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Matard B, Donay JL, Resche‐Rigon M, Tristan A, Farhi D, Rousseau C, Mercier‐Delarue S, Cavelier–Balloy B, Assouly P, Petit A, Bagot M, Reygagne P. Folliculitis decalvans is characterized by a persistent, abnormal subepidermal microbiota. Exp Dermatol 2019; 29:295-298. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Matard
- Centre Sabouraud Hôpital Saint‐Louis Paris France
| | - Jean Luc Donay
- Service de Bactériologie Hôpital Saint‐Louis Paris France
| | - Matthieu Resche‐Rigon
- Biostatistics Unit, SBIM, Hôpital Saint‐Louis APHP Paris France
- ECSTRA Team INSERM U1153 Paris France
- Université Paris 7‐Diderot Paris France
| | - Anne Tristan
- CNR des Staphylocoques, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est INSERM U111 Lyon France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antoine Petit
- Service de Dermatologie Hôpital Saint Louis Paris France
| | - Martine Bagot
- Service de Dermatologie Hôpital Saint Louis Paris France
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Sheep mastitis Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm effects on cell adhesion and inflammatory changes. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Arshad N, Mehreen A, Liaqat I, Arshad M, Afrasiab H. In vivo screening and evaluation of four herbs against MRSA infections. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:498. [PMID: 29169369 PMCID: PMC5701375 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we reported high in vitro antibacterial efficacy of Althaea officinalis, Ziziphus jujuba, Cordia latifolia and Thymus vulgaris out of a total 21 plants against wide range of bacteria including MRSA. This study was therefore, designed to confirm efficacy of these four herbs against MRSA in an animal model. METHODS A pilot study was conducted to establish the dose of S. aureus (KY698020) required to induce clinical infection. Afterword, in main trial, efficacy of aforementioned plant extracts on the course of sore throat was checked by evaluating general health, gross lesion score, bacterial load and hematology in mice. RESULTS Pilot study revealed that 40 μl dose of 107 CFU/ml could induce infection which persist upto 08 days post infection. Mice treated with T. vulgaris and Z. jujuba showed reduction in gross lesion score of both heart and lungs. Treatment with only some plants could significantly decrease bacterial load of throat (T. vulgaris) heart, blood and joint (C. latifolia, and T. vulagris). Hematological indicators confirmed in vivo control of MRSA infection in all treatment groups except A. officinalis. CONCLUSION This is first report confirming in vivo anti-MRSA potential of C. latifolia and T. vulgaris and highlight the need to explore bioactive constituents of these plants. Moreover, previously reported in vitro antibacterial efficiency of A. officinalis could not be validated in current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najma Arshad
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Arifa Mehreen
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Humera Afrasiab
- Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Endovascular infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are linked to clonal complex-specific alterations in binding and invasion domains of fibronectin-binding protein A as well as the occurrence of fnbB. Infect Immun 2015; 83:4772-80. [PMID: 26416903 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01074-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endovascular infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus involve interactions with fibronectin present as extracellular matrix or surface ligand on host cells. We examined the expression, structure, and binding activity of the two major S. aureus fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPA, FnBPB) in 10 distinct, methicillin-resistant clinical isolates from patients with either persistent or resolving bacteremia. The persistent bacteremia isolates (n = 5) formed significantly stronger bonds with immobilized fibronectin as determined by dynamic binding measurements performed with atomic force microscopy. Several notable differences were also observed when the results were grouped by clonal complex 5 (CC5) strains (n = 5) versus CC45 strains (n = 5). Fibronectin-binding receptors on CC5 formed stronger bonds with immobilized fibronectin (P < 0.001). The fnbA gene was expressed at higher levels in CC45, whereas fnbB was found in only CC5 isolates. The fnbB gene was not sequenced because all CC45 isolates lacked this gene. Instead, comparisons were made for fnbA, which was present in all 10 isolates. Sequencing of fnbA revealed discrete differences within high-affinity, fibronectin-binding repeats (FnBRs) of FnBPA that included (i) 5-amino-acid polymorphisms in FnBR-9, FnBR-10, and FnBR-11 involving charged or polar side chains, (ii) an extra, 38-amino-acid repeat inserted between FnBR-9 and FnBR-10 exclusively seen in CC45 isolates, and (iii) CC5 isolates had the SVDFEED epitope in FnBR-11 (a sequence shown to be essential for fibronectin binding), while this sequence was replaced in all CC45 isolates with GIDFVED (a motif known to favor host cell invasion at the cost of reduced fibronectin binding). These complementary sequence and binding data suggest that differences in fnbA and fnbB, particularly polymorphisms and duplications in FnBPA, give S. aureus two distinct advantages in human endovascular infections: (i) FnBPs similar to that of CC5 enhance ligand binding and foster initiation of disease, and (ii) CC45-like FnBPs promote cell invasion, a key attribute in persistent endovascular infections.
