1
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Carrara E, Soliveri L, Poloni S, Bozzetto M, Campiglio CE. Effects of high-frequency mechanical stimuli on flow related vascular cell biology. Int J Artif Organs 2024:3913988241268105. [PMID: 39166431 DOI: 10.1177/03913988241268105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical forces related to blood pressure and flow patterns play a crucial role in vascular homeostasis. Perturbations in vascular stresses and strain resulting from changes in hemodynamic may occur in pathological conditions, leading to vascular dysfunction as well as in vascular prosthesis, arteriovenous shunt for hemodialysis and in mechanical circulation support. Turbulent-like blood flows can induce high-frequency vibrations of the vessel wall, and this stimulus has recently gained attention as potential contributors to vascular pathologies, such as development of intimal hyperplasia in arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis. However, the biological response of vascular cells to this stimulus remains incompletely understood. This review provides an analysis of the existing literature concerning the impact of high-frequency stimuli on vascular cell morphology, function, and gene expression. Morphological and functional investigations reveal that vascular cells stimulated at frequencies higher than the normal heart rate exhibit alterations in cell shape, alignment, and proliferation, potentially leading to vessel remodeling. Furthermore, vibrations modulate endothelial and smooth muscle cells gene expression, affecting pathways related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and muscle hypertrophy. Understanding the effects of high-frequency vibrations on vascular cells is essential for unraveling the mechanisms underlying vascular diseases and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Nevertheless, there are still gaps in our understanding of the molecular pathways governing these cellular responses. Further research is necessary to elucidate these mechanisms and their therapeutic implications for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carrara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luca Soliveri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sofia Poloni
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy
| | - Michela Bozzetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Chiara Emma Campiglio
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy
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2
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Hallman M, Treluyer JM, Aikio O, Rozé J. Early closure mechanisms of the ductus arteriosus in immature infants. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:1995-2007. [PMID: 33655615 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM According to experimental studies, cardiopulmonary distress decreases after closure of patent ductus arteriosus. However, early closure of the ductus using ibuprofen or indomethacin has failed to increase survival without serious morbidity. We review relevant data aiming to define optimal early management strategies that promote early closure of ductus arteriosus without serious adverse effects. METHODS Literature in English was searched selectively focusing on the potential of using acetaminophen for early closure of the ductus. RESULTS Prophylactic ibuprofen or indomethacin intended to close the ductus, predisposes infants to ischaemia, bleeding and immune dysfunction. Acetaminophen appears to have a similar efficacy as indomethacin or ibuprofen, and all three dose-dependently constrict the ductus. Ibuprofen and indomethacin cause non-specific inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, while acetaminophen predominantly inhibits prostaglandin E synthesis. Owing to low CYP450 activity in infancy, acetaminophen toxicity has been rarely evident. However, increasing the dosage increases the oxidative stress. We review prophylactic treatments that may increase the safety and efficacy of acetaminophen. These include vitamin A, cysteine and glutamine, and low-dose corticosteroid supplementation. CONCLUSION The current challenge is to define a safe perinatal management practice that promotes cardiorespiratory adaptation in immature infants, particularly the seamless closure of the ductus before significant cardiopulmonary distress develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Hallman
- Department of Pediatrics Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit Medical Research Center University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Jean Marc Treluyer
- Faculté de Médecine Université de Paris Paris France
- CIC‐1419 InsermCochin‐Necker Paris France
| | - Outi Aikio
- Department of Pediatrics Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit Medical Research Center University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Jean‐Christophe Rozé
- Department of Neonatology Nantes University Hospital Nantes France
- Centre d'Investigation ClinIque CIC1413INSERMNantes University Hospital Nantes France
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3
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Westöö C, Norvik C, Peruzzi N, van der Have O, Lovric G, Jeremiasen I, Tran PK, Mokso R, de Jesus Perez V, Brunnström H, Bech M, Galambos C, Tran-Lundmark K. Distinct types of plexiform lesions identified by synchrotron-based phase-contrast micro-CT. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L17-L28. [PMID: 33881927 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00432.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In pulmonary arterial hypertension, plexiform lesions are associated with severe arterial obstruction and right ventricular failure. Exploring their structure and position is crucial for understanding the interplay between hemodynamics and vascular remodeling. The aim of this research was to use synchrotron-based phase-contrast micro-CT to study the three-dimensional structure of plexiform lesions. Archived paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 14 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (13 idiopathic, 1 with known BMPR2-mutation) were imaged. Clinical data showed high-median PVR (12.5 WU) and mPAP (68 mmHg). Vascular lesions with more than 1 lumen were defined as plexiform. Prior radiopaque dye injection in some samples facilitated 3-D rendering. Four distinct types of plexiform lesions were identified: 1) localized within or derived from monopodial branches (supernumerary arteries), often with a connection to the vasa vasorum; 2) localized between pulmonary arteries and larger airways as a tortuous transformation of intrapulmonary bronchopulmonary anastomoses; 3) as spherical structures at unexpected abrupt ends of distal pulmonary arteries; and 4) as occluded pulmonary arteries with recanalization. By appearance and localization, types 1-2 potentially relieve pressure via the bronchial circulation, as pulmonary arteries in these patients were almost invariably occluded distally. In addition, types 1-3 were often surrounded by dilated thin-walled vessels, often connected to pulmonary veins, peribronchial vessels, or the vasa vasorum. Collaterals, bypassing completely occluded pulmonary arteries, were also observed to originate within plexiform lesions. In conclusion, synchrotron-based imaging revealed significant plexiform lesion heterogeneity, resulting in a novel classification. The four types likely have different effects on hemodynamics and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Westöö
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Norvik
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niccolò Peruzzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oscar van der Have
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Goran Lovric
- Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ida Jeremiasen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Children's Heart Center, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Phan-Kiet Tran
- Children's Heart Center, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rajmund Mokso
- Max IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hans Brunnström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Genetics and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Bech
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Csaba Galambos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Karin Tran-Lundmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Children's Heart Center, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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4
