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Wang S, Lyu Y, Ji S, Liu N, Wu B, Zhao F, Li Z, Qu Y, Zhu Y, Xie L, Li Y, Zhang Z, Song H, Hu X, Qiu Y, Zheng X, Zhang W, Yang Y, Li F, Cai J, Zhu Y, Cao Z, Tan F, Shi X. Heavy metals and metalloids exposure and liver function in Chinese adults - A nationally representative cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118653. [PMID: 38518907 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, the effects of heavy metals and metalloids (HMMs) on liver health are not consistently documented, despite their prevalent environmental presence. OBJECTIVE Our research assessed the association between HMMs and liver function biomarkers in a comprehensive sample of Chinese adults. METHODS We analyzed data from 9445 participants in the China National Human Biomonitoring survey. Blood and urine were evaluated for HMM concentrations, and liver health was gauged using serum albumin (ALB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) metrics. Various statistical methods were employed to understand the relationship between 11 HMMs and liver function, adjusting for multiple factors. We also explored interactions with alcohol intake, gender, and age. RESULTS Among HMMs, selenium in blood [weighted geometric mean (GM) = 95.56 μg/L] and molybdenum in urine (GM = 46.44 μg/L) showed the highest concentrations, while lead in blood (GM = 21.92 μg/L) and arsenic in urine (GM = 19.80 μg/L) had the highest levels among risk HMMs. Manganese and thallium consistently indicated potential risk factor to liver in both sample types, while selenium displayed potential liver protection. Blood HMM mixtures were negatively associated with ALB (β = -0.614, 95% CI: -0.809, -0.418) and positively with AST (β = 0.701, 95% CI: 0.290, 1.111). No significant associations were found in urine HMM mixtures. Manganese, tin, nickel, and selenium were notable in blood mixture associations, with selenium and cobalt being significant in urine. The relationship of certain HMMs varied based on alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION This research highlights the complex relationship between HMM exposure and liver health in Chinese adults, particularly emphasizing metals like manganese, thallium, and selenium. The results suggest a need for public health attention to low dose HMM exposure and underscore the potential benefits of selenium for liver health. Further studies are essential to establish causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebin Lyu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Saisai Ji
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Nankun Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yingli Qu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanduo Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Linna Xie
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yawei Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haocan Song
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Hu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yidan Qiu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Institute of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, and Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xulin Zheng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Yang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyu Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojin Cao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Karyakina NA, Shilnikova N, Farhat N, Ramoju S, Cline B, Momoli F, Mattison D, Jensen N, Terrell R, Krewski D. Biomarkers for occupational manganese exposure. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:636-663. [PMID: 36705643 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2128718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Long-term inhalation exposure to manganese (Mn) metal or its inorganic compounds can result in manganism or subclinical neurofunctional deficits. Studies have described affected workers in Mn dioxide mining, Mn-containing ore crushing and milling facilities, manufacturing of dry-cell batteries, Mn steel and alloy production plants, and in welders. The objective of this study was to critically review existing evidence on the reliability of potential biomarkers of Mn exposure, specifically the relationship between inhalation exposure to Mn particulates in different occupational settings and Mn concentrations in blood and other biological fluids and tissues, with a particular focus on whole blood as a potentially useful medium for measuring internal tissue dose. We also examined available evidence on the relationship between Mn levels in blood and adverse clinical and subclinical neurotoxic outcomes. Three bibliographic databases were searched for relevant studies and identified references were screened by two independent reviewers. Of the 6338 unique references identified, 76 articles were retained for data abstraction. Findings indicate that the relationships between Mn in blood and both external Mn exposure indices and neurofunctional impairments are limited and inconsistent. Different sources of exposure to Mn compounds, heterogeneity in the methodological approaches, and inadequate reporting of essential information limited direct comparison of the reported findings. Among the Mn-exposure biomarkers considered in this review - including biomarkers in blood, plasma, serum, erythrocytes, urine, bone, toenails, fingernails, hair, saliva - biomarkers in whole blood may provide to be most useful in Mn biomonitoring and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A Karyakina
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Natalia Shilnikova
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nawal Farhat
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Franco Momoli
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Donald Mattison
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - N Jensen
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - R Terrell