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Bozic DD, Milenkovic M, Ivkovic B, Cirkovic I. Newly-synthesized chalcones-inhibition of adherence and biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:263-70. [PMID: 24948943 PMCID: PMC4059309 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation and adherence of bacteria to host tissue are one of the most important virulence factors of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The number of resistant strains is seriously increasing during the past years and bacteria have become resistant, not only to methicillin, but also to other commonly used antistaphylococcal antibiotics. There is a great need for discovering a novel antimicrobial agent for the treatment of staphylococcal infections. One of the most promising groups of compounds appears to be chalcones. In present study we evaluated the in vitro effect of three newly synthesized chalcones: 1,3- Bis-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propenone, 3-(3-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propenone and 3-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propenone on glycocalyx production, biofilm formation and adherence to human fibronectin of clinical isolates and laboratory control strain of MRSA (ATCC 43300). Subinhibitory concentrations of the tested compounds reduced the production of glycocalyx, biofilm formation and adherence to human fibronectin of all MRSA strains. Inhibition of biofilm formation was dose dependent and the most effective was 1,3- Bis-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-propenone. In our study we demonstrated that three newly-synthesized chalcones exhibited significant effect on adherence and biofilm formation of MRSA strains. Chalcones may be considered as promising new antimicrobial agents that can be used for prevention of staphylococcal infections or as adjunct to antibiotics in conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana D Bozic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy Belgrade Serbia
| | - Marina Milenkovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy Belgrade Serbia
| | - Branka Ivkovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy Belgrade Serbia
| | - Ivana Cirkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
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Cardas M, Khan NA, Alsam S. Staphylococcus aureus exhibit similarities in their interactions with Acanthamoeba and ThP1 macrophage-like cells. Exp Parasitol 2012; 132:513-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Staphylococcus aureus throat carriage is associated with ABO-/secretor status. J Infect 2012; 65:310-7. [PMID: 22664149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 30% of carriers, Staphylococcus aureus colonization affects exclusively the pharynx and occurs independently from its presence in the nares. This additional reservoir has implications for S. aureus transmission, infection, and decolonization. Host factors promoting colonization of the throat, however, are unknown. METHODS We determined pharyngeal and persistent nasal carriage of S. aureus, ABO histo-blood group and ABH secretor status phenotypes in 227 individuals. RESULTS Compared to group A/non-secretors, group O/non-secretor individuals were at increased risk of carrying S. aureus in their throat (OR 6.50, 95% confidence interval 1.28-33.03, P = 0.02) and group O/secretor individuals were protected (OR 0.24, 0.07-0.77, P = 0.02). Both associations became moderately stronger after adjusting for persistent S. aureus nasal carriage, which was found to be a risk factor for pharyngeal colonization in the univariable analysis (OR 2.41, 1.35-4.33, p = 0.003). Most simultaneous carriers (72%) had identical S. aureus genotypes in their nose and throat. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with in vitro studies that proposed a role of histo-blood group antigens as ligands for S. aureus and support their contribution to the observed population variation in nasopharyngeal S. aureus colonization. Based on their tissue specific expression histo-blood group antigens appear to modulate individual S. aureus colonization patterns.
