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Adawy A, Komohara Y, Hibi T. Tumor-associated macrophages: The key player in hepatoblastoma microenvironment and the promising therapeutic target. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:249-253. [PMID: 38923004 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment of hepatoblastoma (HB), the most common pediatric liver tumor, predominantly exhibits a myeloid immune landscape. in which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered the core component. The crosstalk between TAMs and HB cells markedly influences tumor behavior. TAM-derived factors are involved in tumor proliferation and vascular invasion. On the other hand, HB cell secretome attracts, stimulates, and reprograms TAMs to be immunosuppressive in favor of tumor invasion, rather than their innate role in combating tumor growth, such crosstalk sometimes forms bidirectional feedback loops, making the tumor more virulent and resistant to routine therapeutics. Consequently, TAMs are the common denominator of most suggested HB immunotherapeutic strategies. Macrophage immune checkpoint inhibitors, macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, and the novel chimeric antigen receptor macrophage therapy (CAR Mφ) are currently under trial. In this review, we will summarize the significance of TAMs and their potential role as a therapeutic target in HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Adawy
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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Du B, Yu R, Geng X, Li Y, Liu Y, Liu S, Li F, Yu Q, Guo Y, Xi X. The function of MSP-activated γδT cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110893. [PMID: 37669598 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting γδT cells are now recognized as a promising treatment method for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To date, no specific antigen or antigenic epitope recognized by γδT cells has been identified, limiting their application in the field of HCC treatment. Previously, we used an established screening strategy to identify a novel HCC protein antigen recognized by γδT cells called MSP. In this study, we explored the function of MSP activated-γδT cells in HCC. Results demonstrated that the proportions of γδT cells in the peripheral blood of HCC patients and the level of IFN-γ in the serum were higher than in healthy controls. We also determined that γδT cells can bind MSP protein. MSP-activated γδT cells were shown to contain a specific CDR3δ2 sequence that supports the recognition of MSP by γδT cells. We determined that MSP is highly expressed in HCC, MSP-activated γδT cells in the peripheral blood of HCC patients express co-stimulatory molecules, and MSP-activated γδT cells directly killed HCC cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the novel protein ligand MSP activated γδT cells, leading to the killing of HCC cells through direct and indirect mechanisms. These findings could provide a potential new target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC and a foundation for clinical treatment strategies in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Du
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Geng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yulin Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yirui Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Shuaitong Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Fangzhou Li
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - QingQing Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yang Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Xueyan Xi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
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Xi X, Guo Y, Zhu M, Qiu F, Lei F, Li G, Du B. Identification of new potential antigen recognized by γδT cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:1917-1927. [PMID: 33399933 PMCID: PMC10992768 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy based on gamma delta T (γδT) cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immunotherapy has attracted more and more attention. However, specific antigens recognized by γδT cells are rarely identified, which has become the main restriction on such therapeutic application of γδT cells. In this report, we identified a new peptide and protein antigen recognized by γδT cells in HCC using our previous established strategy. First, we investigated the diversity of the γ9/δ2 T-cell immunorepertoire by sequence analyses of the expressed complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) in HCC patients. Then, we constructed γ9/δ2 T-cell receptor (TCR)-transfected cell lines expressing significant HCC CDR3 sequence and identified a series of peptides capable of binding to γδT cells specifically. Next, we identified, further tested and verified the biological functions of these peptides and their matched protein by bioinformatics analysis. We identified that the new protein hepatocyte growth factor-like protein, also called as macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), and peptide HP1, not only bound to HCC-predominant γδTCR but also effectively activated γδT cells isolated from HCC patients. Moreover, they could stimulate γδT cells in peripheral blood from HCC patients to produce cytokines, which contributed to inhibiting HCC and played an important role in mediating cytotoxicity to HCC cell lines. In conclusion, we identified MSP and HP1, which showed potential as candidates for antigens recognized by γδT cells in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Xi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
- Department of Rheumatology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
| | - Yang Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Fen Qiu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Feifei Lei
- Department of Rheumatology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Boyu Du
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
