1
|
Sigorski D, Gulczyński J, Sejda A, Rogowski W, Iżycka-Świeszewska E. Investigation of Neural Microenvironment in Prostate Cancer in Context of Neural Density, Perineural Invasion, and Neuroendocrine Profile of Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:710899. [PMID: 34277455 PMCID: PMC8281889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.710899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stroma contains the neural compartment with specific components and action. Neural microenvironment processing includes among others axonogenesis, perineural invasion (PNI), neurosignaling, and tumor cell neural/neuroendocrine differentiation. Growing data suggest that tumor-neural crosstalk plays an important function in prostate cancer (PCa) biology. However, the mechanisms involved in PNI and axonogenesis, as well as their patho-clinical correlations in this tumor are unclear. Methods The present study was carried out on FFPE samples of 73 PCa and 15 benign prostate (BP) cases. Immunohistochemistry with neural markers PGP9.5, TH, and NFP was performed on constructed TMAs and selected tissue sections. The analyzed parameters of tumor innervation included small nerve density (ND) measured on pan-neural marker (PGP9.5) and TH s4tained slides, as well assessment of PNI presence and morphology. The qualitative and topographic aspects were studied. In addition, the expression of neuroendocrine marker chromogranin and NPY was assessed with dedicated indexes. The correlations of the above parameters with basic patho-clinical data such as patients’ age, tumor stage, grade, angioinvasion, and ERG status were examined. Results The study showed that innervation parameters differed between cancer and BP. The neural network in PCa revealed heterogeneity, and ND PGP9.5 in tumor was significantly lower than in its periphery. The density of sympathetic TH-positive fibers and its proportion to all fibers was lower in cancer than in the periphery and BP samples. Perineural invasion was confirmed in 76% of cases, usually multifocally, occurring more commonly in tumors with a higher grade. NPY expression in PCa cells was common with its intensity often rising towards PNI. ERG+ tumors showed higher ND, more frequent PNI, and a higher stage. Moreover, chromogranin-positive cells were more pronounced in PCa with higher NPY expression. Conclusions The analysis showed an irregular axonal network in prostate cancer with higher neural density (panneural and adrenergic) in the surroundings and the invasive front. ND and PNI interrelated with NPY expression, neuroendocrine differentiation, and ERG status. The above findings support new evidence for the presence of autocrine and paracrine interactions in prostate cancer neural microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Sigorski
- Department of Oncology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.,Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Warmian-Masurian Cancer Center of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Gulczyński
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Pathomorphology, Copernicus Hospital, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sejda
- Department of Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rogowski
- Department of Health, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland.,Department of Oncology, Chemotherapy, Clinical trials, Regional Hospital, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Iżycka-Świeszewska
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.,Department of Pathomorphology, Copernicus Hospital, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Djouhri L, Zeidan A, Alzoghaibi M, Al Otaibi MF, Abd El-Aleem SA. L5 Spinal Nerve Axotomy Induces Distinct Electrophysiological Changes in Axotomized L5- and Adjacent L4-Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons in Rats In Vivo. J Neurotrauma 2020; 38:330-341. [PMID: 32993425 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) is a major health problem for which effective drug treatment is lacking. Its underlying neuronal mechanisms are still illusive, but pre-clinical studies using animal models of PNP including the L5-spinal nerve axotomy (L5-SNA) model, suggest that it is partly caused by excitability changes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. L5-SNA results in two DRG neuronal groups: (1) axotomized/damaged neurons in L5- plus some in L4-DRGs, and (2) ipsilateral L4-neurons with intact/uninjured fibers intermingling with degenerating L5-fibers. The axotomized neurons are deprived of peripherally derived trophic factors and degenerate causing neuroinflammation, whereas the uninjured L4-neuorns are subject to increased trophic factors and neuroinflammation associated with Wallerian degeneration of axotomized L5-nerve fibers. Whether these two groups of DRG neurons exhibit similar or distinct electrophysiological changes after L5-SNA remains unresolved. Conflicting evidence for this may result from some studies assuming that all L4-fibers are undamaged. Here, we recorded somatic action potentials (APs) intracellularly from C- and A-fiber L4/L5 DRG neurons in vivo, to examine our hypothesis that L5-SNA would induce distinct electrophysiological changes in the two populations of DRG neurons. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found (7 days post-SNA), in SNA rats with established pain hypersensitivity, slower AP kinetics in axotomized L5-neurons and faster AP kinetics in L4-nociceptive neurons including decreased rise time in Aδ-and Aβ-fiber nociceptors, and after-hyperpolarization duration in Aβ-fiber nociceptors. We also found several changes in axotomized L5-neurons but not in L4-nociceptive neurons, and some changes in L4-nociceptive but not L5-neurons. The faster AP kinetics (decreased refractory period) in L4-nociceptive neurons that are consistent with their reported hyperexcitability may lead to repetitive firing and thus provide enhanced afferent input necessary for initiating and/or maintaining PNP development. The changes in axotomized L5-neurons may contribute to the central mechanisms of PNP via enhanced neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system (CNS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laiche Djouhri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine (QU Health), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine (QU Health), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Alzoghaibi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad F Al Otaibi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham A Abd El-Aleem
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Djouhri L, Zeidan A, Abd El-Aleem SA, Smith T. Cutaneous Aβ-Non-nociceptive, but Not C-Nociceptive, Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Exhibit Spontaneous Activity in the Streptozotocin Rat Model of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in vivo. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:530. [PMID: 32528247 PMCID: PMC7263321 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) is the most devastating complication of diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, successful therapy for DPNP remains a challenge because its pathogenesis is still elusive. However, DPNP is believed to be due partly to abnormal hyperexcitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, but the relative contributions of specific functional subtypes remain largely unknown. Here, using the strepotozotocin (STZ) rat model of DPNP induced by a STZ injection (60 mg/kg, i.p), and intracellular recordings of action potentials (APs) from DRG neurons in anesthetized rats, we examined electrophysiological changes in C-and Aβ-nociceptive and Aβ-low threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM) neurons that may contribute to DPNP. Compared with control, we found in STZ-rats with established pain hypersensitivity (5 weeks post-STZ) several significant changes including: (a) A 23% increase in the incidence of spontaneous activity (SA) in Aβ-LTMs (but not C-mechanosensitive nociceptors) that may cause dysesthesias/paresthesia suffered by DPNP patients, (b) membrane hyperpolarization and a ∼85% reduction in SA rate in Aβ-LTMs by Kv7 channel activation with retigabine (6 mg/kg, i.v.) suggesting that Kv7/M channels may be involved in mechanisms of SA generation in Aβ-LTMs, (c) decreases in AP duration and in duration and amplitude of afterhyperpolarization (AHP) in C-and/or Aβ-nociceptors. These faster AP and AHP kinetics may lead to repetitive firing and an increase in afferent input to the CNS and thereby contribute to DPNP development, and (d) a decrease in the electrical thresholds of Aβ-nociceptors that may contribute to their sensitization, and thus to the resulting hypersensitivity associated with DPNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laiche Djouhri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Seham A. Abd El-Aleem
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Trevor Smith
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Son MY, Kim MJ, Yu K, Koo DB, Cho YS. Involvement of neuropeptide Y and its Y1 and Y5 receptors in maintaining self-renewal and proliferation of human embryonic stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:152-65. [PMID: 19874423 PMCID: PMC3822502 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY receptors are widely expressed in various organs and cell types and have been shown to have pleiotropic functions. However, their presence or role in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) remains unknown. We now show that undifferentiated hESCs primarily express NPY and its Y1 and Y5 receptors. Inhibition of NPY signalling using either the selective NPY Y1 or Y5 receptor antagonist reduces the maintenance of self-renewal and proliferation of undifferentiated hESCs. We also provide compelling evidence that exogenous NPY supports the long-term growth of undifferentiated hESCs in the absence of feeder cell factors using only knockout serum replacement media. Further, NPY facilitates the use of chemically defined medium made up of N2/B27 supplement and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) for hESC feeder-free culture. Our results indicate that both Y1 and Y5 receptors appear to be involved in the NPY-mediated activation of AKT/protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in hESCs. Notably, only Y1 receptor, but not Y5 receptor, is responsible for the NPY-induced activation of cAMP-response element binding (CREB) in hESCs. These results provide the first evidence that NPY and its Y1 and Y5 receptors have potential role in maintaining hESC self-renewal and pluripotency. We demonstrate the underlying importance of NPY signalling and its usefulness in the development of a defined and xeno-free culture condition for the large-scale propagation of undifferentiated hESCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Son
