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Kim Y, Kim B, Seong MW, Lee DS, Hong KT, Kang HJ, Yun J, Chang YH. Cryptic KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion detected by next-generation sequencing in a case of pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Cancer Genet 2023; 276-277:36-39. [PMID: 37478796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
KMT2A (11q23.3) gene rearrangements are found in acute leukemia and are associated with a poor or intermediate prognosis. MLLT10 is the fourth most common gene fusion partner for KMT2A. A reciprocal translocation t(10;11) is insufficient to produce an in-frame KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion, because the genes involved in the rearrangement have opposite transcriptional orientations. In order to bring KMT2A and MLLT10 into juxtaposition, complex rearrangements are required. Until now, conventional chromosome, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies have been used to detect KMT2A/MLLT10 fusions. However, conventional studies have limitations, such as poor and inconsistent resolution, when compared to next-generation sequencing (NGS). In this study, we report a pediatric patient with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, in whom the cryptic KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion was not detected by KMT2A break-apart probe FISH and chromosome analysis, but detected by NGS. In this patient, NGS showed cryptic insertion of MLLT10 exons 9-24 into intron 9 of KMT2A, resulting in a KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion. Therefore, NGS is a valuable complementary option for the evaluation of structural aberrations, especially those with a cryptic size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseul Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Taek Hong
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Jin Kang
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Hwan Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Yamamoto K, Matsumoto H, Matsumoto S, Sakai R, Kitao A, Watanabe M, Goto H, Sugimoto T, Yano Y, Yakushijin K, Minami H. Unexpected appearance of KMT2A::MLLT10 fusion transcript in acute myeloid leukemia with t(5;11)(q31;q23.3). Cancer Genet 2023; 272-273:41-46. [PMID: 36774707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As an uncommon but nonrandom translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) t(5;11)(q31;q23) results in fusion between KMT2A at 11q23 and ARHGAP26 at 5q31. The 5q31 region has another KMT2A partner, AFF4, which was identified in acute lymphoblastic leukemia harboring ins(5;11)(q31;q13q23). We report here a 65-year-old woman with AML M5b. G-banding and spectral karyotyping demonstrated 46,XX,t(5;11)(q31;q23.3). Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed not only separated 5' and 3' KMT2A signals but a faint 5' KMT2A signal. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using a KMT2A sense primer and ARHGAP26 antisense primer, detected no band whereas RT-PCR with a AFF4 antisense primer revealed an amplified band. However, sequence analysis unexpectedly disclosed that KMT2A exon 6 was connected with MLLT10 exons 15 to 18. This may be due to cross-hybridization between MLLT10 exon 18 and AFF4 antisense primer derived from AFF4 exon 10 since both exons had eight identical bases (AAGCAGCT). The MLLT10 gene is located at 10p12.31; a faint 5' KMT2A signal was probably present at this locus. These findings indicate that in AML the 5' KMT2A fragment containing exons 1 to 6 may be cryptically inserted into MLLT10 intron 14 when a reciprocal translocation t(5;11)(q31;q23.3) involving KMT2A occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Yamamoto
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Hisayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sakuya Matsumoto
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rina Sakai
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihito Kitao
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Marika Watanabe
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideaki Goto
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kita-Harima Medical Center, Ono, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugimoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kita-Harima Medical Center, Ono, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Yakushijin
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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3
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Deutsch JL, Heath JL. MLLT10 in benign and malignant hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2020; 87:1-12. [PMID: 32569758 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-random chromosomal translocations involving the putative transcription factor Mixed Lineage Leukemia Translocated to 10 (MLLT10, also known as AF10) are commonly observed in both acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias and are indicative of a poor prognosis. Despite the well-described actions of oncogenic MLLT10 fusion proteins, the role of wild-type MLLT10 in hematopoiesis is not well characterized. The protein structure and several interacting partners have been described and provide indications as to the potential functions of MLLT10. This review examines these aspects of MLLT10, contextualizing its function in benign and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Deutsch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Jessica L Heath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT.
