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Morel B, Favrot C, Mirande L, Grünwald-Gruber C, Stordeur V, Vezina LP, Faye L, Gomord V. Exploring the Potentiality of a Plant Platform for Monoclonal Antibody Production in Veterinary Medicine. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:620. [PMID: 38932349 PMCID: PMC11209382 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an allergic, inflammatory, and pruritic skin disease associated with the production of IgE antibodies against environmental allergens and mainly house dust mite allergens. This complex dermatological pathology involves Interleukin 31 (IL-31) as a central itch mediator. One of the most effective CAD treatments is a caninized monoclonal antibody (mAb) called Lokivetmab. It is produced in CHO cells and targets specifically canine IL-31 (cIL-31) and blocks its cellular messaging. This treatment has undoubtedly contributed to a breakthrough in dermatitis-related pruritus. However, its production in mammalian cells requires time-consuming procedures, high production costs, and investment. Plants are considered an emerging protein production platform for recombinant biopharmaceuticals due to their cost-effectiveness and rapidity for production. Here, we use transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants to produce recombinant canine Interleukin 31 (cIL-31) and an anti-IL-31 monoclonal antibody (M1). First, we describe the production and characterization of M1 and then its activity on an IL-31-induced pruritic model in dogs compared to its commercial homolog. Dogs treated with the plant-made M1 mAb have shown similar improvements to Lokivetmab-treated ones after different challenges using canine IL-31. Furthermore, M1 injections were not associated with any side effects. These results demonstrate the safety and efficacy of this plant-made Lokivetmab biosimilar to control dogs' pruritus in a well-established model. Finally, this study shows that the plant-production platform can be utilized to produce rapidly functional mAbs and bring hope to the immunotherapy field of veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Morel
- ANGANY Innovation, 1 Voie de l’Innovation, 27100 Val de Reuil, France; (B.M.)
| | - Claude Favrot
- Dermatology Unit, Clinical for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Mirande
- ANGANY Innovation, 1 Voie de l’Innovation, 27100 Val de Reuil, France; (B.M.)
| | | | - Virginie Stordeur
- ANGANY Innovation, 1 Voie de l’Innovation, 27100 Val de Reuil, France; (B.M.)
| | | | - Loïc Faye
- ANGANY Innovation, 1 Voie de l’Innovation, 27100 Val de Reuil, France; (B.M.)
| | - Véronique Gomord
- ANGANY Innovation, 1 Voie de l’Innovation, 27100 Val de Reuil, France; (B.M.)
- ANGANY Inc., Suite 200, 873 St-Jean, Québec, QC G1R 1R2, Canada
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Martini F, Rostaher A, Favrot C, Fischer NM. Open trial of recombinant Der f 2 pullulan-conjugated immunotherapy in cats. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:175-183. [PMID: 38073305 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allermmune HDM (Zenoaq) is a recombinant Dermatophagoides farinae 2 (Der f 2) pullulan-based immunotherapy vaccine whose efficacy on house dust mite allergic dogs has been demonstrated. There is no published information on its use in cats. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and short-term effects of Allermmune HDM in Dermatophagoides farinae (Df)-sensitised cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven cats diagnosed with atopic skin syndrome received Allermmune weekly for six weeks then monthly for three months (total duration 18 weeks). On Weeks 0, 6 and 18 clinical lesions were assessed by the Feline Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (FEDESI); owners assessed pruritus with a 10-cm Visual Analog Scale (pVAS). Concurrent medication use was recorded. The allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E were measured before study inclusion with a commercial serological assay. RESULTS There were no evident adverse effects. FEDESI and pVAS improved significantly after six weeks (p = 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively). The pretreatment Df-specific IgE levels were significantly higher in the cats with improved clinical scores than in the cats with no clinical score change (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Allermmune HDM may be safe in cats and has the potential to alleviate signs of atopic skin syndrome. Allergen-specific IgE levels may represent an efficacy marker. Controlled studies of longer duration and larger sample size are worth pursuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Martini
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Rostaher
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claude Favrot
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina M Fischer
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lewis ST, Kennis RA, Clark-Price SC, White AG. Influence of a single oral dose of trazodone on intradermal histamine reactivity in clinically healthy dogs. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:62-70. [PMID: 37700596 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug interactions are significant considerations for intradermal testing (IDT). Trazodone (TRZ) is an anxiolytic and selective histaminergic (H1 ) antagonist with no interaction in human prick tests; however, interaction in canine IDT is unknown. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Trazodone will not adversely affect intradermal histamine reactions in dogs. ANIMALS Fourteen nonanxious, nonatopic, healthy client-owned dogs were enrolled in this randomised, blinded, cross-over study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs were randomised to receive low-dose TRZ (4 mg/kg) (Teva Pharmaceuticals), high-dose TRZ (8 mg/kg) or no TRZ per os two hours before intravenous sedation with dexmedetomidine (5 mcg/kg) (Dexdomitor; Zoetis). Intradermal testing was performed with five quadrupling dilutions of histamine (1:100,000 to 1:25,600,000 w/v; Greer) and 0.9% saline (Hospira), observing a minimum two weeks washout period between treatments. Two observers, who were blinded to treatment and the identity of the injections, evaluated each test using previously established subjective and objective methods. RESULTS The mean wheal diameter of histamine 1:1,600,000 w/v was significantly smaller with low-dose TRZ (4 mg/kg) compared to the control group (p = 0.048; repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's test). For all other histamine dilutions and saline, mean wheal diameter was not significantly different among groups. There were no significant differences in the subjective scores of all histamine dilutions and saline (p > 0.05; Friedman test). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A single oral dose of TRZ does not adversely affect intradermal histamine reactions in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Taylor Lewis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Robert Allen Kennis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Stuart Charles Clark-Price
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Amelia Grant White
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Kim SW, Lim KM, Cho SG, Ryu B, Kim CY, Park SY, Jang K, Jung JH, Park C, Choi C, Kim JH. Efficacy of Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Exosomes for the Treatment of Canine Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:282. [PMID: 38254451 PMCID: PMC10812568 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a genetically predisposed inflammatory pruritic skin disease. The available treatments for CAD have several adverse effects and vary in efficacy, indicating the need for the development of improved treatments. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of allogeneic and xenogeneic exosomes on CAD. Six laboratory beagle dogs with CAD were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: control, canine exosome (cExos), or human exosome (hExos) groups. Dogs in the cExos and hExos groups were intravenously administered 1.5 mL of cExos (5 × 1010) and hExos (7.5 × 1011) solutions, respectively, while those in the control group were administered 1.5 mL of normal saline three times per week for 4 weeks. Skin lesion score and transepidermal water loss decreased in cExos and hExos groups compared with those in the control group. The exosome treatments decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-12, interleukin-13, and interleukin-31) but increased those of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β), indicating the immunomodulatory effect of exosomes. Skin microbiome analysis revealed that the exosome treatments alleviated skin bacterial dysbiosis. These results suggest that allogeneic and xenogeneic exosome therapy may alleviate CAD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Won Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (K.-M.L.); (S.-G.C.)
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (K.-M.L.); (S.-G.C.)
