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Cipolli M, Tridello G, Micheletto A, Perobelli S, Pintani E, Cesaro S, Maserati E, Nicolis E, Danesino C. Normative growth charts for Shwachman-Diamond syndrome from Italian cohort of 0-8 years old. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e022617. [PMID: 30782681 PMCID: PMC6340480 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Its predominant manifestations include exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bone marrow failure and skeletal abnormalities. Patients frequently present failure to thrive and susceptibility to short stature. Average birth weight is at the 25th percentile; by the first birthday, >50% of patients drop below the third percentile for height and weight.The study aims at estimating the growth charts for patients affected by SDS in order to give a reference tool helpful for medical care and growth surveillance through the first 8 years of patient's life. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective observational study includes 106 patients (64 M) with available information from birth to 8 years, selected among the 122 patients included in the Italian National Registry of SDS and born between 1975 and 2016. Gender, birth date and auxological parameters at repeated assessment times were collected. The General Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape method was applied to build the growth charts. A set of different distributions was used, and the more appropriate were selected in accordance with the smallest Akaike information criterion. RESULTS A total of 408 measurements was collected and analysed. The median number of observations per patient amounted to 3, range 1-11. In accordance with the methods described, specific SDS growth charts were built for weight, height and body mass index (BMI), separately for boys and girls.The 50th and 3rd percentiles of weight and height of the healthy population (WHO standard references) respectively correspond to the 97th and 50th percentiles of the SDS population (SDS specific growth charts), while the difference is less evident for the BMI. CONCLUSIONS Specific SDS growth charts obtained through our analysis enable a more appropriate classification of patients based on auxological parameters, representing a useful reference tool for evaluating their growth during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cipolli
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
- Cystic Fibrosis Regional Centre, Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gloria Tridello
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessio Micheletto
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Sandra Perobelli
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Emily Pintani
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maserati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Nicolis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cesare Danesino
- Department of Human Pathology and Genetics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Valli R, Minelli A, Galbiati M, D'Amico G, Frattini A, Montalbano G, Khan AW, Porta G, Millefanti G, Olivieri C, Cipolli M, Cesaro S, Pasquali F, Danesino C, Cazzaniga G, Maserati E. Shwachman-Diamond syndrome with clonal interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 20 in bone marrow: haematological features, prognosis and genomic instability. Br J Haematol 2018; 184:974-981. [PMID: 30585299 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), deletion of the long arm of chromosome 20, del(20)(q), often acquired in bone marrow (BM), may imply a lower risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukaemia (MDS/AML), due to the loss of the EIF6 gene. The genes L3MBTL1 and SGK2, also on chromosome 20, are in a cluster of imprinted genes, and their loss implies dysregulation of BM function. We report here the results of array comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) performed on BM DNA of six patients which confirmed the consistent loss of EIF6 gene. Interestingly, array single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed copy neutral loss of heterozygosity for EIF6 region in cases without del(20)(q). No preferential parental origin of the deleted chromosome 20 was detected by microsatellite analysis in six SDS patients. Our patients showed a very mild haematological condition, and none evolved into BM aplasia or MDS/AML. We extend the benign prognostic significance of del(20)(q) and loss of EIF6 to the haematological features of these patients, consistently characterized by mild hypoplastic BM, no or mild neutropenia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Some odd results obtained in microsatellite and SNP-array analysis demonstrate a peculiar genomic instability, in an attempt to improve BM function through the acquisition of the del(20)(q).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Valli
- Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonella Minelli
- Genetica Medica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Galbiati
- Immunology and Cell Therapy, Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Paediatric Clinic, University of Milan Bicocca/MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Immunology and Cell Therapy, Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Paediatric Clinic, University of Milan Bicocca/MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Frattini
- Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalbano
- Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Abdul W Khan
- Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giorgia Millefanti
- Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Carla Olivieri
- Genetica Medica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Cipolli
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Pasquali
- Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cesare Danesino
- Genetica Medica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianni Cazzaniga
- Immunology and Cell Therapy, Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Paediatric Clinic, University of Milan Bicocca/MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maserati
- Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Morini J, Nacci L, Babini G, Cesaro S, Valli R, Ottolenghi A, Nicolis E, Pintani E, Maserati E, Cipolli M, Danesino C, Scotti C, Minelli A. Whole exome sequencing discloses heterozygous variants in the DNAJC21 and EFL1 genes but not in SRP54 in 6 out of 16 patients with Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome carrying biallelic SBDS mutations. Br J Haematol 2018; 185:627-630. [PMID: 30198570 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Morini
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Nacci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Simone Cesaro
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Valli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Elena Nicolis
- Laboratory of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emily Pintani
- Laboratory of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maserati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cipolli
- Cystic Fibrosis Regional Centre Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cesare Danesino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Scotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Rainero A, Angaroni F, D'Avila F, Conti A, Pirrone C, Micheloni G, Tararà L, Millefanti G, Maserati E, Valli R, Spinelli O, Buklijas K, Michelato A, Casalone R, Barlassina C, Barcella M, Sirchia S, Piscitelli E, Caccia M, Porta G. gDNA qPCR is statistically more reliable than mRNA analysis in detecting leukemic cells to monitor CML. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:349. [PMID: 29500381 PMCID: PMC5834620 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a stem cell cancer that arises when t(9;22) translocation occurs in a hematopoietic stem cells. This event results in the expression of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, which codes for a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that is responsible for the transformation of a HSC into a CML stem cell, which then gives rise to a clonal myeloproliferative disease. The introduction of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized the management of the disease. However, these drugs do not seem to be able to eradicate the malignancy. Indeed, discontinuation trials (STIM; TWISER; DADI) for those patients who achieved a profound molecular response showed 50% relapsing within 12 months. We performed a comparative analysis on 15 CML patients and one B-ALL patient, between the standard quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) and our genomic DNA patient-specific quantitative PCR assay (gDNA qPCR). Here we demonstrate that gDNA qPCR is better than standard qRT-PCR in disease monitoring after an average follow-up period of 200 days. Specifically, we statistically demonstrated that DNA negativity is more reliable than RNA negativity in indicating when TKIs therapy can be safely stopped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Rainero
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Angaroni
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
- IFN (National Institute of Nuclear Physics), Como, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Avila
- Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Conti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cristina Pirrone
- Department of Biology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Micheloni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Lucia Tararà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giorgia Millefanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maserati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Roberto Valli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Orietta Spinelli
- Department of Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ksenija Buklijas
- Department of Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Anna Michelato
- Department of Hematology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rosario Casalone
- Department of Genetics and Cytogenetics, ASST Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Barcella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Sirchia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Caccia
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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5
