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Sen S. Liposome-encapsulated glycyrrhizin alleviates hyperglycemia and glycation-induced iron-catalyzed oxidative reactions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Liposome Res 2022; 32:376-385. [PMID: 35166624 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2036756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin, a bioactive constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra has been reported to ameliorate diabetes. Here, the effects of liposome-encapsulated glycyrrhizin on STZ-induced diabetes and associated oxidative stress were investigated. Wistar rats were grouped as control (NC, received placebo), diabetic (DC, STZ-induced), diabetic treated with free glycyrrhizin (DTG, 3 i.v. doses, 1.6 mg/0.5 ml), empty liposomes (DTl, 3 i.v. doses), and liposome-encapsulated glycyrrhizin (DTbd, 3 i.v. doses, 1.6 mg/0.5 ml). Serum glucose, insulin, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and glycohemoglobin were estimated. Free iron and iron-mediated oxidative stress were examined. Histological examinations of the kidney and liver were performed. Liposomal-glycyrrhizin treatment caused significant improvement of hyperglycemia (DC vs. DTbd p < .05), glucose intolerance (DC vs. DTG p < .01 and DC vs. DTbd p < .05), insulin (DC vs. DTG p < .1, DTbd vs. DC p < .05 and DTbd vs. DTG p < .1) and glycohemoglobin (DC vs. DTG p < .1 and DC vs. DTbd p < .05) levels in the DTbd group. Alleviation of free iron release (DC vs. DTbd p < .05), lipid peroxidation (DC + H2O2 vs. DTbd + H2O2 p < .05), deoxyribose (DC + H2O2 vs. DTbd + H2O2, p < .05), and DNA degradation occurred in the DTbd group. The abnormalities of the kidney and liver were abolished in the DTbd group. The inhibitory effects were more pronounced compared to free glycyrrhizin. Liposome-encapsulated glycyrrhizin treatment caused inhibition of diabetic complications through its antioxidant effects and can be exploited for effective treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrojit Sen
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Sen S, Singh R. Glycyrrhiza glabra alcoholic root extract ameliorates hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and glycation-induced free iron-mediated oxidative reactions. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13970. [PMID: 34676570 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-associated oxidative stress leads to various pathophysiological complications in diabetes mellitus. Here, the effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) root extract of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic changes and the associated free iron-mediated oxidative reactions were investigated. The animals were divided into five group, Group 1: Control (NC received buffer); Group 2: STZ-induced (DC); Group 3: Control treated with G. glabra root extract (NT, 60 mg/Kg b.w daily for 1 month); Group 4: Diabetic treated with the extract (60 mg/Kg b.w daily for 1 month); Group 5: Diabetic treated with glibenclamide (DTG, 8.6 mg/Kg b.w for 1 month). STZ (i) induced hyperglycemia, abnormal intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), increased HbA1c and decreased plasma insulin levels (ii) hyperlipidemia (iii) lowered antioxidant enzyme activities (iv) diminished RBC membrane fluidity (v) enhanced hemoglobin glycation-induced iron release and associated free radical reactions. Treatment with the extract resulted in significant reversal of hyperglycemia (DC: 205.0 ± 7.0 mg/dl vs. DT: 87.5 ± 4.5 mg/dl, p < .05); HbA1c (DC: 11.5 ± 2.0 vs. DT: 7.5 ± 0.8 vs. DT: 7.5 ± 0.8, p < .05); insulin (DC: 0.3 ± 0.06 vs. DT: 1.25 ± 0.15 μgm/L, p < .05); free iron (DC: 150.4 ± 7.07 vs. DT: 98.8 ± 7.7 μgm/gm of Hb, p < .05); TBARS (DC + H2 O2 : 24.62 ± 11.30 vs. DC + H2 O2 : 9.82 ± 2.56 mmoles/h, p < .05); carbonyl (DC: 40.40 ± 1.57 vs. DT: 25.50 ± 1.12 mmoles/g of Hb, p < .05) levels and β-cell count/pancreatic islet (DC: 85 ± 15 vs. DT: 125 ± 20, p < .05). Thus, G. glabra extract is quite effective against hyperglycemia and the associated free iron-mediated oxidative stress. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Chronic use of oral hypoglycemic synthetic drugs may produce side effects and drug resistance. Recently, various plant extracts are being researched to explore their antihyperglycemic potential. Here, the effects of this alcoholic powdered root extract on STZ-induced diabetic changes and associated oxidative stress, including hemoglobin-induced free iron-mediated oxidative reactions were examined. The STZ-induced diabetic changes and hemoglobin-glycation-induced free iron-mediated oxidative reactions were alleviated in the Wistar rats after 1-month of treatment with the extract. We have also reported previously that glycyrrhizin, a bioactive constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra root inhibits peroxidase, esterase activities of hemoglobin and hemoglobin-mediated oxidative damage without affecting oxygen-binding capacity of the protein. This preclinical work further substantiates the potential therapeutic use of the G. glabra whole root extract in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrojit Sen