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (B.R.); (C.-Y.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (B.R.); (C.-Y.K.)
| | - Seon Young Park
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.P.); (K.J.); (J.H.J.); (C.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Kyungmin Jang
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.P.); (K.J.); (J.H.J.); (C.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Jae Heon Jung
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.P.); (K.J.); (J.H.J.); (C.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Cheolhyoung Park
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.P.); (K.J.); (J.H.J.); (C.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Chulhee Choi
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.P.); (K.J.); (J.H.J.); (C.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
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Weitzer T, Mueller R. The safety of rush immunotherapy in the management of canine atopic dermatitis-230 cases. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:385-392. [PMID: 37157908 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The duration of the induction phase of allergen-specific immunotherapy conventionally is a period of several weeks, during which the volume of an allergen solution, administered by injection, is gradually increased until the maintenance dose is reached. In rush immunotherapy (RIT), the induction period is abbreviated to achieve a faster improvement in clinical signs of atopic dermatitis (AD) compared to conventional immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the safety of RIT in 230 dogs with AD and report any adverse effects (AE). ANIMALS Two hundred thirty client-owned dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of dogs receiving RIT between 2012 and 2021 were analysed and observed AE were investigated. All dogs underwent RIT following a protocol of subcutaneous allergen extract injections, given hourly with an incrementally increasing volume from 0.1 to 1.0 mL. RESULTS Adverse effects were documented in 6 of 230 (2.6%) dogs. Five of these dogs (2.2%) showed mild gastrointestinal signs (1 of 5 vomiting, 4 of 5 diarrhoea) and one patient an increase in body temperature by 1.5°C. These occurred at different stages of the RIT protocol. All AE were graded as mild and self-limiting. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Based on these data, supervised RIT in dogs appears to be a safe procedure to achieve the maintenance dose of allergen immunotherapy earlier with infrequent and mild AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Weitzer
- Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Mueller
- Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Mueller RS, Zablotski Y, Baumann K, Boehm T, Kasper B, Klinger C, Monke M, Udraite-Vovk L, Weitzer T, Gedon NKY. A randomised, double-blinded comparison between subcutaneous rush and intralympathic allergen immunotherapy induction in atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:91-98. [PMID: 36424528 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases in small animal practice. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only curative treatment for the disease, and oral, subcutaneous and intralymphatic administration of allergens are commonly employed. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy of AIT following an induction phase with intralymphatic injections (ILIT) or rush immunotherapy (RIT). ANIMALS Fifty privately owned dogs with AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a double-blinded study, dogs were randomly assigned to either four monthly ILIT of allergen extract or RIT with five injections administered subcutaneously at hourly intervals on the first day. They were assessed by validated scores; Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index (CADLI) and pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) at the beginning of the study and after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The latter were performed daily for 7 days before each revisit. Medication scores and a total clinical score were calculated and compared between each group and time point. RESULTS There was no significant difference in CADLI and PVAS scores, or CADLI and medication scores between groups at any of the time points. A significant improvement with both ILIT and RIT was seen in total and pruritus scores, respectively. An owner global assessment of good-to-excellent treatment efficacy was seen in 40% of the dogs; total scores improved by 27% and 35% in the RIT and ILIT group, respectively. Adverse effects were not seen. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Induction of AIT can be conducted either as RIT or ILIT with no loss in efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf S Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuri Zablotski
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Baumann
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Teresa Boehm
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Kasper
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maarten Monke
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tamara Weitzer
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie K Y Gedon
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Fennis EEM, Damme CMM, Schlotter YM, Sinke JD, Leistra MHG, Bartels RT, Broere F. Efficacy of subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy in atopic dogs: A retrospective study of 664 cases. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:321-e75. [PMID: 35635279 PMCID: PMC9544551 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is an allergic skin disease affecting approximately 10% of dogs. allergen‐specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is currently the only treatment option able to induce tolerance to the causative allergens. Objective To retrospectively establish the efficacy of ASIT in atopic dogs. Animals Client‐owned (n = 664) dogs with cAD presented between 2008 and 2018 to two dermatology referral clinics. Materials and Methods Clinical records of atopic dogs were reviewed to obtain information including the results of the intradermal skin test and/or allergen‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E serological results, the allergens included in the ASIT, concurrent symptomatic medications, and ASIT efficacy after at least 9 months. Results Excellent (ASIT alone controlled clinical signs), good (≥50% reduction of clinical signs) and poor (<50% improvement) responses were seen in 31.5%, 28.5% and 40.1% of the dogs, respectively. No significant differences in efficacy were associated with breed, sex, age at initiation of ASIT, type of allergens in ASIT, and between clinics. Dogs re‐examined regularly responded significantly better to ASIT than dogs that did not (>50% improvement in 69.3% and 55.4% of the dogs, respectively). Dogs treated with ASIT and concomitant systemic glucocorticoids showed a significantly poorer response (success rate of >50% improvement of 38.5%). Conclusions and clinical importance In 59.9% of atopic dogs, subcutaneous ASIT can improve clinical signs by ≥50%. The beneficial effect of ASIT is higher if dogs are re‐examined regularly and if systemic long‐term corticosteroids are avoided, at least during the first 9 months of ASIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien E. M. Fennis
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Catharina M. M. Damme
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Yvette M. Schlotter
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Femke Broere
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands
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A 3-Year Case Report on an Atopic Patient with a Caninised Monoclonal Antibody Treatment. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2022-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A 6-year-old, male, neutered, English Mastiff dog was presented for a second opinion due to chronic pruritus. The patient had been on methylprednisolone and chlorphenamine for four years. The diagnostic investigations included: swabs for bacterial and mycology culture, hair plugs for dermatophyte culture, acetate tape strips and deep skin scrapes, skin biopsies for dermatohistopathology, biochemistry, haematology, endocrinology, serology for canine scabies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing and serology for allergen specific IgE antibodies. The history and the diagnostics confirmed the diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis. This case report details the treatment with lokivetmab, which is a caninised monoclonal antibody drug. At periods of flare ups, additional treatments were prescribed, such as systemic glucocorticoids and oclacitinib in order to manage the clinical signs. The treatment showed good response to the overall treatment management during the three year period of this atopic patient.
