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Cai L, Deng L, Huang X, Ren J. Catalytic Chemiluminescence Polymer Dots for Ultrasensitive In Vivo Imaging of Intrinsic Reactive Oxygen Species in Mice. Anal Chem 2018; 90:6929-6935. [PMID: 29732881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) is a promising bioimaging method due to no interferences of light source and autofluorescence. However, compared to fluorescent emission, most CL reactions show short emission time and wavelength and weak emission intensity, which limit their applications in in vivo imaging. Here, we report mimic-enzyme catalytic CL polymer dots (hemin-Pdots) consisting of hemin and fluorescent conjugated polymer based on chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer. Hemin-Pdots show about 700× enhanced CL and over 10 h light emission in the presence of CL substrates and H2O2. These properties are mainly due to high-catalytic activity of hemin-Pdots and slow-diffusion-controlled heterogeneous reaction. Hemin-Pdots also possess excellent biocompatibility, good stability, emission wavelength redshift, and ultrasensitive response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and they were successfully used for real-time imaging ROS levels in the peritoneal cavity and normal and tumor tissues of mice. Hemin-Pdots as new CL probes have wide applications in bioassays, bioimaging, and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvping Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jicun Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
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Zeeli S, Weill T, Finkin-Groner E, Bejar C, Melamed M, Furman S, Zhenin M, Nudelman A, Weinstock M. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Derivatives of Indoline as Highly Potent Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Agents. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4004-4019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shani Zeeli
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tehilla Weill
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Efrat Finkin-Groner
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Corina Bejar
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Michal Melamed
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Svetlana Furman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Michael Zhenin
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Abraham Nudelman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Marta Weinstock
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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Nandi A, Bishayi B. Intracellularly survived Staphylococcus aureus after phagocytosis are more virulent in inducing cytotoxicity in fresh murine peritoneal macrophages utilizing TLR-2 as a possible target. Microb Pathog 2016; 97:131-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Edem MSc VF, Arinola GO. Innate Cellular Immunity in Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients and During Chemotherapy. Ann Glob Health 2016; 81:669-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Curcumin Attenuates CFA Induced Thermal Hyperalgesia by Modulation of Antioxidant Enzymes and Down Regulation of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:463-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1489-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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6
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Lee IJ, Hwang O, Yoo DH, Khang GS, Lee DW. Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in vitro and in vivo Using Peroxalate Chemiluminescent Micelles. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.7.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nakao N, Kurokawa T, Nonami T, Tumurkhuu G, Koide N, Yokochi T. Hydrogen peroxide induces the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells via activation of p38 and stress-activated protein kinase. Innate Immun 2008; 14:190-6. [PMID: 18562577 DOI: 10.1177/1753425908093932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was examined in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. H(2)O( 2) led to production of TNF-alpha up to 24 h after the treatment, but not nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cells. H(2)O(2) induced TNF-alpha production in mouse peritoneal macrophages as well as RAW 264.7 cells. The H(2)O(2)induced TNF-alpha production was prevented by inhibitors of p38 and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK/JNK), and H(2)O( 2) induced the phosphorylation of p38 and SAPK. Further, H(2)O( 2) significantly augmented the AP-1 activity, but not nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity in RAW 264.7 cells. A high level of intracellular reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) was detected in H(2)O(2)-exposed RAW 264.7 cells. Ebselen, a cell permeable antioxidant, prevented the H( 2)O(2)-induced TNFalpha production. H(2)O(2) significantly enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha production. Therefore, H( 2) O(2) was suggested to induce TNF-alpha production in macrophages via activating p38 and SAPK/JNK as oxidative stress-related signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noiku Nakao