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Corporate Quality Assurance & R&D-Analytical (Healthcare and Food), Emami Ltd., Kolkata, India
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Biswas P, Seal P, Sikdar J, Haldar R. Oxidative degradation perturbs physico-chemical properties of hemoglobin in cigarette smokers: a threat to different biomolecules. Inhal Toxicol 2021; 33:275-284. [PMID: 34662252 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2021.1991529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cigarette smokers develop structural modification in hemoglobin (Hb) and this modification enable Hb to undergo higher rate of auto-oxidation, leading to generation of further intracellular ROS. OBJECTIVE In this study, we exhibited the possible cause and consequences of Hb modification in cigarette smokers. METHODS Twenty-two smokers and 16 nonsmokers, aged 25 to 35 years, having a smoking history of 7-10 years were recruited in this study. Carbonyl content, ferryl form, peroxidase-like and esterase-like activities of Hb were assayed. Free iron release by Hb, erythrocyte membrane-bound Hb and plasma Hb were also measured along with assessment of important biomolecular degradations by Hb. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Increase in carbonyl content in Hb indicates its oxidative degradation. Increase in ferryl Hb formation, peroxidase-like activity and decrease in esterase like activity of Hb along with increased release of nonheme iron (from Hb) clearly indicates alteration in physico-chemical properties of Hb in smokers. Moreover, increase in erythrocyte membrane-bound Hb and plasma-free Hb provide further evidences for higher rate of Hb oxidation in smokers' erythrocyte. The rates of protein, lipid, sugar and DNA degradation were noticed to be higher by smokers' Hb; and were further attenuated by desferrioxamine as well as mannitol. CONCLUSION We conclude that in cigarette smokers, there is oxidative degradation of Hb and the degradation causes alteration in its physico-chemical properties, which in turn may degrade different biomolecules in its close vicinity by releasing more iron and production of more superoxide as well as hydroxyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Biswas
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Paromita Seal
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Sikdar
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajen Haldar
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Formulation, physico-chemical characterization and antidiabetic potential of naringenin-loaded poly D, L lactide-co-glycolide (N-PLGA) nanoparticles. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Seal P, Sikdar J, Ghosh N, Biswas P, Haldar R. Exploring the binding dynamics of etoricoxib with human hemoglobin: A spectroscopic, calorimetric, and molecular modeling approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3018-3028. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1508369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Seal
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Sikdar
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Niladri Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Payel Biswas
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajen Haldar
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Seal P, Sikdar J, Roy A, Haldar R. Binding of ibuprofen to human hemoglobin: elucidation of their molecular recognition by spectroscopy, calorimetry, and molecular modeling techniques. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:3137-3154. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1384399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Seal
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Sikdar
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Amartya Roy
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Rajen Haldar
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