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Valli R, Vinti L, Frattini A, Fabbri M, Montalbano G, Olivieri C, Minelli A, Locatelli F, Pasquali F, Maserati E. Bone marrow failure may be caused by chromosome anomalies exerting effects on RUNX1T1 gene. Mol Cytogenet 2018; 11:2. [PMID: 29344089 PMCID: PMC5765665 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of the cases of bone marrow failure syndromes/aplastic anaemias (BMFS/AA) are non-hereditary and considered idiopathic (80–85%). The peripheral blood picture is variable, with anaemia, neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia, and the patients with idiopathic BMFS/AA may have a risk of transformation into a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and/or an acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), as ascertained for all inherited BMFS. We already reported four patients with different forms of BMFS/AA with chromosome anomalies as primary etiologic event: the chromosome changes exerted an effect on specific genes, namely RUNX1, MPL, and FLI1, leading to the disease. Results We report two further patients with non-hereditary BM failure, with diagnosis of severe aplastic anaemia and pancytopenia caused by two different constitutional structural anomalies involving chromosome 8, and possibly leading to the disorder due to effects on the RUNX1T1 gene, which was hypo-expressed and hyper-expressed, respectively, in the two patients. The chromosome change was unbalanced in one patient, and balanced in the other one. Conclusions We analyzed the sequence of events in the pathogenesis of the disease in the two patients, including a number of non-haematological signs present in the one with the unbalanced anomaly. We demonstrated that in these two patients the primary event causing BMFS/AA was the constitutional chromosome anomaly. If we take into account the cohort of 219 patients with a similar diagnosis in whom we made cytogenetic studies in the years 2003–2017, we conclude that cytogenetic investigations were instrumental to reach a diagnosis in 52 of them. We postulate that a chromosome change is the primary cause of BMFS/AA in a not negligible proportion of cases, as it was ascertained in 6 of these patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13039-017-0352-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Valli
- 1Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - L Vinti
- 2Dipartimento di Onco-Ematologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Frattini
- 1Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy.,3Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - M Fabbri
- 1Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy.,4Unit of Haematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - G Montalbano
- 1Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - C Olivieri
- 5Genetica Medica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Minelli
- 5Genetica Medica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Locatelli
- 2Dipartimento di Onco-Ematologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Pasquali
- 1Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - E Maserati
- 1Genetica Umana e Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Valli R, De Paoli E, Nacci L, Frattini A, Pasquali F, Maserati E. Novel recurrent chromosome anomalies in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 28130858 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two chromosome anomalies are frequent in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS): an isochromosome of the long arm of chromosome 7, i(7)(q10), and an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 20, del(20)(q). These anomalies are associated with a lower risk of developing myelodysplasia (MDS) and/or acute myeloid leukemia. The chromosome anomalies may be due to an SDS-specific karyotype instability, reflected also by anomalies that are not clonal, but found in single cells in the BM or in peripheral blood (PB). PROCEDURE Starting in 1999, we have monitored the cytogenetic picture of a cohort of 91 Italian patients with SDS by all suitable cytogenetic and molecular methods. RESULTS Here, we report clonal chromosome anomalies that are different from the aforementioned, as well as changes found in single cells in BM/PB of the same patients. CONCLUSIONS Some of the newly recognized clonal anomalies in BM reported here are recurrent, especially unbalanced structural anomalies of chromosome 7, a further complex rearrangement of the del(20)(q) with duplicated and deleted portions, and an unbalanced translocation t(3;6), with partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 3 and partial monosomy of the long arm of chromosome 6. Firm conclusions on the possible prognostic relevance of these anomalies would require further study with larger patient cohorts, but our data are sufficient to suggest that these patients necessitate more frequent cytogenetic monitoring. The results on anomalies found in single cells confirm the presence of an SDS-specific karyotype instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Valli
- Human and Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elena De Paoli
- Human and Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Lucia Nacci
- Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Frattini
- Human and Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,IRGB, National Council of Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Pasquali
- Human and Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maserati
- Human and Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Nacci L, Valli R, Maria Pinto R, Zecca M, Cipolli M, Morini J, Cesaro S, Boveri E, Rosti V, Corti P, Ambroni M, Pasquali F, Danesino C, Maserati E, Minelli A. Parental origin of the deletion del(20q) in Shwachman-Diamond patients and loss of the paternally derived allele of the imprintedL3MBTL1gene. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 56:51-58. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Nacci
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - Roberto Valli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Insubria; Varese Italy
| | - Rita Maria Pinto
- Ospedale Bambino Gesù IRCCS; Oncoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale; Roma Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - Marco Cipolli
- Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria; Verona Italy
| | | | - Simone Cesaro
- Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata; Verona Italy
| | - Emanuela Boveri
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico; Anatomic Pathology Section; San Matteo, Pavia Italy
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area; Pavia Italy
| | - Paola Corti
- Pediatrics Unit, Fondazione Medico e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma; Monza Italy
| | - Maura Ambroni
- Cystic Fibrosis Regional Center, Ospedale M. Bufalini; Cesena Italy
| | - Francesco Pasquali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Insubria; Varese Italy
| | - Cesare Danesino
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - Emanuela Maserati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Insubria; Varese Italy
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Valli R, De Bernardi F, Frattini A, Volpi L, Bignami M, Facchetti F, Pasquali F, Castelnuovo P, Maserati E. Comparative genomic hybridization on microarray (a-CGH) in olfactory neuroblastoma: Analysis of ten cases and review of the literature. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:771-5. [PMID: 26355525 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare tumor arising from the basal layer of the olfactory epithelium in the superior recesses of the nasal cavity. The rarity of this tumor, and the difficulties in culturing tumor cells has limited the generation of conventional cytogenetic data, whereas consistent results have been obtained by recent molecular methods. We report the results of an array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis (a-CGH) obtained on 11 samples from 10 subjects: 8 primary and 3 relapsed tumors. In one patient, both the primary and relapsed tumors were available. Our results on chromosome imbalances highlight the highly heterogeneous presentation: six of eleven samples showed multiple numerical changes and very few structural ones, while four samples showed an opposite pattern; one sample out of eleven showed no imbalances. We did not reach firm evidence of any recurrent specific imbalances either at level of entire chromosomes or chromosome segments. A review of the literature indicates a number of recurrent gains, and losses, mostly not confirmed by our results. Gain of chromosome 19 was the only correspondence with literature data concerning an entire chromosome, and most segmental gains and losses found in our cohort of patients were different from those indicated in the literature: the only similarities concerned the gain of 20q13 and the loss of segments of chromosomes 15 and 22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Valli
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale, Università Degli Studi Dell'insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesca De Bernardi
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Annalisa Frattini
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale, Università Degli Studi Dell'insubria, Varese, Italy.,Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica E Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Volpi
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bignami
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, I Servizio Di Anatomia Patologica, and Division of Hematology, Ospedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Pasquali
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale, Università Degli Studi Dell'insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Castelnuovo
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maserati
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Clinica E Sperimentale, Università Degli Studi Dell'insubria, Varese, Italy
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9