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4
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Peterson JF, Sukov WR, Pitel BA, Smoley SA, Pearce KE, Meyer RG, Williamson CM, Smadbeck JB, Vasmatzis G, Hoppman NL, Greipp PT, Baughn LB, Ketterling RP. Acute leukemias harboring KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion: a 10-year experience from a single genomics laboratory. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:567-577. [PMID: 30707474 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The MLLT10 (formerly AF10) gene is the fourth most common KMT2A fusion partner across all acute leukemias and requires at least 3 breaks to form an in-frame KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion due to the opposite orientation of each gene. A 10-year retrospective review was performed to identify individuals from all age groups that harbor KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion obtained by our KMT2A/MLLT10 dual-color dual-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (D-FISH) assay. Of the 60 unique individuals identified, 31 were male and 29 were female (M:F ratio, 1.1:1) with ages ranging from 3 days to 86 years (mean 21.5 years, median 5.5 years). The diagnoses included acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (49 patients, 82%), B- or T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (7 patients, 12%), myeloid sarcoma (3 patients, 5%), and a single case (2%) of undifferentiated leukemia. Twenty-seven of 49 patients (55%) with AML were in the infant or pediatric age group. Fifty-three of 60 patients (88%) had KMT2A/MLLT10 D-FISH signal patterns mostly consisting of single fusions. In addition, 10 (26%) of 38 patients with conventional chromosome studies had "normal" (5 patients) or abnormal (5 patients) chromosome studies that lacked structural or numeric abnormalities involving chromosomes 10 or 11, implying cryptic cytogenetic mechanisms for KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion. Lastly, mate-pair sequencing was performed on 4 AML cases, 2 of which had "normal" chromosome studies and cryptic KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion as detected by KMT2A/MLLT10 D-FISH studies, and verified the multiple breaks required to generate KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess F Peterson
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William R Sukov
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Beth A Pitel
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephanie A Smoley
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kathryn E Pearce
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Reid G Meyer
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cynthia M Williamson
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - James B Smadbeck
- Center for Individualized Medicine-Biomarker Discovery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Center for Individualized Medicine-Biomarker Discovery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nicole L Hoppman
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patricia T Greipp
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Linda B Baughn
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rhett P Ketterling
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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5
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A new rearrangement giving rise to a very rare MLL-MLLT10 fusion mRNA in an infant acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Genet 2014; 208:101-2. [PMID: 25475940 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Yamamoto K, Yakushijin K, Okamura A, Ueda S, Nakamachi Y, Kawano S, Matsuoka H, Minami H. Hyperdiploidy and duplication of der(11)ins(10;11)(p12;q23q14) in acute myeloid leukemia with MLL/MLLT10fusion gene. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 54:2055-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.762094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Grimwade D, Mrózek K. Diagnostic and prognostic value of cytogenetics in acute myeloid leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2012; 25:1135-61, vii. [PMID: 22093581 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The last 4 decades have seen major advances in understanding the genetic basis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and substantial improvements in survival of children and young adults with the disease. A key step forward was the discovery that AML cells harbor recurring cytogenetic abnormalities. The identification of the genes involved in chromosomal rearrangements has provided insights into the regulation of normal hematopoiesis and how disruption of key transcription factors and epigenetic modulators promote leukemic transformation. Cytogenetics has been widely adopted to provide the framework for development of risk-stratified treatment approaches to patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grimwade
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, 8th Floor, Guy's Tower, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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8
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A rare cryptic and complex rearrangement leading to MLL-MLLT10 gene fusion masked by del(10)(p12) in a child with acute monoblastic leukemia (AML-M5). Leuk Res 2012; 36:e74-7. [PMID: 22261229 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Fine structure of translocation breakpoints within the major breakpoint region in BCR-ABL1-positive leukemias. DNA Repair (Amst) 2011; 10:1131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Šárová I, Březinová J, Zemanová Z, Izáková S, Lizcová L, Malinová E, Berková A, Čermák J, Maaloufová J, Nováková L, Michalová K. Cytogenetic manifestation of chromosome 11 duplication/amplification in acute myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 199:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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De Braekeleer E, Meyer C, Douet-Guilbert N, Morel F, Le Bris MJ, Berthou C, Arnaud B, Marschalek R, Férec C, De Braekeleer M. Complex and cryptic chromosomal rearrangements involving the MLL gene in acute leukemia: A study of 7 patients and review of the literature. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2010; 44:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Sárová I, Brezinová J, Zemanová Z, Lizcová L, Berková A, Izáková S, Malinová E, Fuchs O, Kostecka A, Provazníková D, Filkuková J, Maaloufová J, Starý J, Michalová K. A partial nontandem duplication of the MLL gene in four patients with acute myeloid leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 195:150-6. [PMID: 19963115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Unusual MLL gene rearrangements were found in bone marrow cells of four patients with acute myeloid leukemia. A combination of conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods were used to describe translocations t(9;12;11)(p22;p13;q23), t(11;19)(q23;p13.3), and t(10;11)(p12;23) and inverted insertion ins(10;11)(p12;q23.3q23.1). Partial nontandem duplication of the MLL gene was identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in all cases. The duplication, which included MLL exons 2 through 8-9, was interrupted by a cryptic insertion of one or two exons from the respective MLL partner gene: MLLT10, MLLT3, or MLLT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Sárová
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 128 20 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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13
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Stasevich I, Utskevich R, Kustanovich A, Litvinko N, Savitskaya T, Chernyavskaya S, Saharova O, Aleinikova O. Translocation (10;11)(p12;q23) in childhood acute myeloid leukemia: incidence and complex mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 169:114-20. [PMID: 16938568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using both conventional and molecular cytogenetic methods, we found five new cases of t(10;11)(p12;q23). This translocation represented 28% of all cases of childhood AML treated at our center in 2004, and 63% of AML with rearrangements of 11q23. We describe three mechanisms for the translocation. Different fragments of 11q were involved in four of the five cases. One patient showed a cytogenetically cryptic insertion of 5' part of MLL into the 3' part of MLLT10 in 10p12. The median event-free survival of patients was 8.1 months, and we conclude that the t(10;11)(p12;q23) is associated with unfavorable prognosis in childhood acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Stasevich
- Research Center for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, 223040, Minsk Region, p. Lesnoi, Belarus.
