1
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Terner J, Thomas KE, Vazquez-Lima H, Ghosh A. Structure-sensitive marker bands of metallocorroles: A resonance Raman study of manganese and Gold Corrole derivatives. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 231:111783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Alemayehu A, M cCormick LJ, Gagnon KJ, Borisov SM, Ghosh A. Stable Platinum(IV) Corroles: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, and Room-Temperature Near-IR Phosphorescence. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9360-9368. [PMID: 31459069 PMCID: PMC6645213 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of stable Pt(IV) corrole complexes with the general formula PtIV[TpXPC](m/p-C6H4CN)(py), where TpXPC3- is the trianion of a tris(p-X-phenyl)corrole and X = CF3, H, and CH3, has been synthesized, affording key physicochemical data on a rare and elusive class of metallocorroles. Single-crystal X-ray structures of two of the complexes revealed very short equatorial Pt-N distances of 1.94-1.97 Å, an axial Pt-C distance of ∼2.03 Å, and an axial Pt-N distance of ∼2.22 Å. The complexes exhibit Soret maxima at ∼430 nm, which are essentially independent of the meso-aryl para substituents, and strong Q bands with the most intense peak at 595-599 nm. The substituent-independent Soret maxima are consistent with an innocent PtIV-corrole3- description for the complexes. The low reduction potentials (-1.45 ± 0.08 V vs saturated calomel reference electrode) also support a highly stable Pt(IV) ground state as opposed to a noninnocent corrole•2- description. The reductions, however, are irreversible, which suggests that they involve concomitant cleavage of the Pt-aryl bond. Unlike Pt(IV) porphyrins, two of the complexes, PtIV[TpXPC](m-C6H4CN)(py) (X = CF3 and CH3), were found to exhibit room-temperature near-IR phosphorescence with emission maxima at 813 and 826 nm, respectively. The quantum yield of ∼0.3% is comparable to those observed for six-coordinate Ir(III) corroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham
B. Alemayehu
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura J. McCormick
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Kevin J. Gagnon
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720-8229, United States
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT—The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- E-mail:
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3
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Jiang X, Naitana ML, Desbois N, Quesneau V, Brandès S, Rousselin Y, Shan W, Osterloh WR, Blondeau-Patissier V, Gros CP, Kadish KM. Electrochemistry of Bis(pyridine)cobalt (Nitrophenyl)corroles in Nonaqueous Media. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1226-1241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Mario L. Naitana
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Desbois
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Valentin Quesneau
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Brandès
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Yoann Rousselin
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Wenqian Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - W. Ryan Osterloh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Virginie Blondeau-Patissier
- Department of Time-Frequency, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut FEMTO-ST (UMR CNRS 6174), 26 Chemin de l’épitaphe, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Claude P. Gros
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, Cedex, France
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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4
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Song Y, Fang Y, Ou Z, Capar J, Wang C, Conradie J, Thomas KE, Wamser CC, Ghosh A, Kadish KM. Influence of β-octabromination on free-base triarylcorroles: Electrochemistry and protonation-deprotonation reactions in nonaqueous media. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical and acid-base properties of four free-base triarylcorroles were examined in nonaqueous media. These compounds are represented here as (tdcc)H[Formula: see text], (tpfc)H[Formula: see text], (Br[Formula: see text]tdcc)H[Formula: see text] and (Br[Formula: see text]tpfc)H[Formula: see text], where tdcc and tpfc are the trianions of tris(2,6-dichlorophenyl)corrole and tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, respectively. Different spectroscopic and electrochemical properties were observed for the [Formula: see text]-brominated corroles as compared to the non-brominated derivatives, due in part to the corrole ring distortion and in part to the strong electron-withdrawing properties of the Br groups. The brominated free-base corroles are easier to deprotonate than the non-brominated corroles in solution, which was confirmed by electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry as well as protonation/deprotonation reactions of the compounds with acid or base in PhCN. The electrochemistry of the protonated and deprotonated corroles is presented and comparisons made with previously published data for other protonated and deprotonated free-base corroles under the same solution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Jan Capar
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Chenyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, USA
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Kolle E. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Carl C. Wamser
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, USA
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
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5
