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Wu H, Zeng W, Wu L, Lu S, Peng Y. Mechanisms of endogenous and exogenous partial denitrification in response to different carbon/nitrogen ratios: Transcript levels, nitrous oxide production, electron transport. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130558. [PMID: 38460557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Nitrite as an important substrate for Anammox can be provided by partial denitrification (PD). In this study, endogenous partial denitrification (EdPD) and exogenous partial denitrification (ExPD) sludge were domesticated and their nitrite transformation rate reached 74.4% and 83.4%, respectively. The impact of four carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios (1.5, 3.0, 5.0 and 6.0) on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and denitrification functional genes expression in both PD systems were investigated. Results showed that elevated C/N ratios enhanced most denitrification genes expression, but in EdPD, high nitrite levels suppressed nosZ genes expression (from 9.4% to 1.4%), leading to increased N2O emission (0 to 3.4%). EdPD also exhibited lower electron transfer system activity, resulting in slower nitrogen oxide conversion efficiency and more stable nitrite accumulation compared to ExPD. These findings offer insights for optimizing PD systems under varying water quality conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongan Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Lei Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Vlasatikova L, Zeman M, Crhanova M, Matiasovicova J, Karasova D, Faldynova M, Prikrylova H, Sebkova A, Rychlik I. Colonization of chickens with competitive exclusion products results in extensive differences in metabolite composition in cecal digesta. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103217. [PMID: 37980752 PMCID: PMC10684392 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of competitive exclusion is well established in poultry and different products are used to suppress the multiplication of enteric pathogens in the chicken intestinal tract. While the effect has been repeatedly confirmed, the specific principles of competitive exclusion are less clear. The aim of the study was to compare metabolites in the cecal digesta of differently colonized chickens. Metabolites in the cecal contents of chickens treated with a commercial competitive exclusion product or with an experimental product consisting of 23 gut anaerobes or in control untreated chickens were determined by mass spectrometry. Extensive differences in metabolite composition among the digesta of all 3 groups of chickens were recorded. Out of 1,706 detected compounds, 495 and 279 were differently abundant in the chicks treated with a commercial or experimental competitive exclusion product in comparison to the control group, respectively. Soyasaponins, betaine, carnitine, glutamate, tyramine, phenylacetaldehyde, or 3-methyladenine were more abundant in the digesta of control chicks while 4-oxododecanedioic acid, nucleotides, dipeptides, amino acids (except for glutamate), and vitamins were enriched in the digesta of chickens colonized by competitive exclusion products. Metabolites enriched in the digesta of control chicks can be classified as of plant feed origin released in the digesta by degradative activities of the chicken. Some of these molecules disappeared from the digesta of chicks colonized by complex microbiota due to them being metabolized. Instead, nucleotides, amino acids, and vitamins increased in the digesta of colonized chicks as a consequence of the additional digestive potential brought to the cecum by microbiota from competitive exclusion products. It is therefore possible to affect metabolite profiles in the chicken cecum by its colonization with selected bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Zeman
- Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alena Sebkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Singh G, Patel AK, Gupta A, Gupta D, Mishra VK. Current Advancements in Recombinant Technology for Industrial Production of Cellulases: Part-II. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14726-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Shiffman ME, Soo RM, Dennis PG, Morrison M, Tyson GW, Hugenholtz P. Gene and genome-centric analyses of koala and wombat fecal microbiomes point to metabolic specialization for Eucalyptus digestion. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4075. [PMID: 29177117 PMCID: PMC5697889 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The koala has evolved to become a specialist Eucalyptus herbivore since diverging from its closest relative, the wombat, a generalist herbivore. This niche adaptation involves, in part, changes in the gut microbiota. The goal of this study was to compare koala and wombat fecal microbiomes using metagenomics to identify potential differences attributable to dietary specialization. Several populations discriminated between the koala and wombat fecal communities, most notably S24-7 and Synergistaceae in the koala, and Christensenellaceae and RF39 in the wombat. As expected for herbivores, both communities contained the genes necessary for lignocellulose degradation and urea recycling partitioned and redundantly encoded across multiple populations. Secondary metabolism was overrepresented in the koala fecal samples, consistent with the need to process Eucalyptus secondary metabolites. The Synergistaceae population encodes multiple pathways potentially relevant to Eucalyptus compound metabolism, and is predicted to be a key player in detoxification of the koala's diet. Notably, characterized microbial isolates from the koala gut appear to be minor constituents of this habitat, and the metagenomes provide the opportunity for genome-directed isolation of more representative populations. Metagenomic analysis of other obligate and facultative Eucalyptus folivores will reveal whether putatively detoxifying bacteria identified in the koala are shared across these marsupials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E. Shiffman
