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Mittal S, Mallia MB. Molecular imaging of tumor hypoxia: Evolution of nitroimidazole radiopharmaceuticals and insights for future development. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106687. [PMID: 37406518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Though growing evidence has been collected in support of the concept of dose escalation based on the molecular level images indicating hypoxic tumor sub-volumes that could be radio-resistant, validation of the concept is still a work in progress. Molecular imaging of tumor hypoxia using radiopharmaceuticals is expected to provide the required input to plan dose escalation through Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) to kill/control the radio-resistant hypoxic tumor cells. The success of the IGRT, therefore, is heavily dependent on the quality of images obtained using the radiopharmaceutical and the extent to which the image represents the true hypoxic status of the tumor in spite of the heterogeneous nature of tumor hypoxia. Available literature on radiopharmaceuticals for imaging hypoxia is highly skewed in favor of nitroimidazole as the pharmacophore given their ability to undergo oxygen dependent reduction in hypoxic cells. In this context, present review on nitroimidazole radiopharmaceuticals would be immensely helpful to the researchers to obtain a birds-eye view on what has been achieved so far and what can be tried differently to obtain a better hypoxia imaging agent. The review also covers various methods of radiolabeling that could be utilized for developing radiotracers for hypoxia targeting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Mittal
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Madhava B Mallia
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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2
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Li T, Wang J, Yang Y, Glide-Hurst CK, Wen N, Cai J. Multi-parametric MRI for radiotherapy simulation. Med Phys 2023; 50:5273-5293. [PMID: 36710376 PMCID: PMC10382603 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important imaging modality in the field of radiotherapy (RT) in the past decade, especially with the development of various novel MRI and image-guidance techniques. In this review article, we will describe recent developments and discuss the applications of multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) in RT simulation. In this review, mpMRI refers to a general and loose definition which includes various multi-contrast MRI techniques. Specifically, we will focus on the implementation, challenges, and future directions of mpMRI techniques for RT simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Radiation Physics, Division of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yingli Yang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong Univeristy School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- SJTU-Ruijing-UIH Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Carri K Glide-Hurst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ning Wen
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong Univeristy School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- SJTU-Ruijing-UIH Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The Global Institute of Future Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Abdel-Hameed M, Farrag NS, Aglan H, Amin AM, Mahdy M. Improving the tumor targeting efficiency of epirubicin via conjugation with radioiodinated poly (vinyl alcohol)-coated silver nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Synthesis, 99mTc-radiolabeling and in vivo evaluation of a new sulphonamide derivative for solid tumor imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07317-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Dareini M, Amiri Tehranizadeh Z, Marjani N, Taheri R, Aslani-Firoozabadi S, Talebi A, NayebZadeh Eidgahi N, Saberi MR, Chamani J. A novel view of the separate and simultaneous binding effects of docetaxel and anastrozole with calf thymus DNA: Experimental and in silico approaches. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117528. [PMID: 31718965 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA stands as the primary purpose of many anticancer drugs and according to the performed research on this field, some certain changes contain crucial functionalities in the regulated transcription of DNA. Therefore, the interaction between anticancer drugs and DNA play an important role in understanding their function and also provide a better groundwork for producing more efficient and newer drugs. Here, the interaction between Docetaxel (DO) and calf thymus DNA (ct DNA), in the presence and absence of Anastrozole (AN), has been examined through the usage of different methods that include isothermal titration calorimetry, multi-spectroscopic, viscometry, and molecular docking techniques. Interaction studies have been performed by preparing different molar ratios of DO with the constant ct DNA and AN concentration at pH = 6.8. The binding constants have been calculated to be 7.93 × 104 M-1 and 6.27 × 104 M-1, which indicate the strong binding of DO with ct DNA double helix in the absence and presence of AN, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters, which were obtained from fluorescence spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry, have suggested that the binding of DO and AN to ct DNA as binary and ternary systems have been mainly driven by the electrostatic interactions. The relative viscosity of ct DNA has increased upon the addition of DO and AN, which confirms the interaction mode. A competitive binding study has reported that the enhanced emission intensity of ethidium bromide (EB) and acridine orange (AO), in the presence of ct DNA, have been quenched through the addition of DO and Anastrozole as binary and ternary systems. As it is indicated by these findings, DO is capable of displacing EB and AO from their binding site in ct DNA; hence, it can be concluded that DO and AN are able to intercalate into the base pairs of ct DNA in binary and ternary systems. Molecular docking studies have corroborated the mentioned experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dareini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeinab Amiri Tehranizadeh