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Kristoffersen AK, Ursin MM. MRSA-smitte og nære omsorgspersoner. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2012; 132:2595. [DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Schmidt V, Nuttall T, Fazakerley J, McEwan N. Staphylococcus intermedius binding to immobilized fibrinogen, fibronectin and cytokeratin in vitro. Vet Dermatol 2009; 20:502-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00804.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Costa AR, Henriques M, Oliveira R, Azeredo J. The role of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) in Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion to host tissues and subsequent antibiotic tolerance. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 28:623-9. [PMID: 19130107 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the role of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) in Staphylococcus epidermidis adhesion to host tissues and subsequent antibiotic tolerance. The adherence of S. epidermidis 1457 and the mutant defective in PIA production (1457-M10) to urinary epithelium and endothelium was estimated by colony counting. Minimum bactericidal concentration and mean reduction of cellular activity (XTT) following antibiotic exposure was determined for planktonic and adhered bacteria. S. epidermidis 1457 adhered to a greater extent to both cells than the mutant strain. The adhered strains had a significantly higher antimicrobial tolerance than their planktonic counterparts. The mutant strain was, in general, the most susceptible to the antibiotics assayed. In conclusion, PIA may influence S. epidermidis adherence to host tissues and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Initial adhesion may be the main step for the acquisition of resistance in S. epidermidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Costa
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
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Effect of bovine lactoferrin on the internalization of coagulase-negative staphylococci into bovine mammary epithelial cells under in-vitro conditions. J DAIRY RES 2009; 76:144-51. [PMID: 19121234 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029908003774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have emerged as bovine mastitis pathogens in many countries. CNS mastitis is generally mild but can persist in the udder for long periods. Pathogenesis of CNS intramammary infection is not well understood. In the present study, adhesion, invasion and intracellular replication of twenty-two CNS strains isolated from bovine mastitis and the effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) on the internalization were studied in vitro in a bovine mammary epithelial (BME) cell model. The CNS strains were of Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staph. simulans, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. haemolyticus and Staph. cohnii urealyticus; two strains of Staph. aureus were used as controls. Seven of the CNS strains originated from persistent and five from transient mastitis infections. The in-vitro susceptibility of the strains to bLf was also investigated. All CNS species examined had an adhesive ability equal to that of Staph. aureus, but internalization varied among staphylococcal strains. The antagonistic effect of bLf on the adhesion and invasion of CNS strains was weak, but bLf significantly decreased intracellular replication and replication rates of CNS. No correlation between the in-vitro susceptibility of the strain to bLf or internalization among clinical signs of mastitis was established. No difference between the persistent and transient CNS strains in adhesion, invasion or replication rate was recorded. This in-vitro BME cell model can be used to study the virulence potential of mastitis pathogens, although the severity and persistence of eventual infections shall be further investigated in vivo. The role of bLf in intramammary infection caused by CNS may be limited.
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Park WB, Lee JH, Jeon JH, Lee SJ, Kim SH, Kim NJ, Kim HB, Oh MD, Choe KW. Effect of tumor necrosis factor-α on intracellularStaphylococcus aureusin vascular endothelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 52:247-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wertheim HFL, Walsh E, Choudhurry R, Melles DC, Boelens HAM, Miajlovic H, Verbrugh HA, Foster T, van Belkum A. Key role for clumping factor B in Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization of humans. PLoS Med 2008; 5:e17. [PMID: 18198942 PMCID: PMC2194749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus permanently colonizes the vestibulum nasi of one-fifth of the human population, which is a risk factor for autoinfection. The precise mechanisms whereby S. aureus colonizes the nose are still unknown. The staphylococcal cell-wall protein clumping factor B (ClfB) promotes adhesion to squamous epithelial cells in vitro and might be a physiologically relevant colonization factor. METHODS AND FINDINGS We define the role of the staphylococcal cytokeratin-binding protein ClfB in the colonization process by artificial inoculation of human volunteers with a wild-type strain and its single locus ClfB knock-out mutant. The wild-type strain adhered to immobilized recombinant human cytokeratin 10 (CK10) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the ClfB(-) mutant did not. The wild-type strain, when grown to the stationary phase in a poor growth medium, adhered better to CK10, than when the same strain was grown in a nutrient-rich environment. Nasal cultures show that the mutant strain is eliminated from the nares significantly faster than the wild-type strain, with a median of 3 +/- 1 d versus 7 +/- 4 d (p = 0.006). Furthermore, the wild-type strain was still present in the nares of 3/16 volunteers at the end of follow-up, and the mutant strain was not. CONCLUSIONS The human colonization model, in combination with in vitro data, shows that the ClfB protein is a major determinant of nasal-persistent S. aureus carriage and is a candidate target molecule for decolonization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiman F L Wertheim