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Ovalı F. Molecular and Mechanical Mechanisms Regulating Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Preterm Infants. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:516. [PMID: 32984222 PMCID: PMC7477801 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of ductus arteriosus closure after preterm birth is associated with significant morbidities. Ductal closure requires and is regulated by a complex interplay of molecular and mechanical mechanisms with underlying genetic factors. In utero patency of the ductus is maintained by low oxygen tension, high levels of prostaglandins, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. After birth, ductal closure occurs first by functional closure, followed by anatomical remodeling. High oxygen tension and decreased prostaglandin levels mediated by numerous factors including potassium channels, endothelin-1, isoprostanes lead to the contraction of the ductus. Bradykinin and corticosteroids also induce ductal constriction by attenuating the sensitivity of the ductus to PGE2. Smooth muscle cells of the ductus can sense oxygen through a mitochondrial network by the role of Rho-kinase pathway which ends up with increased intracellular calcium levels and contraction of myosin light chains. Anatomical closure of the ductus is also complex with various mechanisms such as migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, extracellular matrix production, endothelial cell proliferation which mediate cushion formation with the interaction of blood cells. Regulation of vessel walls is affected by retinoic acid, TGF-β1, notch signaling, hyaluronan, fibronectin, chondroitin sulfate, elastin, and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF). Formation of the platelet plug facilitates luminal remodeling by the obstruction of the constricted ductal lumen. Vasa vasorum are more pronounced in the term ductus but are less active in the preterm ductus. More than 100 genes are effective in the prostaglandin pathway or in vascular smooth muscle development and structure may affect the patency of ductus. Hemodynamic changes after birth including fluid load and flow characteristics as well as shear forces within the ductus also stimulate closure. Current pharmacological treatment for the closure of a patent ductus is based on the blockage of the prostaglandin pathway mainly through COX or POX inhibition, albeit with some limitations and side effects. Further research for new agents aiming ductal closure should focus on a clear understanding of vascular biology of the ductus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahri Ovalı
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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5
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Iwai K, Nagasawa K, Akaike T, Oshima T, Kato T, Minamisawa S. CCN3 secreted by prostaglandin E 2 inhibits intimal cushion formation in the rat ductus arteriosus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:3242-3247. [PMID: 30149912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ductus arteriosus (DA), an essential fetal shunt between the pulmonary trunk and the descending aorta, changes its structure during development. Our previous studies have demonstrated that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-EP4 signaling promotes intimal cushion formation (ICF) by activating the migration of DA smooth muscle cells via the secretion of hyaluronan. We hypothesized that, in addition to hyaluronan, PGE2 may secrete other proteins that also regulate vascular remodeling in the DA. In order to detect PGE2 stimulation-secreted proteins, we found that CCN3 protein was increased in the culture supernatant in the presence of PGE2 in a dose-dependent manner by nano-flow liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that PGE2 stimulation tended to increase the expression levels of CCN3 mRNA in DA smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CCN3 was highly localized in the entire smooth muscle layers and the endothelium of the DA. Furthermore, exogenous CCN3 inhibited PGE2-induced ICF in the ex vivo DA tissues. These results suggest that CCN3 is a secreted protein of the DA smooth muscle cells induced by PGE2 to suppress ICF of the DA. The present study indicates that CCN3 could be a novel negative regulator of ICF in the DA to fine-tune the PGE2-mediated DA remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Iwai
- Graduate School of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Nagasawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Waseda Univeristy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Akaike
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Oshima
- Graduate School of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Waseda Univeristy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- Graduate School of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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6
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Hung YC, Yeh JL, Hsu JH. Molecular Mechanisms for Regulating Postnatal Ductus Arteriosus Closure. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071861. [PMID: 29941785 PMCID: PMC6073350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ductus arteriosus (DA) connects the main pulmonary artery and the aorta in fetal circulation and closes spontaneously within days after birth in normal infants. Abnormal patent DA (PDA) causes morbidities and mortality, especially in preterm infants. Closure of the DA is a complex interactive process involving two events: functional and anatomic closure. Functional closure by smooth muscle contraction was achieved through the regulatory factors of vaso-reactivity. These factors include oxygen sensing system, glutamate, osmolality, prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide. Anatomic closure by vascular remodeling involved several vascular components including endothelium, extracellular matrix, smooth muscle cells, and intraluminal blood cells. Despite advances in understanding of PDA pathogenesis, the molecular mechanism for regulation of DA closure is complex and not fully understood. In this article we review recent evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms of DA closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Hung
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Joseph Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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7
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Yokoyama U, Ichikawa Y, Minamisawa S, Ishikawa Y. Pathology and molecular mechanisms of coarctation of the aorta and its association with the ductus arteriosus. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:259-270. [PMID: 28000176 PMCID: PMC10717425 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is defined as a congenital stenosis of the thoracic aorta and is one of the most common congenital cardiovascular diseases. Despite successful surgical treatment for CoA, arterial abnormalities, including refractory hypertension, aortic aneurysm, and proatherogenic phenotypic changes, frequently affect patients' quality of life. Emerging evidence from morphological and molecular biological investigations suggest that the area of CoA is characterized by phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells, intimal thickening, and impaired elastic fiber formation. These changes extend to the pre-and post-stenotic aorta and impair arterial elasticity. The aim of this review is to present current findings on the pathology and molecular mechanisms of vascular remodeling due to CoA. In particular, we will discuss the association between CoA and the ductus arteriosus since the most common site for the stenosis is in the proximity of the ductus arteriosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Ichikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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8
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Wu JR, Yeh JL, Liou SF, Dai ZK, Wu BN, Hsu JH. Gamma-secretase Inhibitor Prevents Proliferation and Migration of Ductus Arteriosus Smooth Muscle Cells through the Notch3-HES1/2/5 Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1063-73. [PMID: 27570480 PMCID: PMC4997050 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can cause morbidity and mortality in neonates. Vascular remodeling, characterized by proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), is an essential process for postnatal DA closure. Notch signaling is an important mediator of vascular remodelling but its role in DA is unkonwn. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT, a Notch signaling inhibitor on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation and migration of DASMCs. Proliferation and migration of DASMCs cultured from neonatal Wistar rats were induced by Ang II, with or without DAPT pre-treatment. In addition, potential underlying mechanisms including cell cycle progression, Ca(2+) influx, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, signal transduction of MAPK and Akt, and Notch receptor with its target gene pathway were examined. We found that DAPT inhibited Ang II-induced DASMCs proliferation and migration dose dependently. DAPT also arrested the cell cycle progression in the G0/G1-phase, and attenuated calcium overload and ROS production caused by Ang II. Moreover, DAPT inhibited nuclear translocation of Notch3 receptor intracellular domain, with decreased expression of its down-stream genes including HES1, HES2 and HES5. Finally, Ang II-activated ERK1/2, JNK and Akt were also counteracted by DAPT. In conclusion, DAPT inhibits Ang II-induced DASMCs proliferation and migration. These effects are potentially mediated by decreased calcium influx, reduced ROS production, and down-regulation of ERK1/2, JNK and Akt, through the Notch3-HES1/2/5 pathway. Therefore, Notch signaling has a role in DA remodeling and may provide a target pathway for therapeutic intervention of PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Ren Wu
- 1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 2. Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- 1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 4. Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Liou
- 5. Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- 1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 2. Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- 4. Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- 1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 2. Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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9