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Narges Marjani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Taheri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Atiye Talebi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar NayebZadeh Eidgahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saberi
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Jamshidkhan Chamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Azodyes as markers for tumor hypoxia imaging and therapy: An up-to-date review. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Van Nest SJ, Nicholson LM, Pavey N, Hindi MN, Brolo AG, Jirasek A, Lum JJ. Raman spectroscopy detects metabolic signatures of radiation response and hypoxic fluctuations in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:474. [PMID: 31109312 PMCID: PMC6528330 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is a standard form of treating non-small cell lung cancer, however, local recurrence is a major issue with this type of treatment. A better understanding of the metabolic response to radiation therapy may provide insight into improved approaches for local tumour control. Cyclic hypoxia is a well-established determinant that influences radiation response, though its impact on other metabolic pathways that control radiosensitivity remains unclear. METHODS We used an established Raman spectroscopic (RS) technique in combination with immunofluorescence staining to measure radiation-induced metabolic responses in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumour xenografts. Tumours were established in NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J mice, and were exposed to radiation doses of 15 Gy or left untreated. Tumours were harvested at 2 h, 1, 3 and 10 days post irradiation. RESULTS We report that xenografted NSCLC tumours demonstrate rapid and stable metabolic changes, following exposure to 15 Gy radiation doses, which can be measured by RS and are dictated by the extent of local tissue oxygenation. In particular, fluctuations in tissue glycogen content were observed as early as 2 h and as late as 10 days post irradiation. Metabolically, this signature was correlated to the extent of tumour regression. Immunofluorescence staining for γ-H2AX, pimonidazole and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) correlated with RS-identified metabolic changes in hypoxia and reoxygenation following radiation exposure. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that RS can identify sequential changes in hypoxia and tumour reoxygenation in NSCLC, that play crucial roles in radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Van Nest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, PO BOX 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Leah M. Nicholson
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Nils Pavey
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Mathew N. Hindi
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
| | - Alexandre G. Brolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO BOX 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6 Canada
| | - Andrew Jirasek
- Department of Physics, I.K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - Julian J. Lum
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, PO BOX 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
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Motaleb MA, El-Safoury DM, Abd-Alla WH, Awad GAS, Sakr TM. Radiosynthesis, molecular modeling studies and biological evaluation of 99mTc-Ifosfamide complex as a novel probe for solid tumor imaging. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:1134-1141. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1524945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Motaleb
- Labelled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina M. El-Safoury
- Labelled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa H. Abd-Alla
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science & Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehanne A. S. Awad
- Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer M. Sakr
- Radioactive Isotopes and Generator Department, Hot Labs Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University of Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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9
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Van Nest SJ, Nicholson LM, DeVorkin L, Brolo AG, Lum JJ, Jirasek A. Raman Spectroscopic Signatures Reveal Distinct Biochemical and Temporal Changes in Irradiated Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Xenografts. Radiat Res 2018; 189:497-504. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15003.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leah M. Nicholson
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Victoria Centre, Victoria, Canada
| | - Lindsay DeVorkin
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Victoria Centre, Victoria, Canada
| | | | - Julian J. Lum
- Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Andrew Jirasek
- I. K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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10
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Harder SJ, Isabelle M, DeVorkin L, Smazynski J, Beckham W, Brolo AG, Lum JJ, Jirasek A. Raman spectroscopy identifies radiation response in human non-small cell lung cancer xenografts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21006. [PMID: 26883914 PMCID: PMC4756358 DOI: 10.1038/srep21006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
External beam radiation therapy is a standard form of treatment for numerous cancers. Despite this, there are no approved methods to account for patient specific radiation sensitivity. In this report, Raman spectroscopy (RS) was used to identify radiation-induced biochemical changes in human non-small cell lung cancer xenografts. Chemometric analysis revealed unique radiation-related Raman signatures that were specific to nucleic acid, lipid, protein and carbohydrate spectral features. Among these changes was a dramatic shift in the accumulation of glycogen spectral bands for doses of 5 or 15 Gy when compared to unirradiated tumours. When spatial mapping was applied in this analysis there was considerable variability as we found substantial intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity in the distribution of glycogen and other RS spectral features. Collectively, these data provide unique insight into the biochemical response of tumours, irradiated in vivo, and demonstrate the utility of RS for detecting distinct radiobiological responses in human tumour xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Harder