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Lee D, Khaja S, Velasquez-Castano JC, Dasari M, Sun C, Petros J, Taylor WR, Murthy N. In vivo imaging of hydrogen peroxide with chemiluminescent nanoparticles. NATURE MATERIALS 2007; 6:765-9. [PMID: 17704780 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The overproduction of hydrogen peroxide is implicated in the development of numerous diseases and there is currently great interest in developing contrast agents that can image hydrogen peroxide in vivo. In this report, we demonstrate that nanoparticles formulated from peroxalate esters and fluorescent dyes can image hydrogen peroxide in vivo with high specificity and sensitivity. The peroxalate nanoparticles image hydrogen peroxide by undergoing a three-component chemiluminescent reaction between hydrogen peroxide, peroxalate esters and fluorescent dyes. The peroxalate nanoparticles have several attractive properties for in vivo imaging, such as tunable wavelength emission (460-630 nm), nanomolar sensitivity for hydrogen peroxide and excellent specificity for hydrogen peroxide over other reactive oxygen species. The peroxalate nanoparticles were capable of imaging hydrogen peroxide in the peritoneal cavity of mice during a lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response. We anticipate numerous applications of peroxalate nanoparticles for in vivo imaging of hydrogen peroxide, given their high specificity and sensitivity and deep-tissue-imaging capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Lee
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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Zurgil N, Shafran Y, Afrimzon E, Fixler D, Shainberg A, Deutsch M. Concomitant real-time monitoring of intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential in individual living promonocytic cells. J Immunol Methods 2006; 316:27-41. [PMID: 17011571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently been shown to be involved in multiple physiological responses through modulation of signaling pathways. Inappropriate production of these radicals, and their metabolites, leads to the development of various pathologies. Free radicals can induce both positive and negative effects in cells, and their metabolic pathways are very complex. Hence, it is crucial to be able to simultaneously and directly determine their production dynamics and concentrations in individual living cells, in physiological or pathological states, and in response to drugs. The aim of the present study was to monitor in real time the rates of ROS generation in promonocytic cells upon stimulation with hydrogen peroxide and oxidized lipid. Quantitative detection of intracellular ROS concentration in intact living U937 cells was performed by fluorescence intensity (FI) and polarization (FP) measurements utilizing the Optical LiveCell Array technology. The "dihydro" derivative probes of fluorescein (DCF-DA) and rhodamine (DHR123) were used to assess the intracellular levels of ROS. Each probe molecule exhibited a characteristic FI and FP in its non-fluorescent or oxidized form. Analysis of the temporal relationship between the kinetics of ROS generation and the onset of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential shows high variability within a cell population with regard to both processes. The data demonstrated that temporal measurement of ROS generation, in identifiable individual cells, reveals kinetic behavior that otherwise would be undetected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Zurgil
- The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and the Technology of the Cellome, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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Hill EV, Sheppard CL, Cheung YF, Gall I, Krause E, Houslay MD. Oxidative stress employs phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase and ERK signalling pathways to activate cAMP phosphodiesterase-4D3 (PDE4D3) through multi-site phosphorylation at Ser239 and Ser579. Cell Signal 2006; 18:2056-69. [PMID: 16973330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RAW macrophages, which express the PDE4D3 and PDE4D5 cAMP phosphodiesterase isoforms, exhibited increased PDE4 activity when challenged with H2O2 in a fashion that was negated by treatment with the cell permeant antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine and by diphenyleneiodonium chloride, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. In Cos1 cells transfected to express