1
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Wu YY, Lai HF, Huang TC, Chen YG, Ye RH, Chang PY, Lai SW, Chen YC, Lee CH, Liu WN, Dai MS, Chen JH, Ho CL, Chiu YL. Aberrantly reduced expression of miR-342-5p contributes to CCND1-associated chronic myeloid leukemia progression and imatinib resistance. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:908. [PMID: 34611140 PMCID: PMC8492784 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder associated with the Philadelphia chromosome, and the current standard of care is the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, some patients will not achieve a molecular response and may progress to blast crisis, and the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. In this study, next-generation sequencing was used to explore endogenous miRNAs in CML patients versus healthy volunteers, and miR-342-5p was identified as the primary target. We found that miR-342-5p was downregulated in CML patients and had a significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in CML. Through a luciferase reporter system, miR-342-5p was reported to target the 3'-UTR domain of CCND1 and downregulated its expression. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-342-5p enhanced imatinib-induced DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis. Finally, by analyzing clinical databases, we further confirmed that miR-342-5p was associated with predicted molecular responses in CML patients. In conclusion, we found that both in vivo and in vitro experiments and database cohorts showed that miR-342-5p plays a key role in CML patients, indicating that miR-342-5p may be a potential target for future CML treatment or prognostic evaluation.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cyclin D1/genetics
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Ontology
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukocytes/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Wu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Fan Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Chuan Huang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Guang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ren-Hua Ye
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Ying Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiue-Wei Lai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yeu-Chin Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cho-Hao Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Nung Liu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Shen Dai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Liang Ho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, 11490, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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2
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Selvaraju K, Lotfi K, Gubat J, Miquel M, Nilsson A, Hill J, Jensen LD, Linder S, D’Arcy P. Sensitivity of Acute Myelocytic Leukemia Cells to the Dienone Compound VLX1570 Is Associated with Inhibition of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091339. [PMID: 34572552 PMCID: PMC8470745 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dienone compounds with a 1,5-diaryl-3-oxo-1,4-pentadienyl pharmacophore have been widely reported to show tumor cell selectivity. These compounds target the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), known to be essential for the viability of tumor cells. The induction of oxidative stress, depletion of glutathione, and induction of high-molecular-weight (HMW) complexes have also been reported. We here examined the response of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells to the dienone compound VLX1570. AML cells have relatively high protein turnover rates and have also been reported to be sensitive to depletion of reduced glutathione. We found AML cells of diverse cytogenetic backgrounds to be sensitive to VLX1570, with drug exposure resulting in an accumulation of ubiquitin complexes, induction of ER stress, and the loss of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Caspase activation was observed but was not required for the loss of cell viability. Glutathione depletion was also observed but did not correlate to VLX1570 sensitivity. Formation of HMW complexes occurred at higher concentrations of VLX1570 than those required for the loss of cell viability and was not enhanced by glutathione depletion. To study the effect of VLX1570 we developed a zebrafish PDX model of AML and confirmed antigrowth activity in vivo. Our results show that VLX1570 induces UPS inhibition in AML cells and encourage further work in developing compounds useful for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Selvaraju
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (K.S.); (K.L.); (J.G.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (J.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Kourosh Lotfi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (K.S.); (K.L.); (J.G.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (J.H.); (S.L.)
- Department of Hematology, Linköping University Hospital, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johannes Gubat
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (K.S.); (K.L.); (J.G.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (J.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Miquel
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (K.S.); (K.L.); (J.G.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (J.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Amanda Nilsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (K.S.); (K.L.); (J.G.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (J.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Julia Hill
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (K.S.); (K.L.); (J.G.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (J.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Lasse D. Jensen
- Department of Health, Medical and Caring Sciences (HMV), Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (K.S.); (K.L.); (J.G.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (J.H.); (S.L.)
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pádraig D’Arcy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (K.S.); (K.L.); (J.G.); (M.M.); (A.N.); (J.H.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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A Comparison of p53 Isoform Profiles and Apoptosis Induced by Camptothecin or a Herbal Khat Extract ( Catha Edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl.) in Leukemic Cell Lines: Exploring Cellular Responses in Therapy Development. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123596. [PMID: 33271840 PMCID: PMC7760143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aimed at exploring the modulations of p53 in cell toxicity induced by an extract of the herb khat, a natural stimulant used by millions of people. We previously reported that khat-extract induced cell death by affecting mitochondrial function and the receptor- and mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, in leukemic cell lines and cells of the oral cavity, in vitro. We included the cancer therapeutic camptothecin, which induces apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. By studying modulations of p53 full-length protein and p53 β/γ isoforms following exposure to khat-extract and camptothecin, we wished to elucidate differences and similarities resulting from the treatments using MOLM-13 and MV-4-11 leukemic cell lines. Our results demonstrate that molecular effects of the cytotoxic treatments resulted in different p53 isoforms patterns and post-translational modifications. We suggest that analysis of p53 modulations could be useful in the search for new chemical probes and experimental cancer therapeutics. Abstract Khat (Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl.) is habitually used as a natural stimulant by millions of people, but is associated with adverse effects on gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and central neural systems. At the cellular level khat toxicity involves p53 induction and cell cycle arrest, decreased mitochondrial function and activation of receptor- and mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways. In this study we have examined an extract of khat for induction of p53 post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the functional role of p53 in khat-mediated cell death. Khat was shown to induce phosphorylation and acetylation of p53 in both the khat-sensitive MOLM-13 and the khat-resistant MV-4-11 cell line, but accumulation of the full-length p53 isoform was only observed in the khat sensitive cell line. Small molecule inhibitors of p38 MAP kinase sensitized MV-4-11 cells for khat-treatment without concomitant stabilization of p53. Experiments using a p53 knock-down cell line and murine p53 knock-out bone marrow cells indicated that p53 was redundant in khat-mediated cell death in vitro. We suggest that analysis of isoform patterns and p53 PTMs are useful for elucidation of biological effects of complex plant extracts, and that p53 protein analysis is particularly useful in the search for new chemical probes and experimental cancer therapeutics.