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Shell L, Burggren W, Muirhead D, Nelson TC, Dzialowski EM. Circulatory changes associated with the closure of the ductus arteriosus in hatching emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 191:202-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Kajimura I, Akaike T, Minamisawa S. Lipopolysaccharide Delays Closure of the Rat Ductus Arteriosus by Induction of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase But Not Prostaglandin E 2. Circ J 2016; 80:703-11. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ichige Kajimura
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Toru Akaike
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
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11
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Kawakami S, Minamisawa S. Oxygenation decreases elastin secretion from rat ductus arteriosus smooth muscle cells. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:541-5. [PMID: 25970707 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ductus arteriosus (DA), a fetal arterial connection between the main pulmonary artery and the descending aorta, normally closes immediately after birth. The oxygen concentration in the blood rises after birth, and in the DA this increase in oxygen concentration causes functional closure, which is induced by smooth muscle contraction. Previous studies have demonstrated that hypoxia and/or oxygenation affect vascular remodeling of various vessels. Therefore, we hypothesized that the rise in oxygen concentration would affect the vascular structure of the DA due to production of proteins secreted from DA smooth muscle cells (SMC). METHODS AND RESULTS Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to comprehensively investigate the secreted proteins in the supernatant of rat DA SMC harvested under hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen) or under normoxic conditions (21% oxygen). We found that the rise in oxygen concentration reduced the secretion of elastin from DA SMC. On reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the expression of elastin mRNA was not significantly changed in DA SMC from hypoxic to normoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Given that elastin forms internal elastic lamina and elastic fibers in the vascular muscle layers, and that a rise in oxygen concentration reduced the secretion of elastin, this suggests that the rise in blood oxygen concentration after birth reduces the secretion of elastin, and therefore may play a role in DA structural remodeling after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Kawakami
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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BMP9 and BMP10 are necessary for proper closure of the ductus arteriosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3207-15. [PMID: 26056270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508386112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition to pulmonary respiration after birth requires rapid alterations in the structure of the mammalian cardiovascular system. One dramatic change that occurs is the closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA), an arterial connection in the fetus that directs blood flow away from the pulmonary circulation. Two members of the TGFβ family, bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) and BMP10, have been recently involved in postnatal angiogenesis, both being necessary for remodeling of newly formed microvascular beds. The aim of the present work was to study whether BMP9 and BMP10 could be involved in closure of the DA. We found that Bmp9 knockout in mice led to an imperfect closure of the DA. Further, addition of a neutralizing anti-BMP10 antibody at postnatal day 1 (P1) and P3 in these pups exacerbated the remodeling defect and led to a reopening of the DA at P4. Transmission electron microscopy images and immunofluorescence stainings suggested that this effect could be due to a defect in intimal cell differentiation from endothelial to mesenchymal cells, associated with a lack of extracellular matrix deposition within the center of the DA. This result was supported by the identification of the regulation by BMP9 and BMP10 of several genes known to be involved in this process. The involvement of these BMPs was further supported by human genomic data because we could define a critical region in chromosome 2 encoding eight genes including BMP10 that correlated with the presence of a patent DA. Together, these data establish roles for BMP9 and BMP10 in DA closure.
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13
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Lee KJ, Seto W, Benson L, Chaturvedi RR. Pharmacokinetics of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents Implanted in the Neonatal Arterial Duct. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 8:CIRCINTERVENTIONS.114.002233. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.114.002233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Sirolimus-eluting stents may have clinical advantages over bare-metal stents in the extremely proliferative environment of the neonatal arterial duct. However, sirolimus has immunosuppressive actions and little is known regarding sirolimus pharmacokinetics in the newborn.
Methods and Results—
This is a retrospective review of sirolimus pharmacokinetics in neonates who underwent sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in the arterial duct for pulmonary blood flow augmentation. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by noncompartmental analysis and by a Bayesian one-compartment nonlinear mixed model. Nine neonates received a single sirolimus-eluting stent with a total sirolimus dose of 245 μg (n=1), 194 μg (n=5), or 143 μg (n=3). Peak sirolimus concentrations were 13.6±4.5 μg/L (24.8 μg/L highest) and clearance was 0.042±0.03 L/hour (noncompartmental analysis) and 0.051 L/hour (95% credible intervals 0.037–0.069, nonlinear mixed model). Sirolimus remained >5 μg/L, the trough level used in oral immunosuppressive therapy, for (95% credible interval) 15.9 (11.4, 22.8), 12.9 (7.6, 19.0), and 8.4 (2.3, 14.5) days for the 245, 194, and 143 μg sirolimus dose stents, respectively. Estimates of the duration of systemic immunosuppression are provided for combinations of 2 stents.
Conclusions—
In neonates after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation, peak sirolimus levels were 20× higher and clearance 30× lower than previously reported in older children and adults. Sirolimus levels were within the immunosuppressive range for a prolonged period, but with no observable clinically significant adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Jin Lee
- From The Labatt Family Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology (K.-J.L., L.B., R.R.C.) and the Department of Pharmacy (W.S.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - Winnie Seto
- From The Labatt Family Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology (K.-J.L., L.B., R.R.C.) and the Department of Pharmacy (W.S.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lee Benson
- From The Labatt Family Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology (K.-J.L., L.B., R.R.C.) and the Department of Pharmacy (W.S.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rajiv R. Chaturvedi
- From The Labatt Family Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology (K.-J.L., L.B., R.R.C.) and the Department of Pharmacy (W.S.), The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Thromboxane A(2) receptor stimulation promotes closure of the rat ductus arteriosus through enhancing neointima formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94895. [PMID: 24736499 PMCID: PMC3988076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ductus arteriosus (DA) closure follows constriction and remodeling of the entire vessel wall. Patent ductus arteriosus occurs when the DA does not close after birth, and this condition is currently treated using cyclooxygenase inhibitors. However, the efficacy of cyclooxygenase inhibitors is often limited. Our previous study demonstrated that low-dose thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) stimulation constricted the DA with minimal adverse effects in rat neonates. However, its effect on DA remodeling remains unknown. In this study, we focused on the impact of the exogenous TP stimulation on the DA remodeling, especially intimal thickening. Using DA explants from rat fetuses at embryonic day 19 as a ex vivo model and primary cultured rat DA smooth muscle cells from embryonic day 21 as a in vitro model, we evaluated the effect of TP stimulation on the DA remodeling. The selective TP agonists U46619 and I-BOP promoted neointima formation in the ex vivo DA explants, and TP stimulation increased DA SMC migration in a dose-dependent manner. Both effects were inhibited by the selective TP antagonist SQ29548 or the siRNA against TP. TP stimulation also increased DA SMC proliferation in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum. LC/MS/MS analysis revealed that TP stimulation increased secretion of several extracellular matrix proteins that may contribute to an increase in neointima formation. In conclusion, we uncovered that exogenous administration of TP agonist promotes neointima formation through the induction of migration and proliferation of DA SMC, which could contribute to DA closure and also to its vasoconstrictive action.
