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Amer M, Vaccalluzzo L, Vena W, Mazziotti G, Morenghi E, Pizzocaro A. Oncological diseases in Klinefelter Syndrome: an overview. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2023; 48:106-114. [PMID: 34014064 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.21.03440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have highlighted a higher incidence of morbidity and mortality among individuals with Klinefelter's Syndrome (KS), however, the relative impact of oncological diseases on KS subjects is still uncertain. While some malignancies (e.g., hematological and lung cancers) may show an increased prevalence in the KS population, only a few rare tumors (i.e., extragonadal germ cell tumors [GCTs] and male breast cancer [MBC]) seem to follow this trend. Additionally, hormonal and genetic determinants may be involved in the pathogenesis of neoplasia in KS, even if subjects affected by this syndrome generally show lower incidence of prostate cancer along with lower disease-specific mortality despite testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). This review deals with the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of neoplastic diseases occurring in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Amer
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Liborio Vaccalluzzo
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Vena
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy -
| | - Gherardo Mazziotti
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morenghi
- Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pizzocaro
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Kjeldsen E. Congenital Aneuploidy in Klinefelter Syndrome with B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Might Be Associated with Chromosomal Instability and Reduced Telomere Length. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092316. [PMID: 35565445 PMCID: PMC9136641 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a rare congenital aneuploidy characterized by inherited gain of one X chromosome (XXY). KS is associated with higher susceptibility to the development of cancer. Somatic acquired chromosomal aberrations and chromosomal instability are hallmarks of cancer and leukemia but little is known about the cellular mechanisms involved. The conducted research aimed to identify genomic mechanisms involved in chromosomal evolution mechanisms important for leukemic development. In the leukemic blasts of a patient with KS and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), we identified additional acquired chromosomal aberration and a significant reduction in the length of the chromosomal ends, i.e., telomeres. A literature review of KS patients with B-ALL revealed that the majority of these patients had acquired two or more additional chromosomal aberrations at B-ALL diagnosis. These data indicate that enhanced reduction in telomere length might be associated with chromosomal instability and may serve as a future target for therapy or prevention. Abstract Rare congenital aneuploid conditions such as trisomy 13, trisomy 18, trisomy 21 and Klinefelter syndrome (KS, 47,XXY) are associated with higher susceptibility to developing cancer compared with euploid genomes. Aneuploidy frequently co-exists with chromosomal instability, which can be viewed as a “vicious cycle” where aneuploidy potentiates chromosomal instability, leading to further karyotype diversity, and in turn, paving the adaptive evolution of cancer. However, the relationship between congenital aneuploidy per se and tumor initiation and/or progression is not well understood. We used G-banding analysis, array comparative genomic hybridization analysis and quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization for telomere length analysis to characterize the leukemic blasts of a three-year-old boy with KS and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), to gain insight into genomic evolution mechanisms in congenital aneuploidy and leukemic development. We found chromosomal instability and a significant reduction in telomere length in leukemic blasts when compared with the non-leukemic aneuploid cells. Reviewing published cases with KS and B-ALL revealed 20 additional cases with B-ALL diagnostic cytogenetics. Including our present case, 67.7% (14/21) had acquired two or more additional chromosomal aberrations at B-ALL diagnosis. The presented data indicate that congenital aneuploidy in B-ALL might be associated with chromosomal instability, which may be fueled by enhanced telomere attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eigil Kjeldsen
- Cancercytogenetics Section, Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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Billapati S, Sowmya GC, Tapadia RS, Dutta UR. Beta Thalassemia and Klinefelter syndrome: a rare occurrence. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
β-Thalassemia is an inherited haematological blood disorder in the HBB gene, and variations in this HBB gene lead to the absence/deficiency of the Beta chain synthesis of haemoglobin leading to severe anaemia. Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality that affects physical and cognitive development in males. Affected individuals are taller, show gynaecomastia and behavioural problems and have small testes that do not produce much testosterone. We describe a boy with β-Thalassemia major referred for chromosomal analysis due to delayed puberty and short stature. This is a second case reported in the literature that gives information on two different contradicting genetic disorders in a single individual but novel case as he exhibits additional short-stature phenotype.
