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Milan M, Matozzo V, Pauletto M, Di Camillo B, Giacomazzo M, Boffo L, Binato G, Marin MG, Patarnello T, Bargelloni L. Can ecological history influence response to pollutants? Transcriptomic analysis of Manila clam collected in different Venice lagoon areas and exposed to heavy metal. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 174:123-133. [PMID: 26945539 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to environmental pollutants can exert strong selective pressures on natural populations, favoring the transmission over generations of traits that enable individuals to survive and thrive in highly impacted environments. The lagoon of Venice is an ecosystem subject to heavy anthropogenic impact, mainly due to the industrial activities of Porto Marghera (PM), which led to a severe chemical contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediments. Gene expression analysis on wild Manila clams collected in different Venice lagoon areas enabled to identify differences in gene expression profiles between clams collected in PM and those sampled in clean areas, and the definition of molecular signatures of chemical stress. However, it remains largely unexplored to which extent modifications of gene expression patterns persists after removing the source of contamination. It is also relatively unknown whether chronic exposure to xenobiotics affects the response to other chemical pollutants. To start exploring such issues, in the present study a common-garden experiment was coupled with transcriptomic analysis, to compare gene expression profiles of PM clams with those of clams collected in the less impacted area of Chioggia (CH) during a period under the same control conditions. Part of the two experimental groups were also exposed to copper for seven days to assess whether different "ecological history" does influence response to such pollutant. The results obtained suggest that the chronic exposure to chemical pollution generated a response at the transcriptional level that persists after removal for the contaminated site. These transcriptional changes are centered on key biological processes, such as defense against either oxidative stress or tissue/protein damage, and detoxification, suggesting an adaptive strategy for surviving in the deeply impacted environment of Porto Marghera. On the other hand, CH clams appeared to respond more effectively to copper exposure than PM animals, proposing that chronic exposure to chemical toxicants either lowers the sensitivity to additional toxicants or blunts the capacity to respond to novel chemical challenges in PM clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Valerio Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Giacomazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences University of Quèbec at Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | | | - Giovanni Binato
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Tomaso Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
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Burlando B, Viarengo A. Ca2+ is mobilized by hydroxyl radical but not by superoxide in RTH-149 cells: The oxidative switching-on of Ca2+ signaling. Cell Calcium 2005; 38:507-13. [PMID: 16140374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2005.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Differential effects of superoxide and hydroxyl radical on intracellular calcium were investigated in trout hepatoma cells (RTH-149). [Ca2+]i variations were recorded using confocal imaging, fluo-3 loading, and exposure to various mixtures consisting of hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XO), and of sub-stimulatory concentrations of H2O2 and Cu2+ . No [Ca2+]i variation was found with HX/XO, a slight [Ca2+]i rise with a mixture of Cu2+ and HX/XO, a sustained rise with Cu2+ and H2O2, and the highest rise with Cu2+, H2O2 and HX/XO. Fluorimetric assay using dihydrorhodamine 123 revealed a correlation between the oxidizing power of a mixture and its effect on [Ca2+]i. The [Ca2+]i rise induced by Cu2+, H2O2 and HX/XO, was partially reduced in Ca2+ free medium or in the presence of SOD, converted into Ca2+ transient by verapamil, and almost abolished by the PLC inhibitor U73122 or in the presence of the hydroxyl radical quencher TEMPOL. Data indicate that Ca2+ is mobilized by hydroxyl radical but not by superoxide. The mechanism consists of PLC activation causing intracellular Ca2+ release, while Ca2+ entry potentiates Ca2+ release thus leading to sustained [Ca2+]i rise. A role of hydroxyl radicals in the oxidative switching-on of Ca2+ signaling is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Burlando
- DISAV, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bellini 25 G, 15100 Alessandria, Italy.