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Martini F, Rostaher A, Favrot C, Fischer N. Interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 plasma levels in atopic dogs before and during immunotherapy. Vet Rec 2021; 190:e1270. [PMID: 34939678 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human studies suggest that the cytokines, interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-ß1) may play an important role in allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT). However, there is little known about the function of these cytokines in atopic dogs. This study compared the plasma levels of IL-10 and TGF-ß1 in atopic and control dogs and investigated their changes during different ASIT approaches. METHODS A total of 54 atopic and 32 control dogs were included. Immunotherapy was performed in 30 atopic dogs. The dogs undergoing immunotherapy were allocated to four groups of different ASIT approaches (namely subcutaneous, intralymphatic, sublingual ASIT and subcutaneous ASIT with recombinant allergens). Blood samples were collected at four timepoints throughout the one year of ASIT. Canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index, pruritus visual analogue scale and medication score were recorded at each timepoint. Commercially available ELISA kits were used to quantify IL-10 and TGF-ß1 in plasma. RESULTS There was no significant difference in IL-10 and TGF-ß1 between atopic and control dogs. The IL-10 levels were significantly increased in the intralymphatic group at the end of the study. No significant differences were found in the other groups for both IL-10 and TGF-ß1. CONCLUSION The findings of this work suggest that IL-10 and TGF-ß1 cannot be used to monitor the course of the disease during ASIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Martini
- Dermatology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Rostaher
- Dermatology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claude Favrot
- Dermatology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Fischer
- Dermatology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Di Tommaso M, Luciani A, Crisi PE, Beschi M, Rosi P, Rocconi F, Miglio A. Detection of Serum Allergen-Specific IgE in Atopic Dogs Tested in Northern Italy: Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:358. [PMID: 33535414 PMCID: PMC7912760 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a pruritic allergic skin disease associated with IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. IgE is detected using Serum Allergen-Specific IgE test (SAT) in order to identify allergens. The present study aims to identify the environmental allergens in atopic dogs living in Northern Italy using SAT. The screening SAT (sSAT), using a monoclonal antibody cocktail-based ELISA to identify indoor and outdoor allergens, was performed. In all positive samples, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody ELISA test was performed to extend panel of allergens. Out of 117 selected dogs, 69 were included in the study; 71% were positive and 29% were negative to sSAT. Among the 49 positive sSAT, 53% were positive for both indoor and outdoor, 38.8% only for indoor, and 8.2% only for outdoor allergens. This is the first study on the frequency of allergens involved in CAD in Italy using SAT. IgE hypersensitivity in atopic dogs of Northern Italy is usually associated with indoor allergens, primarily house dust mites. Among the outdoor allergens, an important role was played by Rumex acetosa. Polysensitization also commonly occurs. Therefore, since the numerous factors affect the IgE positivity in CAD, specific panels for geographical areas should be considered and re-evaluated at time intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Di Tommaso
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.L.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessia Luciani
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.L.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Paolo Emidio Crisi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.L.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Marica Beschi
- Veterinary Clinic Dr. Paolo Rosi, via Brescia 46, 25086 Rezzato (BS), Italy; (M.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Paolo Rosi
- Veterinary Clinic Dr. Paolo Rosi, via Brescia 46, 25086 Rezzato (BS), Italy; (M.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Francesca Rocconi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.L.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Arianna Miglio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, Piano d’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.L.); (F.R.); (A.M.)
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11
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Foj R, Carrasco I, Clemente F, Scarampella F, Calvet A, Prats A, Vivancos S, Brazís P, Puigdemont A. Clinical efficacy of sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy in 22 cats with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:67-e12. [PMID: 33399258 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been deployed in humans and dogs; to the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no published studies about the use of SLIT in cats. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the clinical efficacy of SLIT in atopic cats sensitized to dust and storage mites, assessing immunological changes associated with SLIT treatment. ANIMALS Twenty-two client-owned cats with clinical signs compatible with feline atopic dermatitis (fAD) and serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E against house dust and storage mites. METHODS AND MATERIALS Prospective, multicentre, open-label clinical trial. Individualized mite-specific SLIT was administered orally for 12 months. All cats underwent clinical examination to record SCORing feline allergic dermatitis (SCORFAD), pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) and serum allergen-specific IgE and IgG, every three months for 12 months. RESULTS Sixteen of 22 cats (73%) completed the study and three of six cats withdrawn from the study were included in an intention-to-treat analysis. SCORFAD and pVAS values decreased significantly from baseline (T0) to the third month of treatment (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0013, respectively), with median total values ranging from 19 (6-44) (T0) to 2.5 (0-17) (T12) (P = 0.0001), and from 8 (6-10) (T0) to 2.3 (0-8) (T12) (P = 0.0001), respectively. Allergen-specific IgE values decreased significantly from the ninth month (T9) of treatment (P = 0.0032), with median scores decreasing from 56 (12-729) (T0) to 34 (0-158) (T12) (P = 0.0208). No significant differences in allergen-specific IgG values were observed throughout the study. No adverse effects related to the use of SLIT were reported. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Sublingual immunotherapy should be considered a rapid, effective, safe and well-tolerated treatment in cats with feline atopic dermatitis fAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Foj
- Laboratorios LETI S.L.U., Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 184, Barcelona, 08038, Spain
| | - Isaac Carrasco
- Departament de Farmacologia,Terapèutica i Toxicologia. Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08913, Spain
| | - Federica Clemente
- Ambulatorio Veterinario Associato San Luca, Piazza della Pace, 4, Bologna, 40134, Italy
| | - Fabia Scarampella
- Studio Dermatologico Veterinario, Via Giancarlo Sismondi, 62, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Anna Calvet
- Clínica Felina Barcelona, Carrer Marquès del Campo Sagrado, 12, Barcelona, 08015, Spain
| | - Ana Prats
- Clínica Felina Barcelona, Carrer Marquès del Campo Sagrado, 12, Barcelona, 08015, Spain
| | - Susana Vivancos
- Laboratorios LETI S.L.U., Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 184, Barcelona, 08038, Spain
| | - Pilar Brazís
- Laboratorios LETI S.L.U., Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes 184, Barcelona, 08038, Spain
| | - Anna Puigdemont
- Departament de Farmacologia,Terapèutica i Toxicologia. Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08913, Spain
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Ramió-Lluch L, Brazís P, Ferrer L, Puigdemont A. Allergen-specific immunotherapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis: is owner compliance the main success-limiting factor? Vet Rec 2020; 187:493. [PMID: 33082241 DOI: 10.1136/vr.106024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) to treat canine atopic dermatitis has been well established, it remains unclear why not all dogs show the same response to treatment. The goal of the study was to determine the relationship between duration of ASIT and two measurements of success: disease severity and concomitant medication sparing effect. METHODS Data were retrospectively compiled for 145 dogs with atopic dermatitis treated with ASIT. As a measure of treatment compliance, cases were stratified into dogs treated for less than 12 months or for at least 12 months. Treatment efficacy, defined as a reduction in disease severity score (scale 0-10), was compared between both groups, and correlations between treatment success and several related factors were examined. RESULTS ASIT treatment duration was strongly correlated with treatment efficacy. Animals treated for less than 12 months showed lower efficacy rates (22 per cent) than those treated for at least 12 months (65 per cent). Further, in animals treated for at least 12 months, concomitant medications were reduced more (87 per cent) than in animals treated for less than 12 months (39 per cent). CONCLUSION A lack of owner compliance emerged as the main factor explaining the reduced effectiveness of ASIT. To improve treatment adherence, veterinarians and owners need to be better informed about ASIT mechanisms of action before starting treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Brazís