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Weir E, Lawlor A, Whelan A, Regan F. The use of nanoparticles in anti-microbial materials and their characterization. Analyst 2008; 133:835-45. [DOI: 10.1039/b715532h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Park WB, Kim SH, Kang CI, Cho JH, Bang JW, Park KW, Lee YS, Kim NJ, Oh MD, Kim HB, Won Choe K. In vitro ability of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bacteraemic patients with and without metastatic complications to invade vascular endothelial cells. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:1290-1295. [PMID: 17893163 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion of vascular endothelial cells is thought to be a critical step in the development of metastatic infections in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. This study was designed to evaluate the association between the ability to invade endothelial cells and metastatic infection by S. aureus. Patients with metastatic infection were identified among those with community-acquired S. aureus bacteraemia in a tertiary referral hospital. Patients with simple bacteraemia caused by S. aureus over the same period served as the control group. The ability of each clinical isolate to invade endothelial cells was evaluated by counting the number of intracellular organisms 1 h after inoculation onto human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. The cytotoxic activity of intracellular S. aureus was determined 24 h after internalization, and expressed as the percentage of cells killed. The clinical isolates varied in invasiveness and cytotoxicity. The median invasiveness, relative to S. aureus reference strain ATCC 29213, was 145 % in the cases (n=10) [interquartile range (IQR) 103-160] and 153 % (IQR 111-173) in the controls (n=11; P=0.44). The median cytotoxicity was 59.4 % (IQR 47-68) in the cases and 65.2 % (IQR 50-74) in the controls (P=0.44). Differences in the ability of S. aureus to invade and destroy vascular endothelial cells in vitro were not associated with the development of metastatic complications in patients with S. aureus bacteraemia. This implies that the invasiveness and toxicity of S. aureus for endothelial cells may not be major determinants of metastatic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Han Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-In Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Whan Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Wha Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Seon Lee
- National Institute of Health, Korea Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Seoul 122-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Don Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Bin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Won Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
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Zipfel PF, Würzner R, Skerka C. Complement evasion of pathogens: common strategies are shared by diverse organisms. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:3850-7. [PMID: 17768102 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases represent a major health problem. Based on the limited efficacy of existing drugs and vaccines and the increasing antibiotic resistance new strategies are needed to fight infectious diseases. A better understanding of pathogen-host interaction is one important aspect to identify new virulence factors and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory compounds utilized by pathogens represent an additional source for effective anti-inflammatory compounds. Complement forms a major defense line against invading microbes, and pathogens have learned during evolution to breach this defense line. The characterization of how pathogens evade complement attack is a rapidly developing field of current research. Pathogens mimic host surfaces and bind host complement regulators. Similarly pathogens utilize a number of complement inhibitory molecules which help to evade complement attack and which display anti-inflammatory activity. The molecular identification of these molecules, as well as the functional characterization of their roles at the pathogen-host interface is an important and emerging field of infection biology. In addition, pathogens utilize multiple sets of such regulators as redundancy and multiplicity is important for immune and complement evasion. Here we summarize the current scenarios of this emerging field which identifies multiple virulence factors and complement evasion strategies, but which at the same time reveals common mechanisms for immune and complement defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Zipfel