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Morales Vásquez MA, Hamer M, Neuman NI, Tesio AY, Hunt A, Bogo H, Calvo EJ, Doctorovich F. Iron and Cobalt Corroles in Solution and on Carbon Nanotubes as Molecular Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production by Water Reduction. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Morales Vásquez
- INQUIMAE, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria; Pabellón II Buenos Aires C1428EHA Argentina
| | - Mariana Hamer
- Instituto de Nanosistemas; Universidad Nacional de San Martin, CONICET; Buenos Aires B1650 Argentina
| | - Nicolás I. Neuman
- INQUIMAE, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria; Pabellón II Buenos Aires C1428EHA Argentina
- Departamento de Física, FBCB-UNL, CONICET; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Ciudad Universitaria; Ruta N 168 S/N S3000ZAA Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Alvaro Y. Tesio
- INQUIMAE, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria; Pabellón II Buenos Aires C1428EHA Argentina
| | - Andrés Hunt
- INQUIMAE, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria; Pabellón II Buenos Aires C1428EHA Argentina
| | - Horacio Bogo
- INQUIMAE, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria; Pabellón II Buenos Aires C1428EHA Argentina
| | - Ernesto J. Calvo
- INQUIMAE, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria; Pabellón II Buenos Aires C1428EHA Argentina
| | - Fabio Doctorovich
- INQUIMAE, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, CONICET; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Ciudad Universitaria; Pabellón II Buenos Aires C1428EHA Argentina
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6
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Ultrafast Dynamics of Sb-Corroles: A Combined Vis-Pump Supercontinuum Probe and Broadband Fluorescence Up-Conversion Study. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071174. [PMID: 28703762 PMCID: PMC6152390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Corroles are a developing class of tetrapyrrole-based molecules with significant chemical potential and relatively unexplored photophysical properties. We combined femtosecond broadband fluorescence up-conversion and fs broadband Vis-pump Vis-probe spectroscopy to comprehensively characterize the photoreaction of 5,10,15-tris-pentafluorophenyl-corrolato-antimony(V)-trans-difluoride (Sb-tpfc-F₂). Upon fs Soret band excitation at ~400 nm, the energy relaxed almost completely to Q band electronic excited states with a time constant of 500 ± 100 fs; this is evident from the decay of Soret band fluorescence at around 430 nm and the rise time of Q band fluorescence, as well as from Q band stimulated emission signals at 600 and 650 nm with the same time constant. Relaxation processes on a time scale of 10 and 20 ps were observed in the fluorescence and absorption signals. Triplet formation showed a time constant of 400 ps, with an intersystem crossing yield from the Q band to the triplet manifold of between 95% and 99%. This efficient triplet formation is due to the spin-orbit coupling of the antimony ion.
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7
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Ghosh A. Electronic Structure of Corrole Derivatives: Insights from Molecular Structures, Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Quantum Chemical Calculations. Chem Rev 2017; 117:3798-3881. [PMID: 28191934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein is a comprehensive account of the electronic structure of corrole derivatives. Our knowledge in this area derives from a broad range of methods, including UV-vis-NIR absorption and MCD spectroscopies, single-crystal X-ray structure determination, vibrational spectroscopy, NMR and EPR spectroscopies, electrochemistry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations, the latter including both density functional theory and ab initio multiconfigurational methods. The review is organized according to the Periodic Table, describing free-base and main-group element corrole derivatives, then transition-metal corroles, and finally f-block element corroles. Like porphyrins, corrole derivatives with a redox-inactive coordinated atom follow the Gouterman four-orbital model. A key difference from porphyrins is the much wider prevalence of noninnocent electronic structures as well as full-fledged corrole•2- radicals among corrole derivatives. The most common orbital pathways mediating ligand noninnocence in transition-metal corroles are the metal(dz2)-corrole("a2u") interaction (most commonly observed in Mn and Fe corroles) and the metal(dx2-y2)-corrole(a2u) interaction in coinage metal corroles. Less commonly encountered is the metal(dπ)-corrole("a1u") interaction, a unique feature of formal d5 metallocorroles. Corrole derivatives exhibit a rich array of optical properties, including substituent-sensitive Soret maxima indicative of ligand noninnocence, strong fluorescence in the case of lighter main-group element complexes, and room-temperature near-IR phosphorescence in the case of several 5d metal complexes. The review concludes with an attempt at identifying gaps in our current knowledge and potential future directions of electronic-structural research on corrole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway , 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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9