Case presentation
A 17-year-old boy with short stature and gonadal dysfunction was referred for chromosomal analysis. He needed blood transfusion every 4 weeks. The GTG banding for chromosomal analysis and standard PCR for variant detection of HBB gene, Bi-directional Sanger sequencing of the PCR products and multiplex PCR for Y microdeletion of the AZF a, b and c regions on the Y chromosome were performed. The cytogenetic analysis revealed a karyotype of 47,XXY. The HBB gene detected two heterozygous variants forming a pathogenic compound heterozygous condition. The multiplex PCR revealed that the AZF a, b and c regions were intact and were not deleted.
Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the second case of a patient with β-Thalassemia associated with Klinefelter syndrome but a novel case with short-stature phenotype association instead of tall stature. The possible association of these two disorders and the unusual phenotypic presentation are discussed. This study highlights the possibility of ruling out Thalassemia while evaluating patients with short stature and delayed puberty.
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San-José P, Aguadero V, Perea G, Estrada M, Berlanga E. Gamma heavy-chain disease accompanied with follicular lymphoma: a case report. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2018; 28:010802. [PMID: 29472805 PMCID: PMC5806617 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2018.010802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy chain diseases (HCD) are B-cell lymphoprolipherative disorders characterized by the production of monoclonal heavy chains without associated light chains. Some cases of gamma-HCD (γ-HCD) are concurrent with other lymphoid neoplasm. The monoclonal component is not always detectable by serum electrophoresis, and often an immunofixation procedure is necessary to detect this component. Prognosis is variable, and no established guidelines for follow-up are available. We describe a case of a challenging diagnosis of γ-HCD due to the absence of clinical signs frequently reported in the disease (anaemia and palatal oedema among others). Haematological malignancy was the first suspicion but bone marrow examination was negative. In addition, the presence of an autoimmune bicytopenia and a Klinefelter syndrome complicated the clinical context of the patient. A thoracoabdominal computed tomography reported many small adenopathies whose pathological and immunohystochemical study revealed a follicular lymphoma. Shortly after, serum inmunofixation secondary to an abnormal electrophoretic pattern revealed a gamma paraprotein without light chains. Eventually, γ-HCD in association with follicular lymphoma was the final diagnosis. This is the first case reporting this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula San-José
- Clinical Laboratory, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Aguadero
- Clinical Laboratory, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Granada Perea
- Clinical Laboratory, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Hematology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Estrada
- Clinical Laboratory, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Hematology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenio Berlanga
- Clinical Laboratory, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndrome in a Child With Klinefelter Syndrome. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018; 40:81-82. [PMID: 28902077 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Davis S, Howell S, Wilson R, Tanda T, Ross J, Zeitler P, Tartaglia N. Advances in the Interdisciplinary Care of Children with Klinefelter Syndrome. Adv Pediatr 2016; 63:15-46. [PMID: 27426894 PMCID: PMC5340500 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanlee Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue B265, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Susan Howell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Developmental Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue B140, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca Wilson
- Developmental Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue B140, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tanea Tanda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Developmental Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue B140, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Judy Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, 833 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Pediatric Endocrinology, Nemours A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Philip Zeitler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue B265, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nicole Tartaglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Developmental Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Avenue B140, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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7
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Park YT, Park CH, Bae MA, Jung HS, Lee YI, Lim JH, Cha HJ, Seo MJ, Park SH, Choi Y, Kim H, Jo JC. Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma in a Patient with Klinefelter Syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2016; 17:529-34. [PMID: 27452959 PMCID: PMC4961065 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.897572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 61 Final Diagnosis: AITL in Klinefelter syndrome Symptoms: — Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Chemotherapy Specialty: Hematology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tae Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Mi Ae Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hwa Sik Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Youn Im Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Cha
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Seo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Seol Hoon Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Yunsuk Choi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hawk Kim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Cheol Jo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
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Rau RE, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Arland L, Carroll WL, Winick NJ, Raetz EA, Loh ML, Yang W, Relling MV, Dai Y, Devidas M, Hunger SP. Klinefelter syndrome and 47,XYY syndrome in children with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 179:843-846. [PMID: 27434379 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Rau
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Andrew J Carroll
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Nyla A Heerema
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner School of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Lesley Arland
- Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - William L Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Naomi J Winick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Mary V Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Meenakshi Devidas
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine, Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Department of Pediatrics and the Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Jalbut MM, Sohani AR, Cin PD, Hasserjian RP, Moran JA, Brunner AM, Fathi AT. Acute myeloid leukemia in a patient with constitutional 47,XXY karyotype. Leuk Res Rep 2015; 4:28-30. [PMID: 25973391 PMCID: PMC4421110 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Chennuri V, Kashyap R, Tamhankar P, Phadke S. Chronic myeloid leukemia in case of Klinefelter syndrome. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2014; 20:69-71. [PMID: 24959017 PMCID: PMC4065482 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.132760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a sex chromosome disorder and has been reported to be associated with increased risk for malignancies. We report a 22-year-old male patient who was diagnosed to have chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase. Bone marrow cytogenetic examination revealed karyotype 47, XXY, t (9; 22)(q34, q11) suggestive of KS with presence of Philadelphia chromosome. The patient was treated with oral imatinib mesylate (400 mg/day). Complete hematological response was achieved after 2 months of therapy. The bcr-abl/abl transcript percentage measured from peripheral blood at baseline, 1 and 2 years after imatinib were 97%, 1.99%, 0.007%, respectively. He remains in complete hematological and major molecular remission after 2 years of continued imatinib therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Chennuri
- Departments of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kashyap
- Departments of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parag Tamhankar
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subha Phadke
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Myelofibrosis in Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms is associated with aberrant karyotypes. Cancer Genet 2013; 206:116-23. [PMID: 23571153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph¯ MPN), non-specific chromosomal defects are detectable and essential thrombocythemia (ET) has the lowest rate of aberrations, whereas primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and post-polycythemia vera (PV) myelofibrosis have the highest rates of aberrations. The frequency of cytogenetic defects in pre-fibrotic stage PMF has not been characterized thus far and the underlying molecular defects of chromosomal instability are unknown. In this study, histopathological findings were correlated with cytogenetic data (n = 249). The expression of DNA repair factors ERCC1 and LIG4 were determined in Ph¯ MPN with and without cytogenetic aberrations. Pre-fibrotic PMF and ET have similarly low frequencies of karyotype anomalies. The expression of ERCC1, but not LIG4, is increased in fibrotic stage PMF but is not associated with accumulation of cytogenetic defects. In conclusion, aberrant karyotypes in Ph¯ MPN reflect the chromosomal instability in these diseases and, in comparison with pre-fibrotic stages, Ph¯ MPN with fibrosis has the highest frequency of cytogenetic aberrations.
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t(6;9)(p23;q34) presenting acute myeloid leukemia in a child with an unsuspected 45,X/46,X,derY [?t(Yp;Yq)] chromosomal constitution: yet another Y chromosome overdosage and malignancy association. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 34:e237-40. [PMID: 22278197 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e318238866f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Development of leukemia in patients with sexual chromosome abnormalities is relatively rare and mostly involves cases of monosomy X, Turner syndrome. Here, we report on a child having a 45,X/46,X,derY [?t(Yp;Yq)] chromosomal constitution (variant Turner syndrome) presenting with concordant acute myeloid leukemia and a rarely seen clonal neoplasic cell lineage-related karyotype, t(6;9)(p23;q34).
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13
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Syndrome de Klinefelter : qualité des gamètes et spermatogenèse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 39:525-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lim G, Kim SY, Cho SY, Lee HJ, Suh JT, Yoon HJ, Lee WI, Park TS. A novel case of acute myeloid leukemia with RUNX1/RUNX1T1 rearrangement in Klinefelter syndrome. Leuk Res 2010; 34:e259-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Olshanskaya YV, Udovichenko AI, Kolosova LY, Kokhno AV. Myelodysplastic syndrome with monosomy 7 in a patient with XY gonadal dysgenesis (incomplete testicular feminization). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 191:113-4. [PMID: 19446750 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Roberti MC, La Starza R, Surace C, Sirleto P, Pinto RM, Pierini V, Crescenzi B, Mecucci C, Angioni A. RABGAP1L gene rearrangement resulting from a der(Y)t(Y;1)(q12;q25) in acute myeloid leukemia arising in a child with Klinefelter syndrome. Virchows Arch 2009; 454:311-6. [PMID: 19184099 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-009-0732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the molecular cytogenetic characterization of an acute myeloid leukemia with a der(Y)t(Y;1)(q12;q25) in bone marrow cells in a child with Klinefelter syndrome. Conventional cytogenetics demonstrated the unbalanced translocation, i.e., a trisomic 1q25-qter juxtaposed to Yq12 replaced the terminal segment of chromosome Y was acquired and present only on bone marrow cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the breakpoint at 1q25 disrupted RABGAP1L, a strongly expressed gene in CFU-GEMM, erythroid cells, and megakaryocytes, while the Yq12 breakpoint fell within the heterochromatic region. As der(Y)t(Y;1)(q12;q25) was an isolated cytogenetic change, RABGAP1L rearrangement as well as gene(s) dosage effects correlated to 1q25-qter trisomy, and Yq12-qter loss may make a major contribution to leukemogenesis and/or disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Roberti
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
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Bellaaj H, Sandi HS, Kammoun H, Kallel C, Kassar O, Elloumi M. [Klinefelter syndrome and acute myeloblastic leukaemia]. Presse Med 2009; 38:1019-22. [PMID: 19167185 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2008.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Bellaaj
- Service d'hématologie, Hôpital Hédi Chaker, Sfax, TN-3029, Tunisie.