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4
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McKenzie MD, Ghisi M, Oxley EP, Ngo S, Cimmino L, Esnault C, Liu R, Salmon JM, Bell CC, Ahmed N, Erlichster M, Witkowski MT, Liu GJ, Chopin M, Dakic A, Simankowicz E, Pomilio G, Vu T, Krsmanovic P, Su S, Tian L, Baldwin TM, Zalcenstein DA, DiRago L, Wang S, Metcalf D, Johnstone RW, Croker BA, Lancaster GI, Murphy AJ, Naik SH, Nutt SL, Pospisil V, Schroeder T, Wall M, Dawson MA, Wei AH, de Thé H, Ritchie ME, Zuber J, Dickins RA. Interconversion between Tumorigenic and Differentiated States in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 25:258-272.e9. [PMID: 31374198 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are composed of phenotypically heterogeneous cancer cells that often resemble various differentiation states of their lineage of origin. Within this hierarchy, it is thought that an immature subpopulation of tumor-propagating cancer stem cells (CSCs) differentiates into non-tumorigenic progeny, providing a rationale for therapeutic strategies that specifically eradicate CSCs or induce their differentiation. The clinical success of these approaches depends on CSC differentiation being unidirectional rather than reversible, yet this question remains unresolved even in prototypically hierarchical malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show in murine and human models of AML that, upon perturbation of endogenous expression of the lineage-determining transcription factor PU.1 or withdrawal of established differentiation therapies, some mature leukemia cells can de-differentiate and reacquire clonogenic and leukemogenic properties. Our results reveal plasticity of CSC maturation in AML, highlighting the need to therapeutically eradicate cancer cells across a range of differentiation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D McKenzie
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Margherita Ghisi
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ethan P Oxley
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Steven Ngo
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1(st) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Cécile Esnault
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St. Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica M Salmon
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Charles C Bell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nouraiz Ahmed
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Erlichster
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew T Witkowski
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1(st) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Grace J Liu
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael Chopin
- Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Aleksandar Dakic
- Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Emilia Simankowicz
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Giovanna Pomilio
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Tina Vu
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Pavle Krsmanovic
- Institute of Pathological Physiology and Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shian Su
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Luyi Tian
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tracey M Baldwin
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniela A Zalcenstein
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ladina DiRago
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Metcalf
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ben A Croker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graeme I Lancaster
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shalin H Naik
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Vitek Pospisil
- Institute of Pathological Physiology and Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meaghan Wall
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Mark A Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St. Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Campus Vienna Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ross A Dickins
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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5
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Wang LN, Tang YL, Zhang YC, Zhang ZH, Liu XJ, Ke ZY, Li Y, Tan HZ, Huang LB, Luo XQ. Arsenic trioxide and all-trans-retinoic acid selectively exert synergistic cytotoxicity against FLT3-ITD AML cells via co-inhibition of FLT3 signaling pathways. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:2426-2438. [PMID: 28276286 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1289522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
FLT3-ITD mutations occur in approximately 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with a poor outcome. Currently available FLT3 inhibitors have in vitro but limited clinical activity in FLT3-ITD AML. Reports have shown that an arsenic trioxide (ATO)/all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) combination improves prognosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia, especially with FLT3-ITD, and ATO or ATRA alone enhances apoptosis in FLT3-ITD AML cells treated with FLT3 inhibitors, providing a rationale to investigate the role of ATO/ATRA in FLT3-ITD AML. Here, we demonstrate that an ATO/ATRA combination selectively exerts synergistic cytotoxicity against FLT3-ITD AML cell lines (MV4;11/MOLM-13). The signaling pathways affected by ATO/ATRA include FLT3/STAT5/MYC, FLT3/STAT5/E2F1, FLT3/ERK/ATF5 and FLT3/AKT/ATF5.ATF5 may function as an oncogene in FLT3-ITD AML. Our findings provide experimental evidence that supports further exploration of ATO/ATRA in FLT3-ITD AML in vivo and warrants a clinical evaluation of regimens comprising an ATO/ATRA combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Wang
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yan-Lai Tang
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yin-Chuan Zhang
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zu-Han Zhang
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Jian Liu
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhi-Yong Ke
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yu Li
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hui-Zhen Tan
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li-Bin Huang
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xue-Qun Luo
- a Department of Pediatrics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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6
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Chotirat S, Suriyo T, Hokland M, Hokland P, Satayavivad J, Auewarakul CU. Cholinergic activation enhances retinoic acid-induced differentiation in the human NB-4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2016; 59:77-84. [PMID: 27282572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The non-neuronal cholinergic system (NNCS) has been shown to play a role in regulating hematopoietic differentiation. We determined the expression of cholinergic components in leukemic cell lines by Western blotting and in normal leukocyte subsets by flow cytometry and found a heterogeneous expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), choline transporter (CHT), M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3-mAChR) and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR). We then evaluated NNCS role in differentiation of human NB-4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line and discovered a dramatic induction of M3-mAChR after all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment (p<0.0001). Adding carbachol which is a cholinergic agonist to the ATRA treatment resulted in an increase of a granulocytic differentiation marker (CD11b) as compared with ATRA treatment alone (p<0.05), indicating that cholinergic activation enhanced ATRA in inducing NB-4 maturation. The combination of carbachol and ATRA treatment for 72h also resulted in decreased viability and increased cleaved caspase-3 expression when compared with ATRA treatment alone (p<0.05). However, this combination did not cause poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Overall, we have shown that NB-4 cells expressed M3-mAChR in a differentiation-dependent manner and cholinergic stimulation induced maturation and death of ATRA-induced differentiated NB-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadudee Chotirat