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14
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Pole JCM, Courtay-Cahen C, Garcia MJ, Blood KA, Cooke SL, Alsop AE, Tse DML, Caldas C, Edwards PAW. High-resolution analysis of chromosome rearrangements on 8p in breast, colon and pancreatic cancer reveals a complex pattern of loss, gain and translocation. Oncogene 2006; 25:5693-706. [PMID: 16636668 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The short arm of chromosome 8, 8p, is often rearranged in carcinomas, typically showing distal loss by unbalanced translocation. We analysed 8p rearrangements in 48 breast, pancreatic and colon cancer cell lines by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and array comparative genomic hybridization, with a tiling path of 0.2 Mb resolution over 8p12 and 1 Mb resolution over chromosome 8. Selected breast lines (MDA-MB-134, MDA-MB-175, MDA-MB-361, T-47D and ZR-75-1) were analysed further. Most cell lines showed loss of 8p distal to a break that was between 31 Mb (5' to NRG1) and the centromere, but the translocations were accompanied by variable amplifications, deletions and inversions proximal to this break. The 8p12 translocation in T-47D was flanked by an inversion of 4 Mb, with a 100 kb deletion at the proximal end. The dicentric t(8;11) in ZR-75-1 carries multiple rearrangements including interstitial deletions, a triplicated translocation junction between NRG1 and a fragment of 11q (unconnected to CCND1), and two separate amplifications, of FGFR1 and CCND1 . We conclude that if there is a tumour suppressor gene on 8p it may be near 31 Mb, for example WRN; but the complexity of 8p rearrangements suggests that they target various genes proximal to 31 Mb including NRG1 and the amplicon centred around ZNF703/FLJ14299.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C M Pole
- Cancer Genomics Program, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Dik WA, Brahim W, Braun C, Asnafi V, Dastugue N, Bernard OA, van Dongen JJM, Langerak AW, Macintyre EA, Delabesse E. CALM-AF10+ T-ALL expression profiles are characterized by overexpression of HOXA and BMI1 oncogenes. Leukemia 2005; 19:1948-57. [PMID: 16107895 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The t(10;11)(p13;q14-21) is found in T-ALL and acute myeloid leukemia and fuses CALM (Clathrin-Assembly protein-like Lymphoid-Myeloid leukaemia gene) to AF10. In order to gain insight into the transcriptional consequences of this fusion, microarray-based comparison of CALM-AF10+ vs CALM-AF10- T-ALL was performed. This analysis showed upregulation of HOXA5, HOXA9, HOXA10 and BMI1 in the CALM-AF10+ cases. Microarray results were validated by quantitative RT-PCR on an independent group of T-ALL and compared to mixed lineage leukemia-translocated acute leukemias (MLL-t AL). The overexpression of HOXA genes was associated with overexpression of its cofactor MEIS1 in CALM-AF10+ T-ALL, reaching levels of expression similar to those observed in MLL-t AL. Consequently, CALM-AF10+ T-ALL and MLL-t AL share a specific HOXA overexpression, indicating they activate common oncogenic pathways. In addition, BMI1, located close to AF10 breakpoint, was overexpressed only in CALM-AF10+ T-ALL and not in MLL-t AL. BMI1 controls cellular proliferation through suppression of the tumor suppressors encoded by the CDKN2A locus. This locus, often deleted in T-ALL, was conserved in CALM-AF10+ T-ALL. This suggests that decreased CDKN2A activity, as a result of BMI1 overexpression, contributes to leukemogenesis in CALM-AF10+ T-ALL. We propose to define a HOXA+ leukemia group composed of at least MLL-t, CALM-AF10 and HOXA-t AL, which may benefit from adapted management.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Dik
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Jarosova M, Takacova S, Holzerova M, Priwitzerova M, Divoka M, Lakoma I, Mihal V, Indrak K, Divoky V. Cryptic MLL-AF10 fusion caused by insertion of duplicated 5′ part of MLL into 10p12 in acute leukemia: a case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 162:179-82. [PMID: 16213369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations involving the mixed lineage leukemia gene (MLL) located at 11q23 belong to common chromosomal abnormalities in both acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemias (AML). It has been suggested that the mechanism of MLL leukemogenesis might be a result of a gain-of-function effect of the MLL fusion gene and simultaneous loss of function of one of the MLL alleles (haploinsufficiency). One of the recurrent translocations in AML-M5 involves chromosomal locus 10p12 and results in the MLL-AF10 fusion gene. Several mechanisms leading to MLL-AF10 fusion have been reported, and they have involved rearrangement of the 11q23 region. We present a detailed structural analysis of an AML case with an extra copy of the 5' part of MLL region and its insertion into the short arm of chromosome 10, resulting in an MLL-AF10 fusion without rearrangement of the MLL alleles on both chromosomes 11. Our observation supports a role for a simple MLL gain-of-function in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jarosova