- Department of Rheumatology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
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Jeong BC, Oh SH, Lee MN, Koh JT. Macrophage-Stimulating Protein Enhances Osteoblastic Differentiation via the Recepteur d'Origine Nantais Receptor and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway. J Bone Metab 2020; 27:267-279. [PMID: 33317230 PMCID: PMC7746481 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2020.27.4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP; also known as macrophage stimulating 1 and hepatocyte growth factor-like protein) has been shown to play a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and skeletal mineralization in zebrafish. However, the precise role of MSP in osteoblasts has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of MSP on osteoblast differentiation of pre-osteoblast cells. Methods Osteoblast differentiation upon MSP treatment was evaluated by analyzing the osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralized nodule formation. To assess changes in the MSP-RON signaling pathway, knockdown of Ron gene was performed using siRNA and pharmacological inhibitor treatment. Results Expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor RON, a receptor of MSP, was found to be significantly increased during osteoblast differentiation. MSP treatment significantly upregulated the expression of osteogenic marker genes and remarkably increased ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation. Conversely, knockdown of Ron significantly attenuated the expression of osteogenic marker genes and ALP activity that were induced upon MSP treatment. Mechanistically, MSP treatment significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK); however, additional treatment with the selective ERK inhibitor PD98059 attenuated the effect of MSP on osteoblast differentiation. Conclusions Altogether, these results indicate that the MSP-RON axis is involved in promoting osteoblast differentiation via activation of the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sin-Hye Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mi Nam Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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5
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Glasbey JC, Sanders AJ, Bosanquet DC, Ruge F, Harding KG, Jiang WG. Expression of Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Like Protein in Human Wound Tissue and Its Biological Functionality in Human Keratinocytes. Biomedicines 2015; 3:110-123. [PMID: 28536402 PMCID: PMC5344237 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines3010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
human keratinocyte model, may indicate a role for HGFl in active wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Glasbey
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University-Capital Medical University Joint Centre Biomedical Research, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
- Department of Wound Healing and Welsh Wound Innovation Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Andrew J Sanders
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University-Capital Medical University Joint Centre Biomedical Research, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - David C Bosanquet
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University-Capital Medical University Joint Centre Biomedical Research, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
- Department of Wound Healing and Welsh Wound Innovation Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Fiona Ruge
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University-Capital Medical University Joint Centre Biomedical Research, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
- Department of Wound Healing and Welsh Wound Innovation Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Keith G Harding
- Department of Wound Healing and Welsh Wound Innovation Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University-Capital Medical University Joint Centre Biomedical Research, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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6
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Clinical significance of serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) levels in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2327-33. [PMID: 24142532 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignant cancer of the liver in the world. This study was conducted to investigate the serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)in HCC patients and the relationship with tumor progression and known prognostic parameters. Fifty-four patients with HCC were investigated. Pretreatment HGF levels were employed the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique (ELISA). Age and sex matched 20 healthy controls were included in the analysis. The median age of the patients was 60 years (range 36-77 years); where males consistituted of majority of the group (88.8%). All of patients had cirrhotic history. Fourty-six percent (n = 25) of patients had Child-Pugh Score A, 30% (n = 16) had Score B or C. All of the patients were treated with local therapies but none of them received sorafenib. The baseline serum HGF levels were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in the control group (p < 0.001). Male patients had higher serum HGF levels compared with female patients (p = 0.01). Serum HGF levels were significantly higher in the patients with elevated serum ALT levels than others with normal serum ALT levels (p = 0.05). Poor performance status (p < 0.001), viral etiology of cirrhosis (p = 0.03), larger tumor size (p = 0.01), lower serum hemogloblin levels (p = 0.03), and not be treated for HCC (p = 0.001) related to worse survival. However, serum HGF did not have significantly adverse effect on survival (p = 0.58). Despite serum HGF levels were found diagnostic value, serum HGF levels had no prognostic value in patients with HCC.