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Stensitzki T, Yang Y, Berg A, Mahammed A, Gross Z, Heyne K. Ultrafast electronic and vibrational dynamics in brominated aluminum corroles: Energy relaxation and triplet formation. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:043210. [PMID: 27226980 PMCID: PMC4866960 DOI: 10.1063/1.4949363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We combined femtosecond (fs) VIS pump-IR probe spectroscopy with fs VIS pump-supercontinuum probe spectroscopy to characterize the photoreaction of the hexacoordinated Al(tpfc-Br8)(py)2 in a comprehensive way. Upon fs excitation at ∼400 nm in the Soret band, the excitation energy relaxes with a time constant of (250 ± 80) fs to the S2 and S1 electronic excited states. This is evident from the rise time of the stimulated emission signal in the visible spectral range. On the same time scale, narrowing of broad infrared signals in the C=C stretching region around 1500 cm(-1) is observed. Energy redistribution processes are visible in the vibrational and electronic dynamics with time constants between ∼2 ps and ∼20 ps. Triplet formation is detected with a time constant of (95 ± 3) ps. This is tracked by the complete loss of stimulated emission. Electronic transition of the emerging triplet absorption band overlaps considerably with the singlet excited state absorption. In contrast, two well separated vibrational marker bands for triplet formation were identified at 1477 cm(-1) and at 1508 cm(-1). These marker bands allow a precise identification of triplet dynamics in corrole systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stensitzki
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Free University Berlin , Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y Yang
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Free University Berlin , Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Berg
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - A Mahammed
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Z Gross
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - K Heyne
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Free University Berlin , Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Greco JA, Rossi A, Birge RR, Brückner C. A spectroscopic and theoretical investigation of a free-base meso-trithienylcorrole. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:402-14. [PMID: 24303811 DOI: 10.1111/php.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The unique optical properties of free-base meso-tris(5-methylthien-2-yl)corrole were compared to those of the widely investigated meso-triphenyl-substituted analogue. A combination of spectroscopic and computational experiments was undertaken to elucidate the relationship between structural features of the neutral, mono-anionic and mono-cationic forms of the corroles and their corresponding optical properties. A general bathochromic shift was measured for the thienyl-substituted corrole. The experimental spectra are supported by excited state calculations. A systematic series of ground state minimizations were performed to determine energy minima for the flexible and solvent-sensitive molecules. Trithienylcorrole was found to have a more nonplanar macrocycle in conjunction with a high degree of π-overlap with the meso-substituents. Both structural features contribute to their bathochromically shifted optical spectra. The configurational character of the thienyl-substituted corrole is shown to have a larger degree of molecular orbital mixing and doubly excited character, which suggest a more complex electronic structure that does not fully adhere to the Gouterman four-orbital model. The reactivity of the thienyl groups, particularly with respect to their ability to be (electro)-polymerized, combined with the tight coupling of the meso-thienyl groups with the corrole chromophore elucidated in this work, recommends the meso-thienylcorroles as building blocks in, for instance, organic semiconductor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Greco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
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11
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Gao H, Chen F, Wang C, Wang G, Chen D. Vibrational Spectra and Density Functional Theory Calculations of Metallotriphenylcorroles. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/26/04/398-408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Liu HY, Mahmood MHR, Qiu SX(S, Chang CK. Recent developments in manganese corrole chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Gao HL, Yao GH, Chen F, Wang WL, Chen DM. Density Functional Theory Investigation of Structures and Electronic Spectra of N-protonated Corroles. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/25/03/281-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Ou Z, Erben C, Autret M, Will S, Rosen D, Lex J, Vogel E, Kadish KM. Manganese(III) and manganese(IV) corroles: synthesis, spectroscopic, electrochemical and X-ray structural characterization. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424605000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and electrochemistry of four Mn(III) and Mn(IV) octaethylcorroles are reported and the potentials of the Mn(III) / Mn(IV) and Mn(IV) / Mn(III) processes examined as a function of the axial ligand. The investigated compounds are represented as ( OEC ) Mn , ( OEC ) MnCl , ( OEC ) Mn ( py ) and ( OEC ) Mn ( C 6 H 5) where OEC is the trianion of octaethylcorrole. The first one-electron oxidation of ( OEC ) Mn III and ( OEC ) Mn III ( py ) in PhCN or pyridine containing 0.1 M TBAP leads to the facile formation of a Mn(IV) species while the first one-electron reduction of ( OEC ) Mn IV Cl and ( OEC ) Mn IV ( C 6 H 5) in the same two solvents leads to the Mn(III) corrole. All other redox reactions occur at the corrole macrocycle to give π-cation radicals or π-anion radicals and there is no evidence for electrogeneration of a compound with a Mn(II) oxidation state as is the case for manganese(III) porphyrins which are all easily reduced to the Mn(II) state in nonaqueous media. The products of each Mn(III)/Mn(IV) redox reaction were characterized by UV-visible and/or ESR spectroscopy and the structures of ( OEC ) MnCl , ( OEC ) Mn ( py ) and ( OEC ) Mn ( C 6 H 5) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Ou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
