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Keller J, Marmit SP, Bunzel M. Structural Characterization of Dietary Fiber from Different Lupin Species ( Lupinus sp.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8430-8440. [PMID: 35758602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber fractions of whole seeds from different lupin species were structurally characterized. The low-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber fraction contains mainly stachyose and verbascose. The soluble dietary fiber fraction is dominated by homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan type I (RGI), with (arabino-)galactans and to a lesser portion arabinans as neutral RGI side chains. Arabinans are preferentially branched in position O2 as demonstrated by methylation analysis and an arabinan profiling approach. Insoluble dietary fiber is mainly composed of cellulose and pectins, but xylans and xyloglucans are present, too. Application of an enzymatic xyloglucan profiling approach demonstrated a substitution degree of 75% and proved the existence of fucosylated xyloglucans. Lignin of all lupin species was analyzed as being rich in guaiacyl units; however, the degree of lignification is low. Alcohol-insoluble residue polysaccharides from both seed coat and embryo/endosperm were analyzed separately, demonstrating tissue-related differences in the portions of cellulose and RGI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Keller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sven Peko Marmit
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Adenauerring 20A, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Lannuzel C, Smith A, Mary A, Della Pia E, Kabel M, de Vries S. Improving fiber utilization from rapeseed and sunflower seed meals to substitute soybean meal in pig and chicken diets: A review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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3
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Gilani S, Gracia M, Barnard L, Dersjant-Li Y, Millán C, Gibbs K. Effects of a xylanase and beta-glucanase enzyme combination on growth performance of broilers fed maize-soybean meal-based diets. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2021.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The following study evaluated effects of a xylanase and beta-glucanase combination on growth performance of broilers fed energy reduced versus nutritionally adequate maize-soybean meal-based diets. A total of 648, one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were assigned to floor-pens (24 birds/pen, nine pens/treatment, three treatments) in a randomised block design. Treatments included: (1) a nutritionally adequate positive control diet (PC); (2) a negative control (NC) diet in which energy, crude protein and digestible amino acids were reduced by 3.4% (-105 kcal apparent metabolisable energy), 2.3% and 1.2 to 3.0% vs PC, respectively; and (3) NC plus a xylanase and beta-glucanase combination that supplied 1,220 U xylanase and 152 U beta-glucanase per kilogram of final feed. All diets contained a background of 500 FTU/kg phytase and were offered to birds ad libitum. Birds fed NC showed reduced average daily gain (ADG) by -6.1% (P<0.05); increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 9.2 points (P<0.05), and overall (d 1-35) body weight corrected FCR which was increased by 9.4 points (P<0.05) vs the PC group. Enzyme supplementation increased final BW (+4.2%, P<0.05), ADG (+5.4%, P<0.05) and tended to reduce FCR (+7.5 points, P=0.054) from d 22-35 vs NC, without affecting average daily feed intake. Improvements in performance due to the enzyme combination were equivalent to performance on the PC diet in all cases. The results suggested that significant improvements in growth performance of broilers fed maize-soybean meal-based diets which had been reduced in energy and nutrients can be realised by supplementation with xylanase in combination with beta-glucanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gilani
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - M.I. Gracia
- IMASDE Agroalimentaria, S.L. C/ Nápoles 3, 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Barnard
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - Y. Dersjant-Li
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - C. Millán
- IMASDE Agroalimentaria, S.L. C/ Nápoles 3, 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - K. Gibbs
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
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Gao Y, Mortimer JC. Unlocking the architecture of native plant cell walls via solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 160:121-143. [PMID: 32896312 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the biosynthesis and architecture of the plant cell wall is key to predictably engineering plants as a sustainable bioenergy source. Multi-dimensional solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is a promising technique to investigate the three-dimensional networks formed between cell wall components in their native state, and develop models of cell wall architecture. To do this, it is necessary to produce plant material that is highly enriched in the carbon-13 isotope (13C), since carbon-12 (12C) is inactive in NMR. Here, we present a cost-effective way to generate 13C-enriched mature plant tissue and to determine the degree of 13C incorporation. We describe a series of multi-dimensional ssNMR experiments that have been used in recent studies of cell wall architecture, and provide an introduction to interpreting the resulting ssNMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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Zavyalov AV, Rykov SV, Lunina NA, Sushkova VI, Yarotsky SV, Berezina OV. Plant Polysaccharide Xyloglucan and Enzymes That Hydrolyze It (Review). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019070148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Rodrigues JM, Duarte MER, Noseda MD. Modified soybean meal polysaccharide with high adhesion capacity to Salmonella. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:1074-1084. [PMID: 31398402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are known to act as analog receptors for bacteria and therefore are promising alternatives for the control and prevention of bacterial infections. The present study evaluated the chemical structure of modified soybean meal polysaccharides and their capacity to adhere enterobacteria (Salmonella Typhimurium) and to interfere with the bacteria adhesion to the known analogue receptors, using in vitro assays. For this, soybean meal suspensions were subjected to a thermochemical extraction process and structural analyses showed that the fraction with higher adhesion and adhesion-inhibition potential, SAP, was constituted by two types of polysaccharides: a partially depolymerized pectin, of high molar mass, composed of xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan regions (SAP1, 545.5 kDa), and a (1 → 4)-linked-β-D-galactan of low molar mass (SAP2, 8.7 kDa). The results showed a high affinity of Salmonella for galactans, while high molar mass pectins showed no adhesion capacity. The chemical compositions of the fractions suggested that galactose could be responsible for the recognition process in the adhesion process. Other factors, such as structure and degree of polymerization of the polymers, may also be influencing the adhesion process. Modified soybean meal polysaccharides appear to be a promising alternative agent to antibiotics for the control and prevention of foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Mota Rodrigues
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Dept., Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19011, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept., Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Rabello Duarte
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept., Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Miguel Daniel Noseda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept., Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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7
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Muszyński A, O'Neill MA, Ramasamy E, Pattathil S, Avci U, Peña MJ, Libault M, Hossain MS, Brechenmacher L, York WS, Barbosa RM, Hahn MG, Stacey G, Carlson RW. Xyloglucan, galactomannan, glucuronoxylan, and rhamnogalacturonan I do not have identical structures in soybean root and root hair cell walls. PLANTA 2015; 242:1123-38. [PMID: 26067758 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Chemical analyses and glycome profiling demonstrate differences in the structures of the xyloglucan, galactomannan, glucuronoxylan, and rhamnogalacturonan I isolated from soybean ( Glycine max ) roots and root hair cell walls. The root hair is a plant cell that extends only at its tip. All other root cells have the ability to grow in different directions (diffuse growth). Although both growth modes require controlled expansion of the cell wall, the types and structures of polysaccharides in the walls of diffuse and tip-growing cells from the same plant have not been determined. Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the few plants whose root hairs can be isolated in amounts sufficient for cell wall chemical characterization. Here, we describe the structural features of rhamnogalacturonan I, rhamnogalacturonan II, xyloglucan, glucomannan, and 4-O-methyl glucuronoxylan present in the cell walls of soybean root hairs and roots stripped of root hairs. Irrespective of cell type, rhamnogalacturonan II exists as a dimer that is cross-linked by a borate ester. Root hair rhamnogalacturonan I contains more neutral oligosaccharide side chains than its root counterpart. At least 90% of the glucuronic acid is 4-O-methylated in root glucuronoxylan. Only 50% of this glycose is 4-O-methylated in the root hair counterpart. Mono O-acetylated fucose-containing subunits account for at least 60% of the neutral xyloglucan from root and root hair walls. By contrast, a galacturonic acid-containing xyloglucan was detected only in root hair cell walls. Soybean homologs of the Arabidopsis xyloglucan-specific galacturonosyltransferase are highly expressed only in root hairs. A mannose-rich polysaccharide was also detected only in root hair cell walls. Our data demonstrate that the walls of tip-growing root hairs cells have structural features that distinguish them from the walls of other roots cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Muszyński
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Malcolm A O'Neill
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Easwaran Ramasamy
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Utku Avci
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Maria J Peña
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Marc Libault
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Md Shakhawat Hossain