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Balci YI, Turul T, Daar G, Anak S, Devecioglu O, Tezcan I, Cetinkaya DU. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a donor with Klinefelter syndrome for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Pediatr Transplant 2008; 12:597-9. [PMID: 18331539 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2008.00908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
WAS is a rare X-linked recessive disorder characterized by primary progressive T cell immunodeficiency, impaired antipolysaccharide antibody response, thrombocytopenia with small platelet, and eczematoid dermatitis. Untreated patients with typical WAS have poor prognosis with the major causes of death being infection, bleeding, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancy. Due to the increased risk of infectious and hemorrhagic episodes the best results with HSCT are achieved in patients less than five yr of age and are recommended as early as possible. Here, we report a three-yr-old boy with WAS who underwent UCB and BMT from his genotypically identical brother with Klinefelter syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Isik Balci
- Pediatric Hematology-Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ihsan Dogramaci Childrens Hospital, Turkey.
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McGovern MM, Rhodes R. Ethics of using a bone marrow donor with Klinefelter syndrome. Pediatr Transplant 2008; 12:496-8. [PMID: 18537900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2008.00930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Huh J, Chung W. [Incidence and types of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities in patients with hematologic malignancies.]. Korean J Lab Med 2007; 26:64-9. [PMID: 18156702 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2006.26.1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to distinguish between the constitutional and acquired chromosomal abnormality in bone marrow of the patients with the hematologic malignancies, since the constitutional chromosomal abnormality will be continuously observed, even though in remission status of the disease. In this study, we investigated the incidence and types of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities in patients with the hematologic malignancies. METHODS This study included 396 patients with benign hematologic disorders and 634 with hematologic malignancies. The cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow aspirates were performed by direct or/and short term culture (24-48 hours). The constitutional chromosomal abnormality was confirmed by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated 72 hour culture with peripheral blood lymphocytes. RESULTS The incidence of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities was 2.8% in patients with benign hematologic disorders and 2.4% in patients with hematologic malignancies. Among the patients with constitutional chromosomal abnormalities and hematologic malignancies, 12 were males and 3 females. Eleven patients had an age greater than 20 years. One patient had trisomy 21, 1 reciprocal translocation, 1 robertsonian translocation, 3 sex chromosome aneuploidy and 9 inv(9). Two patients showed both constitutional and acquired chromosomal abnormalities on the same chromosome. The constitutional chromosomal abnormality was continuously observed in remission status of hematologic malignancies. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of the constitutional chromosomal abnormalities was low in patients with hematologic malignancies, but the chromosome study with peripheral blood or skin fibroblasts may be necessary for determining accurate cytogenetic response during follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwon Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ismail S, Qubbaj W, Kilani M, Hijazi M, Abdelnour A, Al-Khateeb MS, Awidi A. Successful bone marrow transplantation for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia from a donor with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome. Int J Hematol 2007; 86:287-8. [PMID: 17988999 DOI: 10.1532/ijh97.a20705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Successful bone marrow transplantation for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia from a donor with mosaic klinefelter syndrome. Int J Hematol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03006936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Garrè ML, Capra V, Di Battista E, Giampietri L, Nozza P, Raso A, Pezzolo A, Rossi A, Milanaccio C, Pavanello M, Naselli A. Genetic abnormalities and CNS tumors: report of two cases of ependymoma associated with Klinefelter's Syndrome (KS). Childs Nerv Syst 2007; 23:219-23. [PMID: 17058088 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-006-0179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTS Genetic syndromes associated with ependymoma are uncommon, with the exception