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15
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Yokoyama U, Minamisawa S, Shioda A, Ishiwata R, Jin MH, Masuda M, Asou T, Sugimoto Y, Aoki H, Nakamura T, Ishikawa Y. Prostaglandin E
2
Inhibits Elastogenesis in the Ductus Arteriosus via EP4 Signaling. Circulation 2014; 129:487-96. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.004726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Elastic fiber formation begins in mid-gestation and increases dramatically during the last trimester in the great arteries, providing elasticity and thus preventing vascular wall structure collapse. However, the ductus arteriosus (DA), a fetal bypass artery between the aorta and pulmonary artery, exhibits lower levels of elastic fiber formation, which promotes vascular collapse and subsequent closure of the DA after birth. The molecular mechanisms for this inhibited elastogenesis in the DA, which is necessary for the establishment of adult circulation, remain largely unknown.
Methods and Results—
Stimulation of the prostaglandin E
2
(PGE
2
) receptor EP4 significantly inhibited elastogenesis and decreased lysyl oxidase (LOX) protein, which catalyzes elastin cross-links in DA smooth muscle cells (SMCs), but not in aortic SMCs. Aortic SMCs expressed much less EP4 than DASMCs. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of LOX restored the EP4-mediated inhibition of elastogenesis in DASMCs. In EP4-knockout mice, electron microscopic examination showed that the DA acquired an elastic phenotype that was similar to the neighboring aorta. More importantly, human DA and aorta tissues from 7 patients showed a negative correlation between elastic fiber formation and EP4 expression, as well as between EP4 and LOX expression. The PGE
2
-EP4-c-Src-phospholipase C (PLC)γ–signaling pathway most likely promoted the lysosomal degradation of LOX.
Conclusions—
Our data suggest that PGE
2
signaling inhibits elastogenesis in the DA, but not in the aorta, through degrading LOX protein. Elastogenesis is spatially regulated by PGE
2
-EP4 signaling in the DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Yokoyama
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (U.Y., S.M., A.S., R.I., M.-H.J., Y.I.); the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan (S.M., R.I.); the Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.M.); the Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (M.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (U.Y., S.M., A.S., R.I., M.-H.J., Y.I.); the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan (S.M., R.I.); the Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.M.); the Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (M.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa
| | - Aki Shioda
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (U.Y., S.M., A.S., R.I., M.-H.J., Y.I.); the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan (S.M., R.I.); the Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.M.); the Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (M.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa
| | - Ryo Ishiwata
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (U.Y., S.M., A.S., R.I., M.-H.J., Y.I.); the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan (S.M., R.I.); the Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.M.); the Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (M.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (U.Y., S.M., A.S., R.I., M.-H.J., Y.I.); the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan (S.M., R.I.); the Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.M.); the Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (M.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa
| | - Munetaka Masuda
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (U.Y., S.M., A.S., R.I., M.-H.J., Y.I.); the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan (S.M., R.I.); the Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.M.); the Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (M.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa
| | - Toshihide Asou
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (U.Y., S.M., A.S., R.I., M.-H.J., Y.I.); the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan (S.M., R.I.); the Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.M.); the Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (M.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (U.Y., S.M., A.S., R.I., M.-H.J., Y.I.); the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan (S.M., R.I.); the Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.M.); the Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (M.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (U.Y., S.M., A.S., R.I., M.-H.J., Y.I.); the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan (S.M., R.I.); the Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.M.); the Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (M.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (U.Y., S.M., A.S., R.I., M.-H.J., Y.I.); the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan (S.M., R.I.); the Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.M.); the Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (M.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (U.Y., S.M., A.S., R.I., M.-H.J., Y.I.); the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan (S.M., R.I.); the Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (S.M.); the Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan (M.M.); the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanagawa
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16
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Pan MX, Hu PY, Cheng Y, Cai LQ, Rao XH, Wang Y, Gao Y. An efficient method for decellularization of the rat liver. J Formos Med Assoc 2013; 113:680-7. [PMID: 23849456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Using gradient ionic detergent, we optimized the preparation procedure for the decellularized liver biologic scaffold, and analyzed its immunogenicity and biocompatibility. METHODS EDTA, hypotonic alkaline solution, Triton X-100, and gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate (1%, 0.5%, and 0.1%, respectively) were prepared for continuous perfusion through the hepatic vascular system. The decellularization of the liver tissue was performed with the optimized reagent buffer and washing protocol. In addition, the preservation of the original extracellular matrix was observed. To analyze its biocompatibility, the scaffold was embedded in a heterologous animal and the inflammation features, including the surrounding cell infiltration and changes of the scaffold architecture, were detected. The cell-attachment ability was also validated by the perfusion culture of HepG2 cells with the scaffold. RESULTS By using gradient ionic detergent, we completed the decellularization process in approximately 5 h, which was shorter than >10 hours in previous experiments (p<0.001). The extracellular matrix was kept relatively intact, with no obvious inflammatory cellular infiltration or structural damage in the grafted tissue. The engraftment efficiencies of HepG2 were 86±5% (n=8). The levels of albumin and urea synthesis were significantly superior to the ones in traditional two-dimensional culture. CONCLUSION The current new method can be used efficiently for the decellularization of the liver biologic scaffold with satisfying biocomparability for application both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xin Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peng Yun Hu
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Quan Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Hui Rao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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17