- Animal Health BU, Laboratorios Leti SL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Ferrer
- Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Anna Puigdemont
- Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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Fischer NM, Rostaher A, Favrot C. A comparative study of subcutaneous, intralymphatic and sublingual immunotherapy for the long-term control of dogs with nonseasonal atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2020; 31:365-e96. [PMID: 32537789 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the only causative treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Different routes for administration of ASIT have been used; however, comparative studies are lacking. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The present study compared the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous (SCIT), intralymphatic (ILIT) and sublingual (SLIT) immunotherapy. ANIMALS 30 atopic dogs were included and allocation to three groups (SCIT, n = 8; ILIT, n = 12; SLIT, n = 10) was determined by the owners. METHODS AND MATERIALS ASIT was administered using routine protocols. The pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS), canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI), concurrent medications and adverse events were recorded initially and one, three, six and 12 months later. The main outcome measure was return to a normal status, which included CADESI <12, PVAS <2.5 and medication score <10. RESULTS Drop-outs were distributed evenly and 23 dogs finished the study (SCIT, n = 6; ILIT, n = 10; SLIT, n = 7). Adverse reactions to treatment were rare. At the start of the study, the three groups were homogeneous with respect to clinical signs and concurrent medications. After 12 months of ASIT, the CADESI and PVAS had decreased with a stable medication score in the ILIT and SCIT groups (P < 0.05), while all three scores had increased in the SLIT group. Return to normal state was achieved in one of six (17%) dogs receiving SCIT, in six of 10 (60%) dogs receiving ILIT and in one of seven (14%) dogs receiving SLIT. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These findings suggest that SCIT and ILIT improved clinical signs of cAD, whereas ILIT had a much higher return to normal rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina M Fischer
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Rostaher
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claude Favrot
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Fischer NM, Müller RS. Allergen Specific Immunotherapy in Canine Atopic Dermatitis: an Update. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-019-00276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Han C, Chan WY, Hill PB. Prevalence of positive reactions in intradermal and IgE serological allergy tests in dogs from South Australia, and the subsequent outcome of allergen-specific immunotherapy. Aust Vet J 2019; 98:17-25. [PMID: 31742667 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of positive allergen reactions in intradermal and IgE serological tests in dogs presenting to a dermatology referral centre in South Australia and the clinical efficacy of subsequent allergen-specific immunotherapy. DESIGN Retrospective study. METHODS Results from 108 intradermal allergy tests, 25 IgE serological assays and immunotherapy outcomes in 37 dogs were retrospectively analysed. Immunotherapy outcomes were determined as excellent, good, modest or failure using a global assessment of efficacy matrix which incorporated pruritus scores, lesion severity, medication requirements, and owner and clinician opinion. RESULTS The most common positive reactions in intradermal allergy tests were Red clover (59%), Dermatophagoides farinae (29%), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (28%), Yellow dock (25%) and Malassezia pachydermatis (24%). In the IgE serological tests, Yorkshire fog grass (40%), Yellow dock (36%), Kentucky bluegrass (36%) and T. putrescentiae (36%) were the most commonly reported positive results. The outcome of allergen-specific immunotherapy was judged to be excellent in 20% of dogs, good in 15%, modest in 18% and a failure in 47%. CONCLUSION As has been reported in other geographical areas, environmental mites and plant pollens frequently gave positive reactions in allergy tests in South Australia. However, the prevalence of individual allergen reactions differed between intradermal and IgE serological tests, with M. pachydermatis being identified as a common cause of hypersensitivity in intradermal tests but not in IgE serological assays. Immunotherapy was judged to be a beneficial treatment in 35% of dogs but was essentially unsuccessful in 65%.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Han
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - W Y Chan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
| | - P B Hill
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, 5371, Australia
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Klinger C. Mesenchymal stem cells: a potential therapy for canine atopic dermatitis? Vet Rec 2018; 183:651-653. [PMID: 30504161 DOI: 10.1136/vr.k4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Klinger
- DVM, Residency ACVD / ECVD completed, Tierklinik Stuttgart Plieningen, Hermann-Fein-Strasse 15, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Gedon NKY, Mueller RS. Atopic dermatitis in cats and dogs: a difficult disease for animals and owners. Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:41. [PMID: 30323921 PMCID: PMC6172809 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review article is to give an overview of atopic dermatitis in companion animals and of recent developments including knowledge on immunological background, novel treatment options and difficulties in disease management. The prevalence of hypersensitivities seems to be increasing. The pathogenetic mechanisms are not fully understood, yet multiple gene abnormalities and altered immunological processes are involved. In dogs and cats, the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is based on history, clinical examination and exclusion of other differential diagnoses. Intradermal testing or testing for serum allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E is only used to identify allergens for inclusion in the extract for allergen immunotherapy. Symptomatic therapy includes glucocorticoids, ciclosporin, essential fatty acids and antihistamines. A selective janus kinase 1 inhibitor and a caninized monoclonal interleukin-31 antibody are the newest options for symptomatic treatment, although longterm effects still need to be assessed. The chronic and often severe nature of the disease, the costly diagnostic workup, frequent clinical flares and lifelong treatment are challenging for owners, pets and veterinarians. Patience and excellent communication skills are needed to achieve a good owner compliance and satisfactory clinical outcome for the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Katharina Yvonne Gedon
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Steffen Mueller
- Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinaerstraße 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Mueller RS, Jensen‐Jarolim E, Roth‐Walter F, Marti E, Janda J, Seida AA, DeBoer D. Allergen immunotherapy in people, dogs, cats and horses - differences, similarities and research needs. Allergy 2018; 73:1989-1999. [PMID: 29675865 DOI: 10.1111/all.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In human patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis sensitized to grass pollen, the first successful allergen immunotherapy (AIT) was reported in 1911. Today, immunotherapy is an accepted treatment for allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and hypersensitivities to insect venom. AIT is also used for atopic dermatitis and recently for food allergy. Subcutaneous, epicutaneous, intralymphatic, oral and sublingual protocols of AIT exist. In animals, most data are available in dogs where subcutaneous AIT is an accepted treatment for atopic dermatitis. Initiating a regulatory response and a production of "blocking" IgG antibodies with AIT are similar mechanisms in human beings and dogs with allergic diseases. Although subcutaneous immunotherapy is used for atopic dermatitis in cats, data for its efficacy are sparse. There is some evidence for successful treatment of feline asthma with AIT. In horses, most studies evaluate the effect of AIT on insect hypersensitivity with conflicting results although promising pilot studies have demonstrated the prophylaxis of insect hypersensitivity with recombinant antigens of biting midges (Culicoides spp.). Optimizing AIT using allergoids, peptide immunotherapy, recombinant allergens and new adjuvants with the different administration types of allergen extracts will further improve compliance and efficacy of this proven treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - E. Jensen‐Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna Austria
| | - F. Roth‐Walter
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - E. Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - J. Janda
- Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - A. A. Seida
- Immunology and Microbiology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - D. DeBoer
- School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
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Abrams SB, Brock GN, Palettas M, Bolner ML, Moore-Sowers T, Plunkett GA, Cole LK, Diaz SF, Lorch G. An evaluation of veterinary allergen extract content and resultant canine intradermal threshold concentrations. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:496-e167. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B. Abrams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; 601 Vernon L. Tharp St. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Guy N. Brock
