chitinase, and mutation of chi54 eliminated chitinase production. Production of the extracellular enzyme and expression of the chi54 transcript were increased in the wild-type strain when chitin was added to the culture medium. In vitro assays showed that purified chitinase inhibited spore germination of multiple pathogens. However, the in planta biocontrol activity of filtrates of cultures grown in the presence of chitin was lower than that of filtrates grown without chitin, indicating that correlation between chitinase and biocontrol activity was lacking. The analysis of C61 culture filtrates revealed an antifungal cyclic lipopeptide, chromobactomycin, whose structure contained a unique nonameric peptide ring. The purified chromobactomycin inhibited the growth of several phytopathogenic fungi in vitro, and plant application significantly reduced disease severity for several pathogens. Furthermore, the production of chromobactomycin was reduced in cultures amended with chitin. These data suggest that the production of both the extracellular chitinase Chi54 and the newly identified antibiotic chromobactomycin can contribute, in an interconnected way, to the suppression of plant disease by Chromobacterium sp. strain C61.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, South Korea
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Mowlick S, Inoue T, Takehara T, Kaku N, Ueki K, Ueki A. Changes and recovery of soil bacterial communities influenced by biological soil disinfestation as compared with chloropicrin-treatment. AMB Express 2013; 3:46. [PMID: 23958081 PMCID: PMC3751922 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-3-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil bacterial composition, as influenced by biological soil disinfestation (BSD) associated with biomass incorporation was investigated to observe the effects of the treatment on the changes and recovery of the microbial community in a commercial greenhouse setting. Chloropicrin (CP) was also used for soil disinfestation to compare with the effects of BSD. The fusarium wilt disease incidence of spinach cultivated in the BSD- and CP-treated plots was reduced as compared with that in the untreated control plots, showing effectiveness of both methods to suppress the disease. The clone library analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that members of the Firmicutes became dominant in the soil bacterial community after the BSD-treatment. Clone groups related to the species in the class Clostridia, such as Clostridium saccharobutylicum, Clostridium tetanomorphum, Clostridium cylindrosporum, Oxobacter pfennigii, etc., as well as Bacillus niacini in the class Bacilli were recognized as the most dominant members in the community. For the CP-treated soil, clones affiliated with the Bacilli related to acid-tolerant or thermophilic bacteria such as Tuberibacillus calidus, Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus, Pullulanibacillus naganoensis, Alicyclobacillus pomorum, etc. were detected as the major groups. The clone library analysis for the soil samples collected after spinach cultivation revealed that most of bacterial groups present in the original soil belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, TM7, etc. were recovered in the BSD-treated soil. For the CP-treated soil, the recovery of the bacterial groups belonging to the above phyla was also noted, but some major clone groups recognized in the original soil did not recover fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Mowlick
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555,Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Yamaguchi Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture and Forestry, 753-0214, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Takehara
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, 721-8514, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kaku
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555,Yamagata, Japan
| | - Katsuji Ueki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555,Yamagata, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ueki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka 997-8555,Yamagata, Japan
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Lopes FC, Tichota DM, Sauter IP, Meira SMM, Segalin J, Rott MB, Rios AO, Brandelli A. Active metabolites produced by Penicillium chrysogenum IFL1 growing on agro-industrial residues. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Physicochemical properties and biological activities of ovine caseinate hydrolysates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-012-0068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bioconversion of chitin-containing wastes for the production of enzymes and bioactive materials. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Meanwell RJL, Shama G. Production of streptomycin from chitin using Streptomyces griseus in bioreactors of different configuration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:5634-5639. [PMID: 18054224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces griseus was cultured in three different bioreactors in a medium containing chitin flakes. When a conventional bioreactor stirred by two sets of Rushton impellers and operated at high speed was used, the yield of streptomycin (3.1mg/l) was the highest observed and occurred at approximately 500 h. Cultivation of S. griseus in a bioreactor stirred at low speed by a U-shaped paddle resulted in a lower yield of streptomycin (1.8 mg/l) but this was achieved in a shorter period of time (400 h). Increasing the concentration of chitin from 5% to 10% w/v had no significant effect on either of these two parameters. The use of a novel vertical basket bioreactor in which the chitin flakes were contained within a wire mesh basket and were gently fluidised by air, enabled comparatively high yields of streptomycin (2.8 mg/l) in the relatively short time of 300 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J L Meanwell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leics LE11 3TU, UK
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Verma M, Brar SK, Tyagi R, Sahai V, Prévost D, Valéro J, Surampalli R. Bench-scale fermentation of Trichoderma viride on wastewater sludge: Rheology, lytic enzymes and biocontrol activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang SL, Lin TY, Yen YH, Liao HF, Chen YJ. Bioconversion of shellfish chitin wastes for the production of Bacillus subtilis W-118 chitinase. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:2507-15. [PMID: 16920090 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis W-118, a strain that produces antifungal materials, excreted a chitinase when cultured in a medium containing shrimp- and crab-shell powder as the major carbon source. This chitinase, purified by sequential chromatography, had a molecular mass of 20,600 Da and a pI of 6. The optimum pH, optimum temperature, and pH stability of the chitinase were pH 6, 37 degrees C, and pH 5-7, respectively. The unique characteristics of the purified chitinase include low molecular mass and acidic pI. In the investigation of the inhibitory activity, it was found that the growth of Fusarium oxysporum was 100% inhibited after incubation for 1 day with sterilized W-118 chitinase solution (5.6 units/mL). The chitinase hydrolyzates of chitin with low degrees of polymerization (DP 1-6) were analyzed by HPLC. Longer reaction times led to the generation of chitin oligosaccharides with lower DP. The chitin oligosaccharides were examined for their inhibitory effects on F. oxysporum and human leukemia cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Lang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, Tamkang University, Tamsui 251, Taiwan.