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Laurent Brechenmacher
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Southern Alberta Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - William S York
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Rommel M Barbosa
- Instituto de Informática, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Michael G Hahn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Russell W Carlson
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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8
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Structural Diversity and Function of Xyloglucan Sidechain Substituents. PLANTS 2014; 3:526-42. [PMID: 27135518 PMCID: PMC4844278 DOI: 10.3390/plants3040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Xyloglucan (XyG) is a hemicellulose found in the cell walls of all land plants including early-divergent groups such as liverworts, hornworts and mosses. The basic structure of XyG, a xylosylated glucan, is similar in all of these plants but additional substituents can vary depending on plant family, tissue, and developmental stage. A comprehensive list of known XyG sidechain substituents is assembled including their occurrence within plant families, thereby providing insight into the evolutionary origin of the various sidechains. Recent advances in DNA sequencing have enabled comparative genomics approaches for the identification of XyG biosynthetic enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana as well as in non-model plant species. Characterization of these biosynthetic genes not only allows the determination of their substrate specificity but also provides insights into the function of the various substituents in plant growth and development.
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Mishra A, Joshi M, Jha B. Oligosaccharide mass profiling of nutritionally important Salicornia brachiata, an extreme halophyte. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:1942-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Isolation and characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides from legume by-products: Okara (soymilk residue), pea pod and broad bean pod. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Yang L, Wang Z, Huang L. Isolation and structural characterization of a polysaccharide FCAP1 from the fruit of Cornus officinalis. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1909-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Mateos-Aparicio I, Mateos-Peinado C, Jiménez-Escrig A, Rupérez P. Multifunctional antioxidant activity of polysaccharide fractions from the soybean byproduct okara. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Hilz H, de Jong LE, Kabel MA, Verhoef R, Schols HA, Voragen AGJ. Bilberry xyloglucan--novel building blocks containing beta-xylose within a complex structure. Carbohydr Res 2006; 342:170-81. [PMID: 17204260 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bilberries are known to have one of the most complex xyloglucan structures described in the plant kingdom until now. To characterise this structure, xyloglucans were enzymatically degraded and the oligosaccharides obtained were analysed. More than 20 different building blocks were found to make up the xyloglucan polymer. Bilberry xyloglucan was of XXXG-type, but some XXG-type oligomers were present, as well. The building blocks contain galactose-xylose (L) and fucose-galactose-xylose (F) side chains. In both side chains, the galactose units can be acetylated. In addition, beta-xylose-alpha-xylose (U) side chains were shown. This U chain was present in three building blocks described before (XUXG, XLUG and XUFG) and four novel blocks that have not been described in the literature previously: XUG, XUUG, XLUG and XXUG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Hilz
- Wageningen University, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hilz H, de Jong LE, Kabel MA, Schols HA, Voragen AGJ. A comparison of liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry methods to determine xyloglucan structures in black currants. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1133:275-86. [PMID: 16962126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Different separation (HPAEC, RP-HPLC, CE) and identification (MALDI-TOF-MS, ESI-MS(n)) techniques were compared to analyse oligosaccharides obtained after incubation of xyloglucan with endo-glucanase. It was possible to analyse xyloglucan oligosaccharides with each technique. Several techniques, including off line (HPAEC-MALDI-TOF-MS) or online (CE-ESI-MS(n), RP-HPLC-ESI-MS(n)) connection provided complementary information on xyloglucan structure. Online CE-MS and RP-HPLC-MS are described for the first time in xyloglucan analysis. Advantages and disadvantages of the techniques for different purposes such as structural characterisation of oligosaccharides or oligosaccharide profiling are discussed. Black currant xyloglucans had a rather simple XXXG-type structure with galactose and fucose containing side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Hilz