of NF2. We describe two cases of ependymoma presenting with Klinefelter's Syndrome (KS) as co-morbid condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The first patient was diagnosed for KS during pregnancy; he also presented a thyroid agenesis and a deficit of methyltetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR); at 30 months of age he was operated on for a grade II ependymoma of IV ventricle; after a multiple-stage surgery, he underwent oral chemotherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy, but after 15 months he presented a local recurrence and died. The second patient was diagnosed for KS at the age of 16 months; at 10 years of age, due to back pain, he underwent an MRI, which showed a cauda equine tumor. He underwent surgery and radiotherapy. Histology was of mixopapillary ependymoma. CONCLUSION In a review of literature, various neoplasms have been described in association with KS. To our knowledge, these are the first two cases reported of ependymoma associated to KS. A retrospective study of 44 monoinstitutional ependymoma cases demonstrated association with genetic syndromes in 22%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Garrè
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
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Völkl TMK, Langer T, Aigner T, Greess H, Beck JD, Rauch AM, Dörr HG. Klinefelter syndrome and mediastinal germ cell tumors. Am J Med Genet A 2006; 140:471-81. [PMID: 16470792 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Precocious puberty is not a typical manifestation of patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS). However, there is an increased incidence of mediastinal germ cell tumors (M-GCT) in KS, whereas the discussion of a generally higher tumor risk in this condition is still controversial. A rare subgroup of KS patients consists of prepubertal children with precocious puberty due to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-producing M-GCTs. We present clinical data on a boy with KS and sexual precocity, and summarize the published data on 12 boys with KS out of 54 cases of KS and M-GCT. CLINICAL REPORT an 8.5-year-old boy presented with signs of precocious puberty. Laboratory analyses (suppressed gonadotropins, elevated testosterone) and thoracic CT demonstrated a beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and alpha(1)-feto protein (alpha-FP) secreting mediastinal tumor. Histological analysis showed a mixed germ cell tumor comprising choriocarcinoma (CH), embryonal carcinoma (EC), mature teratoma (MT), and yolk sac tumor (YS). He was successfully treated by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Epianalysis of published cases: all KS patients (n = 12), age 4-9 years, presented with precocious sexual development (PP), whereas the older ones showed thorax-associated symptoms, mainly chest pain, dyspnea, and cough. The histological distribution was also age-dependent with mixed germ cell tumors predominantly in younger patients. Thus, M-GCTs are strongly associated with precocious puberty in young boys with KS. Therefore, a karyotype analysis should be included in the clinical work-up of boys with precocious puberty and M-GCT. There is still no convincing explanation for the association of M-GCTs and KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M K Völkl
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Yang CY, Lin KC, Chou CW, Lin MB, Chen SY, Cheng HM. Klinefelter's syndrome with seizure, pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib and multiple endocrine dysfunctions. J Chin Med Assoc 2005; 68:585-90. [PMID: 16379343 DOI: 10.1016/s1726-4901(09)70098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Klinefelter's syndrome is rarely associated with hypocalcemia, especially pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type Ib. We describe a case of Klinefelter's syndrome associated with seizure, PHP type Ib and multiple endocrine dysfunctions. A 19-year-old Taiwanese male was admitted due to seizures with loss of consciousness. He had been diagnosed with Klinefelter's syndrome with seizure disorder and hypocalcemia 3 months previously. Physical examination revealed eunuchoidism but no osteodystrophy, while laboratory data revealed severe hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and elevated parathyroid hormone. Chromosomal study showed 47,XXY. Osteoporosis was found on chest and abdominal radiography. Dense calcification in the cerebrum and cerebellum was shown on brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Elevation of the patient's serum calcium level was noted after vitamin D and calcium carbonate supplements were given. Klinefelter's syndrome is rarely associated with PHP type Ib; our patient's hypocalcemia improved after long-term aggressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwen-Yi Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Chi-Mei Hospital, 901, Chung-Hwa Road, Yung-Kang City, Tainan 710, Taiwan, ROC.