- University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Martin Isabelle
- University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Lindsay DeVorkin
- BC Cancer Agency—Vancouver Island Centre, Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, 2410 Lee Ave., Victoria, British Columbia, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Julian Smazynski
- BC Cancer Agency—Vancouver Island Centre, Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, 2410 Lee Ave., Victoria, British Columbia, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Wayne Beckham
- University of Victoria, Department of Physics and Astronomy, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
- BC Cancer Agency—Vancouver Island Centre, Medical Physics, 2410 Lee Ave., Victoria, British Columbia, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Alexandre G. Brolo
- University of Victoria, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Julian J. Lum
- BC Cancer Agency—Vancouver Island Centre, Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, 2410 Lee Ave., Victoria, British Columbia, V8R 6V5, Canada
- University of Victoria, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Andrew Jirasek
- Mathematics, Statistics, Physics, and Computer Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
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12
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Quan S, Wang Y, Zhou A, Kumar P, Narain R. Galactose-based Thermosensitive Nanogels for Targeted Drug Delivery of Iodoazomycin Arabinofuranoside (IAZA) for Theranostic Management of Hypoxic Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1978-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Quan
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street
and 85th Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2G6, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yinan Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street
and 85th Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2G6, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aihua Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton T6G 1Z2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton T6G 1Z2, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ravin Narain
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, 116 Street
and 85th Avenue, Edmonton T6G 2G6, Alberta, Canada
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Motaleb MA, Abdel-Ghaney IY, Abdel-Bary HM, Shamsel-Din HA. Synthesis, radioiodination and biological evaluation of a novel phthalimide derivative. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Li J, Zhang G, Wang X, Li XF. Is carbonic anhydrase IX a validated target for molecular imaging of cancer and hypoxia? Future Oncol 2015; 11:1531-41. [PMID: 25963430 PMCID: PMC4976829 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of hypoxia is a general feature of most solid malignancies, and hypoxia is considered as one of major factors for anticancer therapy failure. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) has been reported to be an endogenous hypoxia marker, CAIX monoclonal antibodies, their segments and inhibitors are developed for CAIX imaging. However, growing evidence indicates that CAIX expression under hypoxia condition may be cancer cell lines or cancer-type dependent. Here we review the current literature on CAIX and discuss the advantage and limitation of CAIX as a target for tumor hypoxia imaging. Accordingly, CAIX would be unreliable as a universal target for cancer and tumor hypoxia visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Louisville, 530 S Jackson Street, CCB-C07, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Guojian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Louisville, 530 S Jackson Street, CCB-C07, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Louisville, 530 S Jackson Street, CCB-C07, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Zhou J, Wu K, Gao D, Zhu G, Wu D, Wang X, Chen Y, Du Y, Song W, Ma Z, Authement C, Saha D, Hsieh JT, He D. Reciprocal regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α and GLI1 expression associated with the radioresistance of renal cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 90:942-51. [PMID: 25585786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is often considered a radioresistant tumor, but the molecular mechanism underlying its radioresistance is poorly understood. This study explored the roles of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) and sonic hedgehog (SHH)-GLI1 signaling in mediating the radioresistance of RCC cells and to unveil the interaction between these 2 signaling pathways. METHODS AND MATERIALS The activities of SHH-GLI1 signaling pathway under normoxia and hypoxia in RCC cells were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and luciferase reporter assay. The expression of HIF2α and GLI1 in RCC patients was examined by immunohistochemistry, and their correlation was analyzed. Furthermore, RCC cells were treated with HIF2α-specific shRNA (sh-HIF2α), GLI1 inhibitor GANT61, or a combination to determine the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on RCC cells based on clonogenic assay and double-strand break repair assay. RESULTS RCC cells exhibited elevated SHH-GLI1 activities under hypoxia, which was mediated by HIF2α. Hypoxia induced GLI1 activation through SMO-independent pathways that could be ablated by PI3K inhibitor or MEK inhibitor. Remarkably, the SHH-GLI1 pathway also upregulated HIF2α expression in normoxia. Apparently, there was a positive correlation between HIF2α and GLI1 expression in RCC patients. The combination of sh-HIF2α and GLI1 inhibitor significantly sensitized RCC cells to IR. CONCLUSIONS Cross-talk between the HIF2α and SHH-GLI1 pathways was demonstrated in RCC. Cotargeting these 2 pathways, significantly sensitizing RCC cells to IR, provides a novel strategy for RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Urology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dexuan Gao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated with Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Guodong Zhu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dapeng Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yule Chen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuefeng Du