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Mantelli M, Avanzini MA, Rosti V, Ingo DM, Conforti A, Novara F, Arrigo G, Boni M, Zappatore R, Lenta E, Moretta A, Acquafredda G, de Silvestri A, Cirillo V, Cicchetti E, Algeri M, Strocchio L, Vinti L, Starc N, Biagini S, Sirleto P, Bernasconi P, Zuffardi O, Maserati E, Maccario R, Zecca M, Locatelli F, Bernardo ME. Comprehensive characterization of mesenchymal stromal cells from patients with Fanconi anaemia. Br J Haematol 2015; 170:826-36. [PMID: 26010568 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is an inherited disorder characterized by pancytopenia, congenital malformations and a predisposition to develop malignancies. Alterations in the haematopoietic microenvironment of FA patients have been reported, but little is known regarding the components of their bone marrow (BM) stroma. We characterized mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from BM of 18 FA patients both before and after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Morphology, fibroblast colony-forming unit (CFU-F) ability, proliferative capacity, immunophenotype, differentiation potential, ability to support long-term haematopoiesis and immunomodulatory properties of FA-MSCs were analysed and compared with those of MSCs expanded from 15 age-matched healthy donors (HD-MSCs). FA-MSCs were genetically characterized through conventional karyotyping, diepoxybutane-test and array-comparative genomic hybridization. FA-MSCs generated before and after HSCT were compared. Morphology, immunophenotype, differentiation potential, ability in vitro to inhibit mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation and to support long-term haematopoiesis did not differ between FA-MSCs and HD-MSCs. CFU-F ability and proliferative capacity of FA-MSCs isolated after HSCT were significantly lower than those of HD-MSCs. FA-MSCs reached senescence significantly earlier than HD-MSCs and showed spontaneous chromosome fragility. Our findings indicate that FA-MSCs are defective in their ability to survive in vitro and display spontaneous chromosome breakages; whether these defects are involved in pathophysiology of BM failure syndromes deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mantelli
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonia Avanzini
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- Centre for the Study and Treatment of Myelofibrosis, Research Laboratories of Biotechnology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela M Ingo
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Conforti
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Novara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Arrigo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marina Boni
- Laboratory of Cytogenetic and Molecular Onco-haematology, Haematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rita Zappatore
- Laboratory of Cytogenetic and Molecular Onco-haematology, Haematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Lenta
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonia Moretta
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gloria Acquafredda
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa de Silvestri
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometrics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Cirillo
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Cicchetti
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Algeri
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Strocchio
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Vinti
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Starc
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Biagini
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Sirleto
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernasconi
- Laboratory of Cytogenetic and Molecular Onco-haematology, Haematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maserati
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Rita Maccario
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Zecca
- Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- Department of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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10
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Valli R, Pressato B, Marletta C, Mare L, Montalbano G, Curto FL, Pasquali F, Maserati E. Different loss of material in recurrent chromosome 20 interstitial deletions in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome and in myeloid neoplasms. Mol Cytogenet 2013; 6:56. [PMID: 24330778 PMCID: PMC3914702 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-6-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An interstitial deletion of the long arms of chromosome 20, del(20)(q), is frequent in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and it is recurrent in the BM of patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), who have a 30-40% risk of developing MDS and AML. Results We report the results obtained by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) in six patients with SDS, and we compare the loss of chromosome 20 material with one patient with MDS, and with data on 92 informative patients with MDS/AML/MPN and del(20)(q) collected from the literature. Conclusions The chromosome material lost in MDS/AML/MPN is highly variable with no identifiable common deleted regions, whereas in SDS the loss is more uniform: in 3/6 patients it was almost identical, and the breakpoints that we defined are probably common to most patients from the literature. In some SDS patients less material may be lost, due to different distal breakpoints, but the proximal breakpoint is in the same region, always leading to the loss of the EIF6 gene, an event which was related to a lower risk of MDS/AML in comparison with other patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emanuela Maserati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università dell'Insubria, Via J, H, Dunant, 5, I 21100 Varese, Italy.
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11
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André V, Longoni D, Bresolin S, Cappuzzello C, Dander E, Galbiati M, Bugarin C, Di Meglio A, Nicolis E, Maserati E, Serafini M, Warren AJ, Te Kronnie G, Cazzaniga G, Sainati L, Cipolli M, Biondi A, D'Amico G. Mesenchymal stem cells from Shwachman-Diamond syndrome patients display normal functions and do not contribute to hematological defects. Blood Cancer J 2012; 2:e94. [PMID: 23064742 PMCID: PMC3483621 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2012.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by bone marrow (BM) dysfunction and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. SDS patients have an increased risk for myelodisplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the key component of the hematopoietic microenvironment and are relevant in inducing genetic mutations leading to leukemia. However, their role in SDS is still unexplored. We demonstrated that morphology, growth kinetics and expression of surface markers of MSCs from SDS patients (SDS-MSCs) were similar to normal MSCs. Moreover, SDS-MSCs were able to differentiate into mesengenic lineages and to inhibit the proliferation of mitogen-activated lymphocytes. We demonstrated in an in vitro coculture system that SDS-MSCs, significantly inhibited neutrophil apoptosis probably through interleukin-6 production. In a long-term coculture with CD34+-sorted cells, SDS-MSCs were able to sustain CD34+ cells survival and to preserve their stemness. Finally, SDS-MSCs had normal karyotype and did not show any chromosomal abnormality observed in the hematological components of the BM of SDS patients. Despite their pivotal role in the hematopoietic stem cell niche, our data suggest that MSC themselves do not seem to be responsible for the hematological defects typical of SDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V André
- Centro Ricerca 'M Tettamanti', Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
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12
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Pangrazio A, Frattini A, Valli R, Maserati E, Susani L, Vezzoni P, Villa A, Al-Herz W, Sobacchi C. A homozygous contiguous gene deletion in chromosome 16p13.3 leads to autosomal recessive osteopetrosis in a Jordanian patient. Calcif Tissue Int 2012; 91:250-4. [PMID: 22847576 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-012-9631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Human malignant autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by reduced bone resorption by osteoclasts. Mutations in the CLCN7 gene are responsible not only for a substantial portion of ARO patients but also for other forms of osteopetrosis characterized by different severity and inheritance. The lack of a clear genotype/phenotype correlation makes genetic counseling a tricky issue for CLCN7-dependent osteopetrosis. Here, we characterize the first homozygous interstitial deletion in 16p13.3, detected by array comparative genomic hybridization in an ARO patient of Jordanian origin. The deletion involved other genes besides CLCN7, while the proband displayed a classic ARO phenotype; however, her early death did not allow more extensive clinical investigations. The identification of this novel genomic deletion involving a large part of the CLCN7 gene is of clinical relevance, especially in prenatal diagnosis, and suggests the possibility that this kind of mutation has been underestimated so far. These data highlight the need for alternative approaches to genetic analysis also in other ARO-causative genes.
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13
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De Filippi P, Zecca M, Novara F, Lisini D, Maserati E, Pasquali F, Rosti V, Carlo-Stella C, Zavras N, Cagioni C, Zuffardi O, Pagliara D, Danesino C, Locatelli F. The strange case of the lost NRAS mutation in a child with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:580-2. [PMID: 22183880 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.23401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative disorder of early childhood characterized by mutations of the RAS-RAF-MAP kinase signaling pathway. We report the case of a child with a diagnosis of JMML carrying two mutations of NRAS gene (c.37G>C and c.38G>A) independently occurring in long-term culture initiating cells. However, only the former was consistently found in more mature hematopoietic cells, suggesting that cancer transformation may lead to the loss of a mutation. This case also indicates that molecular analysis on cell types other than peripheral blood leukocytes may be useful to obtain relevant biological information on JMML pathogenesis.