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Swerdlow AJ, Schoemaker MJ, Higgins CD, Wright AF, Jacobs PA. Cancer incidence and mortality in men with Klinefelter syndrome: a cohort study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97:1204-10. [PMID: 16106025 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dji240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men with Klinefelter syndrome have one or more extra X chromosomes and have endocrine abnormalities. Case reports have led to suggestions that men with Klinefelter syndrome have elevated risks of several cancers, but published cohort studies have been relatively small. We conducted a nationwide cohort study to examine these risks. METHODS We followed a cohort of 3518 men who had been cytogenetically diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome in Britain from 1959 through 2002 and compared their cancer incidence and mortality with that of men in the national population. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all cancers was 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0 to 1.4). Compared with the general population, men with Klinefelter syndrome had higher mortality from lung cancer (SMR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.0), breast cancer (SMR = 57.8, 95% CI = 18.8 to 135.0), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SMR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.6 to 6.6) and lower mortality from prostate cancer (SMR = 0, 95% CI = 0 to 0.7). The standardized mortality ratios were particularly high for breast cancer among men with 47,XXY mosaicism (SMR = 222.8, 95% CI = 45.9 to 651.0) and for non-Hodgkin lymphoma among men with a 48,XXYY constitution (SMR = 36.7, 95% CI = 4.4 to 132.5). The cancer incidence data corroborated these associations. CONCLUSIONS These results support a hormonal etiology for breast cancer in men and for prostate cancer and suggest that men with Klinefelter syndrome may be at substantially elevated risks for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, breast cancer, and, perhaps, lung cancer.
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Shimizu Y, Suzukawa K, Hirano Y, Seki M, Hirayama K, Yoh K, Hirayama A, Yamagata K, Nagase S, Nagasawa T, Koyama A. Erythropoietin-resistant anaemia in a predialysis patient with Klinefelter syndrome. Case Report. Nephrology (Carlton) 2005; 10:147-50. [PMID: 15877674 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2005.00371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A diabetic predialysis patient who had significantly reduced sensitivity to erythropoietin therapy was admitted to Tsukuba University Hospital. Many factors that might have been the cause of the erythropoietin resistance were examined, and a diagnosis of refractory anaemia was made based on a bone marrow aspiration biopsy. A cytogenetic abnormality (47, XXY) was also detected in the bone marrow biopsy specimen, and hence the patient was also diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. It was suspected that the sex chromosome abnormality influenced glucose intolerance, renal insufficiency, and erythropoietin resistance due to myelodysplastic changes in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Shimizu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Sakuragi S, Mitani N, Matsuda K, Shinohara K. Association of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, in Klinefelter syndrome, that responded to cyclosporine administration. Am J Hematol 2005; 78:316. [PMID: 15795912 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Vlachaki E, Katzos G, Koussi A, Tsatra I, Perifanis V, Athanasiou M. A patient with Klinefelter's syndrome and thalassemia intermedia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2005; 18:413-5. [PMID: 15844476 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2005.18.4.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical features, such as tall stature, eunuchoid proportions, testes disproportionately small for the level of pubertal development, gynecomastia and behavioral problems. The association of KS with thalassemia intermedia has not been previously reported. A male patient with thalassemia intermedia was diagnosed with KS at the age of 14 years when endocrine evaluation for delayed puberty showed hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. Thyroid function was normal; however, basal and GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin concentrations were raised while serum testosterone was low. Karyotype analysis revealed KS (47,XXY). Testosterone replacement therapy started soon after diagnosis and now at the age of 20 years the patient's height is 178.3 cm, the U/L ratio is 0.91. Testicular volume is 12 ml (Prader orchidometer) and his pubic hair is stage 4. To our knowledge this is the first case of a patient suffering from KS and thalassemia intermedia reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vlachaki
- 1st Pediatric Clinic of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece
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Roman E, Simpson J, Ansell P, Lightfoot T, Mitchell C, Eden TOB. Perinatal and reproductive factors: a report on haematological malignancies from the UKCCS. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:749-59. [PMID: 15763652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Revised: 10/18/2004] [Accepted: 11/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study was designed to examine the potential aetiological role of a range of perinatal and reproductive factors. Our use of clinical records permitted a more exact characterisation of reproductive events than is possible in investigations that rely on self-reporting; and the increased specificity with which antecedent events were measured produced more precise risk estimates, albeit ones based on progressively smaller numbers. Information on the conduct of this component of the study and results for 1485 children with haematological malignancies and 4864 controls are presented. The 'find' rate for obstetric records was high at 86% for cases, with 81% having information on both matched controls. Associations were seen for severe hyperemesis (Odds Ratio=3.6, 95%Confidence Interval=1.3-10.1, for all leukaemias), polyhydramnios (OR=4.0, 95%CI=1.5-10.3, for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)), anaemia (haemoglobin <10 g, OR=2.6, 95%CI=1.7-4.1, for AML), and pre-eclampsia (OR=1.7, 95%CI=1.1-2.7, for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). Babies who developed leukaemia were heavier at birth (>4000 g, OR=1.2, 95%CI=1.0-1.4), as were their older siblings (>4000 g, OR=1.4, 95%1.0-1.9). Mothers' whose children developed common B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were more likely to have had a previous molar pregnancy (OR=5.2, 95%CI=1.9-14.7). Gender-specific analysis revealed that findings often differed markedly for boys and girls; and, in common with other reports, strong associations with Down's syndrome were seen for both ALL and AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Roman
- Leukaemia Research Fund Epidemiology and Genetics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Bakshi SR, Trivedi PJ, Brahmbhatt MM, Rawal SM, Kakadia PM, Bhatt SS, Shukla SN. Aplastic anemia and Klinefelter syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 154:91-2. [PMID: 15381382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Machatschek JN, Schrauder A, Helm F, Schrappe M, Claviez A. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Klinefelter syndrome in children: two cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2004; 21:621-6. [PMID: 15626018 DOI: 10.1080/08880010490501024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of mediastinal germ cell tumor and breast cancer have been repeatedly reported in men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) but this association is debated controversially for patients with hematologic malignancies. The authors describe 2 tall adolescents in whom diagnostic workup for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) revealed 47,XXY and 47,XXY/48,XXXYkaryotype, respectively. Among 4195 registered male patients in the ALL-BFM study group since 1983, no further patients with ALL and KS were identified. Given the lack of epidemiological data, this retrospective analysis illustrates the association of previously described cases of hematologic malignancies with KS. In contrast to other chromosomal aberrations, the incidence of ALL does not seem to be increased in pediatric patients with KS.
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Abstract
Klinefelter's syndrome is the most common genetic cause of human male infertility, but many cases remain undiagnosed because of substantial variation in clinical presentation and insufficient professional awareness of the syndrome itself. Early recognition and hormonal treatment of the disorder can substantially improve quality of life and prevent serious consequences. Testosterone replacement corrects symptoms of androgen deficiency but has no positive effect on infertility. However, nowadays patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, including the non-mosaic type, need no longer be considered irrevocably infertile, because intracytoplasmic sperm injection offers an opportunity for procreation even when there are no spermatozoa in the ejaculate. In a substantial number of azoospermic patients, spermatozoa can be extracted from testicular biopsy samples, and pregnancies and livebirths have been achieved. The frequency of sex chromosomal hyperploidy and autosomal aneuploidies is higher in spermatozoa from patients with Klinefelter's syndrome than in those from normal men. Thus, chromosomal errors might in some cases be transmitted to the offspring of men with this syndrome. The genetic implications of the fertilisation procedures, including pretransfer or prenatal genetic assessment, must be explained to patients and their partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lanfranco
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University of Münster, Domagkstrasse 11, D-48129 Münster, Germany
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Welborn J. Constitutional chromosome aberrations as pathogenetic events in hematologic malignancies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 149:137-53. [PMID: 15036890 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(03)00301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2003] [Accepted: 07/11/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A predisposition to tumor development is associated with some constitutional chromosomal abnormalities. Investigations of families with an apparent hereditary cancer and constitutional chromosome rearrangements have led to the molecular identification of tumor suppressor genes. Under the somatic mutation theory for the development of cancer, two mutational events are required. The first step may be a constitutional event and the second an acquired genetic mutation. Cytogenetic studies were performed on 5633 bone marrow specimens from patients with hematologic malignancies from a single institution. Fifty cases of constitutional chromosome aberrations were detected. Data collected from the literature and from our series are reviewed and compared with the incidence of specific constitutional chromosome aberrations in the newborn population. Possible mechanisms that may predispose individuals with constitutional chromosome aberrations to the development of a hematologic malignancy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanna Welborn
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pathology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, UCDMC Cancer Center, Room 3017, 4501 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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