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Palacky University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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17
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Christiansen L, Allen RA, Dunn ST, Wolff DJ. A case of infantile acute myelogenous leukemia with MLL-MLL10 fusion caused by insertion of 11q into 10p. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 159:181-3. [PMID: 15899395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Klaus M, Haferlach T, Schnittger S, Kern W, Hiddemann W, Schoch C. Cytogenetic profile in de novo acute myeloid leukemia with FAB subtypes M0, M1, and M2: a study based on 652 cases analyzed with morphology, cytogenetics, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 155:47-56. [PMID: 15527902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2004.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2004] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In about 55% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, chromosome aberrations are detectable by cytogenetics. Close correlations between cytomorphology and cytogenetics have been reported. To determine a pattern of cytogenetic abnormalities within the French-American-British (FAB) subtypes AML M0, M1, and M2, we analyzed 48 AML M0, 179 AML M1, and 425 AML M2 and compared cytogenetic data to a cohort of 1,062 AML M3/3v, M4, M4eo, M5a/5b, M6, and M7. Cytogenetic abnormalities were significantly more frequent in AML M0 (71%) compared to M1 (49%), M2 (53%), and the total cohort (56%; P < 0.02). While +8 was the most common numeric abnormality in all FAB subtypes, +13, +14, and +11 were associated with AML M0-M2. The only recurring balanced translocation that was associated with one of these FAB subtypes was t(8;21) in M2 (12.5%) and, rarely, M1 (1.7%) (M0, 0% and M3-7, 0.09%; P=0.001). To evaluate the frequency of cytogenetically undetectable abnormalities, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses in 273 AML M0-M2 with normal karyotype using probes for ETO, ABL, MLL, TEL, RB, P53, AML1, and BCR. In two cases we identified numerical aberrations of RB only in interphases nuclei. In seven additional cases, TEL and MLL abnormalities were found. In conclusion, t(8;21), +11, +13, and +14 are strongly associated with AML M0, M1, and M2. The FISH screening analyses identified abnormalities in an additional 3% in normal karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Klaus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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Morerio C, Rapella A, Rosanda C, Lanino E, Lo Nigro L, Di Cataldo A, Maserati E, Pasquali F, Panarello C. MLL-MLLT10 fusion in acute monoblastic leukemia: variant complex rearrangements and 11q proximal breakpoint heterogeneity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 152:108-12. [PMID: 15262427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2003] [Revised: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies of acute monoblastic leukemia cases presenting MLL-MLLT10 (alias MLL-AF10) fusion show a broad heterogeneity of chromosomal breakpoints. We present two new pediatric cases (French-American-British type M5) with MLL-MLLT10 fusion, which we studied with fluorescence in situ hybridization. In both we detected a paracentric inversion of the 11q region that translocated onto chromosome 10p12; one case displayed a variant complex pattern. We review the cytogenetic molecular data concerning the proximal inversion breakpoint of 11q and confirm its heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morerio
- Dipartimento di Ematologia ed Oncologia Pediatrica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, L.go G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
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