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14
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Noris P, Valli R, Pecci A, Marletta C, Invernizzi R, Mare L, Balduini CL, Maserati E. Clonal chromosome anomalies affecting FLI1 mimic inherited thrombocytopenia of the Paris-Trousseau type. Eur J Haematol 2012; 89:345-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2012.01833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Noris
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo Foundation; University of Pavia; Pavia; Italy
| | - Roberto Valli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università dell'lnsubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Alessandro Pecci
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo Foundation; University of Pavia; Pavia; Italy
| | - Cristina Marletta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università dell'lnsubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Rosangela Invernizzi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo Foundation; University of Pavia; Pavia; Italy
| | - Lydia Mare
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università dell'lnsubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Carlo L. Balduini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo Foundation; University of Pavia; Pavia; Italy
| | - Emanuela Maserati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università dell'lnsubria; Varese; Italy
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15
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Tassano E, Tavella E, Valli R, Micalizzi C, Cuoco C, Maserati E, Pasquali F, Morerio C. New recurrent chromosome change in pediatric therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome: unbalanced translocation 1/6 with cryptic duplication of short arm of chromosome 6. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:2434-8. [PMID: 22616618 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.695778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) in pediatric patients is increasing in parallel with the more successful management of the primary tumor, but scant information is available on clinical and cytogenetic characteristics. We report here two children affected by t-MDS after chemo/radiotherapy for a primary solid tumor, both with an unbalanced translocation 1/6 in their bone marrow. Characterization by array comparative genomic hybridization of the imbalances showed an almost identical pattern: almost complete trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 1, and a terminal deletion and interstitial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 6. The gain of chromosome 6 short arm encompasses regions already highlighted as possibly relevant for t-MDS in adults, and we suggest that the unbalanced translocation reported here be considered a new recurrent, non-random chromosomal abnormality in pediatric patients with t-MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tassano
- Cancer Cytogenetic Laboratory, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
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16
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Pressato B, Valli R, Marletta C, Mare L, Montalbano G, Curto FL, Pasquali F, Maserati E. Deletion of chromosome 20 in bone marrow of patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, loss of the EIF6 gene and benign prognosis. Br J Haematol 2012; 157:503-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pressato
- Genetica umana e medica; Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università dell'Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Roberto Valli
- Genetica umana e medica; Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università dell'Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Cristina Marletta
- Genetica umana e medica; Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università dell'Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Lydia Mare
- Genetica umana e medica; Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università dell'Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalbano
- Genetica umana e medica; Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università dell'Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Francesco Lo Curto
- Genetica umana e medica; Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università dell'Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Francesco Pasquali
- Genetica umana e medica; Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università dell'Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Emanuela Maserati
- Genetica umana e medica; Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale; Università dell'Insubria; Varese; Italy
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Bonaglia MC, Giorda R, Beri S, De Agostini C, Novara F, Fichera M, Grillo L, Galesi O, Vetro A, Ciccone R, Bonati MT, Giglio S, Guerrini R, Osimani S, Marelli S, Zucca C, Grasso R, Borgatti R, Mani E, Motta C, Molteni M, Romano C, Greco D, Reitano S, Baroncini A, Lapi E, Cecconi A, Arrigo G, Patricelli MG, Pantaleoni C, D'Arrigo S, Riva D, Sciacca F, Dalla Bernardina B, Zoccante L, Darra F, Termine C, Maserati E, Bigoni S, Priolo E, Bottani A, Gimelli S, Bena F, Brusco A, di Gregorio E, Bagnasco I, Giussani U, Nitsch L, Politi P, Martinez-Frias ML, Martínez-Fernández ML, Martínez Guardia N, Bremer A, Anderlid BM, Zuffardi O. Molecular mechanisms generating and stabilizing terminal 22q13 deletions in 44 subjects with Phelan/McDermid syndrome. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002173. [PMID: 21779178 PMCID: PMC3136441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used deletions at 22q13, which represent a substantial source of human pathology (Phelan/McDermid syndrome), as a model for investigating the molecular mechanisms of terminal deletions that are currently poorly understood. We characterized at the molecular level the genomic rearrangement in 44 unrelated patients with 22q13 monosomy resulting from simple terminal deletions (72%), ring chromosomes (14%), and unbalanced translocations (7%). We also discovered interstitial deletions between 17-74 kb in 9% of the patients. Haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene, confirmed in all rearrangements, is very likely the cause of the major neurological features associated with PMS. SHANK3 mutations can also result in language and/or social interaction disabilities. We determined the breakpoint junctions in 29 cases, providing a realistic snapshot of the variety of mechanisms driving non-recurrent deletion and repair at chromosome ends. De novo telomere synthesis and telomere capture are used to repair terminal deletions; non-homologous end-joining or microhomology-mediated break-induced replication is probably involved in ring 22 formation and translocations; non-homologous end-joining and fork stalling and template switching prevail in cases with interstitial 22q13.3. For the first time, we also demonstrated that distinct stabilizing events of the same terminal deletion can occur in different early embryonic cells, proving that terminal deletions can be repaired by multistep healing events and supporting the recent hypothesis that rare pathogenic germline rearrangements may have mitotic origin. Finally, the progressive clinical deterioration observed throughout the longitudinal medical history of three subjects over forty years supports the hypothesis of a role for SHANK3 haploinsufficiency in neurological deterioration, in addition to its involvement in the neurobehavioral phenotype of PMS.
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18
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Valli R, Marletta C, Pressato B, Montalbano G, Lo Curto F, Pasquali F, Maserati E. Comparative genomic hybridization on microarray (a-CGH) in constitutional and acquired mosaicism may detect as low as 8% abnormal cells. Mol Cytogenet 2011; 4:13. [PMID: 21554683 PMCID: PMC3101650 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-4-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The results of cytogenetic investigations on unbalanced chromosome anomalies, both constitutional and acquired, were largely improved by comparative genomic hybridization on microarray (a-CGH), but in mosaicism the ability of a-CGH to reliably detect imbalances is not yet well established. This problem of sensitivity is even more relevant in acquired mosaicism in neoplastic diseases, where cells carrying acquired imbalances coexist with normal cells, in particular when the proportion of abnormal cells may be low. We constructed a synthetic mosaicism by mixing the DNA of three patients carrying altogether seven chromosome imbalances with normal sex-matched DNA. Dilutions were prepared mimicking 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 10% and 15% levels of mosaicism. Oligomer-based a-CGH (244 K whole-genome system) was applied on the patients' DNA and customized slides designed around the regions of imbalance were used for the synthetic mosaics. Results and conclusions The a-CGH on the synthetic mosaics proved to be able to detect as low as 8% abnormal cells in the tissue examined. Although in our experiment some regions of imbalances escaped to be revealed at this level, and were detected only at 10-15% level, it should be remarked that these ones were the smallest analyzed, and that the imbalances recurrent as clonal anomalies in cancer and leukaemia are similar in size to those revealed at 8% level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Valli
- Biologia e Genetica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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Sainati L, Longoni D, Basso G, Biondi A, Fenu S, Francescato S, Zecca M, Bugarin C, Cipolli M, Danesino C, Di Meglio A, Tridello G, Leszl A, Maserati E, Minelli A, Nicolis E, Pasquali F, Poli F. 281 Ten years of a prospective haematological survey of patients affected by Shwachman-Diamond syndrome: Results of an Italian multicentric study. Leuk Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(11)70283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Pressato B, Marletta C, Montalbano G, Valli R, Maserati E. Improving the definition of the structure of the isochromosome i(7)(q10) in Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome. Br J Haematol 2010; 150:632-3. [PMID: 20718726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Maserati E, Pressato B, Valli R, Minelli A, Sainati L, Patitucci F, Marletta C, Mastronuzzi A, Poli F, Lo Curto F, Locatelli F, Danesino C, Pasquali F. The route to development of myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukaemia in Shwachman-Diamond syndrome: the role of ageing, karyotype instability, and acquired chromosome anomalies. Br J Haematol 2009; 145:190-7. [PMID: 19222471 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An investigation of 22 new patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) and the follow-up of 14 previously reported cases showed that (i) clonal chromosome changes of chromosomes 7 and 20 were present in the bone marrow (BM) of 16 out of 36 cases, but if non-clonal changes were taken into account, the frequency of anomalies affecting these chromosomes was 20/36: a specific SDS karyotype instability was thus confirmed; (ii) the recurrent isochromosome i(7)(q10) did not include short arm material, whereas it retained two arrays of D7Z1 alphoid sequences; (iii) the deletion del(20)(q11) involved the minimal region of deletion typical of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); (iv) only one patient developed MDS, during the rapid expansion of a BM clone with a chromosome 7 carrying additional material on the short arms; (v) the acquisition of BM clonal chromosome anomalies was age-related. We conclude that karyotype instability is part of the natural history of SDS through a specific mutator effect, linked to lacking SBDS protein, with consequent clonal anomalies of chromosomes 7 and 20 in BM, which may eventually promote MDS/AML with the patients' ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Maserati
- Biologia e Genetica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università dell'lnsubria, Varese, Italy.