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Bierer R, Nitta CH, Friedman J, Codianni S, de Frutos S, Dominguez-Bautista JA, Howard TA, Resta TC, Bosc LVG. NFATc3 is required for chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in adult and neonatal mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L872-80. [PMID: 21908592 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00405.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension occurs with prolonged exposure to chronic hypoxia in both adults and neonates. The Ca(2+)-dependent transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells isoform c3 (NFATc3), has been implicated in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling in adult mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that NFATc3 is required for chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in adult and neonatal mice. The aim of this study was to determine whether 1) NFATc3 mediates chronic hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular systolic pressure in adult mice; 2) NFATc3 is activated in neonatal mice exposed to chronic hypoxia; and 3) NFATc3 is involved in chronic hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling in neonatal mice. Adult mice were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia for 2, 7, and 21 days. Neonatal mouse pups were exposed for 7 days to hypobaric chronic hypoxia within 2 days after delivery. Hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular systolic pressure were absent in NFATc3 knockout adult mice. In neonatal mice, chronic hypoxia caused NFAT activation in whole lung and nuclear accumulation of NFATc3 in both pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. In addition, heterozygous NFATc3 neonates showed less right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary artery wall thickness in response to chronic hypoxia than did wild-type neonates. Our results suggest that NFATc3 mediates pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in both adult and neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bierer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, USA
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18
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Akaike T, Jin MH, Yokoyama U, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Jiao Q, Iwasaki S, Iwamoto M, Nishimaki S, Sato M, Yokota S, Kamiya Y, Adachi-Akahane S, Ishikawa Y, Minamisawa S. T-type Ca2+ channels promote oxygenation-induced closure of the rat ductus arteriosus not only by vasoconstriction but also by neointima formation. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:24025-34. [PMID: 19567868 PMCID: PMC2781997 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.017061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The ductus arteriosus (DA), an essential vascular shunt for fetal circulation, begins to close immediately after birth. Although Ca(2+) influx through several membrane Ca(2+) channels is known to regulate vasoconstriction of the DA, the role of the T-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (VDCC) in DA closure remains unclear. Here we found that the expression of alpha1G, a T-type isoform that is known to exhibit a tissue-restricted expression pattern in the rat neonatal DA, was significantly up-regulated in oxygenated rat DA tissues and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Immunohistological analysis revealed that alpha1G was localized predominantly in the central core of neonatal DA at birth. DA SMC migration was significantly increased by alpha1G overexpression. Moreover, it was decreased by adding alpha1G-specific small interfering RNAs or using R(-)-efonidipine, a highly selective T-type VDCC blocker. Furthermore, an oxygenation-mediated increase in an intracellular Ca(2+) concentration of DA SMCs was significantly decreased by adding alpha1G-specific siRNAs or using R(-)-efonidipine. Although a prostaglandin E receptor EP4 agonist potently promoted intimal thickening of the DA explants, R(-)-efonidipine (10(-6) m) significantly inhibited EP4-promoted intimal thickening by 40% using DA tissues at preterm in organ culture. Moreover, R(-)-efonidipine (10(-6) m) significantly attenuated oxygenation-induced vasoconstriction by approximately 27% using a vascular ring of fetal DA at term. Finally, R(-)-efonidipine significantly delayed the closure of in vivo DA in neonatal rats. These results indicate that T-type VDCC, especially alpha1G, which is predominantly expressed in neonatal DA, plays a unique role in DA closure, implying that T-type VDCC is an alternative therapeutic target to regulate the patency of DA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Calcium Channels, T-Type/metabolism
- Dihydropyridines/pharmacology
- Ductus Arteriosus/cytology
- Ductus Arteriosus/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nitrophenols/pharmacology
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Akaike
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroko Izumi-Nakaseko
- the Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Toho University, Toho 143-8540, Japan
| | - Qibin Jiao
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shiho Iwasaki
- the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mari Iwamoto
- the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nishimaki
- the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shumpei Yokota
- the Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kamiya
- the Department of Anesthesiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satomi Adachi-Akahane
- the Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Toho University, Toho 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine and Medicine (Cardiology), New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07101-1709
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- the Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan, and
- the Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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19
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Lee KJ, Hinek A, Chaturvedi RR, Almeida CL, Honjo O, Koren G, Benson LN. Rapamycin-eluting stents in the arterial duct: experimental observations in the pig model. Circulation 2009; 119:2078-85. [PMID: 19349326 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.737734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining arterial duct patency by stent implantation may be advantageous in congenital heart disease management algorithms. Rapamycin, an immunosuppressant drug that demonstrates antiproliferative properties and inhibits smooth muscle cell migration, may deter the intimal hyperplasia that occurs during spontaneous closure and after-stent implantation of the arterial duct. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-eight Yorkshire piglets (7 to 11 days old; weight, 2.2 to 4.9 kg) underwent stent implantation of the arterial duct (rapamycin-eluting (n=14) or bare metal (n=14) stents, 3.5-mm diameter) and were euthanized at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Dissected arterial ducts were analyzed for lumen diameter, smooth muscle cell, and extracellular matrix components. Isolated arterial duct-derived smooth muscle cells were cultured in the presence or absence of rapamycin. Cellular proliferation rates were assessed by Ki-67 detection and [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation. No significant neointimal proliferation was present in either stent type at 2 weeks. At 4 weeks, the median luminal diameters of the bare metal stents were 87% (P=0.009), 54% (P=0.004), and 77% (P=0.004) that of the drug-eluting stents at the middle and aortic and pulmonary artery ends, respectively. At 6 weeks, the median luminal diameters of the bare metal stents were 0% (P=0.18), 5% (P=0.25), and 61% (P=0.13) that of the drug-eluting stents at the same respective levels. Complete histological occlusion was found in at least 1 level of the lumen in 9 pigs: 1 (17%) in the BMS group at 4 weeks, 5 (83%) in the BMS group at 6 weeks, and 3 (50%) in the DES group at 6 weeks. In vitro studies demonstrated 50%-lower proliferation rates in rapamycin-treated cultures of duct-derived smooth muscle cell cultures (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin has antiproliferative actions on the arterial duct. Drug-eluting stents may be a more efficient tool than current palliative options for maintaining patency in critically duct-dependent states, but there may be a finite time-related benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Jin Lee
- Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Chiruvolu A, Jaleel MA. Pathophysiology of patent ductus arteriosus in premature neonates. Early Hum Dev 2009; 85:143-6. [PMID: 19223128 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Failure of complete postnatal closure of the ductus arteriosus is associated with various neonatal morbidities. Functional closure resulting from smooth muscle constriction and permanent anatomic closure due to vascular remodeling are the results of a complex interaction of different mechanisms. Prostaglandins, oxygen, nitric oxide and various other factors play a key role in ductal closure. An understanding of the role of these factors, involved both in maintenance of vascular tone of the ductus in fetal life as well as stimulation of ductal closure in postnatal life, and the cardiovascular and respiratory consequences of a patent ductus arteriosus, is important for the clinician involved in management of premature neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpitha Chiruvolu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA.