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Shah F, Naeemullah, Kazi TG, Khan RA, Sayed M, Afridi HI, Shah KH, Nisar J. Preconcentration of cadmium and manganese in biological samples based on a novel restricted access sorbents. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hoet P, Roels HA. Significance and Usefulness of Biomarkers of Exposure to Manganese. MANGANESE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622383-00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) accomplishes functions essential to maintaining human health, but at the same time this trace element can be toxic at low levels of exposure and accurate estimation of internal exposure is needed. A biomarker of exposure to Mn is meaningful only if there is sufficient knowledge of the toxicokinetics determining its presence in a biological medium (e.g. whole blood, plasma, urine, hair, nail). Moreover, biological monitoring of exposure to Mn is useful only when the biomarker is sufficiently specific and sensitive to distinguish exposed from non-exposed subjects, when it is dose-related to the external exposure (current, recent, or time-integrated), and when it displays reasonable dose–effect/response relationships with the occurrence of adverse effects on the central nervous system, the critical target for Mn exposure. Human investigations in which biomarkers of Mn exposure meet all these criteria are hard to locate. Overall, the available studies report poor or no associations on an individual basis between external (Mn in air or drinking water) and internal (Mn in blood, urine, hair, or nail) Mn exposure indices. This may be to some extent explained by features inherent of the Mn metabolism (homeostatic control), the Mn biomarker's half-life with respect to the exposure window, and the variable nature of external exposure scenarios. Studies particularly dealing with Mn inhalation exposure, different or poorly described methodological approaches, or air sampling strategies may render direct comparison and interpretation of results a tedious task. Nevertheless, several studies report significant dose–effect associations between biomarkers of Mn exposure and subclinical deficits of psychomotor or neuropsychological test performances. Because directly associated with the site of toxic action and providing the magnetic resonance imaging is done no later than three months after Mn exposure ceased, the Mn T1 relaxation time is potentially the better biomarker of Mn exposure in a clinical context (e.g. after long-term parenteral nutrition, chronic liver failure, methcathinone drug abuse). Magnetic resonance imaging is, however, unpractical as a tool for biological monitoring of exposure to Mn in the occupational setting (inhalation) and in the general population (air, drinking water). In conclusion, it would be inappropriate to recommend, on the basis of the currently available evidence, a reliable well-validated biomarker of exposure to Mn, or to establish a health-based threshold value for subclinical neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Hoet
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP) Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Harry A. Roels
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP) Bruxelles Belgium
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Anger WK. Reconsideration of the WHO NCTB strategy and test selection. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45:224-31. [PMID: 25172409 PMCID: PMC4268438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization-recommended neurobehavioral core test battery (NCTB) became the international standard for identifying adverse human behavioral effects due to neurotoxic chemical exposure when it was first proposed in 1983. Since then the WHO NCTB has been repeatedly cited as the basis for test selection in human neurotoxicology research. A discussion group was held before the International Symposium on Neurobehavioral Methods and Effects in Occupational and Environmental Health to review the NCTB and reconsider its tests. The workshop made three consensus recommendations to the International Congress on Occupational Health (ICOH) Scientific Committee on Neurotoxicology and Psychophysiology (SCNP):. 1. A 'screening' battery of broadly sensitive tests is needed as guidance to the field of human neurotoxicology 2. The SCNP should convene a panel to reconsider the functions measured and the tests in the WHO NCTB 3. Three disciplines should be represented in the panel recommending a revised NCTB: neuropsychology; experimental psychology; neurology. This recommendation will be pursued at the next meeting of the International Congress on Occupational Health (ICOH) Scientific Committee on Neurotoxicology and Psychophysiology (SCNP).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kent Anger
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97034, USA.
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6
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Deng Q, Liu J, Li Q, Chen K, Liu Z, Shen Y, Niu P, Yang Y, Zou Y, Yang X. Interaction of occupational manganese exposure and alcohol drinking aggravates the increase of liver enzyme concentrations from a cross-sectional study in China. Environ Health 2013; 12:30. [PMID: 23587294 PMCID: PMC3639182 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-12-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over exposure to manganese (Mn) can damage the human central nervous system and potentially cause liver toxicity. Alcohol drinking is also one of the well-known harmful factors to hepatic organism. The interaction between Mn exposure and alcohol consumption to liver function was investigated in this study. METHODS A total of 1112 on-the-spot workers were included in the cross-sectional survey from a large scale of manganese exposed workers healthy cohort (MEWHC) in a ferro-manganese refinery company. A questionnaire was used to collect the demographic information, occupational history, and alcohol drinking habits. Occupational health examination was carried out for each worker. The five key serum indices, including total bilirubin (TBILI), direct bilirubin (DBILI), indirect bilirubin (IBILI), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST), were determined to evaluate the liver function of each subject. RESULTS Workers exposed to high levels of Mn had significantly elevated serum concentrations of liver enzymes (DBILI: 3.84±1.20 μmol/L, ALT: 27.04±19.12 IU/L, and AST: 29.96±16.68 IU/L), when compared to those in the low-exposure group (DBIL: 3.54±0.85 μmol/L, ALT: 20.38±10.97 IU/L, and AST: 26.39±8.07 IU/L), all P<0.01. These serum indices had a significantly increasing trend with the elevation of Mn exposure level (Ptrend <0.01). In addition, the workers with alcohol drinking also showed higher concentrations of liver enzymes than those non-drinkers, especially, and there was significant interaction between Mn exposure and alcohol consumption in terms of these three indices (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Occupational exposure to Mn can lead to a dose-dependent increase of liver enzyme concentrations, and interact with alcohol drinking to potentially aggravate the liver damage. It will be important for Mn exposed workers to control drinking and also assess liver function in the occupational health examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Deng