| | - Christoph Erben
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Marie Autret
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
| | - Stefan Will
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Daniel Rosen
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Johann Lex
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Emanuel Vogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
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15
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Peng Q, Pavlik JW, Scheidt WR, Wiest O. Predicting Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectra of [Fe(OEP)(NO)]. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:214-223. [PMID: 23204948 PMCID: PMC3507453 DOI: 10.1021/ct2006456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy (NRVS) is a sensitive vibrational probe for biologically important heme complexes. The exquisite sensitivity of the NRVS data to the electronic structure provides detailed insights into the nature of these interesting compounds, but requires highly accurate computational methods for the mode assignments. To determine the best combinations of density functionals and basis sets, a series of benchmark DFT calculations on the previously characterized complex [Fe(OEP)NO] (OEP(2-)=octaethylporphyrinatio dianion) were performed. A test set of 21 methodology combinations including 8 functionals (BP86, mPWPW91, B3LYP, PBE1PBE, M062X, M06L, LC-BP86 and ωB97X-D) and 5 basis set (VTZ, TZVP, Lanl2DZ for iron and 6-31G*, 6-31+G* for other atoms) was carried out to calculate electronic structures and vibrational frequencies. We also implemented the conversion of frequency calculations into orientation-selective mode composition factors (e(2)), which can used to simulate the Vibrational Density Of States (VDOS) using Gaussian normal distribution functions. These use a series of user-friendly scripts for their application to NRVS. The structures as well as the isotropic and anisotropic NRVS of [Fe(OEP)NO] obtained with the M06L functional with a variety of basis sets are found to best reproduce the available experimental data, followed by B3LYP/LanL2DZ calculations. Other density functionals and basis sets do not produce the same level of accuracy. The noticeably worse agreement between theory and experiment for the out-plane NRVS compared with the excellent performance of the M06L functional for the in-plane prediction is attributed to deficiencies of the physical model rather than the computational methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 (USA)
| | - Jeffrey W. Pavlik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 (USA)
| | - W. Robert Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 (USA)
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 (USA)
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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16
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Palmer JH, Durrell AC, Gross Z, Winkler JR, Gray HB. Near-IR phosphorescence of iridium(III) corroles at ambient temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:9230-1. [PMID: 20568752 DOI: 10.1021/ja101647t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of Ir(III) corroles differ from those of phosphorescent porphyrin complexes, cyclometalated and polyimine Ir(III) compounds, and other luminescent metallocorroles. Ir(III) corrole phosphorescence is observed at ambient temperature at wavelengths much longer (>800 nm) than those of most Ir(III) phosphors. The solvatochromic behavior of Ir(III)-corrole Soret and Q absorption bands suggests that the lowest singlet excited states (S(2) and S(1)) are substantially more polar than the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H Palmer
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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17
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Gao Y, Åkermark T, Liu J, Sun L, Åkermark B. Nucleophilic Attack of Hydroxide on a MnV Oxo Complex: A Model of the O−O Bond Formation in the Oxygen Evolving Complex of Photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8726-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja901139r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden, Division of Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 10044 Stockholm, Sweden, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT−KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Zhongshan Road 158-40, 116012 Dalian, China, and Division of
| | - Torbjörn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden, Division of Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 10044 Stockholm, Sweden, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT−KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Zhongshan Road 158-40, 116012 Dalian, China, and Division of
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden, Division of Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 10044 Stockholm, Sweden, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT−KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Zhongshan Road 158-40, 116012 Dalian, China, and Division of
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden, Division of Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 10044 Stockholm, Sweden, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT−KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Zhongshan Road 158-40, 116012 Dalian, China, and Division of