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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Lu YF, McEwan NA. Staphylococcal and micrococcal adherence to canine and feline corneocytes: quantification using a simple adhesion assay. Vet Dermatol 2007; 18:29-35. [PMID: 17222237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper a simple adhesion assay suitable for the assessment of bacterial adhesion to both canine and feline corneocytes is described. Using this assay Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus chromogenes were shown to adhere well to both canine and feline corneocytes. The numbers of adherent bacteria were, however, generally lower for feline corneocytes. Both Staphylococcus hominis and a Micrococcus species adhered poorly to canine and feline corneocytes. This is the first report documenting bacterial adhesion to feline corneocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Lu
- Division of Companion Animal studies, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Park WB, Kim SH, Cho JH, Bang JH, Kim HB, Kim NJ, Oh MD, Choe KW. Effect of salicylic acid on invasion of human vascular endothelial cells byStaphylococcus aureus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 49:56-61. [PMID: 17094786 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Invasion of vascular endothelial cells by Staphylococcus aureus is associated with diverse complications and recurrent infection. Little is known about the effect of salicylic acid, the major metabolite of aspirin, on the interaction between S. aureus and vascular endothelial cells. We examined the adhesion of S. aureus strain 8325-4 cultured with or without salicylic acid to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the ability of the strain to invade these cells. Strain 8325-4 cells grown in salicylic acid were significantly less adherent to and invasive in HUVECs. Production of cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 was lower from the HUVECs infected with clinical isolates of S. aureus cultured in salicylic acid compared with those unexposed to salicylic acid. This study raises the possibility of using salicylic acid as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in the treatment of S. aureus bacteremia to prevent its complications or recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Beom Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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McEwan NA, Kalna G, Mellor D. A comparison of adherence by four strains of Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus hominis to canine corneocytes collected from normal dogs and dogs suffering from atopic dermatitis. Res Vet Sci 2005; 78:193-8. [PMID: 15766937 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the adherence of four strains of Staphylococcus intermedius and a single strain of Staphylococcus hominis to corneocytes from both normal dogs and dogs suffering from atopic dermatitis. Cells from the skin surface, corneocytes, were collected from 10 normal dogs and 10 dogs suffering from atopic dermatitis. Four strains of S. intermedius, three isolated from canine pyoderma skin lesions (strains A, B and C), and one isolated form from canine synovial membrane sample from a case of septic arthritis (strain D) were compared. S. hominis, which is not normally associated with canine disease, was also evaluated for its ability to adhere to canine corneocytes. S. hominis did not adhere to canine corneocytes. All four strains of S. intermedius adhered well to canine corneocytes collected from both normal and atopic dogs. All strains of S. intermedius showed statistically greater adherence to corneocytes collected from atopic dogs compared with those collected from normal dogs. It was concluded that the adherence assay employed here showed that S. hominis does not adhere to canine corneocytes, S. intermedius adheres preferentially to atopic corneocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A McEwan
- Division of Companion Animals, Department of Verterinary Clinical Studies, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
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Shin PK, Pawar P, Konstantopoulos K, Ross JM. Characteristics of new Staphylococcus aureus-RBC adhesion mechanism independent of fibrinogen and IgG under hydrodynamic shear conditions. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 289:C727-34. [PMID: 15888554 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00034.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection begins when bacterial cells circulating in blood adhere to components of the extracellular matrix or endothelial cells of the host and initiate colonization. S. aureus is known to exhibit extensive interactions with platelets. S. aureus is also known to bind to red blood cells (RBCs) in the presence of plasma proteins, such as fibrinogen and IgG. Herein we report a new binding mechanism of S. aureus to RBC independent of those plasma proteins. To characterize the new adhesion mechanism, we experimentally examine the binding kinetics and molecular constituents mediating the new adhesive interactions between S. aureus and RBCs under defined shear conditions. The results demonstrate that the receptors for fibrinogen (clumping factor A) and IgG (protein A) of S. aureus are not involved in the adhesion. S. aureus binds to RBCs with maximal adhesion at the shear rate 100 s(-1) and decreasing adhesion with increasing shear. The