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Duran-Struuck R, Matar AJ, Crepeau RL, Teague AGS, Horner BM, Pathiraja V, Spitzer TR, Fishman JA, Bronson RT, Sachs DH, Huang CA. Donor Lymphocyte Infusion-Mediated Graft-versus-Host Responses in a Preclinical Swine Model of Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016; 22:1953-1960. [PMID: 27543159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously described successful hematopoietic stem cell engraftment across MHC barriers in miniature swine without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) using novel reduced-intensity conditioning regimens consisting of partial transient recipient T cell-depletion, thymic or low-dose total body irradiation, and a short course of cyclosporine A. Here we report that stable chimeric animals generated with these protocols are strongly resistant to donor leukocyte infusion (DLI)-mediated GVH effects. Of 33 total DLIs in tolerant chimeras at clinical doses, 21 failed to induce conversion to full donor hematopoietic chimerism or cause GVHD. We attempted to overcome this resistance to conversion through several mechanisms, including using sensitized donor lymphocytes, increasing the DLI dose, removing chimeric host peripheral blood cells through extensive recipient leukapheresis before DLI, and using fully mismatched lymphocytes. Despite our attempts, the resistance to conversion in our model was robust, and when conversion was achieved, it was associated with GVHD in most animals. Our studies suggest that delivery of unmodified hematopoietic stem cell doses under reduced-intensity conditioning can induce a potent, GVHD-free, immune tolerant state that is strongly resistant to DLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimon Duran-Struuck
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Massachusetts General Hospital, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Abraham J Matar
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts; College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Rebecca L Crepeau
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander G S Teague
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin M Horner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vimukthi Pathiraja
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas R Spitzer
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jay A Fishman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH Transplantation Center and Transplant Infectious Disease & Compromised Host Program, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - David H Sachs
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christene A Huang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Duran-Struuck R, Matar A, Crepeau R, Gusha A, Schenk M, Hanekamp I, Pathiraja V, Spitzer TR, Sachs DH, Huang CA. Lack of antidonor alloantibody does not indicate lack of immune sensitization: studies of graft loss in a haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation swine model. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2012; 18:1629-37. [PMID: 22892552 PMCID: PMC3575102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Loss of chimerism is an undesirable outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) after reduced-intensity conditioning. Understanding the nature of cellular and humoral immune responses to HCT after graft loss could lead to improved retransplantation strategies. We investigated the immunologic responses after graft loss in miniature swine recipients of haploidentical HCT that received reduced-intensity conditioning. After the loss of peripheral blood chimerism, antidonor cellular responses were present without detectable antidonor antibody. Reexposure to donor hematopoietic cells after graft loss induced a sensitized antidonor cellular response. No induced antidonor antibody response could be detected despite evidence of cellular sensitization to donor cells. In contrast, unconditioned animals exposed repeatedly to similar doses of haploidentical donor cells developed antidonor antibody responses. These results could have important implications for the design of treatment strategies to overcome antidonor responses in HCT and improve the outcome of retransplantation after graft loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimon Duran-Struuck
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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Piriou-Guzylack L, Salmon H. Membrane markers of the immune cells in swine: an update. Vet Res 2008; 39:54. [PMID: 18638439 DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2008030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides their breeding value, swine are increasingly used as biomedical models. As reported in three international swine clusters of differentiation (CD) workshops and in the animal homologue section of the last workshop for the determination of human leukocyte differentiation antigens (HLDA 8), characterisation of leukocyte surface antigens by monoclonal antibodies and other molecular studies have determined the cell lineages and blood leukocyte subsets implicated in the immune response, including cell adhesion molecules involved in cell trafficking. This review focusses on the current state of knowledge of porcine leukocyte differentiation and major histocompatibility complex (SLA) molecules. Examples of porcine particularities such as the double-positive T lymphocytes with the phenotype CD(4+)CD8(low) and CD(4-)CD8(low) alphabeta T cell subsets and the persistence of SLA class II after T-lymphocyte activation are illustrated, as well as the shared characteristics of the Artiodactyla group, such as the high proportion of gammadelta TcR (T cell receptor) T cells in blood and other lymphoid tissues. Furthermore, discrepancies between swine and humans, such as CD16 expression on dendritic cells and CD11b (wCD11R1) tissue distribution are outlined. The rapidly growing information should facilitate manipulation of the swine immune system towards improving disease control, and open new avenues for biomedical research using the pig as a model.