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rochelle M. Soo
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paul G. Dennis
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Morrison
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gene W. Tyson
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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5
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Liu Q, Liu H, Chen C, Wang J, Han Y, Long Z. Effects of element complexes containing Fe, Zn and Mn on artificial morel's biological characteristics and soil bacterial community structures. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174618. [PMID: 28350840 PMCID: PMC5370159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study described the effects of elements (including Fe, Zn, Mn and their complexes) on the following factors in artificial morel cultivation: the characteristics of mycelia and sclerotia, soil bacterial community structures, yields and contents of microelements. The results indicated that the groups containing Mn significantly promoted mycelia growth rates, and all the experimental groups resulted in higher yields than the control (P<0.01), although their mycelia and sclerotia did not show obvious differences. It was also found that Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae were the dominated bacterial phyla. The Zn·Fe group had an unexpectedly high proportion (75.49%) of Proteobacteria during the primordial differentiation stage, while Pseudomonas also occupied a high proportion (5.52%) in this group. These results suggested that different trace elements clearly affected morel yields and soil bacterial community structures, particularly due to the high proportions of Pseudomonas during the primordial differentiation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Huimei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ciqiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- Sichuan Tongfeng Science & Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yu Han
- Sichuan Tongfeng Science & Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhangfu Long
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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6
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Characterization of the Microbial Communities in Rumen Fluid Inoculated Reactors for the Biogas Digestion of Wheat Straw. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhao X, He X, Xi B, Gao R, Tan W, Zhang H, Li D. The evolution of water extractable organic matter and its association with microbial community dynamics during municipal solid waste composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 56:79-87. [PMID: 27425858 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The humification of water extractable organic matter (WEOM) by microorganisms is widely used for assessing compost maturity and quality. However, the effect of bacterial and fungal community dynamics on humification of WEOM was not yet explored fully. Here, we used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) to investigate the link between bacterial and fungal community dynamics and humification process of WEOM, respectively. Results showed that water-soluble carbon (WSC), humification degree, molecule weight and abundance of aromatic carbon were significantly related to bacterial community (p<0.05), while the protein-like materials were statistically influenced by fungal community (p<0.05). Both bacterial and fungal communities significantly affected the abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups and humic-like materials (p<0.05). These humification parameters were most likely to be influenced by some of bacterial and fungal species at different composting stages. Lactobacillus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Galactomyces geotrichum can enhance the degradation of WSC and protein-like materials at the early composting. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes could promote the increase of aromatic carbon, oxygen-containing functional groups, humification degree and molecular weight of WEOM during the initial fermentation stage. Cladosporium herbarum and Chaetomium globosum could be the dominant controllers at the second fermentation for acceleratingthe formation of oxygen-containing functional groups and humic-like materials of WEOM, respectively. Our results suggested that regulation for the dynamics of these special bacterial and fungal species at different composting stages might be a potential way to accelerate humification of municipal solid waste composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China.