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Othman MS, Aref AM, Mohamed AA, Ibrahim WA. Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 as Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Patients. ISRN HEPATOLOGY 2013; 2013:412317. [PMID: 27335826 PMCID: PMC4890868 DOI: 10.1155/2013/412317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been reported to be related to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical usefulness of serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 as biomarkers for HCC among high-risk patients. Materials and Methods. 80 individuals were enrolled in this study; they were categorized into 4 groups: group 1 healthy individuals (NC) (n = 20), group 2 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients (n = 20), group 3 cirrhotic patients (LC) (n = 20), and HCC group (n = 20). Using ELISA technique serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) were evaluated in all groups. Results. The mean serum levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in HCC than in LC, HCV, and NC groups (13.99 ± 1.80, 7.49 ± 0.43, 5.78 ± 0.74, and 2.57 ± 0.31), respectively (P < 0.05); also the serum levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in HCC compared with LC, HCV, and NC groups (13.69 ± 1.89, 7.37 ± 0.53, 5.18 ± 0.6, and 3.31 ± 0.42) (P < 0.05). We also found that the tumor size is correlated strongly with IL-6 and IL-10 levels (r = 0.925, P < 0.001; r = 0.821, P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion. The combination of those markers may help to identify a group of HCC patients with low AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Othman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 11787, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Aref
- Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 11787, Egypt
| | - Amal A. Mohamed
- Biochemsitry Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Fom El-Khalig, Cairo 11796, Egypt
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Liu T, Xue R, Dong L, Wu H, Zhang D, Shen X. Rapid determination of serological cytokine biomarkers for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma using antibody microarrays. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:45-51. [PMID: 21138899 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent tumors worldwide with an increasing incidence. The exploration of biomarkers for HCC is one of the main aims for improving the efficacy of diagnosis and treatment. The microarray technology provides a high-throughput platform for parallel exploration of biomarkers for clinics. In this study, we used antibody microarrays to screen the novel cytokine biomarkers of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC. Cytokine-secreting patterns in sera were determined from 109 cases including 43 HBV-related HCC patients, 33 chronic hepatitis B patients, and 33 normal controls by RayBio Biotin label-based human antibody array. The correlation analysis was performed with conventional clinical diagnostic biomarkers, including serum alanine aminotransferase, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and hepatitis B surface antigen. Our results showed that in HBV-related HCC group, which had the highest percentage of AFP positive (>20 ng/ml) ratio, six cytokines were found differentially expressed in HCC patients (P < 0.05), compared with either normal controls or chronic hepatitis B group. Two macrophage-related cytokines, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and macrophage-stimulating protein α (MSPα), displayed significant difference in the HCC group. Furthermore, an HCC diagnostic model for prediction was constructed, by which the combination of MDC and MSPα together with AFP had improved the diagnostic sensitivity from 60% (AFP alone) to 73.2% with similar specificity. Our results suggested that MDC and MSPα screened by antibody microarrays might serve as novel cytokines biomarkers for potential auxiliary diagnosis of HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Porta C, De Amici M, Quaglini S, Paglino C, Tagliani F, Boncimino A, Moratti R, Corazza GR. Circulating interleukin-6 as a tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2007; 19:353-8. [PMID: 17962206 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large amount of evidence suggests a possible role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied both IL-6 and A(1)FP in patients with HCC, non-neoplastic liver disease or in healthy controls. RESULTS IL-6 titers were four-fold higher in cancer than in cirrhotic patients and 25-fold higher than in healthy controls. As for alpha1-fetoprotein (A(1)FP) titers, the highest levels were observed in cancer patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis demonstrated that IL-6 is significantly more discriminant than A(1)FP, with 'optimal' cut-off values of 7.9 pg/ml (sensitivity = 0.83, specificity = 0.83, efficiency = 0.83). The ROC curves used to distinguish HCC from cirrhotic patients only, showed higher discriminant power of IL-6 versus A(1)FP titers, with a new cut-off value of 12 pg/ml (sensitivity = 0.73, specificity = 0.87, efficiency = 0.8). Discriminant analysis on HCC and non-HCC subjects yielded sensitivity, specificity and efficiency rates of 77%, 93% and 88%, respectively. The overall efficiency of the two tests combined was 82%. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 could be considered a promising tumor marker for HCC. In particular, the diagnostic value of the test is significantly increased when combined with A(1)FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Porta
- Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Matteo University Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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Vaughn CP, Crockett DK, Lin Z, Lim MS, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ. Identification of proteins released by follicular lymphoma-derived cells using a mass spectrometry-based approach. Proteomics 2006; 6:3223-30. [PMID: 16586435 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The recent advent of mass spectrometry-based methodologies for the analysis of complex protein mixtures opens new opportunities for the discovery of biomarkers that may aid in the diagnostic work-up of cancer. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common form of low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Western Hemisphere. Identification of tumor markers that facilitate early disease detection would be a significant advance in the management of FL. We have employed a strategy that entailed propagation of a follicular-derived cell line in serum-free media, protein extraction, and reverse-phase liquid chromatography, with subsequent electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry analysis for the identification of proteins that are released by FL. Using a two-peptide minimum per protein and standard criteria, 209 proteins (5.6% maximum predicted error rate) released from the FL cells were identified. The released proteins included several growth factors, cytokines, acute phase reactants and cellular components previously known to be present in FL cells. Importantly, a greater proportion of proteins previously unassociated with FL were identified with high statistical confidence. Our studies provide a list of proteins, which may be candidates for early screening, diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of patients with a suspected or biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecily P Vaughn