- Wageningen University, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update covering the period 1999-2000. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:595-662. [PMID: 16642463 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and continues coverage of the field from the previous review published in 1999 (D. J. Harvey, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of carbohydrates, 1999, Mass Spectrom Rev, 18:349-451) for the period 1999-2000. As MALDI mass spectrometry is acquiring the status of a mature technique in this field, there has been a greater emphasis on applications rather than to method development as opposed to the previous review. The present review covers applications to plant-derived carbohydrates, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, mucins, glycosaminoglycans, bacterial glycolipids, glycosphingolipids, glycoglycerolipids and related compounds, and glycosides. Applications of MALDI mass spectrometry to the study of enzymes acting on carbohydrates (glycosyltransferases and glycosidases) and to the synthesis of carbohydrates, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
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Shiga TM, Lajolo FM. Cell wall polysaccharides of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)—composition and structure. Carbohydr Polym 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Hoffman M, Jia Z, Peña MJ, Cash M, Harper A, Blackburn AR, Darvill A, York WS. Structural analysis of xyloglucans in the primary cell walls of plants in the subclass Asteridae. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:1826-40. [PMID: 15975566 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The structures of xyloglucans from several plants in the subclass Asteridae were examined to determine how their structures vary in different taxonomic orders. Xyloglucans, solubilized from plant cell walls by a sequential (enzymatic and chemical) extraction procedure, were isolated, and their structures were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. All campanulids examined, including Lactuca sativa (lettuce, order Asterales), Tenacetum ptarmiciflorum (dusty miller, order Asterales), and Daucus carota (carrot, order Apiales), produce typical xyloglucans that have an XXXG-type branching pattern and contain alpha-d-Xylp-, beta-D-Galp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Xylp-, and alpha-L-Fucp-(1-->2)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Xylp- side chains. However, the lamiids produce atypical xyloglucans. For example, previous analyses showed that Capsicum annum (pepper) and Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), two species in the order Solanales, and Olea europaea (olive, order Lamiales) produce xyloglucans that contain arabinosyl and galactosyl residues, but lack fucosyl residues. The XXGG-type xyloglucans produced by Solanaceous species are less branched than the XXXG-type xyloglucan produced by Olea europaea. This study shows that Ipomoea pupurea (morning glory, order Solanales), Ocimum basilicum (basil, order Lamiales), and Plantago major (plantain, order Lamiales) all produce xyloglucans that lack fucosyl residues and have an unusual XXGGG-type branching pattern in which the basic repeating core contains five glucose subunits in the backbone. Furthermore, Neruim oleander (order Gentianales) produces an XXXG-type xyloglucan that contains arabinosyl, galactosyl, and fucosyl residues. The appearance of this intermediate xyloglucan structure in oleander has implications regarding the evolutionary development of xyloglucan structure and its role in primary plant cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Hoffman
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602-4712, USA
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Doco T, Williams P, Pauly M, O'Neill MA, Pellerin P. Polysaccharides from grape berry cell walls. Part II. Structural characterization of the xyloglucan polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(03)00072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Fibres in rabbit feeding for digestive troubles prevention: respective role of low-digested and digestible fibre. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-6226(02)00301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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de Vries RP, Visser J. Aspergillus enzymes involved in degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2001; 65:497-522, table of contents. [PMID: 11729262 PMCID: PMC99039 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.65.4.497-522.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides is of major importance in the food and feed, beverage, textile, and paper and pulp industries, as well as in several other industrial production processes. Enzymatic degradation of these polymers has received attention for many years and is becoming a more and more attractive alternative to chemical and mechanical processes. Over the past 15 years, much progress has been made in elucidating the structural characteristics of these polysaccharides and in characterizing the enzymes involved in their degradation and the genes of biotechnologically relevant microorganisms encoding these enzymes. The members of the fungal genus Aspergillus are commonly used for the production of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. This genus produces a wide spectrum of cell wall-degrading enzymes, allowing not only complete degradation of the polysaccharides but also tailored modifications by using specific enzymes purified from these fungi. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes from aspergilli and the genes by which they are encoded.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P de Vries
- Molecular Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms, Wageningen University, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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