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Marchi B, Burlando B, Moore MN, Viarengo A. Mercury- and copper-induced lysosomal membrane destabilisation depends on [Ca2+]i dependent phospholipase A2 activation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2004; 66:197-204. [PMID: 15036874 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2003.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2003] [Revised: 07/16/2003] [Accepted: 09/25/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are environmental pollutants able to produce different cellular effects, such as an alteration of Ca2+ homeostasis and lysosomal membrane destabilisation. The latter is one of the most used stress indices in biomonitoring programs. Recently, it has been demonstrated that cytosolic calcium increase can modulate lysosomal membrane destabilisation via activation of Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). The aim of this work was to investigate the possible involvement of Ca(2+)-activated PLA2 in lysosomal membrane destabilisation induced by heavy metals in mussel haemolymph cells. We have studied the effects of Hg2+ and Cu2+ on free cytosolic calcium using Fura2/AM-loaded cells and lysosomal membrane destabilisation using neutral red (NR) staining. Hg2+ induced a [Ca2+]i rise from 100 to 780 nM in 30 min, and a lysosome destaining of 70% after 60 min that indicates destabilisation of lysosomal membranes. Both effects were reduced in a Ca(2+)-free medium, suggesting a cause-effect relationship. Exposure to Cu2+ produced the same effects, but with an intensity of about 50% respect to Hg2+. Metal-induced lysosomal destabilisation was also reduced in cells pre-exposed to a specific Ca(2+)-dependent cPLA2 inhibitor (AACOCF3). Conversely, haemocyte pretreatment with a Ca(2+)-independent PLA2 inhibitor (bromoenol-lactone (BEL)) did not prevent the destabilizing effect of heavy metals on lysosomes. Exposure to heavy metals also produced an increase in lysosomal volume of 1.8-2-folds, that was prevented by pre-incubation with AACOCF3 but not with BEL. These data indicate an involvement of cPLA2 in lysosomal membrane destabilisation induced by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Marchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale Ambientale e Applicata, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Burlando B, Panfoli I, Viarengo A, Marchi B. Free radical-dependent Ca2+ signaling: role of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. Antioxid Redox Signal 2001; 3:525-30. [PMID: 11491663 DOI: 10.1089/15230860152409158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that Fe3+/ascorbate-induced Ca2+ release from scallop sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is due to Ca2+-channel gating by free radicals. This study is aimed at demonstrating that Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) plays a role in this kind of Ca2+ release. Scallop SR vesicles were incubated with fluo-3 and exposed to Fe3+/ascorbate. Fluorimetric recordings showed massive Ca2+ release, with maximum rate and 50% release occurring at 30 min after exposure. Conversely, the use of the probe for reactive oxygen species dihydrorhodamine or the assay of malondialdehyde allowed oxyradical production to be traced for approximately 5 min only. Hence, although Ca2+ release started just after exposure to Fe3+/ascorbate, most release occurred after free radical exhaustion. Ruthenium red addition after Fe3+/ascorbate slowed down the Ca2+ release, whereas cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose addition accelerated it, indicating that the free radical-induced Ca2+ release from SR vesicles triggers a mechanism of CICR that dramatically increases the initial effect.
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Zhang C, Gong Y, Ma H, An C, Chen D, Chen ZL. Reactive oxygen species involved in trichosanthin-induced apoptosis of human choriocarcinoma cells. Biochem J 2001; 355:653-61. [PMID: 11311127 PMCID: PMC1221780 DOI: 10.1042/bj3550653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The type-I ribosome-inactivating protein trichosanthin (TCS) has a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities, including abortifacient, anti-tumour and anti-HIV activities. We have found for the first time that TCS stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in JAR cells (a human choriocarcinoma cell line) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by using the fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate with confocal laser scanning microscopy. ESR spectral studies and the inhibition of ROS formation by the superoxide radical anion (O(2)(-.)) scavenger superoxide dismutase, the H(2)O(2) scavenger catalase and the hydroxyl radical (OH(.)) scavenger mannitol suggested the involvement of O(2)(-.), H(2)O(2) and OH(.). TCS-induced ROS formation was shown to be dependent on the presence of both extracellular and intracellular Ca(2+); moreover, ROS production paralleled the intracellular Ca(2+) elevation induced by TCS, suggesting that ROS production might be a consequence of Ca(2+) signalling. TCS-induced activation of caspase-3 was initiated within 2 h; however, TCS-induced production of ROS was initiated within 5 min, suggesting that the production of ROS preceded the activation of caspase-3. Simultaneous observation of the nuclear morphological changes via two-photon laser scanning microscopy and ROS production via confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that ROS is involved in the apoptosis of JAR cells. The involvement of ROS was also confirmed by the inhibition of TCS-induced cell death by the antioxidant Trolox and the ROS scavengers catalase and mannitol. Diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid, an