- Center for Biostatistics; Department of Biomedical Informatics; The Ohio State University; 1800 Cannon Dr. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Marilly Palettas
- Center for Biostatistics; Department of Biomedical Informatics; The Ohio State University; 1800 Cannon Dr. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | | | | | | | - Lynette K. Cole
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; 601 Vernon L. Tharp St. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Sandra F. Diaz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; 601 Vernon L. Tharp St. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Gwendolen Lorch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The Ohio State University; 601 Vernon L. Tharp St. Columbus OH 43210 USA
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Timm K, Mueller RS, Nett-Mettler CS. Long-term effects of intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) on canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:123-e49. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Timm
- vetderm.ch; Ennetseeklinik für Kleintiere AG; Rothusstrasse 2 6331 Hünenberg Switzerland
| | - Ralf S. Mueller
- Zentrum für klinische Tiermedizin; LMU Munich; Veterinaerstrasse 13 80539 Munich Germany
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Kawano K, Mizuno T. A pilot study of the effect of pullulan-conjugated Der f 2 allergen-specific immunotherapy on canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:583-e141. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Kawano
- Primo Animal Hospital Tokyo Animal Allergy Medical Center (AAMC); 1-28-7 Shakujiimachi Nerima-Ku Tokyo 177-0041 Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; 1677-1 Yoshida Yamaguchi Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; 1677-1 Yoshida Yamaguchi Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
- Biomedical Science Center for Translational Research; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science; Yamaguchi University; 1677-1 Yoshida Yamaguchi Yamaguchi 753-8515 Japan
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Wagner I, Geh KJ, Hubert M, Winter G, Weber K, Classen J, Klinger C, Mueller RS. Preliminary evaluation of cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides bound to gelatine nanoparticles as immunotherapy for canine atopic dermatitis. Vet Rec 2017; 181:118. [PMID: 28526774 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) are a promising new immunotherapeutic treatment option for canine atopic dermatitis (AD). The aim of this uncontrolled pilot study was to evaluate clinical and immunological effects of gelatine nanoparticle (GNP)-bound CpG ODN (CpG GNP) on atopic dogs. Eighteen dogs with AD were treated for 8 weeks (group 1, n=8) or 18 weeks (group 2, n=10). Before inclusion and after 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks (group 1+2), 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks (group 2) 75 µg CpG ODN/dog (bound to 1.5 mg GNP) were injected subcutaneously. Pruritus was evaluated daily by the owner. Lesions were evaluated and serum concentrations and mRNA expressions of interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin (IL) 10 and IL-4 (only mRNA expression) were determined at inclusion and after 8 weeks (group 1+2) and 18 weeks (group 2). Lesions and pruritus improved significantly from baseline to week 8. Mean improvements from baseline to week 18 were 23 per cent and 44 per cent for lesions and pruritus, respectively, an improvement of ≥50 per cent was seen in six out of nine and three out of six dogs, respectively. IL-4 mRNA expression decreased significantly. The results of this study show a clinical improvement of canine AD with CpG GNP comparable to allergen immunotherapy. Controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wagner
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - K J Geh
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, LMU Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - M Hubert
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, LMU Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - G Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, LMU Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - K Weber
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - J Classen
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - C Klinger
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - R S Mueller
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Plant JD, Neradilek MB. Effectiveness of regionally-specific immunotherapy for the management of canine atopic dermatitis. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:4. [PMID: 28056956 PMCID: PMC5216569 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine atopic dermatitis is a common pruritic skin disease often treated with allergen immunotherapy (AIT). AIT in dogs traditionally begins with attempting to identify clinically relevant environmental allergens. Current allergen testing methodologies and immunotherapy techniques in dogs are not standardized. Immunotherapy with a mixture of allergenic extracts selected based on regional aerobiology rather than intradermal tests or serum IgE assays has been described. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of regionally-specific immunotherapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis. The medical records of a veterinary dermatology referral clinic were searched for dogs with atopic dermatitis that began regionally-specific subcutaneous immunotherapy from June, 2010 to May, 2013. An overall assessment of treatment effectiveness (excellent, good, fair, or poor) was assigned based upon changes in pruritus severity, lesion severity, and the reduction in concurrent medication(s) during a follow-up period of at least 270 days. Baseline characteristics that might predict treatment success were analyzed with the Spearman’s correlation and the Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results Of the 286 dogs that began regionally-specific immunotherapy (RESPIT) during a 3 year period, 103 met the inclusion criteria. The overall response to RESPIT was classified as excellent in 19%, good in 38%, fair in 25%, and poor in 18% of dogs. The response classification correlated significantly with a reduction in pruritus severity (r = 0.72, p < 0.001) and lesion severity (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), but not with the dogs’ baseline characteristics. Adverse reactions were reported in 7/286 (2.4%) of treated dogs. Conclusions Under the conditions of this study, RESPIT was safe and effective for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Plant
- SkinVet Clinic, 15800 Upper Boones Ferry Road, Suite 120, Lake Oswego, 97035, OR, USA.
| | - Moni B Neradilek
- The Mountain-Whisper-Light Statistics, 1827 23rd Avenue East, Seattle, 98112, WA, USA
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Olivry T, Paps JS, Dunston SM. Proof of concept of the preventive efficacy of high-dose recombinant mono-allergen immunotherapy in atopic dogs sensitized to theDermatophagoides farinaeallergen Der f 2. Vet Dermatol 2016; 28:183-e40. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; NC State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute; NC State University; Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | - Judy S. Paps
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; NC State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
| | - Stanley M. Dunston
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; NC State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27607 USA
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Saridomichelakis MN, Olivry T. An update on the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis. Vet J 2015; 207:29-37. [PMID: 26586215 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease seen in veterinary clinical practice. Several factors appear to contribute to the cutaneous inflammation and pruritus. The therapeutic strategy should focus on control of those factors that can be identified and for which interventional measures are feasible; these include ectoparasites, bacterial/fungal infection and dietary hypersensitivity. Ectoparasites, particularly fleas, are not the cause of atopic dermatitis, but they are a confounding factor, which can exacerbate pruritus, and preventative measures are therefore indicated. Bacterial and yeast infections are frequently associated with atopic dermatitis and initial systemic and/or topical therapy should be considered, followed by regular topical treatment for preventing relapse. Concurrent dietary hypersensitivity should be investigated by undertaking an elimination/provocation trial, followed by feeding of a hypoallergenic diet where appropriate. Depending on the severity of the clinical signs of atopic dermatitis and the willingness and expectations of owners, symptomatic treatment and/or specific interventional therapy for environmental allergy (allergen avoidance, allergen-specific immunotherapy) may be implemented. Symptomatic treatment includes use of glucocorticoids (systemically or topically), ciclosporin and oclacitinib. Other treatment modalities of lower or less proven efficacy include antihistamines, dextromethorphan, fatty acids, feline interferon-omega, misoprostol, pentoxifylline, specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressant drugs. The therapeutic approach should be reviewed at regular intervals and tailored to the individual's needs. A successful long-term outcome can usually be achieved by combining the various treatment approaches in a way that maximises their benefits and minimises their drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N Saridomichelakis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Trikalon Str. 224, Karditsa GR-43100, Greece.