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22
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Minelli A, Maserati E, Nicolis E, Zecca M, Sainati L, Longoni D, Lo Curto F, Menna G, Poli F, De Paoli E, Cipolli M, Locatelli F, Pasquali F, Danesino C. The isochromosome i(7)(q10) carrying c.258+2t>c mutation of the SBDS gene does not promote development of myeloid malignancies in patients with Shwachman syndrome. Leukemia 2009; 23:708-11. [PMID: 19148133 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, skeletal abnormalities and bone marrow (BM) dysfunction with an increased risk to develop myelodysplastic syndrome and/or acute myeloid leukaemia (MDS/AML). SDS is caused, in nearly 90% of cases, by two common mutations (that is, c.183_184TA>CT and c.258+2T>C) in exon 2 of the SBDS gene, localized on chromosome 7. Clonal chromosome anomalies are often found in the BM of SDS patients; the most frequent is an isochromosome for long arms of chromosome 7, i(7)(q10). We studied eight patients with SDS carrying the i(7)(q10) who were compound heterozygotes for SBDS mutations. By assessing the parental origin of the i(7)(q10) using microsatellite analysis, we inferred from the results which mutation was present in double dose in the isochromosome. We demonstrate that in all cases the i(7)(q10) carries a double dose of the c.258+2T>C, and we suggest that, as the c.258+2T>C mutation still allows the production of some amount of normal protein, this may contribute to the low incidence of MDS/AML in this subset of SDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Minelli
- Genetica Medica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Università di Pavia e, Pavia, Italy
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23
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Maserati E, Campagnoli E, Truglio F, Casalone R, Geniram A, Invernizzi R, Pasquali F. Transferrin and structural anomalies of chromosome 3 in the blastic phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia. Hereditas 2008; 111:305-8. [PMID: 2632499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.1990.tb00409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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24
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Maserati E, Panarello C, Morerio C, Valli R, Pressato B, Patitucci F, Tassano E, Di Cesare-Merlone A, Cugno C, Balduini CL, Lo Curto F, Dufour C, Locatelli F, Pasquali F. Clonal chromosome anomalies and propensity to myeloid malignancies in congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (OMIM 604498). Haematologica 2008; 93:1271-3. [PMID: 18519517 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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25
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Maserati E, Pressato B, Valli R, Patitucci F, Lo Curto F, Pasquali F, Minelli A, Danesino C, Marchetti M, Barosi G. Constitutional trisomy 8 mosaicism in primary myelofibrosis: relevance to clinical practice and warning for trisomy 8 studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 179:79-81. [PMID: 17981220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Porta G, Maserati E, Mattarucchi E, Minelli A, Pressato B, Valli R, Zecca M, Bernardo ME, Lo Curto F, Locatelli F, Danesino C, Pasquali F. Monosomy 7 in myeloid malignancies: parental origin and monitoring by real-time quantitative PCR. Leukemia 2007; 21:1833-5. [PMID: 17460707 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Anemia, Refractory/genetics
- Blood Platelet Disorders/genetics
- Blood Platelet Disorders/therapy
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Down Syndrome/blood
- Down Syndrome/genetics
- Down Syndrome/therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Monosomy
- Mutation
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/blood
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/therapy
- Parents
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Porta G, Mattarucchi E, Maserati E, Pressato B, Valli R, Morerio C, Zecca M, Panarello C, Locatelli F, Lo Curto F, Pasquali F. Monitoring the isochromosome i(7)(q10) in the bone marrow of patients with Shwachman syndrome by real-time quantitative PCR. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2007; 29:163-5. [PMID: 17356395 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e31803b958e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clonal chromosome anomalies may be found in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with Shwachman syndrome, who are at risk to develop myelodysplastic syndromes and/or acute myeloid leukemias. In particular, an isochromosome i(7)(q10) is frequent, and is usually monitored by chromosome analyses. We tested an approach by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) on a chromosome 7 polymorphism. Five DNA samples of 2 Shwachman syndrome patients with clonal i(7)(q10) in the BM were used. Both were heterozygous for the diallelic indel polymorphism MID1064, which maps in 7q35. The percentage of i(7)(q10)-positive cells was extrapolated from the ratio of the 2 alleles measured by means of an allele-specific RQ-PCR assay. The results were compared with cytogenetic analyses on the same material used for RQ-PCR. In 1 patient, the RQ-PCR results matched well with those of chromosome analyses, whereas in the other one RQ-PCR showed that around 40% of the BM cells were abnormal, while they resulted to be nearly 80% with conventional monitoring assays. As the results obtained by RQ-PCR refer to the DNA of around 128,000 BM cells, our method proved to be feasible and more efficient in the quantitative evaluation of the i(7)(q10)-positive clone than conventional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Porta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
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28
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Maserati E, Minelli A, Pressato B, Valli R, Crescenzi B, Stefanelli M, Menna G, Sainati L, Poli F, Panarello C, Zecca M, Curto FL, Mecucci C, Danesino C, Pasquali F. Shwachman syndrome as mutator phenotype responsible for myeloid dysplasia/neoplasia through karyotype instability and chromosomes 7 and 20 anomalies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006; 45:375-82. [PMID: 16382447 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation of 14 patients with Shwachman syndrome (SS), using standard and molecular cytogenetic methods and molecular genetic techniques, showed that (1) the i(7)(q10) is not, or not always, an isochromosome but may arise from a more complex mechanism, retaining part of the short arm; (2) the i(7)(q10) has no preferential parental origin; (3) clonal chromosome changes, such as chromosome 7 anomalies and del(20)(q11), may be present in the bone marrow (BM) for a long time without progressing to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML); (4) the del(20)(q11) involves the minimal region of deletion typical of MDS/AML; (5) the rate of chromosome breaks is not significantly higher than in controls, from which it is concluded that SS should not be considered a breakage syndrome; (6) a specific kind of karyotype instability is present in SS, with chromosome changes possibly found in single cells or small clones, often affecting chromosomes 7 and 20, in the BM. Hence, we have confirmed our previous hypothesis that the SS mutation itself implies a mutator effect that is responsible for MDS/AML through these specific chromosome anomalies. This conclusion supports the practice of including cytogenetic monitoring in the follow-up of SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Maserati
- Biologia e Genetica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Universitá dell'lnsubria, Varese, Italy.