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenbin Song
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenkun Ma
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Craig Authement
- Department of Urology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Debabrata Saha
- Department of Urology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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16
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Radioiodinated anastrozole and epirubicin as potential targeting radiopharmaceuticals for solid tumor imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Formulation and preclinical evaluation of 99mTc–gemcitabine as a novel radiopharmaceutical for solid tumor imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Yasser M, Shaikh R, Chilakapati MK, Teni T. Raman spectroscopic study of radioresistant oral cancer sublines established by fractionated ionizing radiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97777. [PMID: 24841281 PMCID: PMC4026477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for oral cancer. However, development of radioresistance is a major hurdle in the efficacy of radiotherapy in oral cancer patients. Identifying predictors of radioresistance is a challenging task and has met with little success. The aim of the present study was to explore the differential spectral profiles of the established radioresistant sublines and parental oral cancer cell lines by Raman spectroscopy. We have established radioresistant sublines namely, 50Gy-UPCI:SCC029B and 70Gy-UPCI:SCC029B from its parental UPCI:SCC029B cell line, by using clinically admissible 2Gy fractionated ionizing radiation (FIR). The developed radioresistant character was validated by clonogenic cell survival assay and known radioresistance-related protein markers like Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Cox-2 and Survivin. Altered cellular morphology with significant increase (p<0.001) in the number of filopodia in radioresistant cells with respect to parental cells was observed. The Raman spectra of parental UPCI:SCC029B, 50Gy-UPCI:SCC029B and 70Gy-UPCI:SCC029B cells were acquired and spectral features indicate possible differences in biomolecules like proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Principal component analysis (PCA) provided three clusters corresponding to radioresistant 50Gy, 70Gy-UPCI:SCC029B sublines and parental UPCI:SCC029B cell line with minor overlap, which suggest altered molecular profile acquired by the radioresistant cells due to multiple doses of irradiation. The findings of this study support the potential of Raman spectroscopy in prediction of radioresistance and possibly contribute to better prognosis of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Yasser
- KS-121, Teni Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar-Node, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rubina Shaikh
- KS-04, Chilakapati Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar-Node, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Murali Krishna Chilakapati
- KS-04, Chilakapati Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar-Node, Navi Mumbai, India
- * E-mail: (MKC); (TT)
| | - Tanuja Teni
- KS-121, Teni Laboratory, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar-Node, Navi Mumbai, India
- * E-mail: (MKC); (TT)
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Arterial perfusion imaging-defined subvolume of intrahepatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 89:167-74. [PMID: 24613814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether an increase in a subvolume of intrahepatic tumor with elevated arterial perfusion during radiation therapy (RT) predicts tumor progression after RT. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty patients with unresectable intrahepatic cancers undergoing RT were enrolled in a prospective, institutional review board-approved study. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was performed before RT (pre-RT), after delivering ∼60% of the planned dose (mid-RT) and 1 month after completion of RT to quantify hepatic arterial perfusion. The arterial perfusions of the tumors at pre-RT were clustered into low-normal and elevated perfusion by a fuzzy clustering-based method, and the tumor subvolumes with elevated arterial perfusion were extracted from the hepatic arterial perfusion images. The percentage changes in the tumor subvolumes and means of arterial perfusion over the tumors from pre-RT to mid-RT were evaluated for predicting tumor progression post-RT. RESULTS Of the 24 tumors, 6 tumors in 5 patients progressed 5 to 21 months after RT completion. Neither tumor volumes nor means of tumor arterial perfusion at pre-RT were predictive of treatment outcome. The mean arterial perfusion over the tumors increased significantly at mid-RT in progressive tumors compared with the responsive tumors (P=.006). From pre-RT to mid-RT, the responsive tumors had a decrease in the tumor subvolumes with elevated arterial perfusion (median, -14%; range, -75% to 65%), whereas the progressive tumors had an increase of the subvolumes (median, 57%; range, -7% to 165%) (P=.003). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the percentage change in the subvolume for predicting tumor progression post-RT had an area under the curve of 0.90. CONCLUSION The increase in the subvolume of the intrahepatic tumor with elevated arterial perfusion during RT has the potential to be a predictor for tumor progression post-RT. The tumor subvolume could be a radiation boost candidate for response-driven adaptive RT.
