1
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Ibrahim MIA, Solimando X, Stefan L, Pickaert G, Babin J, Arnal-Herault C, Roizard D, Jonquières A, Bodiguel J, Averlant-Petit MC. A lysine-based 2:1-[α/aza]-pseudopeptide series used as additives in polymeric membranes for CO 2 capture: synthesis, structural studies, and application †. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10051-10067. [PMID: 37006376 PMCID: PMC10052764 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00409k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study presents for the first time the synthesis of a new 2:1-[α/aza]-pseudopeptide series possessing charged amino acids (i.e., lysine) and aims at studying the influences of chirality, backbone length, and the nature of the lysine side chains on the conformation of the 2:1-[α/aza]-oligomers in solution using NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and molecular dynamic calculations. The spectroscopic results emphasized the conservation of the β-turn conformation adopted by the trimers regardless of the chirality which demonstrated a noticeable effect on the conformation of homochiral hexamer (8c) compared with the hetero-analogue (8d). The molecular dynamic calculations predicted that the chirality and the side chain of the lysine residues caused a little distortion from the classical β-turn conformation in the case of short trimer sequences (7c and 7d), while the chirality and the backbone length exerted more distortion on the β-turn adopted by the longer hexamer sequences (8c and 8d). The large disturbance in hexamers from classical β-turn was attributed to increasing the flexibility and the possibility of molecules to adopt a more energetically favorable conformation stabilized by non-classical β-turn intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Thus, alternating d- and l-lysine amino acids in the 2:1-[α/aza]-hexamer (8d) decreases the high steric hindrance between the lysine side chains, as in the homo analogue (8c), and the distortion is less recognized. Finally, short sequences of aza-pseudopeptides containing lysine residues improve CO2 separation when used as additives in Pebax® 1074 membranes. The best membrane performances were obtained with a pseudopeptidic dimer as an additive (6b′; deprotected lysine side chain), with an increase in both ideal selectivity αCO2/N2 (from 42.8 to 47.6) and CO2 permeability (from 132 to 148 Barrer) compared to the virgin Pebax® 1074 membrane. A new 2:1-[α/aza]-pseudopeptide series based charged lysine amino acid was synthesized. Influences of chirality, backbone length, and lysine side chains on the oligomers conformation were investigated in solution using NMR, FTIR and MD calculations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I. A. Ibrahim
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPMF-54000 NancyFrance
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOFEgypt
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-HiroshimaHiroshima 739-0046Japan
| | | | - Loïc Stefan
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPMF-54000 NancyFrance
| | | | - Jérôme Babin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPMF-54000 NancyFrance
| | | | - Denis Roizard
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGPF-54000 NancyFrance
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2
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Altiti A, He M, VanPatten S, Cheng KF, Ahmed U, Chiu PY, Mughrabi IT, Jabari BA, Burch RM, Manogue KR, Tracey KJ, Diamond B, Metz CN, Yang H, Hudson LK, Zanos S, Son M, Sherry B, Coleman TR, Al-Abed Y. Thiocarbazate building blocks enable the construction of azapeptides for rapid development of therapeutic candidates. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7127. [PMID: 36443291 PMCID: PMC9705435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides, polymers of amino acids, comprise a vital and expanding therapeutic approach. Their rapid degradation by proteases, however, represents a major limitation to their therapeutic utility and chemical modifications to native peptides have been employed to mitigate this weakness. Herein, we describe functionalized thiocarbazate scaffolds as precursors of aza-amino acids, that, upon activation, can be integrated in a peptide sequence to generate azapeptides using conventional peptide synthetic methods. This methodology facilitates peptide editing-replacing targeted amino acid(s) with aza-amino acid(s) within a peptide-to form azapeptides with preferred therapeutic characteristics (extending half-life/bioavailability, while at the same time typically preserving structural features and biological activities). We demonstrate the convenience of this azapeptide synthesis platform in two well-studied peptides with short half-lives: FSSE/P5779, a tetrapeptide inhibitor of HMGB1/MD-2/TLR4 complex formation, and bradykinin, a nine-residue vasoactive peptide. This bench-stable thiocarbazate platform offers a robust and universal approach to optimize peptide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Altiti
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Mingzhu He
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Sonya VanPatten
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Kai Fan Cheng
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Umair Ahmed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Pui Yan Chiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Mughrabi
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Bayan Al Jabari
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Kirk R Manogue
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Christine N Metz
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - LaQueta K Hudson
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Myoungsun Son
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Sherry
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Thomas R Coleman
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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3
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Le Du E, Borrel J, Waser J. Copper-Catalyzed Alkynylation of Hydrazides: An Easy Access to Functionalized Azadipeptides. Org Lett 2022; 24:6614-6618. [PMID: 36066898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a copper-catalyzed alkynylation of azadipeptides using ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) reagents. Nonsymmetrical ynehydrazides could be obtained in 25-97% yield using azaglycine derivatives as nucleophiles. The transformation is compatible with most functional groups naturally occurring on amino acid side chains and allows the transfer of silyl-, alkyl-, and aryl-substituted alkynes. The obtained α-alkynyl azaglycine products could be further functionalized by nucleophilic attack or cycloaddition on the triple bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliott Le Du
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Borrel
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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4
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Shi C, Correia I, Tonali N, Ongeri S, Lequin O. Two consecutive aza-amino acids in peptides promote stable β-turn formation in water. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8430-8437. [PMID: 36040477 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the synthetic methodologies and the structural propensity of peptides containing consecutive aza-amino acids are still in their infancy. Here, details of the synthesis and conformational analysis of tripeptides containing two consecutive aza-amino acids are provided. The demonstration that the type I β-turn folding is induced, even in aqueous media, by the introduction of one or two lateral chains on the diaza-peptide unit is of particular importance for the design of peptidomimetics of biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Shi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Isabelle Correia
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Nicolo Tonali
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Sandrine Ongeri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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5
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Abstract
Azapeptides undergo on-resin, late-stage N-alkylations to install side chains with high chemoselectivity for the hydrazide nitrogen atoms. The major product is the N1-alkylated "azapeptoid", with only small amounts (<10%) of alkylation occurring at the other aza-amino acid nitrogen (N2). Dialkylations are also possible and afford highly functionalized, disubstituted azapeptides with side chains installed on both aza-amino acid nitrogen atoms. The site-selectivity was determined using Edman degradation, MS/MS sequencing, and comparative LCMS and NMR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell O Bowles
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Caroline Proulx