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29
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Morerio C, Rapella A, Rosanda C, Lanino E, Lo Nigro L, Di Cataldo A, Maserati E, Pasquali F, Panarello C. MLL-MLLT10 fusion in acute monoblastic leukemia: variant complex rearrangements and 11q proximal breakpoint heterogeneity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 152:108-12. [PMID: 15262427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2003] [Revised: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies of acute monoblastic leukemia cases presenting MLL-MLLT10 (alias MLL-AF10) fusion show a broad heterogeneity of chromosomal breakpoints. We present two new pediatric cases (French-American-British type M5) with MLL-MLLT10 fusion, which we studied with fluorescence in situ hybridization. In both we detected a paracentric inversion of the 11q region that translocated onto chromosome 10p12; one case displayed a variant complex pattern. We review the cytogenetic molecular data concerning the proximal inversion breakpoint of 11q and confirm its heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morerio
- Dipartimento di Ematologia ed Oncologia Pediatrica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, L.go G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
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30
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Morerio C, Acquila M, Rosanda C, Rapella A, Dufour C, Locatelli F, Maserati E, Pasquali F, Panarello C. HCMOGT-1 is a novel fusion partner to PDGFRB in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia with t(5;17)(q33;p11.2). Cancer Res 2004; 64:2649-51. [PMID: 15087372 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PDGFRB, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for platelet-derived growth factor, is constitutively activated by gene fusion with different partners in myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic disorders with peculiar clinical characteristics. Six alternative partner genes have been described thus far. In this study, we report the molecular cloning of a novel translocation t(5;17)(q33;p11.2) in a case of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. The novel partner gene was identified as HCMOGT-1 using 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends; fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase-PCR analyses confirmed that the translocation resulted in PDGFRB/HCMOGT-1 fusion. We show that the breakpoint of PDGFRB occurred at the same site of all previously reported PDGFRB translocations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Morerio
- Dipartimento di Ematologia ed Oncologia Pediatrica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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31
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Maserati E, Minelli A, Menna G, Cecchini MP, Bernardo ME, Rossi G, De Filippi P, Lo Curto F, Danesino C, Locatelli F, Pasquali F. Familial myelodysplastic syndromes, monosomy 7/trisomy 8, and mutator effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 148:155-8. [PMID: 14734230 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(03)00271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A family is reported, in which two sisters presented with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), namely refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-t), and refractory anemia (RA). Bone marrow chromosome changes were present in both: trisomy and tetrasomy 8 (with a pericentric inversion of one chromosome 8) in the older sister, and monosomy 7 (with clones with additional trisomies 19 and 21) in the younger one. Molecular data were obtained on the parental chromosome involved in these numerical anomalies, which proved to be of paternal origin in these cases. The observations of this family, and a review of familial cases of MDS/acute myeloid leukemia (AML), led us to consider that they may be divided into two groups: those which arise on the basis of a Mendelian predisposing disorder exerting a mutator effect, often with the acquisition of monosomy 7, and those in which no specific Mendelian predisposing disease is recognized, as the familial monosomy 7 cases and the one reported here. We postulate that in these families an inherited mutator effect is present and that it causes a karyotype instability, which leads to MDS/AML, often through the acquisition of monosomy 7 and trisomy 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Maserati
- Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università dell'Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy
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32
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Minelli A, Maserati E, Rossi G, Bernardo ME, De Stefano P, Cecchini MP, Valli R, Albano V, Pierani P, Leszl A, Sainati L, Lo Curto F, Danesino C, Locatelli F, Pasquali F. Familial platelet disorder with propensity to acute myelogenous leukemia: Genetic heterogeneity and progression to leukemia via acquisition of clonal chromosome anomalies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2004; 40:165-71. [PMID: 15138996 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial platelet disorder with propensity to acute myelogenous leukemia, or FPD/AML (OMIM #601399), is a rare autosomal dominant condition, with only 12 families reported. It is characterized by qualitative and quantitative platelet defects and predisposition to the development of myeloid malignancies. Causal mutations have been identified in the RUNX1 gene (also known as AML1, CBFA2) in the 11 families so far analyzed. RUNX1 is a gene frequently involved in the pathogenesis of sporadic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, through acquired chromosome rearrangements and point mutations. We report an Italian family with three members affected with FPD/AML, two sibs and their father, who developed myelodysplastic syndromes (which in one subsequently evolved into AML). Direct sequencing and polymorphisms haplotype analysis of the region of chromosome 21 where RUNX1 is mapped demonstrated that FPD/AML in this family was not caused by any mutation of the RUNX1 gene, thus providing evidence for the genetic heterogeneity of this disorder. Cytogenetic studies showed monosomy 7 in the marrow of all the three affected subjects, as well as an independent clone with trisomy 8 in the father. The importance of mutator effects in the pathogenesis of familial myeloid malignancies characterized by relevant chromosome changes, in the presence or absence of an underlying Mendelian disorder, has already been suggested. Our results and a review of the cytogenetic literature led us to postulate that mutations also causing FPD/AML may have a mutator effect that could give origin to myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias through acquired chromosome changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Minelli
- Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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33
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Olivieri C, Maraschio P, Caselli D, Martini C, Beluffi G, Maserati E, Danesino C. Interstitial deletion of chromosome 9, int del(9)(9q22.31-q31.2), including the genes causing multiple basal cell nevus syndrome and Robinow/brachydactyly 1 syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 2003; 162:100-3. [PMID: 12548386 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-002-1116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2002] [Accepted: 10/17/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a child with a de novo interstitial deletion, 46,XY, int del(9)(9q22.31-q31.2). Cytogenetic and molecular analysis defined the boundaries of the lost region, of paternal origin, from D9S1796 to D9S938. The clinical picture included macrocephaly, frontal bossing, bilateral epicanthus, down-slanted palpebral fissures, low-set ears, hypoplastic nostrils, micrognathia, scoliosis, right single palmar crease, small nails, slender fingers, bilaterally flexed 5th finger, delayed bone age, abnormal metacarpophalangeal pattern (MCPP) profile and sole pits. No major malformation was recorded. The deleted region includes, among others, the PTCH and ROR2 genes. Mutations of the former cause the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) while mutations in the ROR2 gene have been found both in Robinow syndrome and in brachydactyly type 1B (BDB1). As the patient shows some clinical manifestation of both syndromes, we conclude that phenotypic changes related to haploinsufficiency of PTCH and ROR2 are recognisable in our patient even at a young age and in the presence of the more complex phenotype due to the deletion's large size. Thus the efforts to identify the genes included in a deletion are worthy as they may result in better care of the patient as, in this case, monitoring the possible development of tumours associated with NBCCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Olivieri
- Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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34
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35
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Maserati E, Aprili F, Vinante F, Locatelli F, Amendola G, Zatterale A, Milone G, Minelli A, Bernardi F, Lo Curto F, Pasquali F. Trisomy 8 in myelodysplasia and acute leukemia is constitutional in 15-20% of cases. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2002; 33:93-7. [PMID: 11746991 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The trisomy 8 found in malignancies may derive from a constitutional trisomy 8 mosaicism (CT8M), and in these cases the trisomy itself may be regarded as the first mutation in a multistep carcinogenetic process. To assess the frequency of CT8M in hematological dysplastic and neoplastic disorders with trisomy 8, an informative sample of 14 patients was collected. The data ascertained included chromosome analyses of fibroblast cultures and of PHA-stimulated blood cultures in patients with normal blood differential count, as well as possible CT8M clinical signs. One patient showed trisomy 8 in all cell types analyzed and undoubtedly has a CT8M; a second patient consistently showed trisomy 8 in PHA-stimulated blood cultures when no immature myeloid cells were present in blood and should be considered as having CT8M; a third patient, with Philadelphia-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia, was more difficult to interpret, but the possibility that she had CT8M is likely. A few clinical signs of CT8M were also present in these three patients. Our data indicate that the frequency of CT8M in hematological dysplastic and neoplastic disorders with trisomy 8 is approximately 15-20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Maserati
- Sezione di Biologia e Genetica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università dell'Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 5, I 21100 Varese, Italy.