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Marchand J, Tanguy A, Charrier G, Quiniou L, Plee-Gauthier E, Laroche J. Molecular identification and expression of differentially regulated genes of the European flounder, Platichthys flesus, submitted to pesticide exposure. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2006; 8:275-94. [PMID: 16532367 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-005-0099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Effects of pesticide exposure on the European flounder, Platichthys flesus, were investigated using a suppression subtractive hybridization method (SSH) to identify up- and down-regulated genes after a 30-day exposure to herbicides (a cocktail of atrazine, diuron, and isoproturon, and a single herbicide, glyphosate). A total of 256 expressed gene sequences were identified as having the potential for being differentially expressed, of which 116 could be identified by homology with databased sequences. The metabolic functions with which they are associated include energy production, general metabolism, signaling, transport, immune system, and structure. Expression of 14 of these genes was analyzed in liver, muscle, and gills by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) under experimental conditions (0, 15, and 30 days of exposure) and under field conditions (sampling in two estuaries displaying different levels of pesticide contamination). This study provides a first basis for studying the response of fish to pesticide exposure and allows the characterization of new potential genetic markers of pesticide contamination in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marchand
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR-CNRS 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29280, Plouzané, France
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Kallen KJ, Galle PR, Rose-John S. New developments in IL-6 dependent biology and therapy: where do we stand and what are the options? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 8:1327-49. [PMID: 15992152 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.8.9.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a four-helical protein which, on target cells, binds to a specific IL-6-receptor and two molecules of the promiscuous signal transducing protein gp130. Structure-function analysis defined three molecular contact sites between IL-6 and its receptor subunits. Using this information, competitive antagonistic proteins as well as hyperagonistic proteins were developed. Possible therapeutic applications of IL-6 antagonists are in IL-6 dependent haematological disorders (Castleman's disease, POEMS syndrome, multiple myeloma) and bone diseases (Paget's disease, osteoporosis). Designer IL-6 antagonists could suppress inflammatory activity in rheumatic and autoimmune diseases and could prevent secondary amyloidosis. IL-6 antagonists could also prove advantageous in myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris. IL-6 antagonists might slow down development of (mesangioproliferative) glomerulonephritis. On the other hand, hyperagonistic variants of IL-6 have a potential in ex vivo expansion of bone marrow stem cells and as thrombopoietic agents. They might also be developed into drugs to support liver regeneration in vivo and to treat stress-induced cardiac insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Kallen
- Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung Pathophysiology Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 63, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Straub PF, Higham ML, Tanguy A, Landau BJ, Phoel WC, Hales LS, Thwing TKM. Suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA libraries to identify differentially expressed genes from contrasting fish habitats. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2004; 6:386-399. [PMID: 15546050 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-004-3146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2003] [Accepted: 12/10/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Suppression subtractive hybridization complementary DNA libraries identified differentially expressed genes in liver tissue of winter flounder collected from the highly impacted Raritan-Hudson estuary versus those from less industrialized estuaries farther south in New Jersey. Distinct transcript profiles emerged in the fish from these different habitats. A total of 251 clones from the forward (upregulated with anthropogenic impact) and reverse (downregulated with anthropogenic impact) subtracted libraries were sequenced. In the upregulated library immune response transcripts, including complement C-3, C-7, factor H, factor Bf/C2, differentially regulated trout protein 1, and the antimicrobial hepcidin, indicated the pollution-impacted fish were under a high viral or bacterial load. Transcripts for cytochrome P450 1A, P450 3A, and glutathione S-transferase, important components of phase I and II metabolism of xenobiotics, were found in the upregulated-with-pollution library. Vitellogenins I and II and egg envelope protein (zp) appeared to be downregulated. A homologue of the tumor suppressor p33(ING1) (down) and hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (up) may indicate liver damage or hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoma. These expression patterns, confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, indicate that transcript analysis is a useful method for assessing the health of local habitats and the organisms therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Straub
- Natural Sciences & Math, Richard Stockton College, Pomona, New Jersey 08240, USA.