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Tawit Suriyo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Marianne Hokland
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
| | - Peter Hokland
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Office of Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Chirayu U Auewarakul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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7
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Sulfonoquinovosyl diacylglyceride selectively targets acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and exerts potent anti-leukemic effects in vivo. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12082. [PMID: 26189912 PMCID: PMC4507174 DOI: 10.1038/srep12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors e.g. doxorubicin and etoposide are currently
used in the chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These inhibitors
have serious side effects during the chemotherapy e.g. cardiotoxicity and
secondary malignancies. In this study we show that sulfonoquinovosyl diacylglyceride
(SQDG) isolated from Azadirachta indica exerts potent anti-ALL activity both
in vitro and in vivo in nude mice and it synergizes with
doxorubicin and etoposide. SQDG selectively targets ALL MOLT-4 cells by inhibiting
catalytic activity of topoisomerase I enzyme and inducing p53 dependent apoptotic
pathway. SQDG treatment induces recruitment of ATR at chromatin and arrests the
cells in S-phase. Down-regulation of topoisomerase I or p53 renders the cells less
sensitive for SQDG, while ectopic expression of wild type p53 protein in p53
deficient K562 cells results in chemosensitization of the cells for SQDG. We also
show that constant ratio combinations of SQDG and etoposide or SDQG and doxorubicin
exert synergistic effects on MOLT-4 cell killing. This study suggests that doses of
etoposide/doxorubicin can be substantially reduced by combining SQDG with these
agents during ALL chemotherapy and side effects caused can be minimized. Thus dual
targeting of topoisomerase I and II enzymes is a promising strategy for improving
ALL chemotherapy.
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8
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Gañán-Gómez I, Estañ-Omaña MC, Sancho P, Aller P, Boyano-Adánez MC. Mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis in the human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line NB4. Ann Hematol 2014; 94:379-92. [PMID: 25322811 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current frontline therapies have improved overall survival in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients to exceptional rates; however, relapse is still a problem among high-risk and old patients. Therefore, the development of better and safer therapies continues to be a goal in the treatment of this disease. In the present work, we examined three different pathways that hinder cell death in the APL cell line NB4, shedding light on the mechanisms that underlie resistance to apoptosis in these cells and that might help provide them with a proliferative advantage. We found that the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 specifically induces in NB4 cells an Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response which counteracts mitochondria-dependent apoptosis induced by the lipophilic cation dequalinium. More importantly, we also demonstrated that high basal autophagy levels and the gain-of-function of mutant p53 are intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis in this cell line. According to our results, the pharmacological inhibition of autophagy and p53 mutants are useful tools to explore resistance to apoptosis in APL and other types of cancer and could be the bases of new therapeutic approaches that improve the efficiency and allow dose reduction of the current treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Dequalinium/administration & dosage
- Dequalinium/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Leupeptins/administration & dosage
- Leupeptins/pharmacology
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gañán-Gómez
- Department of System Biology, Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá (UAH), Carretera Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6 s/n, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Bai Y, Lu Z, Lin Y, Sun B, Wang S, Wang G. Restoration of INK4a/ARF gene inhibits cell growth and cooperates with imatinib mesylate in Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemias. Oncol Res 2014; 21:23-31. [PMID: 24330849 DOI: 10.3727/096504013x13786659070271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors expressing p16(INK4a) or p14(ARF) were used to infect at high-efficiency Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive leukemia cell lines lacking endogenous transcripts. Restoration of p16(INK4a) accumulated cells in the G0/G1 phase of cell cycle and restoration of p14(ARF) induced their apoptosis, followed by significant growth inhibition. Transduction of primary blast cells from chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis (CML-BC) and Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with p16(INK4a) or p14(ARF) virus also resulted in cell growth inhibition and/or apoptosis with a patient-to-patient variation, whereas clonal growth and differentiation of cord blood progenitor cells were not affected by enforced expression of INK4a/ARF. Furthermore, upon viral transduction at low multiplicity of infection, INK4a/ARF potentiated the effect of imatinib mesylate on Ph-positive leukemia cell lines in an additive but not synergistic manner. These results suggest that INK4a/ARF protein-mimetic agents may be promising options for Ph-positive leukemias in combination with imatinib mesylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansong Bai
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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10
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Huang Y, Wolf S, Beck B, Köhler LM, Khoury K, Popowicz GM, Goda SK, Subklewe M, Twarda A, Holak TA, Dömling A. Discovery of highly potent p53-MDM2 antagonists and structural basis for anti-acute myeloid leukemia activities. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:802-11. [PMID: 24405416 PMCID: PMC3985958 DOI: 10.1021/cb400728e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The inhibition of p53-MDM2 interaction
is a promising new approach
to non-genotoxic cancer treatment. A potential application for drugs
blocking the p53-MDM2 interaction is acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
due to the occurrence of wild type p53 (wt p53) in the majority of
patients. Although there are very promising preclinical results of
several p53-MDM2 antagonists in early development, none of the compounds
have yet proven the utility as a next generation anticancer agent.