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Horner BM, Cina RA, Wikiel KJ, Lima B, Ghazi A, Lo DP, Yamada K, Sachs DH, Huang CA. Predictors of organ allograft tolerance following hematopoietic cell transplantation. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:2894-902. [PMID: 17294522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Using the miniature swine large animal model we have attempted to determine the relationship between tolerance and the presence of donor cells in the bone marrow, thymus and lineages of peripheral blood in a series of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients receiving delayed donor allografts without immunosuppression. Twenty-two animals receiving hematopoietic cell transplantation and a delayed organ allograft were analyzed. Assays for presence of donor CFUs in bone marrow (by PCR), thymic chimerism (by FACS and PCR/Southern Blot), peripheral blood chimerism (by FACS), and in vitro responsiveness to donor MHC were performed. Presence of donor BM CFUs, thymic chimerism and multilineage peripheral blood chimerism at the time of organ transplantation all correlated precisely with subsequent allograft tolerance (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.005 respectively). These parameters were therefore accurate predictors (Positive Predictive Value (PPV) = 100% in all) of tolerance. In vitro assays of responsiveness were also highly associated (p < 0.002, p < 0.002 respectively), but were not as accurate predictors of subsequent organ tolerance (CML PPV = 80%). Engraftment, as indicated by the presence of donor derived CFU in the bone marrow, detectable thymic chimerism and multilineage peripheral blood chimerism are reliable predictors of subsequent donor allograft acceptance in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Horner
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Harvard Medical School-Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cina RA, Wikiel KJ, Lee PW, Cameron AM, Hettiarachy S, Rowland H, Goodrich J, Colby C, Spitzer TR, Neville DM, Huang CA. Stable multilineage chimerism without graft versus host disease following nonmyeloablative haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation. Transplantation 2006; 81:1677-85. [PMID: 16794534 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000226061.59196.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic cell transplantation may offer the only cure for patients with hematological diseases. The clinical application of this therapy has been limited by toxic conditioning and lack of matched donors. Haploidentical transplantation would serve to extend the potential donor pool; however, transplantation across major histocompatibility complex barriers is often associated with severe graft-versus-host disease. Here we evaluate a novel protocol to achieve engraftment across mismatch barriers without toxic conditioning or significant posttransplant complications. METHODS Nine major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-defined miniature swine received haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation following standard myeloablative conditioning. Nine additional animals received haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation following a minimally myelosuppressive regimen, consisting of 100 cGy total body irradiation, immunotoxin mediated T-cell depletion, and a short course of cyclosporine. Donor cell engraftment and peripheral chimerism was assessed by polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Graft-versus-host disease was monitored by clinical grading and histology of skin biopsy specimens. RESULTS All animals conditioned for haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation using myeloablative conditioning were euthanized within 2 weeks due to engraftment failure or graft-versus-host disease. All animals conditioned with the nonmyeloablative regimen developed multilineage peripheral blood chimerism during the first 2 months following transplantation. Six animals evaluated beyond 100 days maintained multilineage chimerism in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, showed evidence of progenitor cell engraftment in the bone marrow, and had minimal treatment-related complications. CONCLUSIONS Here we report that stable multilineage chimerism and engraftment can be established across haploidentical major histocompatibility complex barriers with minimal treatment-related toxicity and without significant risk of graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Cina
- Transplantation Biology Research Center-Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Lee PW, Cina RA, Randolph MA, Goodrich J, Rowland H, Arellano R, Kim HB, Sachs DH, Huang CA. Stable multilineage chimerism across full MHC barriers without graft-versus-host disease following in utero bone marrow transplantation in pigs. Exp Hematol 2005; 33:371-9. [PMID: 15730861 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Revised: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stable engraftment of hematopoietic progenitors and multilineage chimerism following in utero bone marrow transplantation could be a promising modality for treatment of prenatally diagnosed blood dyscrasias. For treatment of these diseases, stable chimerism in the myeloid and erythroid lineages is important because it is anticipated that donor-derived cells will compensate for defects in these host lineages. In the present study, a preparation of bone marrow that includes fresh, unmanipulated marrow mixed with T-cell-depleted marrow to achieve 1.5% T-cell content, was injected into the intrahepatic portion of the umbilical vein of porcine fetuses at mid-gestation. Donor hematopoietic progenitor cell engraftment was assessed in fetal liver and recipient bone marrow postnatally by donor-specific polymerase chain reaction of colony-forming units. Chimerism was assessed in lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was assessed by histological analysis of biopsies of skin, bone marrow, liver, and intestine. In this report, we demonstrate that stable multilineage chimerism across a full major histocompatibility complex disparity can be achieved without GVHD through in utero bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia W Lee