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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6
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Ismail MF, Aly AF, Abdel-Wahab SS, El-Sayed AA. Synthesis, Characterization and Insecticidal Activity against Cotton Leaf Worm of New Heterocyclics Which Scaffold on Hydrazide-Hydrazone Derivative. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2026990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud F. Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aly Fahmy Aly
- Central Agricultural Pesticide Lab., Pesticide Formulations Department, Agricultural Research Center, Dokky, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Amira A El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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8
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Wątły J, Miller A, Kozłowski H, Rowińska-Żyrek M. Peptidomimetics - An infinite reservoir of metal binding motifs in metabolically stable and biologically active molecules. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111386. [PMID: 33610030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of metal ions in interactions with therapeutic peptides is inevitable. They are one of the factors able to fine-tune the biological properties of antimicrobial peptides, a promising group of drugs with one large drawback - a problematic metabolic stability. Appropriately chosen, proteolytically stable peptidomimetics seem to be a reasonable solution of the problem, and the use of D-, β-, γ-amino acids, unnatural amino acids, azapeptides, peptoids, cyclopeptides and dehydropeptides is an infinite reservoir of metal binding motifs in metabolically stable, well-designed, biologically active molecules. Below, their specific structural features, metal-chelating abilities and antimicrobial potential are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wątły
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot - Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
| | - Adriana Miller
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot - Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Henryk Kozłowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot - Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland; Department of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Katowicka 68, Opole 45-060, Poland
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9
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Miyata K, Narita A, Fujisawa R, Roppongi M, Ito S, Shingo T, Oba T. Synthesis of boronophenylalanine-like aza-amino acids for boron-containing azapeptide precursors. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Ibrahim MIA, Pickaert G, Stefan L, Jamart-Grégoire B, Bodiguel J, Averlant-Petit MC. Cyclohexamer [-(d-Phe-azaPhe-Ala) 2-]: good candidate to formulate supramolecular organogels. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43859-43869. [PMID: 35519698 PMCID: PMC9058333 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07775e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly is a fascinating process which has become an area of great interest in supramolecular chemistry, as it leads in certain cases to molecular gels. Organogels formulated from low molecular weight compounds (LMWOGs) have attracted much interest in the past decades due to their applications as new soft materials. Herein, we report on the ability of the cyclic pseudopeptide cyclo-[-(d-Phe-azaPhe-Ala)2-] (2) to self-assemble in some aromatic solvents and to form organogels driven by non-covalent forces, mainly hydrogen bonding and π-stacking interactions. Comprehensive FTIR and NMR studies emphasized that this cyclic aza-peptide adopts a β-turn conformation at low concentration in toluene, while an equilibrium between the monomeric states (intramolecular forces) and the supramolecular structures (intra- and intermolecular forces) is established at high concentration (gel state). Rheological investigations of the organogels highlight the dependence of their stiffness (up to ∼4 kPa) and sol/gel transition temperatures (up to 100 °C) as a function of the solvent and concentration of gelator used. The formulation of fibrous structures confirmed the phenomenon of self-assembly. Finally, we found that cyclo-[-(d-Phe-azaPhe-Ala)2-] is an effective organogelator for application in phase selective gelation (PSG) of organic solvents from aqueous/organic mixtures with recovery percents up to 96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I A Ibrahim
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, CNRS, Université de Lorraine Nancy France
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry, Marine Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF Egypt
| | - Guillaume Pickaert
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, CNRS, Université de Lorraine Nancy France
| | - Loïc Stefan
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, CNRS, Université de Lorraine Nancy France
| | - Brigitte Jamart-Grégoire
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, CNRS, Université de Lorraine Nancy France
| | - Jacques Bodiguel
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, CNRS, Université de Lorraine Nancy France
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11
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Tonali N, Correia I, Lesma J, Bernadat G, Ongeri S, Lequin O. Introducing sequential aza-amino acids units induces repeated β-turns and helical conformations in peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3452-3458. [PMID: 32091060 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A major current issue in medicinal chemistry is the design of small peptide analogues resistant to proteolysis and able to adopt preferential conformations, while preserving the selectivity and efficiency of natural peptides. Whereas the introduction of one aza-Gly in peptides has proven numerous biological and structural interest, the conformational effect of sequential aza-Gly or aza-amino acids bearing side chains has not been investigated. In this work, experimental NMR and X-ray data together with in silico conformational studies reveal that the introduction of two consecutive aza-amino acids in pseudotripeptides induces the formation of stable hydrogen-bonded β-turn structures. Notably, this stabilization effect relies on the presence of side chains on aza-amino acids, as more flexible conformations are observed with aza-Gly residues. Remarkably, a longer aza/aza/α/aza/aza/α pseudohexapeptide containing substituted aza-amino acids adopts repeated β-turns conformations which interconvert with a fully helical structure mimicking a 310 helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo Tonali
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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12
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Melton SD, Smith MS, Chenoweth DM. Incorporation of Aza-Glycine into Collagen Peptides. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1706-1711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Melton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Mason S. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - David M. Chenoweth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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13
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Harris T, Chenoweth DM. Sterics and Stereoelectronics in Aza-Glycine: Impact of Aza-Glycine Preorganization in Triple Helical Collagen. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18021-18029. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - David M. Chenoweth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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14
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Aza-Amino Acids Disrupt β-Sheet Secondary Structures. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101919. [PMID: 31109055 PMCID: PMC6572070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cα to N substitution in aza-amino acids imposes local conformational constraints, changes in hydrogen bonding properties, and leads to adaptive chirality at the nitrogen atom. These properties can be exploited in mimicry and stabilization of peptide secondary structures and self-assembly. Here, the effect of a single aza-amino acid incorporation located in the upper β-strand at a hydrogen-bonded (HB) site of a β-hairpin model peptide (H-Arg-Tyr-Val-Glu-Val-d-Pro-Gly-Orn-Lys-Ile-Leu-Gln-NH2) is reported. Specifically, analogs in which valine3 was substituted for aza-valine3 or aza-glycine3 were synthesized, and their β-hairpin stabilities were examined using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The azapeptide analogs were found to destabilize β-hairpin formation compared to the parent peptide. The aza-valine3 residue was more disruptive of β-hairpin geometry than its aza-glycine3 counterpart.
