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Chiang HL, Lin CY, Jan FD, Lin YS, Hsu CT, Whang-Peng J, Liu LF, Nieh S, Lin CC, Hwang J. A novel synthetic bipartite carrier protein for developing glycotope-based vaccines. Vaccine 2012; 30:7573-81. [PMID: 23099332 PMCID: PMC3513549 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of successful vaccines against glycotopes remains a major challenge. In the current studies, we have successfully developed a novel carrier protein for glycotopes based on the concept of antigen clustering and specific stimulation of T helper cells to mount strong antibody response to glycotopes. The bipartite carrier protein consists of a tandem repeat of a cysteine-rich peptide for docking of clustered glycotopes to effectively activate B cells and an Fc domain for antigen delivery to antigen presenting cells (APCs). To demonstrate its utility, we conjugated the tumor-specific monosaccharide antigen Tn to this novel carrier protein and successfully developed a Tn vaccine against cancer in animal models. The Tn vaccine effectively elicited high-titer IgG1 antibodies against Tn in immunized mice, and effectively suppressed the development of prostate cancer in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice. Our results suggest that this novel bipartite carrier protein could be effectively used for developing anti-glycotope vaccines such as the anticancer Tn vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ling Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Dan Jan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yaoh-Shiang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical Centre & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tse Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leroy F. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shin Nieh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jaulang Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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The human immunoglobulin A Fc receptor FcαRI: a multifaceted regulator of mucosal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2011; 4:612-24. [PMID: 21937986 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2011.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is commonly recognized as the most prevalent antibody (Ab) at mucosal sites with an important role in defense by shielding mucosal surfaces from invasion by pathogens. However, its potential to both actively dampen excessive immune responses or to initiate potent proinflammatory cellular processes is less well known. Interestingly, either functional outcome is mediated through interaction with the myeloid IgA Fc receptor FcαRI (CD89). Monomeric interaction of IgA with FcαRI triggers inhibitory signals that block activation via other receptors, whereas multimeric FcαRI crosslinking induces phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, antigen presentation, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and cytokine release. Thus, FcαRI acts as a regulator between anti- and proinflammatory responses of IgA. As such, the biology of FcαRI, and its multifaceted role in immunity will be the focus of this review.
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Balaian L, Ball ED. Cytotoxic activity of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) in acute myeloid leukemia correlates with the expression of protein kinase Syk. Leukemia 2006; 20:2093-101. [PMID: 17051243 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells express the cell surface antigen CD33 that, upon ligation with a monoclonal antibody (mAb), is a downregulator of cell growth in a Syk-dependent manner. An anti-CD33 mAb coupled to a toxin, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), is used for the treatment of AML (Mylotarg). Therefore, we investigated whether the response of AML cells to GO treatment also depends on Syk expression. Forty primary AML samples (25 Syk-positive and 15 Syk-negative) were tested for their response to the anti-proliferative effects of GO and unmodified anti-CD33 mAb. A correlation between Syk expression and the response of leukemia cells to GO and anti-CD33 mAb was found. 'Blocking' of Syk by small interfering RNA resulted in unresponsiveness of AML cells to both GO and anti-CD33 mAb-mediated cytotoxicity. Syk upregulation by the de-methylating agent 5-azacytidine (5-aza) induced re-expression of Syk in some cases, resulting in enhanced GO and anti-CD33-mediated inhibition of leukemia cell growth. Thus, the cytotoxicity of both GO and anti-CD33 in primary AML samples was associated with Syk expression. 5-Aza restored Syk and increased the sensitivity of originally Syk-negative, non-responsive cells to CD33 ligation to levels of Syk-positive cells. These data have clinical significance for predicting response to GO and designing clinical trials.
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MESH Headings
- Aminoglycosides/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Gemtuzumab
- Humans
- Immunotoxins/pharmacology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/analysis
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/analysis
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3
- Syk Kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- L Balaian
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation Division, Department of Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Chen YW, Lang ML, Wade WF. Protein kinase C-alpha and -delta are required for FcalphaR (CD89) trafficking to MHC class II compartments and FcalphaR-mediated antigen presentation. Traffic 2004; 5:577-94. [PMID: 15260828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2004.00202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that receptor-mediated signaling, receptor/antigen complex trafficking, and major histocompatibility complex class II compartments (MIIC) are critically related to antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells. In this study, we investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in FcalphaR/gammagamma (CD89, human IgA receptor)-mediated internalization of immune complexes and subsequent antigen presentation. The classical and novel PKC inhibitor, Calphostin C, inhibits FcalphaR-mediated antigen presentation and interaction of MIIC and cargo vesicle (receptor and antigen). PKC-alpha, PKC-delta, and PKC-epsilon were recruited to lipid rafts following FcalphaR crosslinking, the extent of which was determined by the phenotype of the gamma chain. Mutant gamma chain with an FcgammaRIIA ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif) insert was less able to recruit PKC and trigger antigen presentation. Both PKC isoform-specific peptide inhibitors and short interfering RNA (siRNA) showed that PKC-alpha and PKC-delta, but not PKC-epsilon, were required for association of cargo vesicle and MIIC and for FcalphaR-mediated and soluble antigen presentation. Inhibition of PKC (classical and novel) did not alter major histocompatibility class II biosynthesis, assembly, transport, or plasma membrane stability. PKC's role in facilitating interaction of cargo vesicle and MIIC is likely due to regulation of vesicle biology required for fusion of cargo vesicles to MIIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Wen Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Engering A, Geijtenbeek TBH, van Vliet SJ, Wijers M, van Liempt E, Demaurex N, Lanzavecchia A, Fransen J, Figdor CG, Piguet V, van Kooyk Y. The dendritic cell-specific adhesion receptor DC-SIGN internalizes antigen for presentation to T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:2118-26. [PMID: 11859097 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.5.