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Lee KW, Blankenship K, McKinney B, Kern G, Buch J, Greenwood J, Brazis P, Drouet L, Tambone C, Faas R, Weaver G. Proficiency monitoring of monoclonal antibody cocktail–based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:461-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638715587547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to document the continued comparative proficiency of different laboratories that perform a monoclonal antibody–based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (macELISA) for detection of allergen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E in dogs. Replicate samples of 18 different sera pools were independently evaluated in a single blinded fashion by each of 16 different operators functioning in 10 different laboratories. The average intra-assay variance among reactive assay calibrators in all laboratories was 6.0% (range: 2.7–16.1%), while the average intralaboratory interassay variance was 7.5% (range: 3.9–10.9%). The overall interassay interlaboratory variance was consistent among laboratories and averaged 11.4% (range: 8.5–12.5%). All laboratories yielded similar profiles and magnitudes of responses for replicate unknown samples; dose response profiles observed in each of the laboratories were indistinguishable. Considering the positive or negative results, interassay interlaboratory concordance of results exceeded 90%. Correlation of optical density values between and among all laboratories was strong ( r > 0.9, P < 0.001). Collectively, the results demonstrated that the macELISA for measuring allergen-specific canine IgE is reproducible, and documents that consistency of results can be achieved not only in an individual laboratory by differing operators but also among laboratories using the same monoclonal-based ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W. Lee
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Karen Blankenship
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Brennan McKinney
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Gerhard Kern
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Jesse Buch
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Janice Greenwood
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Pilar Brazis
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Laurent Drouet
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Cecilia Tambone
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Rebecca Faas
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
| | - Gareth Weaver
- Greer Laboratories Inc., Lenoir, NC (Lee, Blankenship, McKinney)
- IDEXX GmbH, Ludwigsburg, Germany (Kern)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME (Buch)
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc. Markham, Ontario, Canada (Greenwood)
- Univet Diagnostic Services, Sant Cugat, Barcelona, Spain (Brazis)
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Einhorn L, Herrmann I, Thalhammer JG, Panakova L. Pollen Allergies in Humans and their Dogs, Cats and Horses: Differences and Similarities. Clin Transl Allergy 2015; 5:15. [PMID: 25852853 PMCID: PMC4387677 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-015-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both humans and their most important domestic animals harbor IgE and a similar IgE receptor repertoire and expression pattern. The same cell types are also involved in the triggering or regulation of allergies, such as mast cells, eosinophils or T-regulatory cells. Translational clinical studies in domestic animals could therefore help cure animal allergies and at the same time gather knowledge relevant to human patients. Dogs, cats and horses may spontaneously and to different extents develop immediate type symptoms to pollen allergens. The skin, nasal and bronchial reactions, as well as chronic skin lesions due to pollen are in principle comparable to human patients. Pollen of various species most often causes allergic rhinitis in human patients, whereas in dogs it elicits predominantly eczematous lesions (canine atopic dermatitis), in horses recurrent airway obstruction or hives as well as pruritic dermatitis, and in cats bronchial asthma and so-called cutaneous reactive patterns (eosinophilic granuloma complex, head and neck pruritus, symmetric self-induced alopecia). In human allergy-specific IgE detection, skin tests or other allergen provocation tests should be completed. In contrast, in animals IgE and dermal tests are regarded as equally important and may even replace each other. However, for practical and economic reasons intradermal tests are most commonly performed in a specialized practice. As in humans, in dogs, cats and horses allergen immunotherapy leads to significant improvement of the clinical symptoms. The collected evidence suggests that canines, felines and equines, with their spontaneous allergies, are attractive model patients for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, c/o Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger G. 18-20, Vienna, 1090 Austria
| | - Lukas Einhorn
- Comparative Medicine, Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, c/o Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger G. 18-20, Vienna, 1090 Austria
| | - Ina Herrmann
- Dermatology Unit, Clinics of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann G Thalhammer
- Dermatology Unit, Clinics of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Panakova
- Dermatology Unit, Clinics of Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Plant JD, Neradelik MB, Polissar NL, Fadok VA, Scott BA. Agreement between allergen-specific IgE assays and ensuing immunotherapy recommendations from four commercial laboratories in the USA. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:15-e6. [PMID: 24461034 PMCID: PMC4209119 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine allergen-specific IgE assays in the USA are not subjected to an independent laboratory reliability monitoring programme. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement of diagnostic results and treatment recommendations of four serum IgE assays commercially available in the USA. METHODS Replicate serum samples from 10 atopic dogs were submitted to each of four laboratories for allergen-specific IgE assays (ACTT(®) , VARL Liquid Gold, ALLERCEPT(®) and Greer(®) Aller-g-complete(®) ). The interlaboratory agreement of standard, regional panels and ensuing treatment recommendations were analysed with the kappa statistic (κ) to account for agreement that might occur merely by chance. Six comparisons of pairs of laboratories and overall agreement among laboratories were analysed for ungrouped allergens (as tested) and also with allergens grouped according to reported cross-reactivity and taxonomy. RESULTS The overall chance-corrected agreement of the positive/negative test results for ungrouped and grouped allergens was slight (κ = 0.14 and 0.13, respectively). Subset analysis of the laboratory pair with the highest level of diagnostic agreement (κ = 0.36) found slight agreement (κ = 0.13) for ungrouped plants and fungi, but substantial agreement (κ = 0.71) for ungrouped mites. The overall agreement of the treatment recommendations was slight (κ = 0.11). Altogether, 85.1% of ungrouped allergen treatment recommendations were unique to one laboratory or another. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Our study indicated that the choice of IgE assay may have a major influence on the positive/negative results and ensuing treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon D Plant
- SkinVet Clinic, 15800 SW Upper Boones Ferry Road, Suite 120, Lake Oswego, OR, 97035, USA
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Lee KW, Blankenship KD, McCurry ZM, McKinney B, Ruffner R, Esch RE, Tambone C, Faas R, Hermes D, Brazis P, Drouet L. Intra and inter-laboratory reproducibility of a monoclonal antibody cocktail based ELISA for detection of allergen specific IgE in dogs: proficiency monitoring of macELISA in six laboratories. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 148:267-75. [PMID: 22682231 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of results yielded using a monoclonal antibody based ELISA for detection of allergen specific IgE when run in six separate affiliated laboratories. On two separate occasions, duplicate samples of 15 different sera pools were independently evaluated by each laboratory in a single blinded fashion. The average intra-assay variance among reactive assay calibrators in all laboratories was 6.2% (range 2.6-18.2%), while the average intra-laboratory inter-assay variance was 12.1% (range 8.0-17.1%). The overall inter-assay inter-laboratory variance was consistent among laboratories and averaged 15.6% (range 15.1-16.6%). All laboratories yielded similar profiles and magnitudes of responses for replicate unknown samples; dose-response profiles observed in each of the laboratories were indistinguishable. Considering positive/negative results, inter-assay inter-laboratory concordance of results exceeded 95%. Correlation of OD values between and among all laboratories was strong (r>0.9, p<0.001). Correlation of OD values between the two separate evaluations was also high for all allergens except olive, which was attributed to lot-to-lot differences of allergen coated wells. Collectively, the results demonstrated that the monoclonal antibody based ELISA for measuring allergen specific canine IgE is reproducible, and documents that consistency of results can be achieved not only in an individual laboratory, but between laboratories using the same monoclonal-based ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Lee
- Greer Laboratories Inc., 639 Nuway Circle, Lenoir, NC 28645, USA.