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15
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Mir FM, Atmuri NDP, Bourguet CB, Fores JR, Hou X, Chemtob S, Lubell WD. Paired Utility of Aza-Amino Acyl Proline and Indolizidinone Amino Acid Residues for Peptide Mimicry: Conception of Prostaglandin F2α Receptor Allosteric Modulators That Delay Preterm Birth. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4500-4525. [PMID: 30932486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptide mimicry employing a combination of aza-amino acyl proline and indolizidinone residues has been used to develop allosteric modulators of the prostaglandin F2α receptor. The systematic study of the N-terminal phenylacetyl moiety and the conformation and side chain functions of the central turn dipeptide residue has demonstrated the sensitive relationships between modulator activity and topology. Examination of aza-Gly-Pro and aza-Phe-Pro analogs 2a and 2b in a murine preterm labor model featuring treatment with lipopolysaccharide demonstrated their capacity to extend significantly (>20 h) the average time of delivery offering new prototypes for delaying premature birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh M Mir
- Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville , Montréal H3C 3J7 QC , Canada
| | - N D Prasad Atmuri
- Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville , Montréal H3C 3J7 QC , Canada
| | - Carine B Bourguet
- Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville , Montréal H3C 3J7 QC , Canada
| | - Jennifer Rodon Fores
- Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville , Montréal H3C 3J7 QC , Canada
| | - Xin Hou
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center , Montréal H3T 1C5 , QC , Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center , Montréal H3T 1C5 , QC , Canada
| | - William D Lubell
- Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-Ville , Montréal H3C 3J7 QC , Canada
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16
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Bizet F, Tonali N, Soulier JL, Oliva A, Kaffy J, Crousse B, Ongeri S. Towards a general synthesis of di-aza-amino acids containing peptides. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03635g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three synthetic routes are studied and compared to introduce two consecutive aza-amino acids bearing various side chains into peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustine Bizet
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
| | - Nicolo Tonali
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
| | - Jean-Louis Soulier
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
| | - Agostino Oliva
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
| | - Julia Kaffy
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
| | - Benoit Crousse
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
| | - Sandrine Ongeri
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
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17
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Ibrahim MIA, Zhou Z, Deng C, Didierjean C, Vanderesse R, Bodiguel J, Averlant-Petit MC, Jamart-Grégoire B. Impact of Cα
-Chirality on Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Cyclo-2:1-[α/aza]-Hexamers (d
/l
-Phe-azaPhe-Ala)2. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ibrahim Abdelmoneim Ibrahim
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM); UMR 7375; CNRS; Université de Lorraine; 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451 54001 Nancy France
- Marine Chemistry Department; National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF); Qayet-Bey, El-Anfoushy 21557 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM); UMR 7375; CNRS; Université de Lorraine; 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451 54001 Nancy France
| | - Cheng Deng
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM); UMR 7375; CNRS; Université de Lorraine; 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451 54001 Nancy France
| | - Claude Didierjean
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie; Résonance Magnétique et Modélisation (CRM2); UMR 7036; CNRS; Université de Lorraine; Boulevard des Aiguillettes 56506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Régis Vanderesse
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM); UMR 7375; CNRS; Université de Lorraine; 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451 54001 Nancy France
| | - Jacques Bodiguel
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM); UMR 7375; CNRS; Université de Lorraine; 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451 54001 Nancy France
| | - Marie-Christine Averlant-Petit
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM); UMR 7375; CNRS; Université de Lorraine; 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451 54001 Nancy France
| | - Brigitte Jamart-Grégoire
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM); UMR 7375; CNRS; Université de Lorraine; 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451 54001 Nancy France
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Kuhn K, Littmann T, Dukorn S, Tanaka M, Keller M, Ozawa T, Bernhardt G, Buschauer A. In Search of NPY Y 4R Antagonists: Incorporation of Carbamoylated Arginine, Aza-Amino Acids, or d-Amino Acids into Oligopeptides Derived from the C-Termini of the Endogenous Agonists. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3616-3631. [PMID: 30023699 PMCID: PMC6044894 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The cross-linked pentapeptides (2R,7R)-diaminooctanedioyl-bis(Tyr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Tyr-amide) ((2R,7R)-BVD-74D, (2R,7R)-1) and octanedioyl-bis(Tyr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Tyr-amide) (2) as well as the pentapeptide Ac-Tyr-Arg-Leu-Arg-Tyr-amide (3) were previously described as neuropeptide Y Y4 receptor (Y4R) partial agonists. Here, we report on a series of analogues of (2R,7R)-1 and 2 in which Arg2, Leu3, or Arg4 were replaced by the respective aza-amino acids. The replacement of Arg2 in 3 with a carbamoylated arginine building block and the extension of the N-terminus by an additional arginine led to the high-affinity hexapeptide Ac-Arg-Tyr-Nω-[(4-aminobutyl)aminocarbonyl]Arg-Leu-Arg-Tyr-amide (35), which was used as a precursor for a d-amino acid scan. The target compounds were investigated for Y4R functional activity in assays with complementary readouts: aequorin Ca2+ and β-arrestin 1 or β-arrestin 2 assays. In contrast to the parent compounds, which are Y4R agonists, several ligands were able to suppress the effect elicited by the endogenous ligand pancreatic polypeptide and therefore represent a novel class of peptide Y4R antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian
K. Kuhn
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Timo Littmann
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dukorn
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Max Keller
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg D-93053, Germany
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20