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Banerjee S. Glyoxal-induced modification enhances stability of hemoglobin and lowers iron-mediated oxidation reactions of the heme protein: An in vitro study. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:494-501. [PMID: 28888546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxal, a reactive α-oxoaldehyde, increases in diabetic condition. It reacts with different proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) following Maillard-like reaction. Considering the significance of AGE-mediated protein modification by glyoxal, here we have investigated the in vitro effect of the reactive α-oxoaldehyde (10, 20μM) on the heme protein hemoglobin (HbA0) (100μM) after incubation for one week at 25°C. In comparison with HbA0, glyoxal-treated HbA0 exhibited decreased absorbance around 280nm, reduced intrinsic fluorescence and lower surface hydrophobicity. Glyoxal treatment was found to increase the stability of HbA0 without significant perturbation of the secondary structure of the heme protein. In addition, H2O2-mediated iron release and subsequent iron-mediated oxidative (Fenton) reactions were found to be lower in presence of glyoxal-treated HbA0 compared to HbA0. Mass spectrometric studies revealed modification of arginine residues of HbA0 (Arg-31α, Arg-40β) to hydroimidazolone adducts. AGE-induced modifications thus appear to be associated with the observed changes of the heme protein. Considering the increased level of glyoxal in diabetes mellitus as well as its high reactivity, glyoxal-derived AGE adducts might thus be associated with modifications of the protein including physiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauradipta Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
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Maity S, Mukhopadhyay P, Kundu PP, Chakraborti AS. Alginate coated chitosan core-shell nanoparticles for efficient oral delivery of naringenin in diabetic animals—An in vitro and in vivo approach. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 170:124-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Maity S, Chakraborty S, Chakraborti AS. Critical insight into the interaction of naringenin with human haemoglobin: A combined spectroscopic and computational modeling approaches. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Methylglyoxal modification enhances the stability of hemoglobin and lowers its iron-mediated oxidation reactions: An in vitro study. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:1159-1168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Banerjee S. Methyglyoxal administration induces modification of hemoglobin in experimental rats: An in vivo study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 167:82-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Banerjee S, Chakraborti AS. Glyoxal administration induces formation of high molecular weight aggregates of hemoglobin exhibiting amyloidal nature in experimental rats: An in vivo study. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:805-813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Seal P, Sikdar J, Roy A, Haldar R. Acetaminophen interacts with human hemoglobin: optical, physical and molecular modeling studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:1307-1321. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1180262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Seal
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Sikdar
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Amartya Roy
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Rajen Haldar
- Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
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Roy A, Sikdar J, Seal P, Haldar R. Cigarette smokers develop structurally modified hemoglobin: a possible way of increasing oxidative stress. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:300-7. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1045052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Das S, Roy P, Pal R, Auddy RG, Chakraborti AS, Mukherjee A. Engineered silybin nanoparticles educe efficient control in experimental diabetes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101818. [PMID: 24991800 PMCID: PMC4081790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Silybin, is one imminent therapeutic for drug induced hepatotoxicity, human prostate adenocarcinoma and other degenerative organ diseases. Recent evidences suggest that silybin influences gluconeogenesis pathways favorably and is beneficial in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The compound however is constrained due to solubility (0.4 mg/mL) and bioavailabilty limitations. Appropriate nanoparticle design for silybin in biocompatible polymers was thus proposed as a probable solution for therapeutic inadequacy. New surface engineered biopolymeric nanoparticles with high silybin encapsulation efficiency of 92.11% and zeta potential of +21 mV were designed. Both the pure compound and the nanoparticles were evaluated in vivo for the first time in experimental diabetic conditions. Animal health recovered substantially and the blood glucose levels came down to near normal values after 28 days treatment schedule with the engineered nanoparticles. Restoration from hyperglycemic damage condition was traced to serum insulin regeneration. Serum insulin recovered from the streptozotocin induced pancreatic damage levels of 0.17 ± 0.01 µg/lit to 0.57 ± 0.11 µg/lit after nanoparticle treatment. Significant reduction in glycated hemoglobin level, and restoration of liver glycogen content were some of the other interesting observations. Engineered silybin nanoparticle assisted recovery in diabetic conditions was reasoned due to improved silybin dissolution, passive transport in nanoscale, and restoration of antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvadra Das