- Department of occupational health and environmental health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of occupational health and environmental health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Kangcheng Chen
- Department of occupational health and environmental health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Piye Niu
- Department of Occupational health and environmental health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of occupational health and environmental health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning, China
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University,, Guangxi, Nanning, China
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7
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Bowler RM, Harris M, Gocheva V, Wilson K, Kim Y, Davis SI, Bollweg G, Lobdell DT, Ngo L, Roels HA. Anxiety affecting parkinsonian outcome and motor efficiency in adults of an Ohio community with environmental airborne manganese exposure. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2012; 215:393-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Kazi AG, Shah F, Wadhwa SK, Kolachi NF, Shah AQ, Baig JA, Kazi N. Levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese and zinc in biological samples of paralysed steel mill workers with related to controls. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:164-82. [PMID: 21547399 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The determination of essential trace and toxic elements in the biological samples of human beings is an important clinical screening procedure. This study aimed to assess the possible effects of environmental exposure on paralysed male workers (n = 75) belonging to the production and quality control departments of a steel mill. In this investigation, the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese and zinc were determined in biological samples (blood, urine and scalp hair samples) of exposed paralysis and non-paralysed steel mill workers. For comparative purposes, unexposed healthy subjects of same age group were selected as referents. The elements in the biological samples were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry prior to microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity of the methodology was checked by the biological certified reference materials. The results indicate that the level understudy elements in all three biological samples were significantly higher in paralysed workers of both groups (quality control and production) as compared to referents (p < 0.01). The possible connection of these elements with the aetiology of disease is discussed. The results also show the need for immediate improvements of workplace ventilation and industrial hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
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9
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Bocca B, Madeddu R, Asara Y, Tolu P, Marchal JA, Forte G. Assessment of reference ranges for blood Cu, Mn, Se and Zn in a selected Italian population. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2011; 25:19-26. [PMID: 21242073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The reference ranges for blood Cu, Mn, Se and Zn of 215 adult subjects non-occupationally exposed and living in the Nuoro province (Sardinia, insular Italy) were assessed. Metals were determined by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave-assisted acid digestion of blood. The blood reference ranges estimated as P5-P95 percentiles (geometric mean, GM) were 776-1495μg/L (1036μg/L) for Cu; 4.73-17.0μg/L (8.91μg/L) for Mn; 106-185μg/L (140μg/L) for Se and 4686-8585μg/L (6418μg/L) for Zn. These results were then stratified for sex, age, alcohol consumption, smoking habit and living area. The GM value of Cu was significantly higher in females (1127μg/L) than in males (957μg/L). Age, alcohol intake, smoking habit and residential area did not influence blood Cu. The GM of Mn was significantly higher in females (9.98μg/L) respect to males (8.01μg/L) and in drinkers (9.67μg/L) compared to non-drinkers (8.38μg/L). The other variables did not change the Mn data. Selenium concentrations did not differ significantly as a function of individuals factors. With reference to Zn, males had GM of 6804μg/L and females of 6031μg/L, and more blood Zn was found in subjects consuming alcohol (6618μg/L) respect to abstainers (6155μg/L). In addition, blood Zn was not affected by age, smoking habit and place of living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bocca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Dipartimento di Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Kazi NG, Jamali MK, Arain MB, Sirajuddin, Kandhro GA, Shah AQ, Baig JA. Evaluation of arsenic, cobalt, copper and manganese in biological Samples of Steel mill workers by electrothermal atomic absorption Spectrometry. Toxicol Ind Health 2009; 25:59-69. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233709103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The determination of trace and toxic elements in biological samples (blood, urine and scalp hair samples) of human beings is an important clinical test. The aim of our present study was to determine the concentration of arsenic (As), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn), in biological samples of male production workers (PW) and quality control workers (QW) of steel mill, with aged 25–55 years, to assess the possible influence of environmental exposure. For comparison purpose, the same biological samples of unexposed healthy males of same age group were collected as control subjects. The determination of all elements in biological samples was carried out by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, prior to microwave assisted acid digestion. The accuracy of the As, Cu, Co and Mn measurements was tested by simultaneously analyzing certified reference materials (CRMs) and for comparative purposes conventional wet acid digestion method was used on the same CRMs. No significant differences were observed between the analytical results and the certified values, using both methods (paired t-test at P > 0.05). The results indicate that concentrations of As, Cu, Co and Mn in all three biological samples of the exposed workers (QW and PW) were significantly higher than those of the controls. The possible correlation of these elements with the etiology of different physiological disorders is discussed. The results were also demonstrated the need of attention for improvements in workplace, ventilation and industrial hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- HI Afridi