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Eustache S, Leprince J, Tufféry P. Progress with peptide scanning to study structure-activity relationships: the implications for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:771-84. [PMID: 27310575 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1201058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peptides have gained renewed interest as candidate therapeutics. However, to bring them to a broader clinical use, challenges such as the rational optimization of their pharmacological properties remain. Peptide scanning techniques offer a systematic framework to gain information on the functional role of individual amino acids of a peptide. Due to progress in mastering new chemical synthesis routes targeting amino acid backbone, they are currently diversified. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses such as alanine- or enantioneric- scanning can now be supplemented by N-substitution, lactam cyclisation- or aza-amino scanning procedures addressing not only SAR considerations but also the peptide pharmacological properties. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the different scanning techniques currently available and illustrates how they can impact drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION Progress in peptide scanning techniques opens new perspectives for peptide drug development. It comes with the promise of a paradigm change in peptide drug design in which peptide drugs will be closer to the parent peptides. However, scanning still remains assimilable to a trial and error strategy that could benefit from being combined with specific in silico approaches that start reaching maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Eustache
- a INSERM UMR-S 973 , University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- b INSERM U982 , Regional Platform for Cell Imaging of Normandy (PRIMACEN), University Rouen-Normandy , Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Pierre Tufféry
- a INSERM UMR-S 973 , University Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France
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21
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Chingle R, Ratni S, Claing A, Lubell WD. Application of constrained aza-valine analogs for Smac mimicry. Biopolymers 2016; 106:235-44. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chingle
- Département De Chimie; Université De Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal; QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Sara Ratni
- Département De Pharmacologie; Université De Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal; QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Audrey Claing
- Département De Pharmacologie; Université De Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal; QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - William D. Lubell
- Département De Chimie; Université De Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal; QC H3C 3J7 Canada
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22
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Synthesis and alkylation of Aza-Gly-Pro building blocks of peptidomimetic libraries for developing prostaglandin F2α receptor modulators as therapeutics to inhibit preterm labor. Methods Mol Biol 2015. [PMID: 25616327 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2020-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Premature birth is a steadily increasing unmet medical need, for which new "tocolytic" agents are required to arrest contractions and delay labor. A peptide-based approach was developed to produce modulators of the prostaglandin F2α receptor as a novel target for tocolytic development. In this strategy, the solution-phase synthesis and alkylation of aza-glycyl-proline building blocks were key for the preparation of a series of modulators exhibiting biased signaling. An optimized method is now provided for making the aza-Gly-Pro unit with minimum side product, and alkylation of the unit is described to illustrate the library diversification step. Conditions have been reported for selectively unmasking the protecting groups at the N- and C-terminal of the aza-dipeptide unit and for its introduction into analogs that modulate the signaling of the PGF2α receptor. The merits of this protocol for azapeptide synthesis have thus been demonstrated by the synthesis of inhibitors of myometrial contraction exhibiting potential as prototypes for developing tocolytics to treat preterm labor.
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23
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24
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Boukanoun MK, Hou X, Nikolajev L, Ratni S, Olson D, Claing A, Laporte SA, Chemtob S, Lubell WD. Investigation of the active turn geometry for the labour delaying activity of indolizidinone and azapeptide modulators of the prostaglandin F2α receptor. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:7750-61. [PMID: 26090777 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00962f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
On pursuing molecules that delay labour, so-called tocolytics, the prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP) was targeted, because of its role in the stimulation of uterine contractions leading to birth and preterm birth. Previously, both the indolizidinone PDC-113.824 (5) and the aza-glycinyl-proline analog 6 were shown to delay labour in mice by modulating the FP function, likely by an allosteric mechanism, which features biased signalling. The crystal structure and computational analyses of the indolizidin-2-one amino acid and aza-glycinyl-proline components of 5 and 6 in model peptides have shown them to adopt a geometry that mimics ideal type I and II'β-turns. To elucidate the precise turn geometry for receptor recognition, analogs 1-4 have now been synthesized: macrocycle and pyrroloazepinone mimics 1 and 2 to mimic type I, and glycinyl-proline and d-alaninyl-proline analogs 3 and 4 to favour type II'β-turn geometry. Notably, transannular cyclization of peptide macrocycle 13 has provided diastereoselectively pyrroloazepinone 15 by a novel route that provides effective access to mimics 1 and 2 by way of a common intermediate. Among the four analogs, none exhibited efficacy nor potency on par with 5 and 6; however, d-alaninyl-proline analog 4 proved superior to the other analogs in reducing PGF2α-induced myometrial contractions and inhibiting FP modulation of cell ruffling, a response dependent on the Gα12/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Furthermore Gly-Pro analog 3 potentiated the effect of PGF2α on Gαq mediated ERK1/2 activation. Evidence that 4 adopted turn geometry was obtained by conformational analysis using NMR spectroscopy to characterize respectively the influence of solvent and temperature on the chemical shifts of the amide NH protons. Although mimicry of the type II' geometry by 3, 4, 5 and 6 may favour activity, distortion from ideal geometry by the indolizidinone and aza-glycinyl residues of the latter appears to enhance their biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem K Boukanoun
- Département de chimie, l'Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada.