Herein we report the design, synthesis and optimization of YH239-EE
(ethyl ester of the free carboxylic acid compound YH239), a potent
p53-MDM2 antagonizing and apoptosis-inducing agent characterized by
a number of leukemia cell lines as well as patient-derived AML blast
samples. The structural basis of the interaction between MDM2 (the
p53 receptor) and YH239 is elucidated by a co-crystal structure. YH239-EE
acts as a prodrug and is the most potent compound that induces apoptosis
in AML cells and patient samples. The observed superior activity compared
to reference compounds provides the preclinical basis for further
investigation and progression of YH239-EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Huang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Siglinde Wolf
- Max Plank Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Beck
- Clinical Cooperation
Group Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 München, Germany
- Department
of Internal Medicine III, University of Munich, Campus Großhadern,
Marchininistrasse 15, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Lisa-Maria Köhler
- Clinical Cooperation
Group Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Kareem Khoury
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Grzegorz M. Popowicz
- Max Plank Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sayed K Goda
- Protein
Engineering Unit, Anti-Doping Laboratory-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Clinical Cooperation
Group Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 München, Germany
- Department
of Internal Medicine III, University of Munich, Campus Großhadern,
Marchininistrasse 15, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Twarda
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tad A. Holak
- Max Plank Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Cracow, Poland
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department
for Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Dai Y, Chen S, Kmieciak M, Zhou L, Lin H, Pei XY, Grant S. The novel Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776 sensitizes human leukemia cells to HDAC inhibitors by targeting the intra-S checkpoint and DNA replication and repair. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:878-89. [PMID: 23536721 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between the novel Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (HDACI) vorinostat were examined in human leukemia cells harboring wild-type (wt) or deficient p53. MK-8776 synergistically potentiated vorinostat-mediated apoptosis in various p53-wt or -deficient leukemia cell lines, whereas p53 knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sensitized p53-wt cells to lethality of this regimen. Leukemia cell lines carrying FLT3-ITD were also sensitive to the MK-8776/vorinostat regimen. Synergistic interactions were associated with inhibition of Chk1 activity, interference with the intra-S-phase checkpoint, disruption of DNA replication, and downregulation of proteins involved in DNA replication (e.g., Cdt1) and repair (e.g., CtIP and BRCA1), resulting in sharp increases in DNA damage, reflected by enhanced γ-H2A.X formation, and apoptosis. Moreover, leukemia cells expressing kinase-dead Chk1 (D130A) or Chk1 shRNA were significantly more sensitive to HDACIs compared with their wt counterparts and displayed downregulation of CtIP and BRCA1 phosphorylation following HDACI exposure. Finally, the MK-8776/vorinostat regimen was active in primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts, particularly against the CD34(+)/CD38(-)/CD123(+) population enriched for leukemia-initiating cells. In contrast, identical regimens were relatively sparing toward normal cord blood CD34(+) cells. Together, these findings indicate that the novel Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776 markedly potentiates HDACI lethality in leukemia cells displaying various genetic backgrounds through mechanisms involving disruption of the intra-S checkpoint, DNA replication, and DNA repair. They also argue that leukemic cells, including those bearing oncogenic mutations associated with poor prognosis, for example, p53 deletion/mutation or FLT3-ITD, may also be susceptible to this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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12
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Ferracin M, Zagatti B, Rizzotto L, Cavazzini F, Veronese A, Ciccone M, Saccenti E, Lupini L, Grilli A, De Angeli C, Negrini M, Cuneo A. MicroRNAs involvement in fludarabine refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:123. [PMID: 20504344 PMCID: PMC2892453 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fludarabine, is one of the most active single agents in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Over time, however, virtually all CLL patients become fludarabine-refractory. To elucidate whether microRNAs are involved in the development of fludarabine resistance, we analyzed the expression of 723 human miRNAs before and 5-days after fludarabine mono-therapy in 17 CLL patients which were classified as responder or refractory to fludarabine treatment based on NCI criteria. Results By comparing the expression profiles of these two groups of patients, we identified a microRNA signature able to distinguish refractory from sensitive CLLs. The expression of some microRNAs was also able to predict fludarabine resistance of 12 independent CLL patients. Among the identified microRNAs, miR-148a, miR-222 and miR-21 exhibited a significantly higher expression in non-responder patients either before and after fludarabine treatment. After performing messenger RNA expression profile of the same patients, the activation of p53-responsive genes was detected in fludarabine responsive cases only, therefore suggesting a possible mechanism linked to microRNA deregulation in non-responder patients. Importantly, inhibition of miR-21 and miR-222 by anti-miRNA oligonucleotides induced a significant increase in caspase activity in fludarabine-treated p53-mutant MEG-01 cells, suggesting that miR-21 and miR-222 up-regulation may be involved in the establishment of fludarabine resistance. Conclusions This is the first report that reveals the existence of a microRNA profile that differentiate refractory and sensitive CLLs, either before and after fludarabine mono-therapy. A p53 dysfunctional pathway emerged in refractory CLLs and could contribute in explaining the observed miRNA profile. Moreover, this work indicates that specific microRNAs can be used to predict fludarabine resistance and may potentially be used as therapeutic targets, therefore establishing an important starting point for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ferracin