- Development & Differentiation Research Center, KRIBB, Eoeundong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fukuoka T, Kobayashi K, Yamanaka H, Obata K, Dai Y, Noguchi K. Comparative study of the distribution of the alpha-subunits of voltage-gated sodium channels in normal and axotomized rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Comp Neurol 2008; 510:188-206. [PMID: 18615542 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We compared the distribution of the alpha-subunit mRNAs of voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.1-1.3 and Nav1.6-1.9 and a related channel, Nax, in histochemically identified neuronal subpopulations of the rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In the naïve DRG, the expression of Nav1.1 and Nav1.6 was restricted to A-fiber neurons, and they were preferentially expressed by TrkC neurons, suggesting that proprioceptive neurons possess these channels. Nav1.7, -1.8, and -1.9 mRNAs were more abundant in C-fiber neurons compared with A-fiber ones. Nax was evenly expressed in both populations. Although Nav1.8 and -1.9 were preferentially expressed by TrkA neurons, other alpha-subunits were expressed independently of TrkA expression. Actually, all IB4(+) neurons expressed both Nav1.8 and -1.9, and relatively limited subpopulations of IB4(+) neurons (3% and 12%, respectively) expressed Nav1.1 and/or Nav1.6. These findings provide useful information in interpreting the electrophysiological characteristics of some neuronal subpopulations of naïve DRG. After L5 spinal nerve ligation, Nav1.3 mRNA was up-regulated mainly in A-fiber neurons in the ipsilateral L5 DRG. Although previous studies demonstrated that nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) reversed this up-regulation, the Nav1.3 induction was independent of either TrkA or GFRalpha1 expression, suggesting that the induction of Nav1.3 may be one of the common responses of axotomized DRG neurons without a direct relationship to NGF/GDNF supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Fukuoka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gibbs JL, Diogenes A, Hargreaves KM. Neuropeptide Y modulates effects of bradykinin and prostaglandin E2 on trigeminal nociceptors via activation of the Y1 and Y2 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 150:72-9. [PMID: 17143304 PMCID: PMC2013847 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although previous studies have demonstrated that neuropeptide Y (NPY) modulates nociceptors, the relative contributions of the Y1 and Y2 receptors are unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of Y1 and Y2 receptor activation on nociceptors stimulated by bradykinin (BK) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Combined immunohistochemistry (IHC) with in situ hybridization (ISH) demonstrated that Y1- and Y2-receptors are collocated with bradykinin (2) (B2)-receptors in rat trigeminal ganglia (TG). The relative functions of the Y1 and Y2 receptors in modulating BK/PGE2-evoked CGRP release and increased intracellular calcium levels in cultured TG neurons were evaluated. KEY RESULTS The Y1 and Y2 receptors are co-expressed with B2 in TG neurons, suggesting the potential for direct NPY modulation of BK responses. Pretreatment with the Y1 agonist [Leu31,Pro34]-NPY, inhibited BK/PGE2-evoked CGRP release. Conversely, pretreatment with PYY(3-36), a Y2 agonist, increased BK/PGE2 evoked CGRP release. Treatment with NPY evoked an overall inhibitory effect, although of lesser magnitude. Similarly, [Leu31,Pro34]-NPY inhibited BK/PGE2-evoked increases in intracellular calcium levels whereas PYY(3-36) increased responses. NPY inhibition of BK/PGE2-evoked release of CGRP was reversed by the Y1 receptor antagonist, BIBO3304, and higher concentrations of BIBO3304 significantly facilitated CGRP release. The Y2 receptor antagonist, BIIE0246, enhanced the inhibitory NPY effects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results demonstrate that NPY modulation of peptidergic neurons is due to net activation of inhibitory Y1 and excitatory Y2 receptor systems. The relative expression or activity of these opposing receptor systems may mediate dynamic responses to injury and pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Gibbs
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kosacka J, Figiel M, Engele J, Hilbig H, Majewski M, Spanel-Borowski K. Angiopoietin-1 promotes neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion cells positive for Tie-2 receptor. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 320:11-9. [PMID: 15714275 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-004-1068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The effects of vascular factors on the nervous system are still poorly investigated. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), an endothelial cell growth factor with influences on blood vessel stabilization, has been recently reported to prevent apoptosis in a neuroblastoma cell line via a pathway dependent on Tie-2 receptor. The present study focuses on the effect of Ang-1 on cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells isolated from 1-day-old rats. Three-day-old DRG cultures were exposed to Ang-1 treatment under serum-free condition for another 5 days and stained with antibodies against neurofilament (NF) 200 protein. Neurite length and density increased compared with those of controls. Double-immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the co-localization of the Tie-2 receptor in some NF-200-positive perikarya. The reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction technique identified Tie-2 receptor mRNA in intact DRG and in Ang-1-stimulated DRG cell cultures, but not in a Schwann cell line or in primary astrocyte cultures. Western blotting confirmed that the expression of NF 68 protein in cultures treated with Ang-1 or nerve growth factor was higher than that in cultures treated with medium alone. When the Tie-2 receptor was blocked with anti-Tie-2 receptor antibody, neurite outgrowth was severely impeded. Induction of trkA-receptor protein expression was observed to be dependent on the presence of Tie-2 receptors. We conclude that Ang-1 promotes neurite outgrowth from DRG cells positive for Tie-2 receptor. The signalling pathway appears to involve transactivation of the trkA receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kosacka
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jungnickel J, Claus P, Gransalke K, Timmer M, Grothe C. Targeted disruption of the FGF-2 gene affects the response to peripheral nerve injury. Mol Cell Neurosci 2004; 25:444-52. [PMID: 15033172 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2003.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2003] [Revised: 11/06/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) is involved in the development, maintenance, and survival of the nervous system. To study the physiological role of endogenous FGF-2 during peripheral nerve regeneration, we analyzed sciatic nerves of FGF-2-deleted mice by using morphometric, morphological, and immunocytochemical methods. Quantification of number and size of myelinated axons in intact sciatic nerves revealed no difference between wild-type and FGF-2 knock-out (ko) animals. One week after nerve crush, FGF-2 ko mice showed about five times more regenerated myelinated axons with increased myelin and axon diameter in comparison to wild-types close to the injury site. In addition, quantitative distribution of macrophages and collapsed myelin profiles suggested faster Wallerian degeneration in FGF-2-deleted mice close to the lesion site. Our results suggest that endogenous FGF-2 is crucially involved in the early phase of peripheral nerve regeneration possibly by regulation of Schwann cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jungnickel
- Department of Neuroanatomy OE 4140, Center of Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, D-30623 Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schäfers M, Geis C, Svensson CI, Luo ZD, Sommer C. Selective increase of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in injured and spared myelinated primary afferents after chronic constrictive injury of rat sciatic nerve. Eur J Neurosci 2003; 17:791-804. [PMID: 12603269 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve, leading to a hyperalgesic state, results in a partial lesion wherein some axons are injured and others remain intact. Here we sought to characterize reactive changes which occur in DRG cell bodies of injured and uninjured axons projecting to skin and muscle. Using immunohistochemistry combined with flurorogold and fluororuby retrograde labelling to define DRG cell bodies associated with injured and uninjured axons, we analysed the DRG immunoreactivity (IR) for tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin-10 (IL-10), the sensory neuron-specific channel vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1), isolectin B4 (IB4) and calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) 4 days after a unilateral chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the rat sciatic nerve. TNF IR was predominantly localized in neuronal DRG cells. In DRG with an intact nerve, TNF IR was present in 45%, IL-10 IR in 46%, VR1 IR in 44%, IB4 IR in 51% and CGRP IR in 40% of all neuronal profiles. Four days after CCI, TNF IR was increased in medium-sized neurons, whereas IR for IL-10, VR1 and IB4, predominantly present in small neurons, was reduced. Importantly, not only injured but also adjacent spared neurons contributed markedly to increased TNF IR. Neurons projecting to both muscle and skin displayed upregulated TNF IR after CCI. TNF in medium-sized neurons colocalized with neurofilament and trkB, but not with IB4, trkA or RET, suggesting a selective phenotypic switch in presumably low-threshold myelinated primary afferents. Spared myelinated fibres with intact sensory functions but upregulated TNF expression may contribute to behavioural changes observed after nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schäfers
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Purves TD, Tomlinson DR. Are mitogen-activated protein kinases glucose transducers for diabetic neuropathies? INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2003; 50:83-114. [PMID: 12198822 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(02)50074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tertia D Purves