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Grépin R, Guyot M, Giuliano S, Boncompagni M, Ambrosetti D, Chamorey E, Scoazec JY, Negrier S, Simonnet H, Pagès G. The CXCL7/CXCR1/2 axis is a key driver in the growth of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2013; 74:873-83. [PMID: 24335961 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau gene upregulate expression of the central angiogenic factor VEGF, which drives abnormal angiogenesis in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). However, the overexpression of VEGF in these tumors was not found to correlate with overall survival. Here, we show that the proangiogenic, proinflammatory cytokine CXCL7 is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in this setting. CXCL7 antibodies strongly reduced the growth of ccRCC tumors in nude mice. Conversely, conditional overexpression of CXCL7 accelerated ccRCC development. CXCL7 promoted cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro, in which expression of CXCL7 was induced by the central proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β. ccRCC cells normally secrete low amounts of CXCL7; it was more highly expressed in tumors due to high levels of IL-1β there. We found that a pharmacological inhibitor of the CXCL7 receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 (SB225002) was sufficient to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation and ccRCC growth. Because CXCR1 and CXCR2 are present on both endothelial and ccRCC cells, their inhibition affected both the tumor vasculature and the proliferation of tumor cells. Our results highlight the CXCL7/CXCR1/CXCR2 axis as a pertinent target for the treatment of ccRCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Mice
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Phenylurea Compounds/administration & dosage
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- beta-Thromboglobulin/antagonists & inhibitors
- beta-Thromboglobulin/genetics
- beta-Thromboglobulin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Grépin
- Authors' Affiliations: University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR CNRS 7284/U INSERM 1081; Department of Anatomo Pathology, Nice University Hospital, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis; Department of Statistics, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice; University Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5286/U INSERM 1052, Lyon, France; and Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco
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Shim BY, Jung JH, Lee KM, Kim HJ, Hong SH, Kim SH, Sun DS, Cho HM. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) of anaerobic glycolysis as predictive and prognostic values in neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and laparoscopic surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013; 28:375-83. [PMID: 22847606 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-012-1542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the relationships between biomarkers related to anaerobic glycolytic metabolism (GLUT1, LDH5, PDK1, and HIF-1α proteins), pathologic response, and prognosis. METHODS All stage II and stage III rectal cancer patients had 50.4 Gy (1.8 Gy/day in 28 fractions) over 5.5 weeks, plus 5-fluorouracil (425 mg/m(2)/day) and leucovorin (20 mg/m(2)/day) bolus on days 1 to 5 and 29 to 33, and surgery was performed at 7 to 10 weeks after completion of all therapies. Expression of GLUT1, LDH5, PDK1, and HIF-1α proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry and was assessed in 104 patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. RESULTS This study included stage II and III rectal cancer patients, and each stage accounted for each 50 % of the total cases. A high expression of GLUT1 protein