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21
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Yokoyama U, Minamisawa S, Quan H, Akaike T, Suzuki S, Jin M, Jiao Q, Watanabe M, Otsu K, Iwasaki S, Nishimaki S, Sato M, Ishikawa Y. Prostaglandin E2-activated Epac promotes neointimal formation of the rat ductus arteriosus by a process distinct from that of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:28702-9. [PMID: 18697745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804223200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that chronic stimulation of the prostaglandin E2-cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signal pathway plays a critical role in intimal cushion formation in perinatal ductus arteriosus (DA) through promoting synthesis of hyaluronan. We hypothesized that Epac, a newly identified effector of cAMP, may play a role in intimal cushion formation (ICF) in the DA distinct from that of PKA. In the present study, we found that the levels of Epac1 and Epac2 mRNAs were significantly up-regulated in the rat DA during the perinatal period. A specific EP4 agonist, ONO-AE1-329, increased Rap1 activity in the presence of a PKA inhibitor, PKI-(14-22)-amide, in DA smooth muscle cells. 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP (O-Me-cAMP), a cAMP analog selective to Epac activator, promoted migration of DA smooth muscle cells (SMC) in a dose-dependent manner. Adenovirus-mediated Epac1 or Epac2 gene transfer further enhanced O-Me-cAMP-induced cell migration, although the effect of Epac1 overexpression on cell migration was stronger than that of Epac2. In addition, transfection of small interfering RNAs for Epac1, but not Epac2, significantly inhibited serum-mediated migration of DA SMCs. In the presence of O-Me-cAMP, actin stress fibers were well organized with enhanced focal adhesion, and cell shape was widely expanded. Adenovirus-mediated Epac1, but not Epac2 gene transfer, induced prominent ICF in the rat DA explants when compared with those with green fluorescent protein gene transfer. The thickness of intimal cushion became significantly greater (1.98-fold) in Epac1-overexpressed DA. O-Me-cAMP did not change hyaluronan production, although it decreased proliferation of DA SMCs. The present study demonstrated that Epac, especially Epac1, plays an important role in promoting SMC migration and thereby ICF in the rat DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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22
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Iwasaki S, Minamisawa S, Yokoyama U, Akaike T, Quan H, Nagashima Y, Nishimaki S, Ishikawa Y, Yokota S. Interleukin-15 inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and hyaluronan production in rat ductus arteriosus. Pediatr Res 2007; 62:392-8. [PMID: 17667861 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31813c9339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neointimal cushion formation (NCF) is an important vascular remodeling for anatomical closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA). Inflammatory responses to vascular injury or atherosclerosis are known to be associated with the pathogenesis of NCF. We found that the expression of interleukin (IL)-15 mRNA was significantly higher in rat DA than in the aorta. IL-15 immunoreactivity was detected predominantly in the internal elastic laminae (IEL) and to a lesser extent in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in rat DA. Prostaglandin E (PGE) increased the expression of IL-15 mRNA in cultured DA SMCs. IL-15 significantly attenuated the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-mediated SMC proliferation, but did not change SMC migration. IL-15 significantly attenuated PGE1-induced hyaluronic acid (HA) production in a dose-dependent manner, which is a potent stimulator of NCF. Accordingly, IL-15 might have an inhibitory effect on the physiologic vascular remodeling processes in closing the DA.
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MESH Headings
- Alprostadil/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta/embryology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Becaplermin
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CX3CL1
- Chemokines, CX3C/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ductus Arteriosus/embryology
- Ductus Arteriosus/metabolism
- Feedback, Physiological
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Hyaluronic Acid/metabolism
- Interleukin-15/genetics
- Interleukin-15/metabolism
- Interleukin-15/pharmacology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Methyl Ethers/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/embryology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-15/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Iwasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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23
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Yokoyama U, Sato Y, Akaike T, Ishida S, Sawada J, Nagao T, Quan H, Jin M, Iwamoto M, Yokota S, Ishikawa Y, Minamisawa S. Maternal vitamin A alters gene profiles and structural maturation of the rat ductus arteriosus. Physiol Genomics 2007; 31:139-57. [PMID: 17636115 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00007.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, has been proposed to regulate vascular remodeling and reactivity of the ductus arteriosus (DA). Using rat Affymetrix GeneChips, we found that a considerable number of genes in DA varied their expression levels in accordance with developmental mode: namely, preterm-, term-, and postnatal-dominant clusters. Among a total of 8,740 probe sets, maternal vitamin A administration (MVA) changed the expression levels of 91 genes (116 probe sets) >2.5-fold. About half of preterm- and term-dominant genes responded to MVA, whereas only 5% of postnatal-dominant genes responded to MVA, indicating that fetal-dominant genes were susceptible to RA signals. The expression levels of 51 genes in MVA-treated DA at preterm were similar to the expression levels in nontreated DA at term, indicating that the global gene profile at preterm resembled that of the control animal at term. We observed neointima formation in MVA-treated DA at preterm in accordance with upregulation of fibronectin and hyaluronic acid, whereas it was rarely observed in nontreated DA at preterm. Five fetal cardiac myofibrillar genes were also upregulated in MVA-treated in vivo DA, whereas they were developmentally downregulated in nontreated DA. The present study indicates that MVA-mediated alteration in gene profile was associated with early structural maturation of DA, although MVA-mediated maturation may differ from normal vascular remodeling of DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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24
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Mitani Y, Takabayashi S, Sawada H, Ohashi H, Hayakawa H, Ikeyama Y, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Maruyama K, Shimpo H, Komada Y. Fate of the "opened" arterial duct: Lessons learned from bilateral pulmonary artery banding for hypoplastic left heart syndrome under the continuous infusion of prostaglandin E1. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 133:1653-4. [PMID: 17532977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Mitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
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25
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Ambalavanan N, Li P, Bulger A, Murphy-Ullrich J, Oparil S, Chen YF. Endothelin-1 mediates hypoxia-induced increases in vascular collagen in the newborn mouse lung. Pediatr Res 2007; 61:559-64. [PMID: 17413856 PMCID: PMC2517238 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e318045beae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) mediates hypoxia-mediated pulmonary vascular remodeling (HPVR), and endothelin-A receptor (ET-AR) blockade prevents HPVR in newborn mice. Our objective was to determine postnatal effects of chronic hypoxia and/or ET-AR blockade on lung ET-1, ET-AR, ET-BR, and vascular collagen and elastin. Newborn C57BL/6 mice (n = 6-8/gp) given either BQ610 (ET-AR blocker) or vehicle were exposed to air or hypoxia (12% O2) from birth for 1, 3, or 14 d. Lung ET-1 was assessed by ELISA, and ET-AR and ET-BR by immunohistochemistry. Vascular collagen and elastin were assessed by quantitative image analysis. ET-1, ET-AR, ET-BR, collagen I and III, and tropoelastin mRNA levels were assessed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. We observed that: 1) hypoxia attenuated the normal postnatal decrease in ET-1 and collagen content; 2) ET-AR blockade reduced collagen independent of O2; 3) hypoxia increased elastin mRNA expression and attenuated the normal postnatal decrease in elastin content; and 4) BQ610 reduced elastin mRNA but not elastin content. We conclude that, in neonatal mice, hypoxia attenuates normal postnatal decreases in ET-1, vascular collagen, and elastin. ET-AR blockade reduces collagen fiber area but not mRNA, and does not decrease elastin despite reducing its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA.