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China
| | - Rutai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Base of Groundwater & Environmental System Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Beijing, China
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Goyari S, Devi SS, Kalita MC, Talukdar NC. Population, diversity and characteristics of cellulolytic microorganisms from the Indo-Burma Biodiversity hotspot. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:700. [PMID: 26034690 PMCID: PMC4447715 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Forest ecosystem harbour a large number of biotic components where cellulolytic microorganisms participate actively in the biotransformation of dead and decaying organic matter and soil nutrient cycling. This study explores the aerobic culturable cellulolytic microorganisms in the forest soils of North East India. Soil samples rich in dead and decaying organic matter were collected from eight conserved forests during the season when microbes were found to be most active. Cellulolytic microorganisms were isolated using selective media in which cellulose was the sole carbon source. Population of culturable, aerobic, cellulolytic microorganisms were found to be higher at the incubation temperature that corresponds to the natural ambient temperature of the site of sample collection. Bacterial population was higher in all of the sites than fungal population. Bacterial population ranged from 1.91 × 10(5) to 3.35 × 10(6) CFU g(-1) dry soil while actinomycetes and fungal population ranged from 9.13 × 10(2) to 3.46 × 10(4) CFU g(-1) dry soil and 9.36 × 10(2) to 4.31 × 10(4) CFU g(-1) dry soil, respectively. It was observed that though many isolates showed activity on the CMC plate assay, very few isolates showed significant filter paper activity. Three cellulolytic fungal isolates showing high FPase activity were characterised, identified and submitted to GenBank as Talaromyces verruculosus SGMNPf3 (KC937053), Trichoderma gamsii SGSPf7 (KC937055) and Trichoderma atroviride SGBMf4 (KC937054).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailendra Goyari
- />Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal, India
| | - Shantibala S Devi
- />Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal, India
| | | | - Narayan C Talukdar
- />Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Imphal, India
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9
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Khelil O, Cheba B. Thermophilic Cellulolytic Microorganisms from Western Algerian Sources: Promising Isolates for Cellulosic Biomass Recycling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Khemkhao M, Nuntakumjorn B, Techkarnjanaruk S, Phalakornkule C. UASB performance and microbial adaptation during a transition from mesophilic to thermophilic treatment of palm oil mill effluent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 103:74-82. [PMID: 22466006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) by an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) at organic loading rates (OLR) between 2.2 and 9.5 g COD l(-1) day(-1) was achieved by acclimatizing the mesophilic (37 °C) microbial seed to the thermophilic temperature (57 °C) by a series of stepwise temperature shifts. The UASB produced up to 13.2 l biogas d(-1) with methane content on an average of 76%. The COD removal efficiency ranged between 76 and 86%. Microbial diversity of granules from the UASB reactor was also investigated. The PCR-based DGGE analysis showed that the bacterial population profiles significantly changed with the temperature transition from mesophilic to thermophilic conditions. In addition, the results suggested that even though the thermophilic temperature of 57 °C was suitable for a number of hydrolytic, acidogenic and acetogenic bacteria, it may not be suitable for some Methanosaeta species acclimatized from 37 °C. Specifically, the bands associated with Methanosaeta thermophila PT and Methanosaeta harundinacea can be detected during the four consecutive operation phases of 37 °C, 42 °C, 47 °C and 52 °C, but their corresponding bands were found to fade out at 57 °C. The DGGE analysis predicted that the temperature transition can result in significant methanogenic biomass washout at 57 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneerat Khemkhao
- Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
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11
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Dobrev GT, Zhekova BY. Biosynthesis, purification and characterization of endoglucanase from a xylanase producing strain Aspergillus niger B03. Braz J Microbiol 2012; 43:70-7. [PMID: 24031805 PMCID: PMC3768974 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822012000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An extracellular endoglucanase was isolated from the culture liquid of xylanase producing strain Aspergillus niger B03. The enzyme was purified to a homogenous form, using consecutive ultrafiltration, anion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. Endoglucanase was a monomer protein with a molecular weight of 26,900 Da determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 28,800 Da determined by gel filtration. The optimal pH and temperature values for the enzyme action were 3.5 and 65 °C respectively. Endoglucanase was stable at 40 °C, pH 3.0 for 210 min. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was determined with carboxymethyl cellulose, filter paper, and different glycosides. Endoglucanase displayed maximum activity in the case of carboxymethyl cellulose, with a Km value of 21.01 mg/mL. The substrate specificity and the pattern of substrate degradation suggested that the enzyme is an endoglucanase. Endoglucanase showed a synergism with endoxylanase in corn cobs hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Todorov Dobrev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Food Technologies , 26 Maritza Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv , Bulgaria