PDE4D3, challenge with H2O2 caused a rapid increase in both the activity and phosphorylation of PDE4D3. Lysates from H2O2-treated COS cells caused the phosphorylation of purified, recombinant PDE4D3 at two sites. One was the established ERK phosphorylation site at Ser579, located at the extreme C-terminus of the catalytic unit, and the other was a novel site at Ser239, located at the extreme N-terminus of the catalytic unit. Double Ser239Ala:Ser579Ala mutation of PDE4D3 prevented its H2O2-dependent phosphorylation both in vitro and in intact COS cells. Phosphorylation of PDE4D3 at Ser579 was ablated by treating COS cells with the MEK inhibitor, PD98059, which also negated activation. The activity of the Ser239Ala:Ser579Ala double mutant, and the Ser579Ala single PDE4D3 mutant was unaffected by H2O2 challenge of COS cells, whilst the Ser239Ala mutant was inhibited. Wortmannin inhibited the H2O2-dependent phosphorylation of PDE4D3 in COS cells by around 50%, whilst it fully ablated phosphorylation at Ser239 as well as ablating activation of PDE4D3. Neither immunodepletion of p70S6 kinase nor siRNA-mediated knockdown of mTor inhibited the H2O2-dependent phosphorylation of PDE4D3 at Ser239. Activation of PDE4D3 by challenge with H2O2 was not additive with activation through protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of PDE4D3. Challenge with H2O2 did not alter PKA-mediated phosphorylation of PDE4D3 at Ser54. H2O2 dependent phosphorylation of PDE4D3, at Ser239 and Ser579, did not alter the sensitivity of PDE4D3 to inhibition by the selective PDE4 inhibitor, rolipram. An unknown protein kinase acting downstream of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase phosphorylates PDE4D3 at Ser239. This switches the effect of phosphorylation by ERK at Ser579 from inhibition to activation. We propose that phosphorylation at Ser239 attenuates interaction between either UCR2 or the UCR1/UCR2 module and the PDE4 catalytic unit so as to re-programme the functional outcome effect of phosphorylation by ERK. We identify a novel process through which reactive oxygen species activate long PDE4 isoforms so as to reduce cAMP levels and thereby promote inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine V Hill
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
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Dlugovitzky D, Fiorenza G, Farroni M, Bogue C, Stanford C, Stanford J. Immunological consequences of three doses of heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae in the immunotherapy of tuberculosis. Respir Med 2005; 100:1079-87. [PMID: 16278080 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2005.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Revised: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the first study of triple-dose immunotherapy with heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae (SRL 172) combined with short-course, directly observed chemotherapy in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients. The study was carried out in Rosario, Argentina, where single-dose immunotherapy with M. vaccae has previously been shown effective. Twenty-two HIV seronegative patients, sputum-positive for tubercle bacilli, entered a randomised and partly blinded trial. Twelve patients received injections of SRL 172 and 10 patients received placebo on days 1, 30 and 60 of chemotherapy. All patients were followed up clinically, by sputum bacteriology, chest radiography and haematology. Patients receiving SRL 172 showed faster and more complete clinical improvement, accelerated disappearance of bacilli from sputum, better radiological clearance and a more rapid fall in ESR, than did those receiving placebo. Follow-up continued for a year after therapy and no patient failed treatment or relapsed. Special investigations included longitudinal assessments of respiratory bursts and expression of CD11b on separated polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was measured in the supernates of cultured cells and both TNF-alpha and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were measured in serum samples. Immunotherapy recipients showed a significantly faster return towards normal values in all the immunological parameters, than did placebo recipients. The results are consistent with a regulatory activity on cellular immunity, reducing the influence of Th2 and enhancing Th1 to the benefit of the patients. This could allow a reduced period of chemotherapy without loss of efficacy and help to prevent the development of multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Dlugovitzky
- Catedra de Microbiologia, Virologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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12