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden, Division of Applied Electrochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 10044 Stockholm, Sweden, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT−KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Zhongshan Road 158-40, 116012 Dalian, China, and Division of
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Ngo TH, Van Rossom W, Dehaen W, Maes W. Reductive demetallation of Cu-corroles—a new protective strategy towards functional free-base corroles. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:439-43. [DOI: 10.1039/b819185a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Czernuszewicz RS, Mody V, Zareba AA, Zaczek MB, Gałezowski M, Sashuk V, Grela K, Gryko DT. Solvent-Dependent Resonance Raman Spectra of High-Valent Oxomolybdenum(V) Tris[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]corrolate. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:5616-24. [PMID: 17547394 DOI: 10.1021/ic070275g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UV-visible, infrared (IR), and resonance Raman (RR) spectra were measured and analyzed for a high-valent molybdenum(V)-oxo complex of 5,10,15-tris[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]corrole (1) at room temperature. The strength of the metal-oxo bond in 1 was found to be strongly solvent-dependent. Solid-state IR and RR spectra of 1 exhibited the MoVO stretching vibration at nu(MoVO)=969 cm(-1). It shifted up by 6 cm(-1) to 975 cm(-1) in n-hexane and then gradually shifted to lower frequencies in more polar solvents, down to 960 cm(-1) in dimethyl sulfoxide. The results imply that stronger acceptor solvents weaken the MoVO bond. The 45-cm(-1) frequency downshifts displayed by 1 containing an 18O label in the molybdenum(V)-oxo unit confirmed the assignments for the observed IR and RR nu(MoVO) bands. The solvent-induced frequency shift for the nu(MoVO) RR band, measured in a series of 25 organic solvents ranging from n-hexane (AN=0.0) to N-methylformamide (AN=32.1), did not decrease in direct proportion to Gutmann's solvent acceptor numbers (ANs). However, a good linear correlation of the nu(MoVO) frequency was found against an empirical "solvent polarity" scale (A+B) of Swain et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 502-513. A molecular association was observed between chloroform and oxomolybdenum(V) corrole 1 through MoO...H/CCl3 hydrogen-bonding interactions. This association manifested itself as a shift of the nu(MoVO) RR band of 1 in CDCl3 to a higher frequency compared to that in CHCl3.
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Bröring M, Brégier F, Cónsul Tejero E, Hell C, Holthausen MC. Revisiting the electronic ground state of copper corroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:445-8. [PMID: 17131440 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bröring
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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Xia M, Liu J, Gao Y, Åkermark B, Sun L. Synthesis and Photophysical and Electrochemical Study of Tyrosine Covalently Linked to High-Valent Copper(III) and Manganese(IV) Complexes. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gao Y, Liu J, Wang M, Na Y, Åkermark B, Sun L. Synthesis and characterization of manganese and copper corrole xanthene complexes as catalysts for water oxidation. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bröring M, Brégier F, Cónsul Tejero E, Hell C, Holthausen M. Zum elektronischen Grundzustand des Kupfercorrols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200603676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Terner J, Palaniappan V, Gold A, Weiss R, Fitzgerald MM, Sullivan AM, Hosten CM. Resonance Raman spectroscopy of oxoiron(IV) porphyrin π-cation radical and oxoiron(IV) hemes in peroxidase intermediates. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:480-501. [PMID: 16513173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic cycle intermediates of heme peroxidases, known as compounds I and II, have been of long standing interest as models for intermediates of heme proteins, such as the terminal oxidases and cytochrome P450 enzymes, and for non-heme iron enzymes as well. Reports of resonance Raman signals for compound I intermediates of the oxo-iron(IV) porphyrin pi-cation radical type have been sometimes contradictory due to complications arising from photolability, causing compound I signals to appear similar to those of compound II or other forms. However, studies of synthetic systems indicated that protein based compound I intermediates of the oxoiron(IV) porphyrin pi-cation radical type should exhibit vibrational signatures that are different from the non-radical forms. The compound I intermediates of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and chloroperoxidase (CPO) from Caldariomyces fumago do in fact exhibit unique and characteristic vibrational spectra. The nature of the putative oxoiron(IV) bond in peroxidase intermediates has been under discussion in the recent literature, with suggestions that the Fe(IV)O unit might be better described as Fe(IV)-OH. The generally low Fe(IV)O stretching frequencies observed for proteins have been difficult to mimic in synthetic ferryl porphyrins via electron donation from trans axial ligands alone. Resonance Raman studies of iron-oxygen vibrations within protein species that are sensitive to pH, deuteration, and solvent oxygen exchange, indicate that hydrogen bonding to the oxoiron(IV) group within the protein environment contributes to substantial lowering of Fe(IV)O frequencies relative to those of synthetic model compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Terner
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2006, USA.