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Faculty of Technology (Pharmaceutical) University Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Rajat Pal
- Department of Bio-Physics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Runa Ghosh Auddy
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhay Sankar Chakraborti
- Department of Bio-Physics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Bose T, Bhattacherjee A, Banerjee S, Chakraborti AS. Methylglyoxal-induced modifications of hemoglobin: structural and functional characteristics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 529:99-104. [PMID: 23232081 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) reacts with proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Although hemoglobin modification by MG is known, the modified protein is not yet characterized. We have studied the nature of AGE formed by MG on human hemoglobin (HbA(0)) and its effect on structure and function of the protein. After reaction of HbA(0) with MG, the modified protein (MG-Hb) was separated and its properties were compared with those of the unmodified protein HbA(0). As shown by MALDI-mass spectrometry, MG converted Arg-92α and Arg-104β to hydroimidazolones in MG-Hb. Compared to HbA(0), MG-Hb exhibited decreased absorbance around 280nm, reduced tryptophan fluorescence (excitation 285nm) and increased α-helix content. However, MG modification did not change the quaternary structure of the heme protein. MG-Hb appeared to be more thermolabile than HbA(0). The modified protein was found to be more effective than HbA(0) in H(2)O(2)-mediated iron release and oxidative damages involving Fenton reaction. MG-Hb exhibited less peroxidase activity and more esterase activity than HbA(0). MG-induced structural and functional changes of hemoglobin may enhance oxidative stress and associated complications, particularly in diabetes mellitus with increased level of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bose
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
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Verbeek CJR, van den Berg LE. Structural changes as a result of processing in thermoplastic bloodmeal. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mondal B, Chatterjee D, Bhattacharyya M. Structure-function alteration of hemoglobin in arsenicosis patients: a probable pathway to exert toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 32:581-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bibaswan Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Calcutta; 35 Ballygunge Circular Road; Kolkata; 700019; India
| | - Debdutta Chatterjee
- Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research; 224 Acharyya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road; Kolkata; 700020; India
| | - Maitree Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Calcutta; 35 Ballygunge Circular Road; Kolkata; 700019; India
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Sen S, Roy M, Chakraborti AS. Ameliorative effects of glycyrrhizin on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:287-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Glycyrrhizin is the main water-soluble constituent of the root of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra). The study investigates the effect of glycyrrhizin on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic changes and associated oxidative stress, including haemoglobin-induced free iron-mediated oxidative reactions.
Methods
Male Wistar rats were grouped as normal control, STZ-induced diabetic control, normal treated with glycyrrhizin, diabetic treated with glycyrrhizin and diabetic treated with a standard anti-hyperglycaemic drug, glibenclamide. Different parameters were studied in blood and tissue samples of the rats.
Key findings
Glycyrrhizin treatment improved significantly the diabetogenic effects of STZ, namely enhanced blood glucose level, glucose intolerant behaviour, decreased serum insulin level including pancreatic islet cell numbers, increased glycohaemoglobin level and enhanced levels of cholesterol and triglyceride. The treatment significantly reduced diabetes-induced abnormalities of pancreas and kidney tissues. Oxidative stress parameters, namely, serum superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde and fructosamine in diabetic rats were reverted to respective normal values after glycyrrhizin administration. Free iron in haemoglobin, iron-mediated free radical reactions and carbonyl formation in haemoglobin were pronounced in diabetes, and were counteracted by glycyrrhizin. Effects of glycyrrhizin and glibenclamide treatments appeared comparable.