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25
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Bourguet CB, Claing A, Laporte SA, Hébert TE, Chemtob S, Lubell WD. Synthesis of azabicycloalkanone amino acid and azapeptide mimics and their application as modulators of the prostaglandin F2α receptor for delaying preterm birth. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Premature birth (<37 weeks gestation) is the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity and has been steadily increasing worldwide. Towards the rational design of more effective therapeutic agents for inhibiting uterine contractions and prolonging gestation (a so-called tocolytic drug), our team has targeted the prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP) employing a peptidomimetic approach designed to provide modulators of this novel target. We identified first a lead peptide (PDC113) (1) based on the sequence of the second extracellular loop of FP on the basis that the loop itself might modulate receptor activation. Systematic study of the structure−activity relationships of 1 generated hypotheses concerning the conformation and side-chains responsible for activity that led to the synthesis of PDC113.31 (2), a potent all d-amino acid peptide, which has successfully completed Phase 1b clinical trials. Employing indolizidinone amino acids, peptide mimics were developed that served to probe the mechanism of FP modulation. For example, PDC113.824 (9) was shown to allosterically regulate FP activity contingent on the presence of prostaglandin F2α by a mechanism implicating biased signalling. Although attempts to understand the turn geometry responsible for the activity of 9 by replacement of its indolizidin-2-one moiety with other azabicycloalkanones failed to produce biologically active analogs, employment of aza-aminoacyl-proline analogs resulted in a series of FP modulators exhibiting distinct effects on different G protein-mediated signalling pathways. Our program has thus contributed novel probes for understanding the chemical biology of FP as well as new therapeutic agents with promise for inhibiting uterine contractions and preventing preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine B. Bourguet
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128. Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Audrey Claing
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128. Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Stéphane A. Laporte
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Terence E. Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - William D. Lubell
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128. Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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26
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Matsui H, Asami T. Effects and therapeutic potentials of kisspeptin analogs: regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Neuroendocrinology 2014; 99:49-60. [PMID: 24356680 DOI: 10.1159/000357809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic peptide kisspeptin (metastin), the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor KISS1R, plays a critical role in controlling GnRH release from hypothalamic GnRH neurons and thereby regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal functions. Although the therapeutic potential of kisspeptin is attractive, its susceptibility to proteolytic degradation limits its utility. To overcome this, KISS1R agonists or antagonists as peptide analogs or small molecules have been investigated. Kisspeptin analogs have been most extensively studied by reducing the length of the peptide from the original 54 amino acids to 10 amino acids or less and by substituting key amino acid residues. Also, 2 investigational kisspeptin agonist analogs have been evaluated in clinical studies in men; in agreement with animal studies, abrupt elevations in gonadotropin and testosterone levels were observed as an acute effect, followed by rapid reductions in these hormones as a chronic effect. Some studies of small-molecule KISS1R antagonists have also been published. In this review, we present a brief overview on kisspeptin/KISS1R physiology in reproductive functions and summarize the available knowledge of both agonists and antagonists. We also focus on the kisspeptin agonist analogs by summarizing key pharmacological findings from both clinical and preclinical studies, and discuss their potential therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Matsui
- Extra Value Generation and General Medicine Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
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27
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Rabong C, Schuster C, Liptaj T, Prónayová N, Delchev VB, Jordis U, Phopase J. NXO beta structure mimicry: an ultrashort turn/hairpin mimic that folds in water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01210k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An NXO building block derived tetrapeptide mimic emulates a natural proline-glycine β-turn/hairpin in polar media, including water at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Rabong
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Schuster
- Department of Environmental Geosciences
- University of Vienna
- A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tibor Liptaj
- Department of NMR and Mass Spectrometry
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
- Slovak University of Technology
- 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Nadežda Prónayová
- Department of NMR and Mass Spectrometry
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology
- Slovak University of Technology
- 81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vassil B. Delchev
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Plovdiv
- 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ulrich Jordis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaywant Phopase
- Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre (IGEN) & Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Biology (IFM)
- 58183 Linköping, Sweden
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28
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Avan I, Hall CD, Katritzky AR. Peptidomimetics via modifications of amino acids and peptide bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3575-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Garcia-Ramos Y, Lubell WD. Synthesis and alkylation of aza-glycinyl dipeptide building blocks. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:725-9. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yesica Garcia-Ramos
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - William D. Lubell
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville Montreal Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
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30
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Biswas S, Abo-Dya NE, Oliferenko A, Khiabani A, Steel PJ, Alamry KA, Katritzky AR. Oxyazapeptides: Synthesis, Structure Determination, and Conformational Analysis. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8502-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401234g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Biswas
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds,
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Nader E. Abo-Dya
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds,
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic
Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig-44519, Egypt
| | - Alexander Oliferenko
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds,
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Amir Khiabani
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds,
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Peter J. Steel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Canterbury,
Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Khalid A. Alamry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds,