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14
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Yoshida K, Nakamura H, Okuda Y, Enomoto H, Kishima Y, Uyama H, Ito H, Hirasawa T, Inagaki S, Kawase I. Expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor in hepatocarcinogenesis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 18:1293-301. [PMID: 14535987 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2003.03191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The present study investigated the expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in the liver during hepatocarcinogenesis in two rodent models. METHODS Expression of HDGF was analyzed using northern blotting and immunohistochemistry in the human and rodent models. RESULTS Hepatoma-derived growth factor was more highly expressed in HCC than in the adjacent liver in humans with hepatitis, as shown by northern blotting. Using immunohistochemistry with the specific anti-HDGF antibody, HDGF was more strongly and frequently expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of HCC cells than in the adjacent normal hepatocytes. Hepatoma-derived growth factor was also more strongly expressed in the tumors than in the adjacent fatty liver of fatty liver Shionogi (FLS) mice, than in the cirrhotic liver of choline-deficient amino acid feeding rats, as shown by northern blotting and immunohistochemistry. In the liver of FLS mice, HDGF expression increased gradually from the age of 24 weeks through to 52 weeks after birth, showing that HDGF expression was already increased at an early stage before tumor development. In the non-tumorous liver with fatty change, the foci expressing HDGF appeared at 24 weeks of age, which were the activated macrophage clusters with enhanced DNA synthesis and fat droplets. It is suggested that HDGF was secreted or released from these foci and stimulated hepatocyte proliferation in a paracrine manner in FLS mice, and stimulated the proliferation of hepatic tumor cells in an autocrine manner. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that HDGF plays an important role in the development or progression of HCC in humans and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Rampino T, Gregorini M, Soccio G, Maggio M, Rosso R, Malvezzi P, Collesi C, Dal Canton A. The Ron proto-oncogene product is a phenotypic marker of renal oncocytoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2003; 27:779-85. [PMID: 12766581 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200306000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The proto-oncogene product Ron is the receptor for macrophage stimulating protein, a scatter factor that stimulates cell proliferation, prevents apoptosis, and induces an invasive cell phenotype. We investigated the expression of Ron, Ki-67 (proliferation index), p53, and bcl-2 (proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins, respectively) in 50 renal tumors (19 clear cell carcinomas, 18 oncocytomas, 7 papillary cell carcinomas, 5 chromophobe cell carcinomas, and 1 carcinoma with sarcomatoid areas). In addition, we studied Ron in normal kidney and in the renal carcinoma cell line Caki-1. Immunostaining and Western blot showed Ron in normal kidney and in all oncocytomas but never in renal cell carcinomas or in Caki-1. In addition, Western blot showed that Ron was expressed in phosphorylated, i.e., active, form. Bcl-2 was strongly expressed in oncocytomas, whereas Ki-67 and p53 were much less expressed in oncocytomas than in carcinomas. These results indicate in Ron a marker that differentiates oncocytoma from the other renal epithelial tumors. We therefore think that Ron may prove to be a new tool for a sound and precise diagnosis of oncocytoma, a benign tumor that cannot always be distinguished from carcinomas at histologic examination. The overexpression of bcl-2, but not p53 in oncocytoma, suggests that the MSP/Ron system sustains the growth of oncocytoma by opposing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rampino
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo University, Milano, Italy.