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Dell DL, Griffin CE, Thompson LA, Griffies JD. Owner assessment of therapeutic interventions for canine atopic dermatitis: a long-term retrospective analysis. Vet Dermatol 2012; 23:228-e47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kovalik M, Taszkun I, Pomorski Z, Kozak M, Pomorska D, Szczepanik M, Wilkolek P, Palenik L, Shaw DJ, van den Broek AHM, Thoday KL. Evaluation of a human generic formulation of ciclosporin in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis with in vitro assessment of the functional capacity of phagocytic cells. Vet Rec 2011; 168:537. [PMID: 21558130 DOI: 10.1136/vr.c7365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To compare the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a generic formulation of ciclosporin for human beings with prednisone in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis), human generic ciclosporin A (hgCsA) (5 mg/kg daily) and prednisone (1 mg/kg daily for seven days, followed by 1 mg/kg every second day) were administered to 13 and seven dogs with atopic dermatitis, respectively, for 42 days. Skin changes were assessed using a modified canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (mCADESI-01) and a pruritus intensity scale system. The in vitro functional capacity of phagocytic cells was assessed using the tetrazolium reductase activity and zymosan-stimulated tetrazolium reductase activity tests, as well as measurements of the percentage phagocytic activity and the ingestion capacity of phagocytic cells. Haematological and biochemical parameters were also monitored. There was a greater than or equal to 50 per cent reduction from the baseline in mCADESI-01 scores in 84.6 and 100 per cent of dogs, and a greater than or equal to 50 per cent reduction from the baseline in pruritus scores in 76.9 and 85.7 per cent of dogs, treated with hgCsA and prednisone, respectively. No important adverse physical, haematological or biochemical effects occurred with either drug and no statistically significant changes were detected in any of the four tests assessing the functional activity of phagocytes. The generic formulation of ciclosporin was effective in reducing the severity of physical signs of canine atopic dermatitis and was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kovalik
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic.
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Chesney C. Canine atopy - inside out, or outside in? Vet Rec 2011; 168:533-4. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.d3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chesney
- The Mott Clinic, The Beeches; 18 Turnpike, Sampford Peverell Tiverton Devon EX16 7BN
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35
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Carlotti DN, Boulet M, Ducret J, Machicote G, Jasmin P, Rème CA, Albouy M. The use of recombinant omega interferon therapy in canine atopic dermatitis: a double-blind controlled study. Vet Dermatol 2010; 20:405-11. [PMID: 20178477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This double-blind controlled study assessed whether reduced doses of omega interferon (rFeIFN-omega) (Virbagen Omega) could improve the clinical signs of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) over a 6-month period, in comparison with cyclosporin. Thirty-one dogs diagnosed with CAD were entered in the study. Complicating infections were treated prior to entry. Dogs received 10 injections of rFeIFN-omega (1-5 million units according to bodyweight) or placebo over 6 months, and placebo capsules or cyclosporin (5 mg/kg) once daily for 2 months and then twice weekly for 4 months in groups 1 and 2 respectively. Flea control, non-medicated shampooing and ear cleansing were performed regularly. If a bacterial infection or Malassezia overgrowth developed, it was treated with oral cephalexin or with 3% chlorhexidine shampoo respectively. Oral prednisolone was used before day 90 to relieve pruritus when required for humane reasons (1 mg/kg once daily for 7 days). The CADESI-03 and a pruritus index were evaluated on day (D) 0, D14, D35, D56, D90, D120 and D180. No significant difference was detected between the groups for the time courses of lesions or pruritus over 6 months. On D90, the proportions of dogs with > or =50% improvement of pruritus and lesion scores were 56% and 72% respectively with interferon, 75% and 75% respectively with cyclosporin. Five dogs from group 1 and two dogs from group 2 were withdrawn from the study for treatment failure. Both products were well tolerated. Treatment with rfeIFN-omega at low doses may help for the long-term management of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Noël Carlotti
- Aquivet Clinique Vétérinaire, Avenue de la Forêt, Parc d'activités Mermoz, F-33320 Eysines (Bordeaux), France.
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Shimada K, Yoon JS, Yoshihara T, Iwasaki T, Nishifuji K. Increased transepidermal water loss and decreased ceramide content in lesional and non-lesional skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2010; 20:541-6. [PMID: 20178492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00847.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration and intercorneal lipid content in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). TEWL and skin hydration were measured in the inguinal skin of 10 dogs with AD and 30 normal dogs. TEWL was significantly higher in both lesional skin (94.3 +/- 38.8 g/m(2)/h) and non-lesional skin (28.8 +/- 9.5) of dogs with AD than healthy controls (12.3 +/- 2.3) (P < 0.05). Water content in the lesional skin of dogs with AD (15.8 +/- 7.0 AU) was significantly lower than that of controls (24.2 +/- 8.8) (P < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were recognized in water content between non-lesional skin of dogs with AD and controls. To compare the lipid content between lesional and non-lesional skin of dogs with AD and controls, intercorneal lipids, extracted from the stratum corneum, were quantified by thin-layer chromatography. The relative amounts of ceramides in the lesional skin (24.4 +/- 5.6%) and non-lesional skin (25.6 +/- 3.8%) of dogs with AD were significantly lower than those in controls (31.4 +/- 6.9%) (P < 0.05). Conversely, no significant differences were recognized in the relative amounts of cholesterols and free fatty acids (FFA) between dogs with AD and controls. Moreover, there are statistical correlations between TEWL and the relative amounts of ceramides, but not those of cholesterols and FFA, in both lesional and non-lesional skin of dogs with AD. These results strongly suggest that decreased ceramide content accelerates TEWL in dogs with AD, similar to the situation seen in the corresponding human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Shimada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Olivry T, DeBoer DJ, Favrot C, Jackson HA, Mueller RS, Nuttall T, Prélaud P. Treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: 2010 clinical practice guidelines from the International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2010; 21:233-48. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Olivry T, Foster AP, Mueller RS, McEwan NA, Chesney C, Williams HC. Interventions for atopic dermatitis in dogs: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Vet Dermatol 2010; 21:4-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bizikova P, Linder KE, Paps J, Olivry T. Effect of a novel topical diester glucocorticoid spray on immediate- and late-phase cutaneous allergic reactions in Maltese-beagle atopic dogs: a placebo-controlled study. Vet Dermatol 2010; 21:70-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00782.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Thom N, Favrot C, Failing K, Mueller RS, Neiger R, Linek M. Intra- and interlaboratory variability of allergen-specific IgE levels in atopic dogs in three different laboratories using the Fc-ɛ receptor testing. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 133:183-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Masitinib for the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: a pilot study. Vet Res Commun 2009; 34:51-63. [PMID: 20033487 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-009-9332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is an on-going need to identify medications suitable for the long-term treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). Masitinib mesilate is a potent and selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the c-KIT receptor. A strong relationship exists between the SCF/c-KIT pathway and pathogenesis of CAD, suggesting that masitinib may potentially fulfil the above role. This study reports on an uncontrolled pilot study of masitinib in CAD. Masitinib was administered orally to 11 dogs at a mean dose of 11.0 +/- 1.83 mg/kg/day (free base) for 28 days. Treatment response was assessed by evolution of clinical appearance according to a modified version of the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (mCADESI), pruritus scale and surface area of lesions. Masitinib improved CAD with a mean reduction in mCADESI of 50.7 +/- 29.8% (95% C.I. = 29.4-72.0; p = 0.0004) at day 28 relative to baseline, with 8/10, 8/10 and 4/10 dogs showing improvement of >or=33%, >or=40% and >or=50%, respectively. Improvement was further evidenced by a decrease in pruritus score and the surface area of lesions. No serious or severe adverse events occurred during this trial, although 6/11 dogs presented with mild to moderate treatment related adverse events. There is sufficient compelling evidence to warrant further investigation.