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - TG Kazi
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - NG Kazi
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - MK Jamali
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - MB Arain
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sirajuddin
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - GA Kandhro
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - AQ Shah
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - JA Baig
- Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
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Zoni S, Albini E, Lucchini R. Neuropsychological testing for the assessment of manganese neurotoxicity: a review and a proposal. Am J Ind Med 2007; 50:812-30. [PMID: 17918193 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese exposure can cause neurobehavioral and neurological signs and symptoms. A review of the literature was carried out in order to identify the most sensitive and effective methods to assess these outcomes. METHODS Studies on manganese exposure performed with neuropsychological tests were reviewed using Medline. Test methods, obtained outcomes, and dose-response relationships were considered. Based on the review and additional considerations, a testing battery for adult and children was identified. RESULTS A total number of 31 studies were reviewed and divided in 18 occupational, 7 environmental, and 6 on children. A large variety of tests exploring motor and cognitive functions and mood were applied. Neurobehavioral effects were dose-dependent in several studies and determined by much lower exposure levels compared to 1 mg Mn/m(3) in total dust which is considered to be the minimum concentration able to induce the classical clinical features of "manganism." Although through a wide variety of tests, the observed outcomes support the knowledge that manganese exposure can cause neurobehavioral effects. Motor functions are mainly affected in adults, and cognitive functions and behavior are more affected in children. CONCLUSIONS Literature on manganese neurobehavioral effect is quite consistent, however, further improvement may be achieved by using better structured and more comparable evaluation methods. Based on the analysis of the existing experiences a test battery including tests of motor functions, response speed, cognitive functions, intellectual abilities, mood, and symptom questionnaires is suggested. We recommend that the tests indicated should always be included in future studies as a core battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Zoni
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Section of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, Italy.
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Bouchard M, Mergler D, Baldwin M, Panisset M, Roels HA. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and past manganese exposure in a ferro-alloy plant. Neurotoxicology 2006; 28:290-7. [PMID: 16962176 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychiatric manifestations have been reported in cases of manganism, and mood disorders are often observed in manganese (Mn) exposed workers. We examined neuropsychiatric symptoms among formerly Mn-exposed workers 14 years after cessation of exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS A study was conducted in 1990 among workers from a ferro- and silico-Mn plant and unexposed working men referents from the same region in South-West Quebec. At follow-up in 2004, 77 former Mn-workers and 81 referents agreed to participate and responded to a neuropsychiatric symptom checklist, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI); scores were transformed into T-scores based on a normative population. Cumulated exposure indices (CEI) were computed for each former Mn-worker. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used. RESULTS Mean T-scores were significantly higher among former Mn-workers than referents on scales of Depression and Anxiety. Mean T-scores of psychological distress increased with the CEI tertiles, with significant associations for the scales Somatization, Depression, Anxiety and Hostility. Former Mn-workers in the two highest tertiles of CEI showed a higher risk for T-scores >or=63 for Hostility (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 1.5-38.9), Depression (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1-8.4) and Anxiety (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.1-8.4). CONCLUSION These results suggest that past exposure to Mn may have lasting consequences on neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Bouchard
- CINBIOSE, Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, CINBIOSE (SB-1983), C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
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Bouchard M, Mergler D, Baldwin M. Manganese exposure and age: neurobehavioral performance among alloy production workers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2005; 19:687-694. [PMID: 21783543 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2004.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is associated with neurotoxic effects under certain conditions of exposure. A recent study on environmental Mn exposure showed an Mn×age interaction for several neurobehavioral functions. The objective of the present study was to examine the neurobehavioral test results in relation to age and Mn exposure, using an existing data set on 74 workers from an Mn alloy production plant and referents pair-matched for age (±3 years), educational level (±2 years), number of children, and smoking status. The pair differences between Mn-exposed workers and referents increased significantly with age for scores on Delayed Word Recall, Trail Making B, Cancellation H, Nine-Hole Hand Steadiness Test, and Vibratometer. These results suggest that for certain neurobehavioral functions, and in particular for information processing, Mn-related deficits increase with age. This outcome could not be explained by higher cumulative Mn exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Bouchard
- Centre d'étude des interactions biologiques entre la santé et l'environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Canada H3C 3P8
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