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26
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Yokoyama U, Minamisawa S, Quan H, Ghatak S, Akaike T, Segi-Nishida E, Iwasaki S, Iwamoto M, Misra S, Tamura K, Hori H, Yokota S, Toole BP, Sugimoto Y, Ishikawa Y. Chronic activation of the prostaglandin receptor EP4 promotes hyaluronan-mediated neointimal formation in the ductus arteriosus. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:3026-34. [PMID: 17080198 PMCID: PMC1626128 DOI: 10.1172/jci28639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PGE, a potent vasodilator, plays a primary role in maintaining the patency of the ductus arteriosus (DA). Genetic disruption of the PGE-specific receptor EP4, however, paradoxically results in fatal patent DA (PDA) in mice. Here we demonstrate that EP4-mediated signals promote DA closure by hyaluronic acid-mediated (HA-mediated) intimal cushion formation (ICF). Chronic EP4 stimulation by ONO-AE1-329, a selective EP4 agonist, significantly enhanced migration and HA production in rat DA smooth muscle cells. When HA production was inhibited, EP4-mediated migration was negated. Activation of EP4, adenylyl cyclase, and PKA all increased HA production and the level of HA synthase 2 (HAS2) transcripts. In immature rat DA explants, ICF was promoted by EP4/PKA stimuli. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated Has2 gene transfer was sufficient to induce ICF in EP4-disrupted DA explants in which the intimal cushion had not formed. Accordingly, signals through EP4 have 2 essential roles in DA development, namely, vascular dilation and ICF. The latter would lead to luminal narrowing, helping adhesive occlusion and permanent closure of the vascular lumen. Our results imply that HA induction serves as an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PDA to the current one, i.e., inhibition of PGE signaling by cyclooxygenase inhibitors, which might delay PGE-mediated ICF in immature infants.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Movement
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Ductus Arteriosus/cytology
- Ductus Arteriosus/embryology
- Ductus Arteriosus/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Glucuronosyltransferase/genetics
- Hyaluronan Synthases
- Hyaluronic Acid/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth/embryology
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/deficiency
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Signal Transduction
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hong Quan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shibnath Ghatak
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Toru Akaike
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eri Segi-Nishida
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shiho Iwasaki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mari Iwamoto
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Suniti Misra
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hideaki Hori
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shumpei Yokota
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bryan P. Toole
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Department of Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Cardiology Services, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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27
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Yokoyama U, Minamisawa S, Adachi-Akahane S, Akaike T, Naguro I, Funakoshi K, Iwamoto M, Nakagome M, Uemura N, Hori H, Yokota S, Ishikawa Y. Multiple transcripts of Ca2+ channel α1-subunits and a novel spliced variant of the α1C-subunit in rat ductus arteriosus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 290:H1660-70. [PMID: 16272207 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00100.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs), which consist of multiple subtypes, regulate vascular tone in developing arterial smooth muscle, including the ductus arteriosus (DA). First, we examined the expression of VDCC subunits in the Wistar rat DA during development. Among α1-subunits, α1C and α1G were the most predominant isoforms. Maternal administration of vitamin A significantly increased α1C- and α1G-transcripts. Second, we examined the effect of VDCC subunits on proliferation of DA smooth muscle cells. We found that 1 μM nitrendipine (an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker) and kurtoxin (a T-type Ca2+ channel blocker) significantly decreased [3H]thymidine incorporation and that 3 μM efonidipine (an L- and T-type Ca2+ channel blocker) further decreased [3H]thymidine incorporation, suggesting that L- and T-type Ca2+ channels are involved in smooth muscle cell proliferation in the DA. Third, we found that a novel alternatively spliced variant of the α1C-isoform was highly expressed in the neointimal cushion of the DA, where proliferating and migrating smooth muscle cells are abundant. The basic channel properties of the spliced variant did not differ from those of the conventional α1C-subunit. We conclude that multiple VDCC subunits were identified in the DA, and, in particular, α1C- and α1G-subunits were predominant in the DA. A novel spliced variant of the α1C-subunit gene may play a distinct role in neointimal cushion formation in the DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Yokoyama
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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28
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Tseng JJ, Jan SL. Fetal echocardiographic diagnosis of isolated ductus arteriosus aneurysm: a longitudinal study from 32 weeks of gestation to term. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2005; 26:50-6. [PMID: 15926189 DOI: 10.1002/uog.1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the echocardiographic characteristics of isolated fetal ductus arteriosus aneurysm (DAA) and the factors influencing its development. METHODS Fetal echocardiograms for 509 low-risk singleton pregnancies were performed longitudinally from 32 weeks of gestation. The ventricular outflow tracts and great vessels were visualized, focusing on changes in the ductus arteriosus (DA), and fetuses with DAA or ductus arteriosus dilatation (DAD) were identified. Prenatal and perinatal findings were compared between those infants diagnosed postnatally with and those without neonatal DAA. RESULTS Forty-one of the 509 fetuses (8.1%) studied had neonatal DAA; 2.2% (11/509) had DAA and 5.9% (30/509) DAD before delivery. The mean gestational age at the time of diagnosis of fetal DAA/DAD was 36.9 +/- 1.7 weeks. The mean maximal internal diameter of DAA/DAD was 8.0 +/- 0.8 mm at initial diagnosis, increasing to 10.8 +/- 1.6 mm before delivery. All cases originated from the aortic end of the DA. Compared with fetuses without neonatal DAA, the affected cases had a markedly more curved DA prior to diagnosis, and higher peak velocities at the aortic end of the DA (P < 0.05). Newborns with fetal DAA/DAD had a larger placental weight to birth body weight (BBW) ratio and were less likely to have a BBW appropriate for gestational age (P < 0.05). All cases of fetal DAA/DAD regressed spontaneously. CONCLUSION Isolated neonatal DAA is a continuity of fetal DAA/DAD. The development of fetal DAA/DAD is likely to be related to the higher peak velocities in the more markedly curved DA occurring in the latter part of the third trimester. Fetal DAA/DAD usually initiates at the aortic end of the DA, followed by progression towards the pulmonary end.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Tseng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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29
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Ambalavanan N, Bulger A, Murphy-Ullrich J, Oparil S, Chen YF. Endothelin-A receptor blockade prevents and partially reverses neonatal hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling. Pediatr Res 2005; 57:631-6. [PMID: 15774824 PMCID: PMC2517586 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000159512.55862.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling (HPVR) may lead to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn or cor pulmonale. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), via endothelin-A (ET(A)) receptor activation, mediates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Our objectives were to develop a newborn mouse model of HPVR and to test the hypothesis that ET(A) blockade would prevent and reverse HPVR in this model. C57BL/6 mice (n = 64) were exposed to 12% oxygen (HYP group) or room air (RA group) from birth to 2 wk of age. The mice were injected intraperitoneally daily with either BQ-610 (ET(A) blocker) or vehicle (cottonseed oil) from birth (prevention study) or from 6 d of age (reversal study). HPVR was assessed histologically by pulmonary vascular morphometry by an examiner masked to study group, and by measurement of the right ventricle to left ventricle (RV/LV) thickness ratio. Hypoxia increased medial wall thickness (%WT) in pulmonary arteries <100 mum in diameter and RV/LV thickness ratio. BQ-610 prevented the hypoxia-induced increase in %WT and RV/LV thickness ratio when given from birth, and later therapy partially reversed the hypoxia-induced increase in %WT but not RV/LV thickness ratio. These data show that in the newborn mouse model, chronic hypoxia leads to HPVR that can be completely prevented and partially reversed by ET(A) blockade. These results indicate that ET-1, acting via ET(A) receptors, is a mechanism of pathophysiologic significance underlying neonatal HPVR. Development of this newborn mouse model of HPVR facilitates investigation of mechanisms underlying this important and severe disease entity in human infants.