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16
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Kallen KJ. The role of transsignalling via the agonistic soluble IL-6 receptor in human diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1592:323-43. [PMID: 12421676 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4889(02)00325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The activation of cells that do not express the membrane bound interleukin-6 6 receptor (IL-6R) by IL-6 and the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) is termed transsignalling. Transsignalling may be an pathogenetic factor in human diseases as diverse as multiple myeloma (MM), Castleman's disease, prostate carcinoma, Crohn's disease, systemic sclerosis, Still's disease, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. IL-6 and sIL-6R may directly or indirectly enhance their own production on endothelial or bone marrow stromal cells. Positive feedback autocrine loops thus created in affected organs may either cause or maintain disease progression. In autoimmune or vasculitic disease, the ability of the IL-6/sIL-6R complex to inhibit apoptosis of autoreactive T-cells may be central to the development of tissue specific autoimmunity. The anti-apoptotic effect of the IL-6/sIL-6R complex may be involved in tumour genesis and resistance to chemotherapy. Only in rare cases, where counterregulation has failed, there is a notable systemic effect of IL-6/sIL-6R. Appropriate animal models are necessary to establish the pathogenetic role of the IL-6/sIL-6R complex. A specific treatment option for diseases influenced by the sIL-6R could be based on gp130-Fc, a soluble gp130 (sgp130) linked to the Fc-fragment of IgG1. gp130-Fc has shown efficacy in vivo in animal models of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Josef Kallen
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Germany.
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17
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Rampino T, Collesi C, Gregorini M, Maggio M, Soccio G, Guallini P, Canton AD. Macrophage-stimulating protein is produced by tubular cells and activates mesangial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13:649-657. [PMID: 11856768 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v133649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now, hepatocytes have been the only known cell source of macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), and tissue macrophages have been the cells on which the biologic effects of MSP have been proved. To extend the understanding of the biologic meaning of MSP, it was investigated whether MSP operates in the kidney. MSP protein was evaluated by Western blot in supernatant of cultured human tubular cells (HK2) and human mesangial cells (HMC). MSP mRNA was investigated in HK2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of the MSP receptor, RON, was evaluated in HMC and HK2 by Western blot. RON mRNA was investigated in HMC by RT-PCR. The expression of MSP and RON in normal human renal tissue was studied by immunohistochemistry. HMC were stimulated with recombinant MSP (rMSP) and HK2 supernatant to study cell growth, migration, and the capacity to invade an artificial collagen matrix and synthesize interleukin-6 (IL-6). HK2 produced MSP and expressed RON in a form that was phosphorylated by rMSP. HMC expressed RON but did not produce MSP. MSP in HK2 supernatant and rMSP induced in HMC phosphorylation of RON, growth, migration, invasion, and IL-6 synthesis. In normal human kidney, tubules expressed MSP and RON. These results indicate a novel field of operation for MSP and suggest a pathogenic role of the MSP/RON system in renal disease. In fact, MSP released by tubular cells may recruit monocytes/macrophages in inflammatory tubulointerstitial disorders. In addition, MSP either circulating or as paracrine product may sustain glomerular mesangioproliferative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rampino
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Collesi
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
| | - Marilena Gregorini
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
| | - Milena Maggio
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
| | - Grazia Soccio
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Guallini
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Dal Canton
- *Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant, I. R. C. C. S. Policlinico San Matteo and University, Pavia, Italy; and Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Torino, Italy
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Goldenberg D, Ayesh S, Schneider T, Pappo O, Jurim O, Eid A, Fellig Y, Dadon T, Ariel I, de Groot N, Hochberg A, Galun E. Analysis of differentially expressed genes in hepatocellular carcinoma using cDNA arrays. Mol Carcinog 2002. [PMID: 11813304 DOI: 10.1002/mc.10027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by multiple somatic mutations, including DNA rearrangements, that affect many cell-growth regulatory pathways. Many genes differentially expressed in HCC have been reported previously, but the patterns of expression varied significantly between patients who bore different risk factors for HCC. To identify genes whose differential expression could serve as a "signature" for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC, we performed analyses of differentially expressed genes in three cases of HCC with different risk factors using the Atlas Human Cancer cDNA Expression Arrays. Among all 597 genes present on the array, only three were found to be coordinately differentially expressed in all three HCC cases, in agreement with published data. These three genes, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, osteonectin/secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, and matrix metalloproteinase 14, could serve as candidates for the HCC "signature." Ten genes were found to be coordinately differentially expressed in only two of three tested HCC cases. On the other hand, many genes that had been reported previously as differentially expressed in HCC failed to show the described pattern of expression in this group. The results of this study confirm the great variability in gene-expression patterns in HCC and establish the utility of the array technology for identifying both the HCC signature genes and individual gene-expression patterns for purposes of patient-oriented therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Goldenberg
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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