Conclusion
Glycyrrhizin is quite effective against hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and associated oxidative stress, and may be a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrojit Sen
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Moumita Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhay Sankar Chakraborti
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, India
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Cheema MA, Taboada P, Barbosa S, Gutiérrez-Pichel M, Castro E, Siddiq M, Mosquera V. Energetics of binding and protein unfolding upon amphiphilic drug complexation with a globular protein in different aqueous media. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 63:217-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roy M, Sen S, Chakraborti AS. Action of pelargonidin on hyperglycemia and oxidative damage in diabetic rats: Implication for glycation-induced hemoglobin modification. Life Sci 2008; 82:1102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Bose T, Chakraborti AS. Fructose-induced structural and functional modifications of hemoglobin: implication for oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:800-8. [PMID: 18339326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Increased fructose concentration in diabetes mellitus causes fructation of several proteins. Here we have studied fructose-induced modifications of hemoglobin. We have demonstrated structural changes in fructose-modified hemoglobin (Fr-Hb) by enhanced fluorescence emission with excitation at 285 nm, more surface accessible tryptophan residues by using acrylamide, changes in secondary and tertiary structures by CD spectroscopy, and increased thermolability by using differential scanning calorimetry in comparison with those of normal hemoglobin, HbA(0). Release of iron from hemoglobin is directly related with the extent of fructation. H2O2-induced iron release from Fr-Hb is significantly higher than that from HbA(0). In the presence of H2O2, Fr-Hb degrades arachidonic acid, deoxyribose and plasmid DNA more efficiently than HbA(0), and these processes are significantly inhibited by desferrioxamine or mannitol. Thus increased iron release from Fr-Hb may cause enhanced formation of free radicals and oxidative stress in diabetes. Compared to HbA(0), Fr-Hb exhibits increased carbonyl formation, an index of oxidative modification. Functional modification in Fr-Hb has also been demonstrated by its decreased peroxidase activity and increased esterase activity in comparison with respective HbA(0) activities. Molecular modeling study reveals Lys 7alpha, Lys 127alpha and Lys 66beta to be the probable potential targets for fructation in HbA(0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bose
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata - 700009, India
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Aaron JJ, Gaye Seye MD, Trajkovska S, Motohashi N. Bioactive Phenothiazines and Benzo[a]phenothiazines: Spectroscopic Studies, and Biological and Biomedical Properties and Applications. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2008_125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Liu TQ, Guo R. Influences of Triton X-100 on Hemoglobin Behaviors in Hemoglobin/Acyclovir/Triton X-100/H2O System. CHINESE J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200790092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sen S, Bose T, Roy A, Chakraborti AS. Effect of non-enzymatic glycation on esterase activities of hemoglobin and myoglobin. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 301:251-7. [PMID: 17549609 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Heme proteins--hemoglobin and myoglobin possess esterase activities. Studies with purified hemoglobin from normal individuals and diabetic patients revealed that the esterase activity as measured from hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA) was higher in diabetic condition and increased progressively with extent of the disease. HbA(1c), the major glycated hemoglobin, which increases proportionately with blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus, exhibited more esterase activity than the non-glycated hemoglobin fraction, HbA(0), as demonstrated spectrophotometrically as well as by activity staining. Glycation influenced esterase activity of hemoglobin by increasing the affinity for the substrate and the rate of the reaction. Both HbA(0) and HbA(1c)-mediated catalysis of p-NPA hydrolysis was pH-dependent. Esterase activity of in vitro-glycated myoglobin (GMb) was also higher than that of its non-glycated analog (Mb). The amplified esterase activities of hemoglobin and myoglobin might be associated with glycation-induced structural modifications of the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrojit Sen