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42
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Canine Models of Atopic Dermatitis: A Useful Tool with Untapped Potential. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 129:2351-7. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Horvath-Ungerboeck C, Thoday KL, Shaw DJ, van den Broek AHM. Tepoxalin reduces pruritus and modified CADESI-01 scores in dogs with atopic dermatitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Vet Dermatol 2009; 20:233-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Bonneau S, Skowronski V, Sanquer A, Maynard L, Eun HM. Therapeutic efficacy of topical hydrocortisone aceponate in experimental flea-allergy dermatitis in dogs. Aust Vet J 2009; 87:287-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Dermatophagoides farinae-specific immunotherapy in atopic dogs with hypersensitivity to multiple allergens: A randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Vet J 2009; 180:337-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Loewenstein C, Mueller RS. A review of allergen-specific immunotherapy in human and veterinary medicine. Vet Dermatol 2009; 20:84-98. [PMID: 19320877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2008.00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews allergen-specific immunotherapy in human and veterinary medicine. Current hypotheses of possible mechanisms of actions are outlined. Indications, success rates, adverse effects and factors influencing outcome of therapy are discussed in humans, dogs, cats and horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Loewenstein
- Tierärztliche Klinik für Kleintiere, Bereich Dermatologie, Im Langgewann 9, 65719 Hofheim, Germany
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47
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Lee KW, Blankenship KD, McCurry ZM, Esch RE, DeBoer DJ, Marsella R. Performance characteristics of a monoclonal antibody cocktail-based ELISA for detection of allergen-specific IgE in dogs and comparison with a high affinity IgE receptor-based ELISA. Vet Dermatol 2009; 20:157-64. [PMID: 19374726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to define the operational and performance characteristics of a commercially available monoclonal antibody based (mac) ELISA for detection of allergen-specific IgE in dogs. The average intra-assay variance over 1 year was 9.7% (range 2.5-62.7%), while the interassay variance averaged 10.8% (range 8.1-13.8%). The average positive control responses observed for grass, weed, tree and mite allergens during each month remained relatively constant; the average monthly variance was 11.6% (range 8.3-19.2%) for grass pollens, 13.3% (range 9.1-20.4%) for weed pollens, 13.3% (range 9.8-18.2%) for tree pollens and 13.6% (range 8.9-18.7%) for mite allergens. The interlaboratory concordance of results for the macELISA was approximately 91%. The interlaboratory concordance of results comparing the macELISA and a high affinity IgE receptor-based ELISA was approximately 92%. The results demonstrate that the macELISA is reproducible and the results are comparable to the high affinity IgE receptor based ELISA within and between laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Lee
- Greer Laboratories, Inc., Lenoir, North Carolina 28645, USA.
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Lee-Fowler TM, Cohn LA, DeClue AE, Spinka CM, Reinero CR. Evaluation of subcutaneous versus mucosal (intranasal) allergen-specific rush immunotherapy in experimental feline asthma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 129:49-56. [PMID: 19144412 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rush immunotherapy (RIT) is effective for the treatment of experimental feline allergic asthma. In humans, the safety profile of immunotherapy is improved by delivering allergen by a mucosal route. We hypothesized that mucosal (intranasal) RIT would have similar efficacy to subcutaneous RIT with improved safety. Twelve cats sensitized and challenged with Bermuda grass allergen (BGA) were randomized to receive subcutaneous (SC) or intranasal (IN) RIT. Increasing doses of BGA (20-200 microg) were administered over 24h followed by 200 microg BGA weekly as maintenance. Adverse reactions were recorded. Clinical respiratory scores after BGA aerosol challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) % eosinophils, and cytokine concentrations were measured before RIT (day 1) and at months 1, 3 and 6 (M1, M3, M6). More adverse events were recorded with SC RIT (n=12) compared with IN RIT (n=6). Respiratory scores were lower by M6 compared with D1 in both the groups. The % BALF eosinophils declined significantly after RIT for both groups (mean+/-SEM, SC RIT D1 62+/-12, M6 9+/-4; IN RIT D1 54+/-9, M6 14+/-6). The BALF IL-4:IFN-gamma ratio significantly decreased over time in the IN RIT group (mean+/-SEM, D1 2.4+/-0.2, M6 1.0+/-0.2). While both protocols decreased eosinophilic airway inflammation, the SC RIT protocol did not cause life-threatening adverse events and demonstrated more consistent resolution of clinical signs after allergen challenge. Either protocol could be considered for the treatment of feline allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekla M Lee-Fowler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Jassies-van der Lee A, Rutten V, van Kooten P, van der Zee R, Willemse T. Intradermal injection of Hsp60 induces cytokine responses in canine atopic and healthy skin. Cell Stress Chaperones 2008; 13:387-91. [PMID: 18338240 PMCID: PMC2673936 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunoregulatory potential of Hsp60 in the skin of dogs with atopic dermatitis. Three dogs with chronic atopic dermatitis and four healthy dogs were injected intradermally with Hsp60 and phosphate-buffered saline. Biopsies were taken before testing from non-injected control skin, lesional and non-lesional atopic skin, and 48 and 72 h after injection. Analysis of cytokine messenger RNA was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Forty-eight hours after Hsp60 injection, a rise in interleukin (IL)-10 was found (P = 0.034) with the highest expression levels in non-lesional atopic and control skin. A rise of transforming growth factor beta (P = 0.015) and IL-12p40 (P = 0.017) was noticed 72 h after Hsp60 injection in control skin. No significant differences were observed for the expression of IL-4, IL-12p35, and interferon gamma. The results indicate that Hsp60 is able to induce cytokines of a regulatory and Th1 phenotype in the skin. Furthermore, this study seems to provide a first indication of deficient Hsp60 response in atopic dermatitis affected skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Jassies-van der Lee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Hou CC, Griffin CE, Hill PB. Dermatophagoides farinae-specific IgG responses in atopic dogs undergoing allergen-specific immunotherapy with aqueous vaccines. Vet Dermatol 2008; 19:215-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2008.00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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