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36
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De Simone A, Cantù Rajnoldi A, Sainati L, D'Avanzo M, Allen M, Maserati E, Pasquali F, Aricò M. Spontaneous remission from RAEB in a child. Leukemia 2001; 15:856-7. [PMID: 11368450 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Minelli A, Morerio C, Maserati E, Olivieri C, Panarello C, Bonvini L, Leszl A, Rosanda C, Lanino E, Danesino C, Pasquali F. Meiotic origin of trisomy in neoplasms: evidence in a case of erythroleukaemia. Leukemia 2001; 15:971-5. [PMID: 11417485 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Trisomic cells in neoplasms may represent abnormal clones originated from a tissue-confined mosaicism, and arise therefore by a meiotic error. We report on a 16-month-old child with erythroleukaemia (AML-M6), whose marrow karyotype at onset was 48,XX,del(13)(q12q14),del(14)(q22q32),+21,+21. The parental origin of the supernumerary chromosomes 21 was investigated by comparing 10 polymorphic loci scattered along the whole chromosome on the patient's marrow and her parents' leukocytes. Three loci were informative for the presence of three alleles, two of which were of maternal origin; two further loci showed a maternal allele of higher intensity. Lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts showed a normal karyotype, and molecular analysis on leukocytes at remission, buccal smear and urinary sediment cells consistently showed only one maternal allele, whereas neonatal blood from Guthrie spot showed two maternal alleles as in the marrow. An accurate clinical re-evaluation confirmed a normal phenotype. Our results indicate that tetrasomy 21 arose from a marrow clone with trisomy 21 of meiotic origin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence that supernumerary chromosomes in neoplastic clones may in fact be present due to a meiotic error. This demonstrates that a tissue-confined constitutional mosaicism for a trisomy may indeed represent the first event in multistep carcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Aneuploidy
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Dermatoglyphics
- Down Syndrome/genetics
- Female
- Fetal Blood/chemistry
- Fetal Blood/cytology
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Interphase
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/therapy
- Meiosis
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Models, Genetic
- Mosaicism/genetics
- Nondisjunction, Genetic
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- A Minelli
- Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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38
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Minelli A, Maserati E, Giudici G, Tosi S, Olivieri C, Bonvini L, De Filippi P, Biondi A, Lo Curto F, Pasquali F, Danesino C. Familial partial monosomy 7 and myelodysplasia: different parental origin of the monosomy 7 suggests action of a mutator gene. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2001; 124:147-51. [PMID: 11172908 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two sisters are reported, both with a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) associated with partial monosomy 7. A trisomy 8 was also present in one of them, who later developed an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of the M0 FAB-type and died, whereas the other died with no evolution into AML. Besides FISH studies, microsatellite analysis was performed on both sisters to gather information on the parental origin of the chromosome 7 involved in partial monosomy and of the extra chromosome 8. The chromosomes 7 involved were of different parental origin in the two sisters, thus confirming that familial monosomy 7 is not explained by a germ-line mutation of a putative tumor-suppressor gene. Similar results were obtained in two other families out of the 12 reported in the literature. Noteworthy is the association with a mendelian disease in 3 out of 12 monosomy 7 families, which suggest that a mutator gene, capable of inducing both karyotype instability and a mendelian disorder, might act to induce chromosome 7 anomalies in the marrow. We postulate that, in fact, an inherited mutation in any of a group of mutator genes causes familial monosomy 7 also in the absence of a recognized mendelian disease, and that marrow chromosome 7 anomalies, in turn, lead to MDS/AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Minelli
- Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Università di Pavia, C.P. 217, I 27100, Pavia, Italy
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39
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Morerio C, Russo I, Rosanda C, Rapella A, Leszl A, Basso G, Maserati E, Pasquali F, Panarello C. 17q21-qter trisomy is an indicator of poor prognosis in acute myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2001; 124:12-5. [PMID: 11165316 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A reciprocal translocation (9;11) is often found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), mostly of the M5a type. We report a case of a child with AML, in whom t(9;11) was observed at diagnosis as the sole structural abnormality, together with trisomies 19 and 21. The diagnosis was AML evolving from a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and the blast morphology was undifferentiated. Chemotherapy failed to induce morphological remission and the patient's condition soon worsened. A subclone appeared and expanded during the course of the disease, with an additional unbalanced translocation (1;17) leading to trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 17 (17q). The data available from the literature on acquired anomalies involving 17q and our observation led us to postulate a specific link between the gain of 17q and complete chemoresistance.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/genetics
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Fatal Outcome
- Genetic Markers
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Male
- Prognosis
- Trisomy/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morerio
- Divisione di Ematologia ed Oncologia Pediatrica, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, L. go G. Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
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40
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Maserati E, Minelli A, Olivieri C, Bonvini L, Marchi A, Bozzola M, Danesino C, Scappaticci S, Pasquali F. Isochromosome (7)(q10) in Shwachman syndrome without MDS/AML and role of chromosome 7 anomalies in myeloproliferative disorders. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2000; 121:167-71. [PMID: 11063802 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(00)00246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Shwachman syndrome (SS) is an autosomal recessive disorder in which bone marrow dysfunction is observed, with development of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemias (AML) in up to one third of the cases. Inconclusive data are available as to increased chromosome breakage in SS, while chromosome 7 anomalies, and often an isochromosome (7)(q10), are frequent in cases with MDS/AML. We report on the consistent presence of an i(7)(q10) in the bone marrow and blood lymphocytes in one of two sisters affected with SS without any clinical or cytological signs of MDS/AML. Thus, this patient was either a case of constitutional mosaicism for the i(7)(q10), or this had to be acquired in a nondysplastic and non-neoplastic marrow clone. DNA polymorphism analysis demonstrated the paternal origin of the i(7q). We postulate that the SS mutation acts as a mutator gene, and causes karyotype instability; abnormal clones would thus arise in the marrow, and chromosome 7 anomalies, i(7q) in particular, will in turn lead to MDS/AML. If this interpretation is correct, it would be also an indication to consider chromosome 7 anomalies in general, out of SS, as primary changes in MDS/AML pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maserati
- Sezione di Biologia e Genetica Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
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41
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Abstract
UNLABELLED A ring chromosome 9 containing an inverted 9p22.3-p24.3 duplication was found in a girl presenting with some of the phenotypic characteristics of ring 9 syndrome such as trigonocephaly, microcephaly, hypotelorism, micrognathia, single palmar crease, and bilateral clinodactyly. The typical facial dysmorphic features of 9p duplication, ascribed to trisomy of the band p22, were not present in this patient. Cytogenetic and molecular studies indicated that the duplicated region of band p22 in the ring is confined to the sub-band 22.3. CONCLUSION The chromosome region responsible for the 9p duplication syndrome appears to be restricted to sub-bands p22. 1-22.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Seghezzi
- Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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42
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Maserati E, Verri A, Seghezzi L, Tupler R, Federico A, Tiepolo L, Maraschio P. Cerebellar dysgenesis and mental retardation associated with a complex chromosome rearrangement. Ann Genet 1999; 42:210-4. [PMID: 10674160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar hypoplasia, mild mental retardation, skeletal abnormalities, and ataxia were present in a 40 years old patient with a complex chromosome rearrangement (CCR). Chromosomes 2, 5, 16, and 17 were involved in the CCR. For the definition of the eight breakpoints leading to the rearrangement FISH with whole chromosomes paintings and specific telomeric probes was employed. Gene disruption, positional effect variegation, and sub-microscopic deletions are all possible causes for the abnormal phenotype observed in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maserati
- Centro di Genetica Clinica, Università di Sassari, Italy
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43