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Liao XL, Lou B, Ma J, Wu MP. Neutrophils activation can be diminished by apolipoprotein A-I. Life Sci 2005; 77:325-35. [PMID: 15878359 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) has anti-inflammatory function. To investigate the effects of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), the major apolipoprotein of HDL, on activated neutrophils, we stimulated neutrophils in vitro with fMLP and PMA, as a receptor-binding and a nonreceptor-binding stimuli, respectively, and incubated ApoA-I with those neutrophils. Three conditions were utilized: 1) resting neutrophils + ApoA-I (0, 2.5,5, 10 microg/mL respectively), 2) fMLP(10(-7) mol/L)-activated neutrophils + ApoA-I (0, 2.5, 5, 10 microg/mL respectively), and 3) PMA(10(-7) mol/L)-activated neutrophils + ApoA-I (0, 2.5, 5, 10 microg/mL respectively). After incubation, we measured neutrophils adhesion to fibronectin, oxidative bust (O2- and H2O2 production), degranulation (release of MPO and elastase), and L929 cell mortality which were attacked by release-out of cytokines in activated neutrophils (using MTT). Our results showed that in vitro ApoA-I inhibits fMLP- and PMA- activated neutrophil adhesion, oxidative burst, degranulation and L929 cell mortality. These inhibition effects of ApoA-I on fMLP-activated neutrophils are more powerful than that on PMA-activated neutrophils. ApoA-I has no effect on resting neutrophils. We concluded that ApoA-I could diminish the function of activated neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Twining CM, Sloane EM, Milligan ED, Chacur M, Martin D, Poole S, Marsh H, Maier SF, Watkins LR. Peri-sciatic proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and complement induce mirror-image neuropathic pain in rats. Pain 2004; 110:299-309. [PMID: 15275780 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2003] [Revised: 03/25/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In inflammatory neuropathy, immune activation near intact peripheral nerves induces mechanical allodynia. The identity of the peripheral immune product(s) that lead to these changes in pain behavior is unknown. The present series of studies utilized the sciatic inflammatory neuropathy (SIN) model to examine this question. Here, inflammatory neuropathy is created by injecting an immune activator (zymosan) around one sciatic nerve via an indwelling catheter. Our prior studies demonstrated that peri-sciatic zymosan activated macrophages and neutrophils to release proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, zymosan is a classical activator of the complement cascade. Thus the present series of experiments examined whether any of these inflammatory mediators are involved in the initial induction of SIN-induced ipsilateral or bilateral allodynias. Peri-sciatic injection of selective inhibitors/antagonists revealed that a number of immune products are early mediators of the resultant allodynias, including proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6), ROS, and complement. Thus these immune-derived substances can markedly alter sensory nerve function at mid-axon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin M Twining
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Campus Box 345. Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA
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Fiorenza G, Bottasso OA, Rateni L, Farroni MA, Dlugovitzky D. Impaired neutrophil function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and its normalization in those undergoing specific treatment, except the HIV-coinfected cases. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2003; 35:159-64. [PMID: 12628553 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-8244(03)00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our study investigated whether the respiratory burst (RB) of polymorphonuclear neutrophils from tuberculosis (TB) patients was related with the disease severity or treatment, as well as the circulating levels of TNF-alpha. The sample comprised 57 patients with moderate (n=21) or advanced disease (n=36, 13 of them with HIV coinfection, TB-HIV) and 12 controls. Patients were newly diagnosed (n=27) or under treatment (moderate=14, advanced=10, TB-HIV=6). Cytometric analysis showed that untreated patients had a depressed RB in response to Candida albicans, being more pronounced in the advanced group and nearly absent in TB-HIV cases. A recovered RB was observed in treated patients, except for the TB-HIV cases that continued to show a poor response. TNF-alpha serum levels were increased in untreated patients, mostly in the advanced and TB-HIV groups, and showed an inverse and significant correlation with the RB. Disease severity and anti-TB therapy exerted negative and positive influences on the reactive oxygen intermediates production, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Fiorenza
- Cátedra de Microbiologi;a, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario (2000), Argentina