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Ventura B, Degli Esposti A, Koszarna B, Gryko DT, Flamigni L. Photophysical characterization of free-base corroles, promising chromophores for light energy conversion and singlet oxygen generation. NEW J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b507979a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Silaghi-Dumitrescu R. The nature of the high-valent complexes in the catalytic cycles of hemoproteins. J Biol Inorg Chem 2004; 9:471-6. [PMID: 15106002 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-004-0543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report geometry optimization results on heme compound I (ferryl-oxo + porphyrin cation radical), compound II (ferryl-oxo) and ferric-hydroxo species with thiolate or imidazole axial ligands. We also examine protonated forms of compound I and compound II species, prompted by recent reports that, in at least two different hemoproteins, compound II may in fact contain a hydroxo rather than an oxo ligand. We propose that the stable compound I and compound II species of hemoproteins (e.g., peroxidases and myoglobin) most likely contain a hydroxo rather than the oxo ligand traditionally assumed, whereas the extremely transient compound I species of monooxygenase hemoproteins (P450) would contain an oxo atom. We show evidence impacting the previously accepted notion in hemoprotein computational chemistry that non-covalent interactions and medium polarization effects are essential in properly describing the electronic structure of heme-thiolate high-valent complexes. On a different note, we find that the charge density on the iron remains essentially the same throughout the catalytic cycles of heme-containing oxygenases and peroxidases, despite clear changes in bond lengths and spin densities suggestive of various iron oxidation states. The iron thus appears to simply relay the electron flux between the porphyrin and the axial dioxygen/superoxo/peroxo/oxo/hydroxo ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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Leu BM, Zgierski MZ, Wyllie GRA, Scheidt WRE, Sturhahn W, Alp EE, Durbin SM, Sage JT. Quantitative vibrational dynamics of iron in nitrosyl porphyrins. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:4211-27. [PMID: 15053610 PMCID: PMC1570756 DOI: 10.1021/ja038526h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We use quantitative experimental and theoretical approaches to characterize the vibrational dynamics of the Fe atom in porphyrins designed to model heme protein active sites. Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) yields frequencies, amplitudes, and directions for 57Fe vibrations in a series of ferrous nitrosyl porphyrins, which provide a benchmark for evaluation of quantum chemical vibrational calculations. Detailed normal mode predictions result from DFT calculations on ferrous nitrosyl tetraphenylporphyrin Fe(TPP)(NO), its cation [Fe(TPP)(NO)]+, and ferrous nitrosyl porphine Fe(P)(NO). Differing functionals lead to significant variability in the predicted Fe-NO bond length and frequency for Fe(TPP)(NO). Otherwise, quantitative comparison of calculated and measured Fe dynamics on an absolute scale reveals good overall agreement, suggesting that DFT calculations provide a reliable guide to the character of observed Fe vibrational modes. These include a series of modes involving Fe motion in the plane of the porphyrin, which are rarely identified using infrared and Raman spectroscopies. The NO binding geometry breaks the four-fold symmetry of the Fe environment, and the resulting frequency splittings of the in-plane modes predicted for Fe(TPP)(NO) agree with observations. In contrast to expectations of a simple three-body model, mode energy remains localized on the FeNO fragment for only two modes, an N-O stretch and a mode with mixed Fe-NO stretch and FeNO bend character. Bending of the FeNO unit also contributes to several of the in-plane modes, but no primary FeNO bending mode is identified for Fe(TPP)(NO). Vibrations associated with hindered rotation of the NO and heme doming are predicted at low frequencies, where Fe motion perpendicular to the heme is identified experimentally at 73 and 128 cm-1. Identification of the latter two modes is a crucial first step toward quantifying the reactive energetics of Fe porphyrins and heme proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan M. Leu