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusestts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Dor FJMF, Doucette KE, Mueller NJ, Wilkinson RA, Bajwa JA, McMorrow IM, Tseng YL, Kuwaki K, Houser SL, Fishman JA, Cooper DKC, Huang CA. Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease After Allogeneic Transplantation of the Spleen in Miniature Swine. Transplantation 2004; 78:286-91. [PMID: 15280692 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000128342.64240.cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Spleen transplantation (SpTx) was performed in miniature swine across full major histocompatibility complex barriers to study the tolerogenic effect of the spleen. This study describes the development of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) after allogeneic SpTx. Recipient pigs underwent whole body irradiation (100 cGy), thymic irradiation (700 cGy), and native splenectomy (day 0), and received a 45-day course of intravenous cyclosporine (trough level 400-800 ng/ml). After SpTx, two of seven pigs developed PTLD (1 donor-type, 1 host-type). These two pigs had greater T cell depletion and higher trough levels of cyclosporine. Early changes that occurred prior to the development of clinical features of PTLD were increased porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus-1 viral loads in blood and tissues, and increased numbers of leukocytes, B cells, and total serum IgM. PTLD can occur after allogeneic SpTx in swine. This model may be useful in studies of the pathogenesis of PTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J M F Dor
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH East, Building 149, 13th Street, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Doménech N, Alvarez B, Bullido R, Alonso F, Ezquerra A, Domínguez J. A new epitope on swine CD5 molecule detected by monoclonal antibody 5F12/9. HYBRIDOMA AND HYBRIDOMICS 2003; 22:179-82. [PMID: 12954104 DOI: 10.1089/153685903322286601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (MAb), 5F12/9, that recognizes a new epitope on porcine CD5. Conformation of its CD5 specificity was obtained by means of sequential immunoprecipitation and Western blot experiments in combination with anti-CD5 MAb 1H6/8, whereas cross-blocking experiments with both MAbs showed that they reacted with different epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Doménech
- Unidad de Investigación, Complejo Hospitalario Juan Canalejo, 15006 A Coruña, Spain.
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Saalmüller A, Kuebart G, Hollemweguer E, Chen Z, Nielsen J, Zuckermann F, Haverson K. Summary of workshop findings for porcine T-lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2001; 80:35-52. [PMID: 11445217 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(01)00281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-seven monoclonal antibodies (mAb) selected after the first round analyses in the Third International Swine CD workshop for their possible reactivity with T-lymphocyte specific antigens were further analysed in a second round. As target cells for flow cytometric analyses served peripheral blood mononuclear cells, nylon-wool enriched T-lymphocytes, thymocytes, splenocytes, and lymphocytes derived from Peyer's patches. These second round analyses revealed 15 different data sets. Together with 22 pre-selected data sets from the first round analyses with the whole panel of monoclonal antibodies, 37 data sets were used for the clustering of the respective mAb. Using the LTDB4 program, 19 preliminary clusters could be defined. Two clusters (C3 and C7) with 4 mAb showed no labelling of resting T-lymphocytes. Seven clusters (C1, C2, C4, C5, C6, C11, and C12) contain mAb (in total: 16 mAb) directed against subsets of CD4(-)CD8(-) T-lymphocytes. These mAb seem to recognise antigens on porcine T-lymphocytes with T-cell receptor (TcR) gamma/delta chains. Three clusters (C8, C9, C10, C13) seem to be artificial. They contain either mAb staining CD4(-)CD8(-) T-lymphocytes and low CD8+ cells (C8, C9), mAb with various reactivity (C10) and mAb with known differences in their reactivity (C13). Cluster C14 contains 3 mAb against the CD4a-epitope, C15 describes mAb directed against porcine CD8c-epitope whereas mAb against CD8a and CD8b-epitopes grouped in C19. The mAb found in C16 seem to recognise CD45R. Cluster C17 is composed of different standards directed against CD2, CD3, CD5 and wCD6. Two additional mAb recognising the CD2a-epitope could be enclosed. C18 contains two mAb directed against SWC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saalmüller
- Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, P.O. Box 1149, 72001 Tübingen, Germany.