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30
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Curry BD, Bain JLW, Yan JG, Zhang LL, Yamaguchi M, Matloub HS, Riley DA. Vibration injury damages arterial endothelial cells. Muscle Nerve 2002; 25:527-34. [PMID: 11932970 DOI: 10.1002/mus.10058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to hand-transmitted vibration can cause debilitating neural and vascular dysfunction in humans. It is unclear whether the pathophysiology involves simultaneous or sequential injury of arteries and nerves. The mechanism of vibration injury was investigated in a rat tail model, containing arteries and nerves structurally similar to those in the human hand. Tails were selectively vibrated for 1 or 9 days with the remainder of the animal at rest. One vibration bout of 4 h/day, 60 HZ, 5 g (49 m/s(2)) acceleration, injured endothelial cells. Injury was signaled by elevated immunostaining for NFATc3 transcription factor. Electron microscopy revealed that vibration for 9 days produced loss and thinning of endothelial cells, with activated platelets coating the exposed subendothelial tissue. Endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells contained double membrane-limited, swollen processes indicative of vasoconstriction-induced damage. Laser doppler surface recording demonstrated that 5 min of vibration significantly diminished tissue blood perfusion. These findings indicate that early injury involves vasoconstriction and denuding of the arterial endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Curry
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku I Tammi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Kuopio, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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32
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33
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Dyamenahalli U, Smallhorn JF, Geva T, Fouron JC, Cairns P, Jutras L, Hughes V, Rabinovitch M, Mason CA, Hornberger LK. Isolated ductus arteriosus aneurysm in the fetus and infant: a multi-institutional experience. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36:262-9. [PMID: 10898444 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome and to elucidate the pathogenesis of ductus arteriosus aneurysm (DAA). BACKGROUND Ductus arteriosus aneurysm is a rare lesion that can be associated with severe complications including thromboembolism, rupture and death. METHOD We reviewed the clinical records, diagnostic imaging studies and available histology of 24 cases of DAA, diagnosed postnatally (PD) in 15 and antenatally (AD) in 9 encountered in five institutions. RESULTS Of PD cases, 13 presented at <2 months, and all AD cases were detected incidentally after 33 weeks of gestation during a late trimester fetal ultrasound study. Of the 24, only 4 had DAA-related symptoms and 6 had associated syndromes: Marfan, Smith-Lemli-Opitz, trisomies 21 and 13 and one possible Ehlers-Danlos. Three had complications related to the DAA: thrombus extension into the pulmonary artery, spontaneous rupture, and asymptomatic cerebral infarction. Six underwent uncomplicated DAA resection for ductal patency, DAA size or extension of thrombus. In the four examined, there was histologic evidence of reduced intimal cushions in two and abnormal elastin expression in two. Five of the 24 died, with only one death due to DAA. Of 19 survivors, all but one remain clinically asymptomatic at a median follow-up of 35 months; however, two have developed other cardiac lesions that suggest Marfan syndrome. A review of 200 consecutive third trimester fetal ultrasounds suggests an incidence of DAA of 1.5%. CONCLUSIONS Ductus arteriosus aneurysm likely develops in the third trimester perhaps due to abnormal intimal cushion formation or elastin expression. Although it can be associated with syndromes and severe complications, many affected infants have a benign course. Given the potential for development of other cardiac lesions associated with connective tissue disease, follow-up is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Dyamenahalli
- Department of Pediatrics, the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Weninger WJ, Müller GB, Reiter C, Meng S, Rabl SU. Intimal hyperplasia of the infant parasellar carotid artery: a potential developmental factor in atherosclerosis and SIDS. Circ Res 1999; 85:970-5. [PMID: 10559145 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.85.10.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intimal cushions that project into the lumen of arteries are precursors of atherosclerotic plaque formation. The "carotid siphon, " although frequently affected by atherosclerosis, was never analyzed for the occurrence of neonatal intimal hyperplasia. This study provides a topographic and morphometric analysis of intimal cushions in the parasellar internal carotid artery (pICA) of the human infant. A total of 35 specimens were studied in detail, using both standard histological techniques and a new method of computer-aided 3D reconstruction. Intimal hyperplasia occurred at 3 characteristic locations of the pICA: (1) the convex side of the posterior knee (C5 cushion), (2) the bottom of the horizontal segment (C4 cushion), and (3) the concave side of the anterior knee (C3 cushion). The extension of the cushions and the degrees to which they occluded the vessel lumens were measured. The complex shape of the pICA required 3D computer models for exact topographical descriptions and precise measurements. Our results suggest that the occurrence and degree of intimal hyperplasia are related to shape changes of the pICA during postnatal development. We predict that individuals who retain the relatively straight course of the fetal pICA throughout their lives are less prone to develop atherosclerotic lesions at this portion of the carotid artery. A possible contribution of neonatal intimal cushions to the origin of sudden infant death syndrome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Weninger
- Department of Anatomy and Forensic Medicine (C.R.), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Wu WJ, Vrhovski B, Weiss AS. Glycosaminoglycans mediate the coacervation of human tropoelastin through dominant charge interactions involving lysine side chains. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:21719-24. [PMID: 10419484 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.31.21719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Following cellular secretion into the extracellular matrix, tropoelastin is transported, deposited, and cross-linked to make elastin. Assembly by coacervation was examined for an isoform of tropoelastin that lacks the hydrophilic domain encoded by exon 26A. It is equivalent to a naturally secreted form of tropoelastin and shows similar coacervation performance to its partner containing 26A, thereby generalizing the concept that splice form variants are able to coacervate under comparable conditions. This is optimal under physiological conditions of temperature, salt concentration, and pH. The proteins were examined for their ability to interact with extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans. These negatively charged molecules interacted with positively charged lysine residues and promoted coacervation of tropoelastin in a temperature- and concentration-dependent manner. A testable model for elastin-glycosaminoglycan interactions is proposed, where tropoelastin deposition during elastogenesis is encouraged by local exposure to matrix glycosaminoglycans. Unmodified proteins are retained at approximately 3 microM dissociation constant. Following lysyl oxidase modification of tropoelastin lysine residues, they are released from glycosaminoglycan interactions, thereby permitting those residues to contribute to elastin cross-links.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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