- Department of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Marek Z. Zgierski
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Science, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OR6
| | - Graeme R. A. Wyllie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - W. Rob ert Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Wolfgang Sturhahn
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439
| | - E. Ercan Alp
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439
| | | | - J. Timothy Sage
- Department of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
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Luobeznova I, Simkhovich L, Goldberg I, Gross Z. Electronic Structures and Reactivities of Corrole−Copper Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200300806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
The one-pot corrole synthesis first reported by the Gross and Paolesse groups appears to have evolved into a remarkably general and predictable self-assembly based synthetic reaction. Gross's solvent-free procedure (refs 8 and 9) has proven particularly effective in our hands and, in fact, more general than originally claimed. In earlier work (ref 17), we showed that the reaction works for a variety of aromatic aldehyde starting materials and was not limited to relatively electron-deficient aldehydes, as reported by Gross and co-workers. Here, we show that the pyrrole component is also variable in that 3,4-difluoropyrrole undergoes oxidative condensation with four different p-X-substituted benzaldehydes to yield the corresponding beta-octafluoro-meso-tris(para-X-phenyl)corroles (X = CF3, H, CH3, and OCH3). Further, we have prepared the Cu and FeCl derivatives of the beta-octafluorocorrole ligands. The XPS nitrogen 1s ionization potentials of these fluorinated ligands are some 0.7 eV higher than those of the corresponding beta-unfluorinated ligands. The oxidation half-wave potentials of the Cu and FeCl complexes of the fluorinated corroles are also positively shifted by 300-400 mV relative to their beta-unsubstituted analogues, demonstrating the strongly electron-deficient character of the fluorinated ligands. 1H NMR spectroscopy suggests that like their beta-unfluorinated counterparts, the new beta-octafluorinated triarylcorroles act as substantially noninnocent ligands, i.e., exhibit corrole pi-cation radical character, in the FeCl complexes. Quantitatively, however, NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations indicate that the beta-octafluorinated corroles are somewhat less noninnocent (i.e., carry less radical character) than their beta-unfluorinated counterparts in the FeCl complexes. Temperature-dependent 19F NMR spectroscopy suggests that the Cu octafluorocorroles have a thermally accessible paramagnetic excited state, which we assign as a Cu(II) corrole pi-cation radical. We have previously reported that the electronic absorption spectra, particularly the Soret absorption maxima, of high-valent transition metal triarylcorroles are very sensitive to the nature of the substituents in the meso positions. In contrast, the Soret absorption maxima of free-base triarylcorroles are not particularly sensitive to the nature of the meso substituents. This scenario also holds for the fluorinated corroles described here. Thus, although the four free-base fluorinated triarylcorroles exhibit practically identical Soret absorption maxima, the Soret bands of the Cu derivatives of the same corroles red-shift by approximately 35 nm on going from the p-CF3 to the p-OCH3 derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Steene
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Brückner C, Briñas RP, Krause Bauer JA. X-ray structure and variable temperature NMR spectra of [meso-triarylcorrolato]copper(III). Inorg Chem 2003; 42:4495-7. [PMID: 12870931 DOI: 10.1021/ic034080u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The diamagnetic square planar d(8) complexes [meso-arylcorrolato]copper(III) become paramagnetic upon warming, indicative of the equilibrium between the [corrolato]copper(III) and the [corrolato](+)* copper(II) forms of the complex. [meso-Triphenylcorrolato]copper(III) was structurally characterized and found to be saddled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, Unit 3060, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA.