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Jamieson AG, Boutard N, Sabatino D, Lubell WD. Peptide scanning for studying structure-activity relationships in drug discovery. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 81:148-65. [PMID: 23253136 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based therapeutics have grown in importance over the last few decades. Furthermore, peptides have been extensively used as lead compounds in the drug discovery process to investigate the nature of chemical space required for molecular recognition and activity at a variety of targets. This critical commentary reviews scanning techniques, which employ natural and non-proteinogenic amino acids to facilitate understanding of structural requirements for peptide biological activity. The value of sequence analysis by such methods is highlighted by examples, in which the elements for peptide affinity and activity have been elucidated and employed to prepare peptidomimetic leads for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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32
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Asami T, Nishizawa N, Ishibashi Y, Nishibori K, Nakayama M, Horikoshi Y, Matsumoto SI, Yamaguchi M, Matsumoto H, Tarui N, Ohtaki T, Kitada C. Serum stability of selected decapeptide agonists of KISS1R using pseudopeptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6391-6. [PMID: 22975302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastin/kisspeptin, a 54-amino acid peptide, is the ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor KISS1R which plays a key role in pathways that regulate reproduction and cell migration in many endocrine and gonadal tissues. The N-terminally truncated decapeptide, metastin(45-54), has 3-10 times higher receptor affinity and intracellular calcium ion-mobilizing activity but is rapidly inactivated in serum. In this study we designed and synthesized stable KISS1R agonistic decapeptide analogs with selected substitutions at positions 47, 50, and 51. Replacement of glycine with azaglycine (azaGly) in which the α-carbon is replaced with a nitrogen atom at position 51 improved the stability of amide bonds between Phe(50)-Gly(51) and Gly(51)-Leu(52) as determined by in vitro mouse serum stability studies. Substitution for tryptophan at position 47 with other amino acids such as serine, threonine, β-(3-pyridyl)alanine, and D-tryptophan (D-Trp), produced analogs that were highly stable in mouse serum. D-Trp(47) analog 13 showed not only high metabolic stability but also excellent KISS1R agonistic activity. Other labile peptides may have increased serum stability using amino acid substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Asami
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
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33
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Spiegel J, Mas-Moruno C, Kessler H, Lubell WD. Cyclic Aza-peptide Integrin Ligand Synthesis and Biological Activity. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5271-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300311q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Spiegel
- Department Chemie, Institute
for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale
Centre Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Carlos Mas-Moruno
- Department Chemie, Institute
for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department Chemie, Institute
for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty
of Science, King Abdulaziz University,
P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - William D. Lubell
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale
Centre Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Ottersbach PA, Schnakenburg G, Gütschow M. Induction of chirality: experimental evidence of atropisomerism in azapeptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:5772-4. [PMID: 22552375 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31161e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of the peptide bond in model azadipeptides leads to the E configuration and hence to atropisomerism due to a restricted rotation around the N-N axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Ottersbach
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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35
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Tal-Gan Y, Freeman NS, Klein S, Levitzki A, Gilon C. Metabolic stability of peptidomimetics: N-methyl and aza heptapeptide analogs of a PKB/Akt inhibitor. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:887-92. [PMID: 21824328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Linear peptides suffer from poor pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Peptidomimetics are designed to overcome these pharmacological drawbacks while maintaining the biological effects of the parent peptides. Aza-peptides, in which an alpha carbon is replaced with nitrogen, are promising peptidomimetic analogs; however, little is known about the stability of these analogs toward enzymatic degradation. We performed systematic aza and N-methyl scans of a PKB/Akt inhibitor, PTR6154. We evaluated the stability of the aza-scan and N-methyl scan libraries toward enzymatic degradation by trypsin/chymotrypsin. Our results indicate that the modification site is important for metabolic stability and that aza-peptides have a more global effect than N-methylation, affecting cleavage sites distant from the modification site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yftah Tal-Gan
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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36
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Bourguet CB, Goupil E, Tassy D, Hou X, Thouin E, Polyak F, Hébert TE, Claing A, Laporte SA, Chemtob S, Lubell WD. Targeting the Prostaglandin F2α Receptor for Preventing Preterm Labor with Azapeptide Tocolytics. J Med Chem 2011; 54:6085-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200608k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugénie Goupil
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montréal H3A 1A1, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Xin Hou
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal H3T 1C5, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Terence E. Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Stéphane A. Laporte
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montréal H3A 1A1, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal H3G 1Y6, Québec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal H3T 1C5, Québec, Canada
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37
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Abstract
Azapeptides are peptide analogs in which one or more of the amino residues is replaced by a semicarbazide. This substitution of a nitrogen for the α-carbon center results in conformational restrictions, which bend the peptide about the aza-amino acid residue away from a linear geometry. The resulting azapeptide turn conformations have been observed by x-ray crystallography and spectroscopy, as well as predicted based on computational models. In biologically active peptide analogs, the aza-substitution has led to enhanced activity and selectivity as well as improved properties, such as prolonged duration of action and metabolic stability. In light of these characteristics, azapeptides have found important uses as receptor ligands, enzyme inhibitors, drugs, pro-drugs, probes and imaging agents. Recent improvements in synthetic methods for their procurement have ushered in a new era of azapeptide chemistry. This review aims to provide a historical look at the development of azapeptide science along with a focus on recent developments and perspectives on the future of this useful tool for medicinal chemistry.
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38
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Freeman NS, Tal-Gan Y, Klein S, Levitzki A, Gilon C. Microwave-Assisted Solid-Phase Aza-peptide Synthesis: Aza Scan of a PKB/Akt Inhibitor Using Aza-arginine and Aza-proline Precursors. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3078-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102422x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noam S. Freeman
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yftah Tal-Gan
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shoshana Klein
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander Levitzki
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chaim Gilon