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Diagnostica Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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13
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Bredholt T, Dimba EA, Hagland HR, Wergeland L, Skavland J, Fossan KO, Tronstad KJ, Johannessen AC, Vintermyr OK, Gjertsen BT. Camptothecin and khat (Catha edulis Forsk.) induced distinct cell death phenotypes involving modulation of c-FLIPL, Mcl-1, procaspase-8 and mitochondrial function in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:101. [PMID: 19912650 PMCID: PMC2781802 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An organic extract of the recreational herb khat (Catha edulis Forsk.) triggers cell death in various leukemia cell lines in vitro. The chemotherapeutics camptothecin, a plant alkaloid topoisomerase I inhibitor, was tested side-by-side with khat in a panel of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity. Results Khat had a profound effect on MOLM-13 cells inducing mitochondrial damage, chromatin margination and morphological features of autophagy. The effects of khat on mitochondrial ultrastructure in MOLM-13 correlated with strongly impaired routine respiration, an effect neither found in the khat-resistant MV-4-11 cells nor in camptothecin treated cells. Enforced expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein provided protection against camptothecin-induced cell death and partly against khat toxicity. Khat-induced cell death in MOLM-13 cells included reduced levels of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein, while both khat and camptothecin induced c-FLIPL cleavage and procaspase-8 activation. Conclusion Khat activated a distinct cell death pathway in sensitive leukemic cells as compared to camptothecin, involving mitochondrial damage and morphological features of autophagy. This suggests that khat should be further explored in the search for novel experimental therapeutics.
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14
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Yedjou CG, Tchounwou PB. Modulation of p53, c-fos, RARE, cyclin A, and cyclin D1 expression in human leukemia (HL-60) cells exposed to arsenic trioxide. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 331:207-14. [PMID: 19444595 PMCID: PMC2855208 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) has recently been successfully used to treat all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) resistant relapsing acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, its molecular mechanisms of action are poorly understood. In the present study, we used the human leukemia (HL-60) cell line as a test model to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer properties of As(2)O(3). We hypothesized that As(2)O(3)-induced expression of stress genes and related proteins may play a role in the cellular and molecular events leading to cell cycle modulation in leukemic cells. To test this hypothesis, we performed Western blot analysis to assess the expression of specific cellular response proteins including p53, c-fos, RARE, Cyclin A, and Cyclin D1. Densitometric analysis was performed to determine the relative abundance of these proteins. Western Blot and densitometric analyses demonstrated a strong dose-response relationship with regard to p53 and RARE expression within the dose-range of 0-8 microg/ml. Expression of c-fos was slightly up-regulated at 2 microg/ml, and down-regulated within the dose-range of 4-8 microg/ml. A statistically significant down-regulation of this protein was detected at the 6 and 8 microg/ml dose levels. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in Cyclin D1 expression was found between As(2)O(3)-treated cells and the control. Cyclin A expression in As(2)O(3)-treated HL-60 cells was up-regulated at 6 microg/ml, suggesting that it is required for S phase and passage through G(2) phase in cell cycle progression. Taken together, these results indicate that As(2)O(3) has the potential to induce cell cycle arrest through activation of the 53-kDa tumor suppressor protein and repression of the c-fos transcription factor. Up-regulation of RARE by As(2)O(3) indicates that its cytotoxicity may be mediated through interaction/binding with the retinoic acid receptor, and subsequent inhibition of growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement G. Yedjou
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18540, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box 18540, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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15
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Haupt S, di Agostino S, Mizrahi I, Alsheich-Bartok O, Voorhoeve M, Damalas A, Blandino G, Haupt Y. Promyelocytic leukemia protein is required for gain of function by mutant p53. Cancer Res 2009; 69:4818-26. [PMID: 19487292 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor are the most common genetic events in human cancer. These mutations not only result in a loss of wild-type p53 activity, but can also lead to a gain of new oncogenic properties. Understanding how these gained functions are regulated is in its infancy. In this study, we show that the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is an important regulator of mutant p53. We show that PML interacts with mutant p53. Importantly, PML enhances the transcriptional activity of mutant p53. Unexpectedly, PML is required for the proliferation and colony formation of cancer cells bearing mutant p53. Down-regulation of PML expression inhibits the growth of mutant p53-expressing cancer cells, predominantly by promoting cell cycle arrest. Our results suggest that the tumor suppression function of PML depends on the status of p53. In the context of mutant p53, PML enhances its cancer-promoting activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Haupt