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Kalff JC, Türler A, Schwarz NT, Schraut WH, Lee KKW, Tweardy DJ, Billiar TR, Simmons RL, Bauer AJ. Intra-abdominal activation of a local inflammatory response within the human muscularis externa during laparotomy. Ann Surg 2003; 237:301-15. [PMID: 12616113 PMCID: PMC1514322 DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000055742.79045.7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the initiation of a complex inflammatory response within the human intestinal muscularis intraoperatively so as to determine the clinical applicability of the inflammatory hypothesis of postoperative ileus. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Mild intestinal manipulation in rodents initiates the activation of transcription factors, upregulates proinflammatory cytokines, and increases the release of kinetically active mediators (nitric oxide and prostaglandins), all of which results in the recruitment of leukocytes and a suppression in motility (i.e., postoperative ileus). METHODS Human small bowel specimens were harvested during abdominal procedures at various times after laparotomy. Histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques were applied to intestinal muscularis whole-mounts. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) protein phosphorylation was determined by electromobility shift assay. Organ bath experiments were performed on jejunal circular smooth muscle strips. GW274150C and DFU were used in vitro as iNOS and COX-2 inhibitors. RESULTS Normal human muscularis externa contained numerous macrophages that expressed increased lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) immunoreactivity as a function of intraoperative time. RT-PCR demonstrated a time-dependent induction of IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, iNOS, and COX-2 mRNAs within muscularis extracts after incision. Mediators were localized to macrophages with STAT protein activation in protein extracts demonstrating local IL-6 functional activity. DFU alone or in combination with GW274150C increased circular muscle contractility. Specimens harvested after reoperation developed leukocytic infiltrates and displayed diminished in vitro muscle contractility. CONCLUSIONS These human data demonstrate that surgical trauma is followed by resident muscularis macrophage activation and the upregulation, release, and functional activity of proinflammatory cytokines and kinetically active mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg C Kalff
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Bostan M, Galatiuc C, Hirt M, Constantin MC, Brasoveanu LI, Iordachescu D. Phospholipase A2 modulates respiratory burst developed by neutrophils in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Cell Mol Med 2003; 7:57-66. [PMID: 12767262 PMCID: PMC6740302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2003.tb00203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated by bacterial peptides, phorbol esters, calcium ionophores and other agonists, neutrophils (PMNs) release the proinflammatory mediator, arachidonic acid (AA) via the intervention of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). AA may play an essential role in activation of NADPH-oxidase, which is involved in the generation of superoxide anion by neutrophils. The present study is focused on the involvement of PLA(2) in the respiratory burst developed by PMNs isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PLA(2) exists in very high levels in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and may cause acute inflammatory and proliferative changes in synovial structures. The respiratory burst was evaluated as superoxide anion release, using an amplified chemiluminescence method. The assays were performed using PMNs untreated or treated with different doses of stimulatory reagents (phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore (A23187)). Our data suggested that PMA stimulated the production of superoxide anion in a dose-response manner, as compared with A23187, which did not induce a significant release of superoxide anion in PMNs-RA. The exogenous addition of AA significantly amplified the superoxide anion release by PMNs-RA stimulated with PMA and to a lesser extent, by PMNs stimulated with A23187. AA has also reversed the inhibitory effect of arachidonyl-trifluorometylketone and E-6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthalenyl)2H-pyran-2-one (BEL) on the superoxide anion release by PMNs-RA. In conclusion, the differential responses to these two agents suggested that different isoforms of PLA(2) were activated by A23187 or PMA, and support the idea that activation of these different PLA(2) served distinct functions of PMNs. Therefore, the inhibition of PLA(2) enzymes might be of great importance in the immunotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Bostan
- Center of Immunology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania.