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12
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van Dyk JS, Sakka M, Sakka K, Pletschke BI. Identification of endoglucanases, xylanases, pectinases and mannanases in the multi-enzyme complex of Bacillus licheniformis SVD1. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Waeonukul R, Kyu KL, Sakka K, Ratanakhanokchai K. Isolation and characterization of a multienzyme complex (cellulosome) of the Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 grown on Avicel under aerobic conditions. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:610-4. [PMID: 19447336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A multienzyme complex, cellulosome, of the facultatively anaerobic bacterium, Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 was produced on microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) under aerobic conditions. During growth on Avicel, the bacterial cells were found to be capable of adhesion to Avicel by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. The multienzyme complex of P. curdlanolyticus B-6 was isolated from the crude enzyme preparation by gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S-300 and affinity purification on cellulose. The isolated multienzyme complex was able to bind to both Avicel and insoluble xylan and consists of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes such as avicelase, carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), cellobiohydrolase, beta-glucosidase, xylanase, beta-xylosidase and alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase. The molecular mass of the complex was estimated to be 1600 kDa. It composed of at least 12 proteins on SDS-PAGE and 10 CMCases and 11 xylanases on zymograms. The isolated multienzyme complex could degrade the raw lignocellulosic substances effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiya Waeonukul
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
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Dobrev G, Zhekova B, Delcheva G, Koleva L, Tziporkov N, Pishtiyski I. Purification and characterization of endoxylanase Xln-1 from Aspergillus niger B03. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Nakasaki K, Tran LTH, Idemoto Y, Abe M, Rollon AP. Comparison of organic matter degradation and microbial community during thermophilic composting of two different types of anaerobic sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:676-682. [PMID: 18762416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Changes in organic matter degradation and microbial communities during thermophilic composting were compared using two different types of anaerobic sludge, one from mesophilic methane fermentation, containing a high concentration of proteins (S-sludge), and the other from thermophilic methane fermentation, containing high concentrations of lipids and fibers (K-sludge). The difference in the organic matter degradation rate corresponded to the difference in the organic matter constituents; the CO(2) evolution rate was greater in the composting of S-sludge than of K-sludge; moreover, the NH(3) evolution resulting from the protein degradation was especially higher in the composting of S-sludge. Then the differences in the microbial communities that contributed to each composting were determined by the PCR-DGGE method. Ureibacillus sp., which is known as a degrader with high organic matter degradation activity, was observed during the composting of S-sludge, whereas Thermobifida fusca, which is a well known thermophilic actinomycete that produces enzymes for lignocellulose degradation, were observed during the composting of K-sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Nakasaki
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1, Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan.
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Performance of Aspergillus niger B 03 β-xylosidase immobilized on polyamide membrane support. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Lee YJ, Kim BK, Lee BH, Jo KI, Lee NK, Chung CH, Lee YC, Lee JW. Purification and characterization of cellulase produced by Bacillus amyoliquefaciens DL-3 utilizing rice hull. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:378-86. [PMID: 17320379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A microorganism hydrolyzing rice hull was isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by analysis of 16S rDNA and partial sequences of the gyrA gene, and named as B. amyloliquefaciens DL-3. With the analysis of SDS-PAGE, the molecular weight of the purified cellulase was estimated to be 54kDa. The purified cellulase hydrolyzed avicel, caboxymethylcellulose (CMC), cellobiose, beta-glucan and xylan, but not p-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG). Optimum temperature and pH for the CMCase activity of the purified cellulase were found to be 50 degrees C and pH 7.0, respectively. The CMCase activity was inhibited by some metal ions, N-bromosuccinimide and EDTA in the order of Hg(2+)>EDTA>Mn(2+)>N-bromosuccinimide>Ni(2+)>Pb(2+)>Sr(2+)>Co(2+)>K(+). The open reading frame of the cellulase from B. amyloliquefaciens DL-3 was found to encode a protein of 499 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cellulase from B. amyloliquefaciens DL-3 showed high identity to cellulases from other Bacillus species, a modular structure containing a catalytic domain of the glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5), and a cellulose-binding module type 3 (CBM3).