- Institute of Chemistry, and ‡Unit of Cellular Signaling, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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39
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Bourguet CB, Proulx C, Klocek S, Sabatino D, Lubell WD. Solution-phase submonomer diversification of aza-dipeptide building blocks and their application in aza-peptide and aza-DKP synthesis. J Pept Sci 2010; 16:284-96. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Rabong C, Jordis U, Phopase JB. NXO Building Blocks for Backbone Modification of Peptides and Preparation of Pseudopeptides. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2492-500. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902518r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Rabong
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Jordis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaywant B. Phopase
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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41
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Hetényi A, Tóth GK, Somlai C, Vass E, Martinek TA, Fülöp F. Stabilisation of Peptide foldamers in an aqueous medium by incorporation of azapeptide building blocks. Chemistry 2009; 15:10736-41. [PMID: 19746464 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anasztázia Hetényi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
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42
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Freeman NS, Hurevich M, Gilon C. Synthesis of N′-substituted Ddz-protected hydrazines and their application in solid phase synthesis of aza-peptides. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Bourguet CB, Sabatino D, Lubell WD. Benzophenone semicarbazone protection strategy for synthesis of aza-glycine containing aza-peptides. Biopolymers 2008; 90:824-31. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Boeglin D, Hamdan FF, Melendez RE, Cluzeau J, Laperriere A, Héroux M, Bouvier M, Lubell WD. Calcitonin gene-related peptide analogues with aza and indolizidinone amino acid residues reveal conformational requirements for antagonist activity at the human calcitonin gene-related peptide 1 receptor. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1401-8. [PMID: 17319653 DOI: 10.1021/jm061343w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists have potential for the treatment and prevention of disease states such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, migraine headache, pain, and inflammation. To gain insight into the spatial requirements for CGRP antagonism, three strategies were employed to restrict the conformation of the potent undecapeptide antagonist, [D31,P34,F35]CGRP27-37. First, aza-amino acid scanning was performed, and ten aza-peptide analogues were synthesized and examined for biological activity. Second, (3S,6S,9S)-2-oxo-3-amino-indolizidin-2-one amino acid (I2aa) and (2S,6S,8S)-9-oxo-8-amino-indolizidin-9-one amino acid (I9aa) both were introduced at positions 31-32, 32-33, 33-34, and 34-35, regions of the backbone expected to adopt turns. Finally, the conformation of the backbone and side-chain of the C-terminal residue, Phe35-Ala36-Phe37-NH2, was explored employing (2S,4R,6R,8S)-9-oxo-8-amino-4-phenyl-indolizidin-9-one amino acid (4-Ph-I9aa) as a constrained phenylalanine mimic. The structure-activity relationships exhibited by our 26 analogues illustrate conformational requirements important for designing CGRP antagonists and highlight the importance of beta-turns centered at Gly33-Pro34 for potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Boeglin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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45
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Lee HJ, Park HM, Lee KB. The β-turn scaffold of tripeptide containing an azaphenylalanine residue. Biophys Chem 2007; 125:117-26. [PMID: 16890344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2006.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The conformational preferences of azaphenylalanine-containing peptide were investigated using a model compound, Ac-azaPhe-NHMe with ab initio method at the HF/3-21G and HF/6-31G(*) levels, and the seven minimum energy conformations with trans orientation of acetyl group and the 4 minimum energy conformations with cis orientation of acetyl group were found at the HF/6-31G(*) level if their mirror images were not considered. An average backbone dihedral angle of the 11 minimum energy conformations is phi=+/-91 degrees +/-24 degrees , psi =+/-18 degrees +/-10 degrees (or +/-169 degrees +/-8 degrees ), corresponding to the i+2 position of beta-turn (delta(R)) or polyproline II (beta(P)) structure, respectively. The chi(1) angle in the aromatic side chain of azaPhe residue adopts preferentially between +/-60 degrees and +/-130 degrees, which reflect a steric hindrance between the N-terminal carbonyl group or the C-terminal amide group and the aromatic side chain with respect to the configuration of the acetyl group. These conformational preferences of Ac-azaPhe-NHMe predicted theoretically were compared with those of For-Phe-NHMe to characterize the structural role of azaPhe residue. Four tripeptides containing azaPhe residue, Boc-Xaa-azaPhe-Ala-OMe [Xaa=Gly(1), Ala(2), Phe(3), Asn(4)] were designed and synthesized to verify whether the backbone torsion angles of azaPhe reside are still the same as compared with theoretical conformations and how the preceding amino acids of azaPhe residue perturb the beta-turn skeleton in solution. The solution conformations of these tripeptide models containing azaPhe residue were determined in CDCl(3) and DMSO solvents using NMR and molecular modeling techniques. The characteristic NOE patterns, the temperature coefficients of amide protons and small solvent accessibility for the azapeptides 1-4 reveal to adopt the beta-turn structure. The structures of azapeptides containing azaPhe residue from a restrained molecular dynamics simulation indicated that average dihedral angles [(phi(1), psi(1)), (phi(2), psi(2))] of Xaa-azaPhe fragment in azapeptide, Boc-Xaa-azaPhe-Ala-OMe were [(-68 degrees, 135 degrees ), (116 degrees, -1 degrees )], and this implies that the intercalation of an azaPhe residue in tripeptide induces the betaII-turn conformation, and the volume change of a preceding amino acid of azaPhe residue in tripeptides would not perturb seriously the backbone dihedral angle of beta-turn conformation. We believe such information could be critical in designing useful molecules containing azaPhe residue for drug discovery and peptide engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jin Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131 Cheongryangri, Seoul 130-650, Korea
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46
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Ganesan R, Jelakovic S, Campbell AJ, Li ZZ, Asgian JL, Powers JC, Grütter MG. Exploring the S4 and S1 prime subsite specificities in caspase-3 with aza-peptide epoxide inhibitors. Biochemistry 2006; 45:9059-67. [PMID: 16866351 DOI: 10.1021/bi060364p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-3 is a prototypic executioner caspase that plays a central role in apoptosis. Aza-peptide epoxides are a novel class of irreversible inhibitors that are highly specific for clan CD cysteine proteases. The five crystal structures of caspase-3-aza-peptide epoxide inhibitor complexes reported here reveal the structural basis for the mechanism of inhibition and the specificities at the S1' and the S4 subsites. Unlike the clan CA cysteine proteases, the catalytic histidine in caspase-3 plays a critical role during protonation and subsequent ring opening of the epoxide moiety and facilitates the nucleophilic attack by the active site cysteine. The nucleophilic attack takes place on the C3 carbon atom of the epoxide and results in an irreversible alkylation of the active site cysteine residue. A favorable network of hydrogen bonds involving the oxyanion hole, catalytic histidine, and the atoms in the prime site of the inhibitor enhance the binding affinity and specificity of the aza-peptide epoxide inhibitors toward caspase-3. The studies also reveal that subtle movements of the N-terminal loop of the beta-subunit occur when the P4 Asp is replaced by a P4 Ile, whereas the N-terminal loop and the safety catch Asp179 are completely disordered when the P4 Asp is replaced by P4 Cbz group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Ganesan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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47