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Kar M, Roy A, Bose T, Chakraborti AS. Effect of Glycation of Hemoglobin on its Interaction with Trifluoperazine. Protein J 2006; 25:202-11. [PMID: 16755386 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-006-9003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoperazine (TFZ), a phenothiazine drug, penetrates into human erythrocytes and releases oxygen by interaction with hemoglobin. TFZ-induced oxygen release from hyperglycemic erythrocytes isolated from diabetic patients is considerably less compared to that from the cells of normoglycemic individuals. In diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin is significantly glycated by glucose. Non-glycated hemoglobin, HbA0 and its major glycated analog, HbA1c have been separated from the blood samples of diabetic patients. TFZ releases considerable amount of oxygen from HbA0, but very little from HbA1c. Spectrofluorimetric studies reveal that TFZ forms excited state complexes with both HbA0 and HbAlc. Titration of HbA0 with TFZ in a spectrophotometric study exhibits two isosbestic points. Similar experiment with HbAlc causes gradual loss of the Soret peak without appearance of any isosbestic point indicating a possibility of heme loss during interaction, which is also supported by gel filtration experiment and SDS-PAGE experiment followed by heme staining. The results suggest that drug action on hemoglobin is influenced by glycation-induced structural modification of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kar
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Genetics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Saha A, Adak S, Chowdhury S, Bhattacharyya M. Enhanced oxygen releasing capacity and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus-associated cardiovascular disease: a comparative study. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 361:141-9. [PMID: 16098498 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2005.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Revised: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/16/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrovascular disease, especially cardiovascular accounts for most of the mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We compared oxidative stress, thermal stability and oxygen releasing capacity of hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease. METHODS The study was performed on 38 control subjects, 31 diabetics, 36 diabetics with cardiovascular complications, and 33 non-diabetic cardiovascular subjects. RESULTS Enhanced oxidative stress was shown by an increased protein carbonyl content observed both in plasma and in hemolysate of the diseased samples in type 2 diabetes and diabetes-associated cardiovascular diseased patients. Altered levels of cytoprotective enzymes were shown by decreased catalase activity, increased glutathione reductase activity and unaltered superoxide dismutase activity. Peroxidative activity of diseased hemoglobin was much higher compared to healthy controls indicating possible structural changes in pathologic hemoglobin molecule as a result of disease induced oxidative stress. This result is in good agreement with the observation that thermal stability of pathologic hemoglobin was also found to be less compared to control subjects. Enhanced oxygen releasing capacity of tetrameric oxyhemoglobin was monitored in presence of the drug Trifluoperazine in pathologic red blood cells, maximum increment being noticed in diabetic cardiovascular diseased subjects. CONCLUSION Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress was responsible to affect the thermal stability and oxygen releasing capacity of hemoglobin and the effect is more pronounced in diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunj Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, India
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Sen S, Kar M, Roy A, Chakraborti AS. Effect of nonenzymatic glycation on functional and structural properties of hemoglobin. Biophys Chem 2005; 113:289-98. [PMID: 15620514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2004.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Revised: 05/19/2004] [Accepted: 05/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HbA(1c), the major glycated hemoglobin increases proportionately with blood glucose concentration in diabetes mellitus. H(2)O(2) promotes more iron release from HbA(1c) than that from nonglycated hemoglobin, HbA(0). This free iron, acting as a Fenton reagent, might produce free radicals and degrade cell constituents. Here we demonstrate that in the presence of H(2)O(2), HbA(1c) degrades DNA and protein more efficiently than HbA(0). Formation of carbonyl content, an index of oxidative stress, is higher by HbA(1c). Compared to HbA(0), HbA(1c) is more rapidly autooxidized. Besides these functional changes, glycation also causes structural modifications of hemoglobin. This is demonstrated by reduced alpha-helix content, more surface accessible hydrophobic tryptophan residues, increased thermolability and weaker heme-globin linkage in HbA(1c) than in its nonglycated analog. The glycation-induced structural modification of hemoglobin may be associated with its functional modification leading to oxidative stress in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrojit Sen