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Morio LA, Hooper KA, Brittingham J, Li TH, Gordon RE, Turpin BJ, Laskin DL. Tissue injury following inhalation of fine particulate matter and hydrogen peroxide is associated with altered production of inflammatory mediators and antioxidants by alveolar macrophages. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001; 177:188-99. [PMID: 11749118 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is present in the atmosphere at concentrations known to induce cell and tissue damage. However, inhaled H(2)O(2) vapor should not reach the lower lung due to its high water solubility. It has been suggested that hygroscopic components of particulate matter (PM) may transport H(2)O(2) into the lower lung and induce tissue injury and this was investigated. Ammonium sulfate [(NH(4))(2)SO(4)] was selected as a model for fine atmospheric PM. Treatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats with (NH(4))(2)SO(4) (429 or 215 microg/m(3); 0.3-0.4 microm mass median diameter) or H(2)O(2) (10, 20, or 100 ppb) alone or in combination for 2 h had no major effect on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell number or viability or on protein content or lactate dehydrogenase levels, either immediately or 24 h after exposure, relative to air-exposed rats. However, electron microscopy revealed increased numbers of neutrophils in pulmonary capillaries adhered to the vascular endothelium in rats treated with the combination of (NH(4))(2)SO(4) + H(2)O(2). Exposure of rats to (NH(4))(2)SO(4) + H(2)O(2) also resulted in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by alveolar macrophages. This was observed immediately and 24 h after exposure. Immediately after inhalation of (NH(4))(2)SO(4) + H(2)O(2), a transient increase in production of superoxide anion by alveolar macrophages was observed. In contrast, nitric oxide production by cells from rats exposed to (NH(4))(2)SO(4) + H(2)O(2) or H(2)O(2) alone was decreased, and this persisted for 24 h. Decreases in nitric oxide may be due to superoxide anion-driven formation of peroxynitrite. In this regard, nitrotyrosine, an in vivo marker of peroxynitrite, was detected in lung tissue after exposure of rats to (NH(4))(2)SO(4) + H(2)O(2) or H(2)O(2). We also found that expression of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 by stimulated alveolar macrophages was increased following exposure of rats to (NH(4))(2)SO(4) + H(2)O(2). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the biological effects of inhaled fine PM are augmented by H(2)O(2). Moreover, tissue injury induced by fine PM may be related to altered production of cytotoxic mediators by alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Morio
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Bostan M, Brasoveanu LI, Livescu A, Manda G, Neagu M, Iordachescu D. Effects of synovial fluid on the respiratory burst of granulocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. J Cell Mol Med 2001; 5:188-94. [PMID: 12067501 PMCID: PMC6738123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2001.tb00152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration in the synovia is an important feature of the local inflammatory process associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The present study is focused on the effects exerted in vitro by the synovial fluid versus serum on the respiratory burst of granulocytes isolated either from blood or synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. The respiratory burst was evaluated as superoxide anion release, by lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence. Our data show that the respiratory burst of granulocytes isolated from rheumatoid arthritis patients might trigger a significant oxidative stress both in periphery and the inflamed joint. These cells show no pathological pattern when activated in vitro by the chemotactic peptide fMLP, heterologous synovial fluid or serum. Acellular synovial fluid amplifies the superoxide anion release induced by fMLP more than the corresponding serum, indicating that a bacterial infection in the joint might enhance the oxidative damage in the inflamed synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bostan
- Center of Immunology, Institute of Virology St. S. Nicolau, Bucharest, Romania.
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Montes de Oca R, Buendía AJ, Sánchez J, Del Río L, Seva J, Navarro JA, Salinas J. Limited role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in a pregnant mouse model of secondary infection by Chlamydophila abortus (Chlamydia psittaci serotype 1). Microb Pathog 2000; 29:319-27. [PMID: 11095917 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.2000.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the clearance of infection, and in the development of specific immunity against Chlamydophila abortus (Chlamydia psittaci serotype 1) secondary infection. A pregnant mouse model depleted of neutrophils by the RB6-8C5 monoclonal antibody was used. No clinical signs were observed in depleted or non-depleted mice after secondary infection and no significant differences were observed in the litter size between the infected and control groups. In PMN-depleted mice C. abortus was not detected in the materno-fetal unit but merely produced low, persistent levels of infection in spleen and liver. In the non-depleted mice the level of infection was significantly lower, being resolved during the first few days post-reinfection. In both infected mice groups the immune response in the liver was quickly established and was seen to be composed mainly of CD4(+)T lymphocytes and macrophages. A Th1 response characterized by the presence of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in serum was observed during early infection, with significantly higher levels in the non-depleted animals. Our results suggest that PMNs have little influence on the control of C. abortus secondary infection, although they are a first line of defense and may influence the early production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Montes de Oca
- Departamento de Histología y Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de Murcia, Spain
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