- Research Division, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Liu JH, Liu CC, Yen CC, Gau JP, Wang WS, Tzeng CH. Pml and TAp73 interacting at nuclear body mediate imatinib-induced p53-independent apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:71-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Tamm I, Wagner M, Schmelz K. Decitabine activates specific caspases downstream of p73 in myeloid leukemia. Ann Hematol 2007; 84 Suppl 1:47-53. [PMID: 16193303 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-005-0013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The demethylating effect of 5-aza-2' deoxycytidine (decitabine, DAC) has been well characterized. The molecular events downstream of methylation inhibition are less well known. Here, DAC was shown to induce apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells (p53 mutant and wild type) but not in epithelial or normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Apoptosis was characterized by activation of the mitochondrial but not the receptor death pathway, as demonstrated by the release of cytochrome c and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blotting and enzyme assays showed that caspase-3, but not caspase-6 or caspase-8, were activated. Decitabine induced expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21, arresting AML cell lines in G1 of the cell cycle. Expression of p21 was induced irrespective of the methylation status of its promoter, mediated instead via reexpression of the tumor suppressor p73, an upstream regulator of p21. The promoter of p73 was hypermethylated in AML cell lines in vitro and in primary AML cells ex vivo but not in DAC-resistant epithelial cells. In conclusion, DAC acts on leukemic myeloid cells via caspase activation, which may be dependent on demethylation of the hypermethylated p73 promoter and consequent reexpression of p73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Tamm
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charité, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Wergeland L, Sjøholt G, Haaland I, Hovland R, Bruserud Ø, Gjertsen BT. Pre-apoptotic response to therapeutic DNA damage involves protein modulation of Mcl-1, Hdm2 and Flt3 in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Cancer 2007; 6:33. [PMID: 17498302 PMCID: PMC1876473 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-6-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are characterized by non-mutated TP53, high levels of Hdm2, and frequent mutation of the Flt3 receptor tyrosine kinase. The juxtamembrane mutation of FLT3 is the strongest independent marker for disease relapse and is associated with elevated Bcl-2 protein and p53 hyper-phosphorylation in AML. DNA damage forms the basic mechanism of cancer cell eradication in current therapy of AML. Hdm2 and pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 members are among the most intensely induced genes immediately after chemotherapy and Hdm2 is proposed a role in receptor tyrosine kinase regulation. Thus we examined the DNA damage related modulation of these proteins in relation to FLT3 mutational status and induction of apoptosis. RESULTS Within one hour after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), the AML cells (NB4, MV4-11, HL-60, primary AML cells) showed an increase in Flt3 protein independent of mRNA levels, while the Hdm2 protein decreased. The FLT3 mutant MV4-11 cells were resistant to IR accompanied by presence of both Mcl-1 and Hdm2 protein three hours after IR. In contrast, the FLT3 wild type NB4 cells responded to IR with apoptosis and pre-apoptotic Mcl-1 down regulation. Daunorubicin (DNR) induced continuing down regulation of Hdm2 and Mcl-1 in both cell lines followed by apoptosis. CONCLUSION Both IR and DNR treatment resulted in concerted protein modulations of Mcl-1, Hdm2 and Flt3. Cell death induction was associated with persistent attenuation of Mcl-1 and Hdm2. These observations suggest that defining the pathway(s) modulating Flt3, Hdm2 and Mcl-1 may propose new strategies to optimize therapy for the relapse prone FLT3 mutated AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Wergeland
- Institute of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Gry Sjøholt
- Institute of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Haaland
- Institute of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Randi Hovland
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Proteomic Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Institute of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Institute of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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19
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Masarík M, Cahová K, Kizek R, Palecek E, Fojta M. Label-free voltammetric detection of single-nucleotide mismatches recognized by the protein MutS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:259-70. [PMID: 17333147 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MutS, a protein involved in DNA mismatch repair, recognizes mispaired and unpaired bases in duplex DNA. We have previously used MutS in an electrochemical double-surface technique (DST) for in-vitro detection of point mutations in DNA. The DST involved binding of unlabeled MutS to DNA heteroduplexes at the surface of magnetic beads followed by a highly sensitive electrochemical determination of the protein by measurement of a catalytic protein signal (peak H) at mercury electrodes. Detection of MutS using a peak resulting from oxidation of tyrosine and tryptophan residues of the protein at a carbon-paste electrode (CPE) was also possible but was approximately three orders of magnitude less sensitive. In this work we present an optimized technique for ex-situ voltammetric determination of MutS at a CPE. Choice of optimum experimental conditions (pH of supporting electrolyte, square-wave voltammetry settings, etc.) resulted in substantial improvement of the sensitivity of the assay, enabling detection of approximately 140 pg (1.6 fmol protein monomer) MutS in a 5-microL sample. The sensitivity was increased further by acid hydrolysis of the protein before measurement. The hydrolyzed protein was detectable down to 5 pg (approx. 56 amol) MutS in 5 microL solution. By using the DST combined with determination of the bound unlabeled MutS at the CPE we demonstrated selective interactions of the protein with single-base mismatches and discrimination among different base mispairs in 30-mer or 95-mer DNA duplexes. In agreement with previous studies, binding of the protein to the 30-mer substrates followed the trend G:T>>C:A>A:A>C:T>homoduplex. The electrochemical data were confirmed by use of an independent technique-a quartz-crystal microbalance for real-time monitoring of MutS interactions with DNA duplexes containing different base mispairs. By using the electrochemical DST a G:T mismatch was detectable in up to 1000-fold excess of homoduplex DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Masarík