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) capture Ags or viruses in peripheral tissue to transport them to lymphoid organs to induce cellular T cell responses. Recently, a DC-specific C-type lectin was identified, DC-specific ICAM-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), that functions as cell adhesion receptor mediating both DC migration and T cell activation. DC-SIGN also functions as an HIV-1R that captures HIVgp120 and facilitates DC-induced HIV transmission of T cells. Internalization motifs in the cytoplasmic tail of DC-SIGN hint to a function of DC-SIGN as endocytic receptor. In this study we demonstrate that on DCs DC-SIGN is rapidly internalized upon binding of soluble ligand. Mutating a putative internalization motif in the cytoplasmic tail reduces ligand-induced internalization. Detailed analysis using ratio fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy showed that DC-SIGN-ligand complexes are targeted to late endosomes/lysosomes. Moreover, ligands internalized by DC-SIGN are efficiently processed and presented to CD4+ T cells. The distinct pattern of expression of C-type lectins on DCs in situ and their nonoverlapping Ag recognition profile hint to selective functions of these receptors to allow a DC to recognize a wide variety of Ags and to process these to induce T cell activation. These data point to a novel function of the adhesion receptor DC-SIGN as an efficient DC-specific Ag receptor that can be used as a target to induce viral and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Engering
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrye Universiteit Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Figdor CG, van Kooyk Y, Adema GJ. C-type lectin receptors on dendritic cells and Langerhans cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2002; 2:77-84. [PMID: 11910898 DOI: 10.1038/nri723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells and Langerhans cells are specialized for the recognition of pathogens and have a pivotal role in the control of immunity. As guardians of the immune system, they are present in essentially every organ and tissue, where they operate at the interface of innate and acquired immunity. Recently, several C-type lectin and lectin-like receptors have been characterized that are expressed abundantly on the surface of these professional antigen-presenting cells. It is now becoming clear that lectin receptors not only serve as antigen receptors but also regulate the migration of dendritic cells and their interaction with lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, NCMLS/187 Til, Postbox 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Brinker KG, Martin E, Borron P, Mostaghel E, Doyle C, Harding CV, Wright JR. Surfactant protein D enhances bacterial antigen presentation by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 281:L1453-63. [PMID: 11704542 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.2001.281.6.l1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein (SP) D functions as a soluble pattern recognition molecule to mediate the clearance of pathogens by phagocytes in the innate immune response. We hypothesize that SP-D may also interact with dendritic cells, the most potent antigen presenting cell, to enhance uptake and presentation of bacterial antigens. Using mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, we show that SP-D binds to immature dendritic cells in a dose-, carbohydrate-, and calcium-dependent manner, whereas SP-D binding to mature dendritic cells is reduced. SP-D also binds to Escherichia coli HB101 and enhances its association with dendritic cells. Additionally, SP-D enhances the antigen presentation of an ovalbumin fusion protein expressed in E. coli HB101 to ovalbumin-specific major histocompatibility complex class II T cell hybridomas. The enhancement of antigen presentation by SP-D is dose dependent and is not shared by other collectin-like proteins tested. These studies demonstrate that SP-D augments antigen presentation by dendritic cells and suggest that innate immune molecules such as SP-D may help initiate an adaptive immune response for the purpose of resolving an infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Brinker
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Abstract
Antigens capable of cross-linking the BCR are preferentially captured, processed and presented to MHC-class-II-restricted T cells. Cross-linking antigens initiate tyrosine-kinase-dependent pathways that accelerate the delivery of antigen-receptor complexes to specialized late-endocytic processing compartments. Accelerated trafficking is mediated by the recruitment of signaling molecules required for transience through specific checkpoints along the endocytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Siemasko
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MCV0930, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Frleta D, Demian D, Wade WF. Class II-targeted antigen is superior to CD40-targeted antigen at stimulating humoral responses in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:265-75. [PMID: 11360928 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(00)00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the efficacy of using monoclonal antibodies to target antigen (avidin) to different surface molecules expressed on antigen presenting cells (APC). In particular, we targeted CD40 to test whether the "adjuvant" properties of CD40 signaling combined with targeted antigen would result in enhanced serologic responses. We targeted avidin to class II as a positive control and to CD11c as a negative control. These surface proteins represent an ensemble of surface molecules that signal upon ligation and that are expressed on professional APC, in particular dendritic cells (DC). We observed that targeting class II molecules on APC was superior to targeting CD40, or CD11c. However, CD40 and CD11c could function as targets for antigen bound monoclonal antibodies under certain conditions. Interestingly, inclusion of anti-CD40 mAb with the targeting anti-class II-targeted antigens negatively affects humoral response, suggesting that CD40 signaling under certain conditions may suppress processing and/or presentation of targeted antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Frleta
- Department of Microbiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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