heteroaggregates formed after shear are stable when subjected to the shear rate 2,000 s(-1), indicating that intercellular contact time rather than shear forces controls the adhesion at high shear. S. aureus binding to RBC requires plasma, and 10% plasma is sufficient for maximal adhesion. Plasma proteins involved in the cell-cell adhesion, such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, von Willebrand factor, IgG, thrombospondin, laminin, and vitronectin are not involved in the observed adhesion. The extent of heteroaggregation is dramatically reduced on RBC treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or neuraminidase, suggesting that the receptor(s) mediating the heteroaggregation process is a sialylated glycoprotein on RBC surface. Adhesion is divalent cation dependent and also blocked by heparin. This work demonstrates a new mechanism of S. aureus-RBC binding under hydrodynamic shear conditions via unknown RBC sialoglycoprotein(s). The binding requires plasma protein(s) other than fibrinogen or IgG and does not involve the S. aureus adhesins clumping factor A or protein A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyong Kyun Shin
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA
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Langley R, Wines B, Willoughby N, Basu I, Proft T, Fraser JD. The Staphylococcal Superantigen-Like Protein 7 Binds IgA and Complement C5 and Inhibits IgA-FcαRI Binding and Serum Killing of Bacteria. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:2926-33. [PMID: 15728504 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.5.2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins (SSLs) are close relatives of the superantigens but are coded for by a separate gene cluster within a 19-kb region of the pathogenicity island SaPIn2. rSSL7 (formally known as SET1) bound with high affinity (K(D), 1.1 nM) to the monomeric form of human IgA1 and IgA2 plus serum IgA from primate, pig, rat, and horse. SSL7 also bound the secretory form of IgA found in milk from human, cow, and sheep, and inhibited IgA binding to cell surface FcalphaRI (CD89) and to a soluble form of the FcalphaRI protein. In addition to IgA, SSL7 bound complement factor C5 from human (K(D), 18 nM), primate, sheep, pig, and rabbit serum, and inhibited complement-mediated hemolysis and serum killing of a Gram-negative organism Escherichia coli. SSL7 is a superantigen-like protein secreted from Staphylococcus aureus that blocks IgA-FcR interactions and inhibits complement, leading to increased survival of a sensitive bacterium in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ries Langley
- Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery and School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Pendrak ML, Yan SS, Roberts DD. Sensing the host environment: recognition of hemoglobin by the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 426:148-56. [PMID: 15158665 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Revised: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion to host cells and tissues is important for several steps in the pathogenesis of disseminated Candida albicans infections. Although such adhesion is evident in vivo and for C. albicans grown in vitro in complex medium, some adhesive activities are absent when cultures are grown in defined media. However, addition of hemoglobin to defined media restores binding and adhesion to several host proteins. This activity of hemoglobin is independent of iron acquisition and is mediated by a cell surface hemoglobin receptor. In addition to regulating expression of adhesion receptors, hemoglobin rapidly induces expression of several genes. One of these, a heme oxygenase, allows the pathogen to utilize exogenous heme or hemoglobin to acquire iron and to produce the cytoprotective molecules alpha-biliverdin and carbon monoxide. The specific recognition of and responses to hemoglobin demonstrate a unique adaptation of C. albicans to be both a commensal and an opportunistic pathogen in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Pendrak
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1500, USA
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Brouillette E, Talbot BG, Malouin F. The fibronectin-binding proteins of Staphylococcus aureus may promote mammary gland colonization in a lactating mouse model of mastitis. Infect Immun 2003; 71:2292-5. [PMID: 12654860 PMCID: PMC152093 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.4.2292-2295.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPs) of Staphylococcus aureus are believed to be implicated in the pathogen's adherence to and colonization of bovine mammary glands, thus leading to infectious mastitis. In vitro studies have shown that FnBPs help the adhesion of the pathogen to bovine mammary epithelial cells. However, the importance of FnBPs for the infection of mammary glands has never been directly established in vivo. In this study with a mouse model of mastitis, the presence of FnBPs on the surface of S. aureus increased the capacity of the bacterium to colonize mammary glands under suckling pressure compared to that of a mutant lacking FnBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Brouillette
- Centre d'Etude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne (CEVDM), Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 1500 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1K 2R1
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