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Danesino C, Pasquali F, Dellavecchia C, Maserati E, Minelli A, Seghezzi L. Constitutional trisomy 8 mosaicism: mechanism of origin, phenotype variability, and risk of malignancies. Am J Med Genet 1998; 80:540. [PMID: 9880228 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19981228)80:5<540::aid-ajmg25>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Maserati E, Seghezzi L, Pasquali F, Locatelli F, Viero P, Cavanna L. Parental origin of chromosomes 9 and 22 involved in the Ph chromosome translocation in chronic myelocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1998; 107:151-2. [PMID: 9844612 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sainati L, Leszl A, Putti M, Pasquali F, Maserati E, Donti E, Venti G, Simi P, Giuliani C, Angioni A, Stella M, Montaldi A, Sessarego M, Zanesco L, Biondi A, Basso G. Centralized cytogenetic analysis of pediatric acute leukemia: results of an Italian collaborative experience. Haematologica 1997; 82:654-9. [PMID: 9499663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cytogenetic analysis of acute leukemia yields important information which has been demonstrated to be correlated to patient survival. A reference laboratory was created in order to perform karyotype analysis on all cases of acute leukemia enrolled in the AIEOP (Associazione Italiana Emato-Oncologia Pediatrica) protocols. METHODS From January 1990 to December 1995, 1115 samples of children with ALL or AML were sent in for cytogenetic analysis. The results of cell cultures were screened in the Reference Laboratory and then the fixed metaphases were sent to one of the six cytogenetic laboratories for analysis. RESULTS The leukemic karyotypes of 556 patients were successfully analyzed. An abnormal clone was detected in 49% of cases of ALL and in 66% of AML. In ALL the most frequent abnormality was 9p rearrangement. Other recurrent abnormalities were t(9;22), t(4;11) and t(1;19). In AML t(8;21), t(15;17) and 11q23 rearrangement were the most frequent structural abnormalities. These findings are similar to the results obtained in other multicenter studies using a similar approach. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm the feasibility of performing cytogenetic analysis in a centralized laboratory on mailed samples of bone marrow and/or peripheral blood; this is very important considering that cytogenetic analysis of neoplastic tissue requires a special laboratory and expert staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sainati
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università di Padova, Italy
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Seghezzi L, Dellavecchia C, Maserati E, Minelli A, Carrà A, Locatelli F, Argusti A, Lo Curto F, Danesino C, Pasquali F. Ph-positive CML in blastic phase with monosomy 7 in a Down syndrome patient. Monitoring by interphase cytogenetics and demonstration of maternal allelic loss. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1997; 99:77-80. [PMID: 9352800 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(96)00431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of Ph-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia in blastic phase in an 11-year-old boy with Down syndrome. Monosomy 7 was the only additional chromosomal anomaly in the blastic clone. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis on interphase nuclei with a centromeric probe specific to chromosome 7 proved to be efficient in disease monitoring, and showed, together with the results of chromosome analysis on metaphases, that B-lymphocytes at the origin of an EBV-established line were not part of the leukemic clone. The study of DNA polymorphisms showed that the origin of the constitutional trisomy 21 was a maternal anaphase I nondisjunction, that the chromosome 7 lost in the blastic marrow clone was the maternal one, and led us to postulate that the mother's chromosomes are prone to impairment of normal disjunction. The study of allelic losses of chromosome 7 loci proved to be a further possibility for disease monitoring.
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Vavassori M, Maccario R, Moretta A, Comoli P, Wack A, Locatelli F, Lanzavecchia A, Maserati E, Dellabona P, Casorati G, Montagna D. Restricted TCR repertoire and long-term persistence of donor-derived antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation recipients. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.157.12.5739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We investigated the contribution of transfer of Ag-experienced donor T cells to the immune reconstitution of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients. To this purpose, we used a combination of cell culture methods to isolate tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific T cell clones, and a sensitive and specific heteroduplex analysis to monitor the presence of a particular clonotype using TCR N region sequences. We document that patients after BMT display a small response to TT, entirely accounted for by few donor-derived clones. These patients show a strong polyclonal response to TT vaccination; however, the T cell clones transferred with the transplant can still be detected within the polyclonal T cell lines for up to at least 5 yr after BMT. We also demonstrate that vaccination of donors with TT before BMT results in a more relevant transfer of Ag-experienced T cells, allowing the recipients to mount a strong polyclonal response without need of vaccination. These findings provide a rationale for vaccinating donors to optimize adoptive transfer of protective T cell immunity into recipients, and suggest the possibility of using preventive T cell adoptive therapy in conjunction with marrow infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vavassori
- Unit of Immunochemistry, DIBIT, H.S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - R Maccario
- Unit of Immunochemistry, DIBIT, H.S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Moretta
- Unit of Immunochemistry, DIBIT, H.S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - P Comoli
- Unit of Immunochemistry, DIBIT, H.S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Wack
- Unit of Immunochemistry, DIBIT, H.S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - F Locatelli
- Unit of Immunochemistry, DIBIT, H.S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Lanzavecchia
- Unit of Immunochemistry, DIBIT, H.S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Maserati
- Unit of Immunochemistry, DIBIT, H.S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - P Dellabona
- Unit of Immunochemistry, DIBIT, H.S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - G Casorati
- Unit of Immunochemistry, DIBIT, H.S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - D Montagna
- Unit of Immunochemistry, DIBIT, H.S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Vavassori M, Maccario R, Moretta A, Comoli P, Wack A, Locatelli F, Lanzavecchia A, Maserati E, Dellabona P, Casorati G, Montagna D. Restricted TCR repertoire and long-term persistence of donor-derived antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation recipients. J Immunol 1996; 157:5739-47. [PMID: 8955228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the contribution of transfer of Ag-experienced donor T cells to the immune reconstitution of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients. To this purpose, we used a combination of cell culture methods to isolate tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific T cell clones, and a sensitive and specific heteroduplex analysis to monitor the presence of a particular clonotype using TCR N region sequences. We document that patients after BMT display a small response to TT, entirely accounted for by few donor-derived clones. These patients show a strong polyclonal response to TT vaccination; however, the T cell clones transferred with the transplant can still be detected within the polyclonal T cell lines for up to at least 5 yr after BMT. We also demonstrate that vaccination of donors with TT before BMT results in a more relevant transfer of Ag-experienced T cells, allowing the recipients to mount a strong polyclonal response without need of vaccination. These findings provide a rationale for vaccinating donors to optimize adoptive transfer of protective T cell immunity into recipients, and suggest the possibility of using preventive T cell adoptive therapy in conjunction with marrow infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vavassori
- Unit of Immunochemistry, DIBIT, H.S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Seghezzi L, Maserati E, Minelli A, Dellavecchia C, Addis P, Locatelli F, Angioni A, Balloni P, Miano C, Cavalli P, Danesino C, Pasquali F. Constitutional trisomy 8 as first mutation in multistep carcinogenesis: clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular data on three cases. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1996; 17:94-101. [PMID: 8913726 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2264(199610)17:2<94::aid-gcc4>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three patients, with constitutional trisomy 8 mosaicism (CT8M), who developed a malignancy are reported. The diagnoses were refractory anaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and idiopathic myelofibrosis. In the child with acute leukaemia, the CT8M was diagnosed at birth due to severe dysmorphisms and malformations; the other two patients showed a milder phenotype, and the CT8M was diagnosed only after the finding of trisomy 8 in neoplastic cells. The review of eight similar, previously reported cases and the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular studies performed in our patients led us to make the following observations: (I) CT8M predisposes to neoplasms, preferentially to myelo- or lymphoproliferative diseases; (2) a gene dosage effect for glutathione reductase in red blood cells was seen in two of our patients; (3) the wide phenotypic variation of CT8M was confirmed: trisomy 8 in neoplastic cells of phenotypically near-normal cases may be misinterpreted as acquired; and (4) molecular studies suggested a postzygotic origin of the trisomy in our three cases, with the supernumerary chromosome being of paternal origin in one case and of maternal origin in the other two. We postulate that the trisomy 8 in neoplasms may often occur by mitotic nondisjunction in an early embryonic multipotent cell and that what is usually interpreted as an acquired trisomy 8 may in fact be CT8M. The constitutional trisomy 8 would act as a pathogenetically important first mutation in multistep carcinogenesis. Whenever trisomy 8 is found in malignancies, the patient should be reevaluated clinically to exclude CT8M, and CT8M patients should be monitored for the possible development of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Seghezzi
- Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Pavia, Italy
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