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jung Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Hadan-2 Dong 840, Saha-Gu, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Pason P, Kyu KL, Ratanakhanokchai K. Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus strain B-6 xylanolytic-cellulolytic enzyme system that degrades insoluble polysaccharides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:2483-90. [PMID: 16597947 PMCID: PMC1448999 DOI: 10.1128/aem.72.4.2483-2490.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6, isolated from an anaerobic digester produces an extracellular xylanolytic-cellulolytic enzyme system containing xylanase, beta-xylosidase, arabinofuranosidase, acetyl esterase, mannanase, carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), avicelase, cellobiohydrolase, beta-glucosidase, amylase, and chitinase when grown on xylan under aerobic conditions. During growth on xylan, the bacterial cells were found to adhere to xylan from the early exponential growth phase to the late stationary growth phase. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed the adhesion of cells to xylan. The crude enzyme preparation was found to be capable of binding to insoluble xylan and Avicel. The xylanolytic-cellulolytic enzyme system efficiently hydrolyzed insoluble xylan, Avicel, and corn hulls to soluble sugars that were exclusively xylose and glucose. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of a crude enzyme preparation exhibited at least 17 proteins, and zymograms revealed multiple xylanases and cellulases containing 12 xylanases and 9 CMCases. The cellulose-binding proteins, which are mainly in a multienzyme complex, were isolated from the crude enzyme preparation by affinity purification on cellulose. This showed nine proteins by SDS-PAGE and eight xylanases and six CMCases on zymograms. Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration showed that the cellulose-binding proteins consisted of two multienzyme complexes with molecular masses of 1,450 and 400 kDa. The results indicated that the xylanolytic-cellulolytic enzyme system of this bacterium exists as multienzyme complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patthra Pason
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
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Xu Q, Bayer EA, Goldman M, Kenig R, Shoham Y, Lamed R. Architecture of the Bacteroides cellulosolvens cellulosome: description of a cell surface-anchoring scaffoldin and a family 48 cellulase. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:968-77. [PMID: 14761991 PMCID: PMC344227 DOI: 10.1128/jb.186.4.968-977.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A large gene downstream of the primary Bacteroides cellulosolvens cellulosomal scaffoldin (cipBc, now renamed scaA) was sequenced. The gene, termed scaB, contained an N-terminal leader peptide followed by 10 type I cohesins, an "X" domain of unknown structure and function, and a C-terminal S-layer homology (SLH) surface-anchoring module. In addition, a previously identified gene in a different part of the genome, encoding for a dockerin-borne family 48 cellulosomal glycoside hydrolase (Cel48), was sequenced completely, and a putative cellulosome-related family 9 glycosyl hydrolase was detected. Recombinant fusion proteins, comprising dockerins derived from either the ScaA scaffoldin or Cel48, were overexpressed. Their interaction with ScaA and ScaB cohesins was examined by immunoassay. The results indicated that the ScaB type I cohesin of the new anchoring protein binds selectively to the ScaA dockerin, whereas the Cel48 dockerin binds specifically to the type II ScaA cohesin 5. Thus, by virtue of the 11 type II ScaA cohesins and the 10 type I ScaB cohesins, the relatively simple two-component cellulosome-integrating complex would potentially incorporate 110 enzyme molecules onto the cell surface via the ScaB SLH module. Compared to previously described cellulosome systems, the apparent roles of the B. cellulosolvens cohesins are reversed, in that the type II cohesins are located on the enzyme-binding primary scaffoldin, whereas the type I cohesins are located on the anchoring scaffoldin. The results underscore the extensive diversity in the supramolecular architecture of cellulosome systems in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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Expanded bed affinity purification of bacterial α-amylase and cellulase on composite substrate analogue–cellulose matrices. Process Biochem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(03)00123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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