- Neuroscience Division, University of Manchester, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li GD, Wo Y, Zhong MF, Zhang FX, Bao L, Lu YJ, Huang YD, Xiao HS, Zhang X. Expression of fibroblast growth factors in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons and regulation after peripheral nerve injury. Neuroreport 2002; 13:1903-7. [PMID: 12395088 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200210280-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Using cDNA array, we observed the expression of eight members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, FGF 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13 and 14, in rat lumbar 4 and 5 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Over a period of 28 days after sciatic nerve transection, the array signals for FGF 2 and 7 were significantly increased in the DRGs, while FGF 13 decreased. Using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we confirmed the axotomy-induced changes in the expression of FGF 7 and 13. hybridization showed that FGF 13 was expressed in 60% of DRG neurons under normal circumstance. Seven days after axotomy the number of FGF 13-positive neurons was decreased to 18%, but partially recovered to 40% after 28 days. FGF 13 immunoreactivity was also decreased. These data indicate that FGFs are important for DRG neurons under normal circumstance and after nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Li
- Laboratory of Sensory System, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rowlands DK, Kao CL, Wise H. Regulation of prostacyclin and prostaglandin E(2) receptor mediated responses in adult rat dorsal root ganglion cells, in vitro. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 133:13-22. [PMID: 11325789 PMCID: PMC1572751 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Primary cultures of adult rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were prepared to examine the properties of prostacyclin (IP) receptors and prostaglandin E(2) (EP) receptors in sensory neurones. 2. IP receptor agonists, cicaprost and iloprost, stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity with EC(50) values of 22 and 28 nM, respectively. Prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) were 7 fold less potent than cicaprost and iloprost, with PGE(2) displaying a lower maximal response. 3. Adenylyl cyclase activation by iloprost, PGE(1) and PGE(2), but not by forskolin, was highly dependent on DRG cell density. Although the potency of iloprost and PGE(2) for stimulating adenylyl cyclase was unchanged, their maximal responses were significantly increased at low cell density. 4. Both IP and EP(2/4) receptors could be down-regulated by agonist pretreatment, however the presence of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitors did not prevent this apparent down-regulation of IP and EP(2/4) receptors at high DRG cell densities. 5. Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase by the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide was also decreased at high DRG cell density, whereas the responses to beta-adrenoceptor agonists were increased at high DRG cell density. 6. Addition of nerve growth factor (NGF), or the addition of anti-neurotrophin antibodies during the 5-day culture of DRG cells, had no effect on IP receptor-mediated responses. 7. These results indicate that G(s)-coupled receptors involved in nociception are regulated in a variable manner in adult rat sensory neurones, and that this cell density-dependent regulation may be agonist-independent for IP and EP(2/4) receptors.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Aging/physiology
- Alprostadil/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Count
- Cells, Cultured
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Epoprostenol/analogs & derivatives
- Epoprostenol/pharmacology
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/enzymology
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Iloprost/pharmacology
- Male
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/enzymology
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Epoprostenol
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dewi K Rowlands
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Chung-lei Kao
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Helen Wise
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
King BF. Reflections on the purinergic hypothesis: the Burnstock Festschrift in the millennial year. Auton Neurosci 2001; 87:173-7. [PMID: 11476277 DOI: 10.1016/s1566-0702(00)00285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Few have made such an impact as Geoffrey Burnstock in their scientific field. As the originator of the purinergic hypothesis, Burnstock has been central to the development of our understanding of the P2 receptor family and of the role of extracellular ATP in cell-to-cell signalling. In this millennial year, Burnstock has been awarded the Queen's medal from The Royal Society and Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Gastroenterology Association. Thus, it was my privilege to join Alan North in organising and producing the Burnstock Festschrift (Purines and the Autonomic Nervous System; from controversy to the clinic, in [J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. Vol. 81 (2000)]) to honour not only Geoffrey Burnstock's successes in this millennial year, but a lifetime of achievements spanning some 40 years in the field of purine signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B F King
- Autonomic Neuroscience Institute, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College, Hampstead, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|