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Taboada P, Fernández Y, Mosquera V. Interactions of Two Amphiphilic Penicillins with Myoglobin in Aqueous Buffered Solutions: A Thermodynamic and Spectroscopy Study. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:2201-11. [PMID: 15530034 DOI: 10.1021/bm0497724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interactions and complexation process of the amphiphilic penicillins sodium cloxacillin and sodium dicloxacillin with horse myoglobin in aqueous buffered solutions of pH 4.5 and 7.4 have been examined by equilibrium dialysis, zeta-potential, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and UV-Vis absorbance techniques. A more opened structure of the protein molecules is detected as a consequence of the reduction of pH from 7.4 to 4.5. Binding isotherms and derived Hill coefficients reflect a cooperative binding behavior. Gibbs energies of binding per mole of drug were obtained from equilibrium dialysis data and compared with those derived from the zeta potential taking into account cooperativity. DeltaGads degrees values so obtained are large and negative at low concentrations where binding to the "high-energy" sites occurs and decreases with the drug concentration. The enthalpies of binding have been obtained from ITC and are small and exothermic so that the Gibbs energies of binding are dominated by large increases in entropy consistent with hydrophobic interactions. Other thermodynamic quantities of the binding mechanism, that is, entropy, DeltaSITCi, Gibbs energy, DeltaGITCi, the binding constant, KITCi, and the number of binding sites, ni, were also obtained, confirming the above results. From ITC data and following a theoretical model, the number of bound and free penicillin molecules was calculated, being higher at pH 4.5 than at pH 7.4. The binding of penicillin causes a conformational transition on protein structure as a consequence of the resulting intramolecular repulsion between the penicillin molecules bound to the protein. Thermodynamic quantites (the Gibbs energy of the transition in water, DeltaGw degrees , and in a hydrophobic environment, DeltaGhc degrees) of the denaturation process were calculated, indicating that at pH 4.5 some of the histidine residues are protonated, becoming accessible to solvent and giving rise to a more opened protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Taboada
- Grupo de Física de Coloides y Polímeros, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Abstract
Two important porphyrins, protoporphyrin IX and hematoporphyrin IX, derivatives of which form the basis of photosensitization in the photodynamic therapy of cancer treatment, interact with two physiologically important heme proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin. The extent and modality of these interactions vary with the state of aggregation of the two porphyrins. Upon binding with these proteins, both the drugs change the protein conformations and release the heme-bound oxygen from the oxyproteins. At the same time, the peroxidase activities of these proteins are potentiated due to the protein-porphyrin complexation, as is found in case of horseradish peroxidase also. The effect of porphyrins on heme proteins should be given due consideration in elucidating the details of the mechanism of porphyrin actions in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Sankar Chakraborti
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
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Deere J, Magner E, Wall JG, Hodnett BK. Mechanistic and Structural Features of Protein Adsorption onto Mesoporous Silicates. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0139484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Deere
- Materials and Surface Science Institute and Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Edmond Magner
- Materials and Surface Science Institute and Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - J. Gerard Wall
- Materials and Surface Science Institute and Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - B. Kieran Hodnett
- Materials and Surface Science Institute and Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Abstract
The mode and nature of the binding of chlorpromazine (CPZ), a psychotropic drug, with milk proteins--alpha-lactalbumin (with substantial amounts of alpha-helix, beta-sheet and random coil), alpha-lactoglobulin (a major beta-sheeted protein) and alphas-casein (a random coiled protein) have been studied spectrofluorometrically and spectropolarimetrically. The binding affinity of CPZ for unfolded proteins is comparatively less than that of folded proteins although the number of binding sites is smaller in the latter case, due to the greater extent of binding of CPZ for folded proteins. Thermodynamic analysis reveals that CPZ binds to alpha-lactalbumin and alphas-casein in an endothermic (deltaH degrees is positive) and hydrophobic manner but with beta-lactoglobulin in an exothermic (deltaH degrees is negative) manner. Far UV Circular dichroic studies reveal that CPZ increases the secondary structure of the major beta-sheeted protein, beta-lactoglobulin possibly by increasing the relative contact orders (non-local contacts) within the residues. On the other hand, for proteins possessing random coil, it increases the unfolded state of the protein. CPZ does not affect local contacts in alpha-helix when its interaction is compared with a major alpha-helical protein, myoglobin.
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