- Institute of Biophysics v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
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20
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Nahi H, Merup M, Lehmann S, Bengtzen S, Möllgård L, Selivanova G, Wiman KG, Paul C. PRIMA-1 induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukaemia cells with p53 gene deletion. Br J Haematol 2006; 132:230-6. [PMID: 16398657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The p53 tumour suppressor gene located on chromosome 17p13 is the most frequently mutated gene in human tumours. About 5-8% of cases with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) carry the p53 mutation. Recently, the compound p53-dependent reactivation and induction of massive apoptosis (PRIMA-1) has been shown to induce cytotoxic effects and apoptosis in human tumour cells by restoration of the transcriptional activity of mutated p53. This is believed to be mediated by a change in the conformation of mutated p53 protein, restoring DNA binding and activation of p53 target genes. We studied the effects of PRIMA-1 and commonly used antileukaemic drugs on AML cells from 62 patients. Cells were obtained from peripheral blood or bone marrow and were exposed to PRIMA-1, cytarabine, daunorubicin, chlorodeoxyadenosine and fludarabine. This study showed that PRIMA-1 had cytotoxic effects on AML cells. Conventional AML drugs were less effective in cells with hemizygous p53 deletion. Interestingly, our data indicated that PRIMA-1 was more effective in this subgroup of patients compared with patients with normal chromosome 17. Our data suggest that the concept of restoration of p53 protein by PRIMA-1 or a PRIMA-1-based new drug may increase the efficacy of AML treatment in patients with p53 mutations.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Aza Compounds/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Genes, p53
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nahi
- Department of Haematology, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Sweden.
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21
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Kojima K, Konopleva M, Samudio IJ, Shikami M, Cabreira-Hansen M, McQueen T, Ruvolo V, Tsao T, Zeng Z, Vassilev LT, Andreeff M. MDM2 antagonists induce p53-dependent apoptosis in AML: implications for leukemia therapy. Blood 2005; 106:3150-9. [PMID: 16014563 PMCID: PMC1895324 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-02-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although TP53 mutations are rare in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), inactivation of wild-type p53 protein frequently occurs through overexpression of its negative regulator MDM2 (murine double minute 2). Recently, small-molecule antagonists of MDM2, Nutlins, have been developed that inhibit the p53-MDM2 interaction and activate p53 signaling. Here, we study the effects of p53 activation by Nutlin-3 in AML cells. Treatment with MDM2 inhibitor triggered several molecular events consistent with induction of apoptosis: loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase activation, phosphatidylserine externalization, and DNA fragmentation. There was a positive correlation in primary AML samples with wild-type p53 between baseline MDM2 protein levels and apoptosis induced by MDM2 inhibition. No induction of apoptosis was observed in AML samples harboring mutant p53. Colony formation of AML progenitors was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas normal CD34+ progenitor cells were less affected. Mechanistic studies suggested that Nutlin-induced apoptosis was mediated by both transcriptional activation of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, and transcription-independent mitochondrial permeabilization resulting from mitochondrial p53 translocation. MDM2 inhibition synergistically enhanced cytotoxicity of cytosine arabinoside and doxorubicin in AML blasts but not in normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. p53 activation by targeting the p53-MDM2 interaction might offer a novel therapeutic strategy for AML that retain wild-type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kojima
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 448, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Liang H, Samanta S, Nagarajan L. SSBP2, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, induces growth arrest and differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. Oncogene 2005; 24:2625-34. [PMID: 15782145 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is the most common leukemia in adults with clonal proliferation of myeloid stem cells. Two or more cooperating mechanisms, namely block in differentiation, enhanced proliferation and resistance to programmed cell death, underlie this neoplastic transformation. Nonrandom, complete and partial deletions of chromosome 5 are common anomalies in AML. Using positional cloning strategies, we characterized an evolutionarily conserved candidate myeloid leukemia suppressor gene encoding sequence-specific single-stranded DNA binding protein 2 (SSBP2) from chromosome 5q13.3, a locus that is frequently deleted in AML. Recent studies in Drosophila and Xenopus demonstrate a pivotal role for SSBPs in embryonic differentiation. In mammals, SSBP2 is one of three highly related and ubiquitously expressed genes. Here, we identify frequent loss of SSBP2 protein expression in human AML cell lines using highly specific antibodies. Furthermore, inducible expression of SSBP2 in the AML cell line U937 leads to loss of clonogenicity, G1 arrest and partial differentiation. Remarkably, inducible expression of SSBP2 is accompanied by downregulation of C-MYC expression. Our findings are consistent with human SSBP2 being a novel regulator of hematopoietic growth and differentiation, whose loss confers a block in differentiation advantage to myeloid leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 45, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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23