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Alvarez B, Doménech N, Alonso F, Sánchez C, Gómez del Moral M, Ezquerra A, Domínguez J. Molecular and functional characterization of porcine LFA-1 using monoclonal antibodies to CD11a and CD18. Xenotransplantation 2000; 7:258-66. [PMID: 11081760 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3089.2000.00574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe in this report the production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to the swine homologues of CD11a and CD18 antigens, and their use for phenotypic and functional analysis of porcine leukocytes. Monoclonal antibodies BL1H8 and BL2F1 precipitated two bands of approximately 170 and 95 kDa, whereas mAb BA3H2 brought down three bands of 170, 155 and 95 kDa, from alveolar macrophage lysates. Clearance of macrophage lysates with mAbs BL1H8 and BL2F1 resulted in complete removal of the 170-kDa band. The cell distribution of the molecules recognized by these mAbs was similar to that of human LFA-1. It was found on all leukocytes, although its expression varied among the different leukocyte subpopulations, with monocytes, granulocytes and a subset of CD8+ cells expressing the highest levels. Cross-blocking studies showed that these antibodies recognize different epitopes on porcine LFA-1. Both anti-LFA-1 mAbs strongly inhibited the mitogenic response of PBMC to ConA, whereas the anti-CD18 mAb had no effect. These anti-LFA-1 mAbs also inhibited the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and the NK cell-mediated lysis of K-562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alvarez
- Departamento Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Madrid, Spain
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Pescovitz MD, Book BK, Aasted B, Dominguez J, Ezquerra A, Trebichavsky I, Novikov B, Valpotic I, Sver L, Nielsen J, Arn S, Sachs DH, Lunney JK, Boyd PC, Walker J, Lee R, Davis W, Barbosa IR, Zuckermann F, Saalmüller A. Summary of workshop findings for antibodies reacting with porcine T-cells and activation antigens: results from the Second International Swine CD Workshop. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 60:251-60. [PMID: 9589563 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(97)00101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
After initial evaluation of the 176 new and 19 control monoclonal antibodies (mAb) submitted to the Second International Swine CD Workshop, 57 were assigned to the T-cell/activation marker subgroup. These 57 mAb were further analyzed using flow cytometry on whole blood lymphocytes, splenocytes, Peyer's patch lymphocytes, in vitro cell lines, broncho-alveolar lavage cells, Con A and PHA blasts, fetal cell populations, and by 2-color flow cytometry against mAb to porcine CD2, CD4, and CD8. Finally, the molecular weights of the target antigens were characterized when possible. As a result of these analyses, 23 mAb were distributed into 7 CD clusters. Newly confirmed mAb assignments included: two CD2; one CD4; two CD5; one wCD6; and one wCD25. Three new mAb were found that reacted with wCD8, one of which defined a new epitope, wCD8c. For the first time, mAb against porcine CD3 were identified, including 6 mAb that reacted with three different epitopes. Several new mAb reacted with antigens whose expression varied depending on the activation state of the test cell. These will require further characterization in order to assign a CD number.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Pescovitz
- Indiana University, Department of Surgery and Microbiology/Immunology, Indianapolis 46202, USA
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