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Boeglin D, Xiang Z, Sorenson NB, Wood MS, Haskell-Luevano C, Lubell WD. Aza-scanning of the Potent Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Ac-His-d-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2. Chem Biol Drug Des 2006; 67:275-83. [PMID: 16629825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin pathway is an important participant in the regulation of skin pigmentation, steroidogenesis, obesity, energy homeostasis, and exocrine gland function. Melanocortin agonists contain the putative sequence 'His-Phe-Arg-Trp', which has been designated as the 'message' sequence for melanocortin peptides, and this sequence has been hypothesized to adopt a bioactive reverse turn conformation. Exploring the relationship between its structure and biological activity, we report the synthesis and evaluation of seven aza-analogs of the potent melanocortin receptor agonist Ac-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2. Aza-amino acids, in which the alpha-carbon was replaced by nitrogen, were inserted along the peptide sequence to probe the importance of local configuration and turn conformation on the biology of this tetrapeptide. Although systematic substitution of aza-amino acids for the D-Phe and Arg residues led to a significant loss of activity relative to the parent peptide for all melanocortin receptor subtypes examined, substitution of aza-amino acids at the C-terminal Trp residue gave analogs equipotent to the parent peptide. In summary, the aza-scan has demonstrated that recognition of this tetrapeptide by the melanocortin receptors is particularly sensitive to modifications of configuration and conformation at the D-Phe and Arg residues versus the Trp amino acid. In light of aza-residues imparting resistance from enzymatic degradation, C-terminal aza-amino acid analogs may be used to design new peptide mimics with enhanced metabolic stability.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aza Compounds/chemistry
- Aza Compounds/metabolism
- Aza Compounds/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Mice
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemical synthesis
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism
- Receptors, Corticotropin/genetics
- Receptors, Corticotropin/metabolism
- Receptors, Melanocortin/agonists
- Receptors, Melanocortin/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- D Boeglin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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48
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Song JW, Lee HJ, Choi YS, Yoon CJ. Origin of Rotational Barriers of the N−N Bond in Hydrazine: NBO Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:2065-71. [PMID: 16451044 DOI: 10.1021/jp055755c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrazine passes through two transition states, TS1 (phi = 0 degrees ) and TS2 (phi = 180 degrees ), in the course of internal rotation around its N-N bond. The origin of the corresponding rotational barriers in hydrazine has been extensively studied by experimental and theoretical methods. Here, we used natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and energy decomposition of rotational barrier energy (DeltaE(barrier)) to understand the origin of the torsional potential energy profile of this molecule. DeltaE(barrier) was dissected into structural (DeltaE(struc)), steric exchange (DeltaE(steric)), and hyperconjugative (DeltaE(deloc)) energy contributions. In both transition states, the major barrier-forming contribution is DeltaE(deloc). The TS2 barrier is lowered by pyramidalization of nitrogen atoms through lowering DeltaE(struc), not by N-N bond lengthening through lowering DeltaE(steric). Higher pyramidality of nitrogen atoms of TS2 than that of TS1 explains well why the N-N bond of TS2 is longer than that of TS1. Finally, the steric repulsion between nitrogen lone pairs does not determine the rotational barrier; nuclear-nuclear Coulombic repulsion between outer H/H atoms in TS1 plays an important role in increasing DeltaE(struc). Taken together, we explain the reason for the different TS1 and TS2 barriers. We show that NBO analysis is a useful tool for understanding structures and potential energy surfaces of compounds containing the N-N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Won Song
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 1 Anam-dong, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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49
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Löser R, Schilling K, Dimmig E, Gütschow M. Interaction of Papain-like Cysteine Proteases with Dipeptide-Derived Nitriles. J Med Chem 2005; 48:7688-707. [PMID: 16302809 DOI: 10.1021/jm050686b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 44 dipeptide nitriles with various amino acids at the P2 position and glycine nitrile at position P1 were prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. With respect to the important contribution of the P2-S2 interaction to the formation of enzyme-inhibitor complexes, it was focused to introduce structural diversity into the P2 side chain. Nonproteinogenic amino acids were introduced, and systematic fluorine, bromine, and phenyl scans for phenylalanine in the P2 position were performed. Moreover, the N-terminal protection was varied. Kinetic investigations were carried out with cathepsin L, S, and K as well as papain. Changes in the backbone structure of the parent N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-phenylalanyl-glycine-nitrile (16), such as the introduction of an R-configured amino acid or an azaamino acid into P2 as well as methylation of the P1 nitrogen, resulted in a drastic loss of affinity. Exemplarily, the cyano group of 16 was replaced by an aldehyde or methyl ketone function. Structure-activity relationships were discussed with respect to the substrate specificity of the target enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reik Löser
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kreuzbergweg 26, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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50
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Boeglin D, Lubell WD. Aza-Amino Acid Scanning of Secondary Structure Suited for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis with Fmoc Chemistry and Aza-Amino Acids with Heteroatomic Side Chains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:864-78. [PMID: 16283795 DOI: 10.1021/cc050043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aza-peptides, peptide analogues in which the alpha-carbon of one or more of the amino acid residues is replaced with a nitrogen atom, exhibit a propensity for adopting beta-turn conformations. A general Fmoc-protection protocol for the stepwise solid-phase synthesis of aza-peptides has now been developed based on the activation of N'-alkyl fluoren-9-ylmethyl carbazates with phosgene for coupling the aza-amino acid residues. This method has proven effective for introducing aza-amino acid residues with aliphatic (Ala, Leu, Val, and Gly) and aromatic (Phe, Tyr, and Trp) side chains. Acid promoted loss of aromatic side chains was noted with aza-Trp and aza-Tyr residues during peptide cleavage and suppressed by temperature control in the case of the latter. In addition, aza-peptides with heteroatomic side chain residues (Lys, Orn, Arg, and Asp) were conveniently synthesized using this protocol. Partial aza-amino acid scans were performed on three biologically active peptides: the potent tetrapeptide melanocortin receptor agonist, Ac-His-d-Phe-Arg-Trp-NH2; the growth hormone secretagogue hexapeptide, GHRP-6, His-d-Trp-Ala-Trp-d-Phe-Lys-NH2; and the human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP) antagonist, FVPTDVGPFAF-NH2. This practical procedure for aza-amino acid scanning using Fmoc-based solid-phase synthesis should find general utility for probing the existence and importance of beta-turn conformations in bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Boeglin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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