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Schmelz K, Wagner M, Dörken B, Tamm I. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine induces p21WAF expression by demethylation of p73 leading to p53-independent apoptosis in myeloid leukemia. Int J Cancer 2005; 114:683-95. [PMID: 15609309 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) has significant therapeutic value for the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The demethylating effect of 5-Aza-CdR has been well characterized. In contrast, less is known about the molecular events downstream of the methylation inhibition. Here, 5-Aza-CdR induced apoptosis in AML cells (both p53 mutant and wild-type) but not in epithelial or normal PBMCs. Cell death was accompanied by activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, as shown by release of cytochrome c and AIF and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim). Activation of caspase-3 (but not -6 and -8) was detectable using Western blot analysis and measurement of caspase enzymatic activity. 5-Aza-CdR treatment resulted in the induction of p21, which correlated with the arrest of AML cells in the G1 cell cycle phase. Induction of p21 expression was independent of its promoter methylation status but mediated by 5-Aza-CdR-induced reexpression of the tumor-suppressor p73, a known upstream regulator of p21. The p73 promoter was hypermethylated in AML cell lines and in primary AML cells but not in epithelial cells, which were resistant toward 5-Aza-CdR. Therefore, 5-Aza-CdR-mediated specific killing of myeloid cells might be dependent on its ability to revert p73 promoter methylation and to reexpress p73 mRNA. In addition, exogenous expression of p73 rendered epithelial cells sensitive to apoptosis induced by 5-Aza-CdR or other cytostatic drugs. We therefore conclude that p73 is a relevant target for methylation-dependent efficacy of 5-Aza-CdR in AML cells.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Caspase 3
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Cycle Proteins/biosynthesis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- CpG Islands
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
- Cytochromes c/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Decitabine
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- G1 Phase
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- HL-60 Cells
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Membrane Potentials
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sulfites/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tumor Protein p73
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
- U937 Cells
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Schmelz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
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24
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25
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Ito K, Nakazato T, Yamato K, Miyakawa Y, Yamada T, Hozumi N, Segawa K, Ikeda Y, Kizaki M. Induction of apoptosis in leukemic cells by homovanillic acid derivative, capsaicin, through oxidative stress: implication of phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15 residue by reactive oxygen species. Cancer Res 2004; 64:1071-8. [PMID: 14871840 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin (N-vanillyl-8-methyl-1-nonenamide) is a homovanillic acid derivative found in pungent fruits. Several investigators have reported the ability of capsaicin to inhibit events associated with the promotion of cancer. However, the effects of capsaicin on human leukemic cells have never been investigated. We investigated the effects of capsaicin on leukemic cells in vitro and in vivo and further examined the molecular mechanisms of capsaicin-induced apoptosis in myeloid leukemic cells. Capsaicin suppressed the growth of leukemic cells, but not normal bone marrow mononuclear cells, via induction of G(0)-G(1) phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Capsaicin-induced apoptosis was in association with the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species production. Interestingly, capsaicin-sensitive leukemic cells were possessed of wild-type p53, resulting in the phosphorylation of p53 at the Ser-15 residue by the treatment of capsaicin. Abrogation of p53 expression by the antisense oligonucleotides significantly attenuated capsaicin-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cystein and catalase, but not superoxide dismutase, completely inhibited capsaicin-induced apoptosis by inhibiting phosphorylation of Ser-15 residue of p53. Moreover, capsaicin effectively inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in vivo using NOD/SCID mice with no toxic effects. We conclude that capsaicin has potential as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ito
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wiederschain D, Kawai H, Gu J, Shilatifard A, Yuan ZM. Molecular basis of p53 functional inactivation by the leukemic protein MLL-ELL. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:4230-46. [PMID: 12773566 PMCID: PMC156137 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.12.4230-4246.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Eleven Lysine-rich Leukemia (ELL) gene undergoes translocation and fuses in frame to the Multiple Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene in a substantial proportion of patients suffering from acute forms of leukemia. Molecular mechanisms of cellular transformation by the MLL-ELL fusion are not well understood. Although both MLL-ELL and wild-type ELL can reduce functional activity of p53 tumor suppressor, our data reveal that MLL-ELL is a much more efficient inhibitor of p53 than is wild-type ELL. We also demonstrate for the first time that ELL extreme C terminus [ELL(eCT)] is required for the recruitment of p53 into MLL-ELL nuclear foci and is both necessary and sufficient for the MLL-ELL inhibition of p53-mediated induction of p21 and apoptosis. Finally, our results demonstrate that MLL-ELL requires the presence of intact ELL(eCT) in order to disrupt p53 interactions with p300/CBP coactivator and thus significantly reduce p53 acetylation in vivo. Since ELL(eCT) has recently been shown to be both necessary and sufficient for MLL-ELL-mediated transformation of normal blood progenitors, our data correlate ELL(eCT) contribution to MLL-ELL transformative effects with its ability to functionally inhibit p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Wiederschain
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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