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Saltsman I, Goldberg I, Gross Z. One-step conversions of a simple corrole into chiral and amphiphilic derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ghosh A, Steene E. High-valent transition metal centers versus noninnocent ligands in metallocorroles: insights from electrochemistry and implications for high-valent heme protein intermediates. J Inorg Biochem 2002; 91:423-36. [PMID: 12175935 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(02)00484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
For relatively electron-rich corrole ligands, the halfwave potentials for oxidation of Cu(III), Sn(IV)Ph, Fe(IV)Ph, and Fe(IV)-O-Fe(IV) complexes are significantly lower than those of Sn(IV)Cl, Fe(IV)Cl, Mn(IV)Cl, and Cr(V)(O) complexes, suggesting that the corrole ligand is relatively electron-rich or 'innocent' in the former group of complexes and that it is relatively electron-deficient or 'noninnocent' in the latter group. Both the formal charge of the central metal ion and the nature of the axial ligand, if any, appear to be key determinants of the electronic character of the corrole ligand in metallocorrole complexes, a theme that has interesting resonances with recent findings on high-valent heme protein intermediates. However, for very strongly electron-deficient ligands such as meso-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (TPFPC) and beta-octabromo-meso-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (Br(8)TPFPC), which cannot sustain significant radical character, the various metal complexes all exhibit comparable halfwave potentials for oxidation and the ligand may be considered to be relatively innocent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Wasbotten IH, Wondimagegn T, Ghosh A. Electronic absorption, resonance Raman, and electrochemical studies of planar and saddled copper(III) meso-triarylcorroles. Highly substituent-sensitive Soret bands as a distinctive feature of high-valent transition metal corroles. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:8104-16. [PMID: 12095356 DOI: 10.1021/ja0113697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present here a first systematic study of substituent effects in metallocorroles, based on electronic absorption, resonance Raman (RR), and infrared (IR) spectroscopic studies and electrochemical measurements on 10 copper(III) meso-triarylcorroles, Cu(III)[beta-Y(8)TArC], where the beta-substituent Y = H or Br and the meso-aryl group Ar = C(6)F(5) or p-X-C(6)H(4) and X = CF(3), H, CH(3), and OCH(3). The results afford a number of significant inisights. (1) The RR (and IR) results show that at least two and possibly more high-frequency bands in the 1400-1550 cm(-1) region exhibit significant frequency downshifts on beta-octabromination and, thus, qualify as structure-sensitive marker bands. DFT geometry optimizations indicate that the saddled conformation should be clearly preferred for the beta-octabromo-meso-triarylcorrole derivatives studied and that beta-octabromination results in expansion of a number of skeletal bond distances of the corrole macrocycle, consistent with observed frequency downshifts. (2) Electrochemical measurements on planar Cu(III)[TArC] derivatives have shown that the para substituents on the meso-aryl groups exert a strong influence on the half-wave potentials for oxidation (rho(ox) = DeltaE(1/2ox)/Delta(3sigma) = 95 mV), suggesting that oxidation involves removal of an electron from the corrole "b(1)" HOMO, which has significant amplitudes at the meso postions and crudely resembles a porphyrin a(2u) HOMO in shape. In contrast, the Hammett rho(ox) is much lower for the nonplanar Cu(III)[Br(8)TArC] derivatives and we suggest that this ultimately results from a b(1)-to-a(2) HOMO reversal which in turn stems from a metal (d(x2-y2)-corrole ("b(1)") orbital interaction that becomes symmetry-allowed under a saddle distortion of the corrole macrocycle. In contrast to what has been observed for metallotetraphenylporphyrins, beta-octabromination dramatically raises the half-wave potential for one-electron oxidation of the triarylcorrole derivatives studied. This appears to be due to the fact that both the "a(2)" and "b(1)" HOMOs of a corrole (in C(2v) notation) have significantly higher amplitudes at the beta positions, compared to a porphyrin a(2u) HOMO. Thus, although many metallocorroles are significantly more easily oxidizable than analogous metalloporphyrins, certain beta-octahalogeno-meso-triarylcorrole derivatives can indeed be extremely electron deficient and oxidation resistant and may, therefore, find use as rugged catalysts or reagents under highly oxidizing conditions. (3) Finally, the Soret absorption maxima of high-valent metallotriarylcorroles exhibit a uniquely sensitive dependence on the substituents on the meso-aryl groups. Thus, on going from Cu(III)[T(p-CF(3)-P)C] (T(p-CF(3)-P)C = meso-tris((p-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)corrolato) to Cu(III)[T(p-OM-P)C] (T(p-OM-P)C = meso-tris(p-methoxyphenyl)corrolato), the Soret maximum red shifts by 26 nm, from 407 to 433 nm. Similarly, on going from Cu(III)[Br(8)T(p-CF(3)-P)C] (Br(8)T(p-CF(3)-P)C = beta-octabromo-meso-tris((p-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)corrolato) to Cu(III)[Br(8)T(p-OM-P)C] (Br(8)T(p-CF(3)-P)C = beta-octabromo-meso-tris(p-methoxyphenyl)corrolato), the Soret maximum red shifts by 34 nm, from 434 to 468 nm. Time-dependent DFT calculations suggest that this substituent dependence reflects significant ligand-to-metal charge-transfer character of certain transitions in the Soret region. The optical spectra of free-base and non-high-valent transition metal tetrapyrroles, in general, do not exhibit a similar substituent dependence.
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