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Verma M, Brar SK, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY, Valéro JR. Dissolved oxygen as principal parameter for conidia production of biocontrol fungi Trichoderma viride in non-Newtonian wastewater. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 33:941-52. [PMID: 16909264 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-006-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 07/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was selected as a principal parameter for translating results of shake flask fermentation of Trichoderma viride (biocontrol fungi) to a fermenter scale. All fermentations were carried out in a 7.5 l automated fermenter with a working volume of 4 l. Fermentation performance parameters such as volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (k (L) a), oxygen uptake rate (OUR), rheology, conidia concentration, glucose consumption, soluble chemical oxygen demand, entomotoxicity and inhibition index were measured. The conidia concentration, entomotoxicity and inhibition index were either stable or improved at lower DO concentration (30%). Variation of OUR aided in assessing the oxygen supply capacity of the fermenter and biomass growth. Meanwhile, rheological profiles demonstrated the variability of wastewater during fermentation due to mycelial growth and conidiation. In order to estimate power consumption, the agitation and the aeration requirements were quantified in terms of area under the curves, agitation vs. time (rpm h), and aeration vs. time (lpm h). This simple and novel strategy of fermenter operation proved to be highly successful which can be adopted to other biocontrol fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verma
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, de la Couronne, Quebéc, Canada G1K 9A9
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Dahiya N, Tewari R, Hoondal GS. Biotechnological aspects of chitinolytic enzymes: a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 71:773-82. [PMID: 16249876 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2005] [Revised: 09/04/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chitin and chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) have an immense potential. Chitinolytic enzymes have wide-ranging applications such as preparation of pharmaceutically important chitooligosaccharides and N-acetyl D-glucosamine, preparation of single-cell protein, isolation of protoplasts from fungi and yeast, control of pathogenic fungi, treatment of chitinous waste, and control of malaria transmission. In this review, we discuss the occurrence and structure of chitin, the types and sources of chitinases, their mode of action, chitinase production, as well as molecular cloning and protein engineering of chitinases and their biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Dahiya
- Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Ashaf Ali Marg, J.N.U. Campus, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Yen YH, Li PL, Wang CL, Wang SL. An antifungal protease produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa M-1001 with shrimp and crab shell powder as a carbon source. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Meanwell RJ, Shama G. Chitin in a dual role as substrate for Streptomyces griseus and as adsorbent for streptomycin produced during fermentation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Liang TW, Lin JJ, Yen YH, Wang CL, Wang SL. Purification and characterization of a protease extracellularly produced by Monascus purpureus CCRC31499 in a shrimp and crab shell powder medium. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dahiya N, Tewari R, Tiwari RP, Hoondal GS. Production of an Antifungal Chitinase from Enterobacter sp. NRG4 and its Application in Protoplast Production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-005-8343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dahiya N, Tewari R, Tiwari RP, Hoondal GS. Chitinase production in solid-state fermentation by Enterobacter sp. NRG4 using statistical experimental design. Curr Microbiol 2005; 51:222-8. [PMID: 16132459 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-4520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2004] [Accepted: 02/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The optimization of nutrient levels for chitinase production by Enterobacter sp. NRG4 in solid-state fermentation conditions (SSF) was carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The design was employed by selecting wheat bran-to-flake chitin ratio, moisture level, inoculum size, and incubation time as model factors. The results of first-order factorial design experiments showed that all four independent variables have significant effects on chitinase production. The optimum concentrations for chitinase production were wheat bran-to-flake chitin ratio, 1; moisture level, 80%; inoculum size, 2.6 mL; and incubation time, 168 h. Using this statistical optimization method, chitinase production was found to increase from 616 U . g(-1) dry weight of solid substrate to 1475 U . g(-1) dry weight of solid substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Dahiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Wang SL, Yen YH, Tzeng GC, Hsieh C. Production of antifungal materials by bioconversion of shellfish chitin wastes fermented by Pseudomonas fluorescens K-188. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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