was associated with a significantly lower rate of ypCR compared with low expression of GLUT1 protein (4.0 % vs. 27.8 %, respectively; p = 0.012). GLUT1 expression was also significantly higher in the poor response group (Grade 0, 1) than in the good response group (Grade 2, 3) (34.0 % vs. 14.8 %, respectively; p = 0.022). In recurrence analysis, the expression of GLUT1 protein demonstrated a significant correlation with time to recurrence, based on a log-rank method (p = 0.016). When analyzed by multiple Cox regression, the positive expression of GLUT1 was the most significant and independent unfavorable prognostic factor (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS GLUT1 expression is a predictive and prognostic factor for pathologic complete response and recurrence in rectal cancer patients treated with 5-flurouracil and leucovorin neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Yong Shim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, South Korea
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22
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McKeage MJ, Jameson MB, Ramanathan RK, Rajendran J, Gu Y, Wilson WR, Melink TJ, Tchekmedyian NS. PR-104 a bioreductive pre-prodrug combined with gemcitabine or docetaxel in a phase Ib study of patients with advanced solid tumours. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:496. [PMID: 23098625 PMCID: PMC3495895 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this phase Ib clinical trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of PR-104 a bioreductive pre-prodrug given in combination with gemcitabine or docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumours. Methods PR-104 was administered as a one-hour intravenous infusion combined with docetaxel 60 to 75 mg/m2 on day one given with or without granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on day two or administrated with gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 on days one and eight, of a 21-day treatment cycle. Patients were assigned to one of ten PR-104 dose-levels ranging from 140 to 1100 mg/m2 and to one of four combination groups. Pharmacokinetic studies were scheduled for cycle one day one and 18F fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) positron emission tomography hypoxia imaging at baseline and after two treatment cycles. Results Forty two patients (23 females and 19 males) were enrolled with ages ranging from 27 to 85 years and a wide range of advanced solid tumours. The MTD of PR-104 was 140 mg/m2 when combined with gemcitabine, 200 mg/m2 when combined with docetaxel 60 mg/m2, 770 mg/m2 when combined with docetaxel 60 mg/m2 plus G-CSF and ≥770 mg/m2 when combined with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 plus G-CSF. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) across all four combination settings included thrombocytopenia, neutropenic fever and fatigue. Other common grade three or four toxicities included neutropenia, anaemia and leukopenia. Four patients had partial tumour response. Eleven of 17 patients undergoing FMISO scans showed tumour hypoxia at baseline. Plasma pharmacokinetics of PR-104, its metabolites (alcohol PR-104A, glucuronide PR-104G, hydroxylamine PR-104H, amine PR-104M and semi-mustard PR-104S1), docetaxel and gemcitabine were similar to that of their single agents. Conclusions Combination of PR-104 with docetaxel or gemcitabine caused dose-limiting and severe myelotoxicity, but prophylactic G-CSF allowed PR-104 dose escalation with docetaxel. Dose-limiting thrombocytopenia prohibited further evaluation of the PR104-gemcitabine combination. A recommended dose was identified for phase II trials of PR-104 of 770 mg/m2 combined with docetaxel 60 to 75 mg/m2 both given on day one of a 21-day treatment cycle supported by prophylactic G-CSF (NCT00459836).