inhibitor of metal-facilitated OH(.) formation, markedly inhibited TCS-induced cell death, suggesting that TCS induced OH(.) formation via the Fenton reaction. The finding that ROS is involved in the TCS-induced apoptosis of JAR cells might provide new insight into the anti-tumour and anti-HIV mechanism of TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Molecular and Nano Sciences Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Soyer A, Hultin HO. Kinetics of oxidation of the lipids and proteins of cod sarcoplasmic reticulum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:2127-2134. [PMID: 10888510 DOI: 10.1021/jf990780z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipid and protein oxidation in an NADH-Fe enzymic and an ascorbate-Fe nonenzymic system were determined simultaneously. The nonenzymic iron-reducing system gave rapid oxidation of lipid that leveled off at values much lower than those achieved in the enzymic system, which showed a continuous increase over the 1 or 2 h incubation times used. Protein sulfhydryl oxidation was more rapid in the nonenzymic system for total and accessible sulfhydryl groups, but the enzymic system oxidized the inaccessible sulfhydryl groups more rapidly. Both lipid and protein oxidations appeared to begin simultaneously. In the enzymic system, more lipid oxidation was achieved on a molar basis than oxidation of protein sulfhydryl groups, while in the nonenzymic system this was reversed. These data probably reflect the site specificity of the production of oxidizing elements in the two systems. The greater lipid oxidation in the enzymic system suggests that this may be the more important ferric iron-reducing system during storage of fish muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soyer
- Ankara University, Agricultural Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Diskapi, Turkey
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Goldman R, Moshonov S, Zor U. Calcium-dependent PAF-stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species in a human keratinocyte cell line. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1438:349-58. [PMID: 10366777 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During inflammation and other pathological states, the lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are both generated. We have been investigating the effect of exogenous PAF on ROS formation in the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). ROS production, measured using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL), proved to be rapid, transient, PAF receptor-mediated, and totally dependent on an increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Repeated administration of PAF resulted in refractoriness to the agonist in terms of both capacities to increase [Ca2+]i and generate ROS. The cells, however, continued to respond fully to other stimulants (bradykinin, epidermal growth factor, thapsigargin). The PAF-induced increases in [Ca2+]i (monitored using the fluorescent probe Fluo-3) were also rapid and transient and paralleled those of ROS generation. Relatively specific inhibitors of potential ROS-producing systems were administered in an attempt to characterize the ROS producing system(s). Inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, phospholipase A2, lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and NO synthase did not interfere with PAF evoked ROS. The flavoprotein inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase inhibitor KCN, prevented generation of ROS, making NAD(P)H a candidate for the electron source of the ROS and the mitochondria a potential major site of formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Goldman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Panfoli I, Burlando B, Viarengo A. Cyclic ADP-ribose-dependent Ca2+ release is modulated by free [Ca2+] in the scallop sarcoplasmic reticulum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 257:57-62. [PMID: 10092509 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) elicits calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) in a variety of cell types. We studied the effect of cADPR on Ca2+ release in muscle cells by incubating SR vesicles from scallop (Pecten jacobaeus) adductor muscle in the presence of the Ca2+ tracer fluo-3. Exposure of SR to cADPR (20 microM) produced Ca2+ release, which was a function of free [Ca2+] in a range between about 150 and 1000 nM, indicating an involvement of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ channels. This Ca2+ release was not significantly enhanced by calmodulin (7 micrograms/ml), but it was enhanced by equimolar addition of noncyclic ADPR. Also, the Ca2+ release elicited by cADPR/ADPR was a function of free [Ca2+] in a range between about 150 and 3000 nM, over which Ca2+ was inhibitory. cADPR self-inactivation was observed at low free [Ca2+] (about 150 nM), but it tended to disappear upon [Ca2+] elevation (about 250 nM). Caffeine or ryanodine induced a Ca2+ release which was ruthenium red (2.5 microM) sensitive at low [Ca2+]. However, the Ca2+ release induced by either ryanodine or cADPR was no longer ruthenium red sensitive when free [Ca2+] was increased. Based on these data, a model is proposed for Ca2+ signaling in muscle cells, where a steady-state cADPR level would trigger Ca2+ release when free [Ca2+] does reach a threshold slightly above its resting level, hence producing cascade RyR recruitment along SR cisternae from initial Ca2+ signaling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Panfoli
- Istituto Policattedra di Chimica Biologica, Università di Genova, V. le Benedetto XV 1, Genova, 16132, Italy
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