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Wagh NK, Zhou Z, Ogbomo SM, Shi W, Brusnahan SK, Garrison JC. Development of hypoxia enhanced 111In-labeled Bombesin conjugates: design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation in PC-3 human prostate cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:527-37. [PMID: 22296619 DOI: 10.1021/bc200600w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (BB2r) has shown great promise for tumor targeting due to the increase of the receptor expression in a variety of human cancers including prostate, breast, small-cell lung, and pancreatic cancer. From clinical investigations, prostate cancer has been shown to be among the most hypoxic of the cancers investigated. Many solid tumors contain regions of hypoxia due to poor organization and efficiency of the vasculature. However, hypoxia is typically not present in normal tissue. Nitroimidazoles, a thoroughly investigated class of hypoxia selective drugs, have been shown to be highly retained in hypoxic tissues. The purpose of this study is to determine if the incorporation of hypoxia trapping moieties into the structural paradigm of BB2r-targeted peptides will increase the retention time of the agents in prostate cancer tumors. The present work involves the design, syntheses, purification, and in vitro investigation of hypoxia enhanced (111)In-BB2r-targeted radioconjugates. A total of four BB2r-targeted conjugates (1-4) were synthesized and coupled with increasing numbers of 2-nitroimidazoles, a hypoxia trapping moiety. Conjugates were radiolabeled with (111)In and purified by HPLC prior to in vitro studies. Receptor saturation assays under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions showed that the BB2r receptor expression on the PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line was not significantly affected by oxygen levels. Competitive binding assays revealed that incorporation of 2-nitroimidazoles had a detrimental effect to BB2r binding when adequate spacer groups, between the hypoxia trapping agent and the pharmacophore, were not employed. All of the 2-nitroimidazole containing BB2r-targeted agents exhibited significantly higher longitudinal retention in PC-3 cells under hypoxic conditions compared to the analogous normoxic studies. Protein association analysis revealed a 3-fold increase in binding of a 2-nitroimidazole containing BB2r-targeted agent under hypoxic relative to normoxic conditions. The positive nature of these results indicate that further exploration into the potential of hypoxia selective trapping agents for BB2r-targeted agents, as well as other targeted compounds, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh K Wagh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Splith K, Bergmann R, Pietzsch J, Neundorf I. Specific targeting of hypoxic tumor tissue with nitroimidazole-peptide conjugates. ChemMedChem 2011; 7:57-61. [PMID: 21956822 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Splith
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Pharmazie und Psychologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Apte S, Chin FT, Graves EE. Molecular Imaging of Hypoxia: Strategies for Probe Design and Application. Curr Org Synth 2011; 8:593-603. [PMID: 22347839 DOI: 10.2174/157017911796117179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor and its precise imaging is of great relevance to therapy planning. The present review summarizes various strategies of probe design for imaging hypoxia with a variety of techniques such as PET, SPECT and fluorescence imaging. Synthesis of some important probes that are used for preclinical and clinical imaging and their mechanism of binding in hypoxia are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Apte
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiation of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Wang X, Jacobs MA, Fayad L. Therapeutic response in musculoskeletal soft tissue sarcomas: evaluation by MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:750-63. [PMID: 21793077 PMCID: PMC3150732 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a literature review of the use of MRI in monitoring the treatment response of soft tissue sarcomas. The basic classification and physiology of soft tissue tumors are introduced. Then, the major treatment options for soft tissue sarcomas are summarized with brief coverage of possible responses and grading systems. Four major branches of MRI techniques are covered, including conventional T(1) - and T(2) -weighted imaging, contrast-enhanced MRI, MR diffusion and perfusion imaging, and MRS, with a focus on the tumor microenvironment. Although this literature survey focuses on recent clinical developments using these MRI techniques, research venues in preclinical studies, as well as in potential applications other than soft tissue sarcomas, are also included when comparable and/or mutually supporting. Examples from other less-discussed MRI modalities are also briefly covered, not only to complement, but also to expand, the scope and depth of information for various kinds of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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The biological characterization of 99mTc-BnAO-NI as a SPECT probe for imaging hypoxia in a sarcoma-bearing mouse model. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:649-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Wahl RL, Herman JM, Ford E. The promise and pitfalls of positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography molecular imaging-guided radiation therapy. Semin Radiat Oncol 2011; 21:88-100. [PMID: 21356477 PMCID: PMC4337868 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
External beam radiation therapy procedures have, until recently, been planned almost exclusively using anatomic imaging methods. Molecular imaging using hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography scanning or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging has provided new insights into the precise location of tumors (staging) and the extent and character of the biologically active tumor volume (BTV) and has provided differential response information during and after therapy. In addition to the commonly used radiotracer (18)F-fluoro- 2-deoxyD-glucose (FDG), additional radiopharmaceuticals are being explored to image major physiological processes as well as tumor biological properties, such as hypoxia, proliferation, amino acid accumulation, apoptosis, and receptor expression, providing the potential to target or boost the radiation dose to a biologically relevant region within a tumor, such as the most hypoxic or most proliferative area. Imaging using SPECT agents has furthered the possibility of limiting dose to functional normal tissues. PET can also portray the distribution of particle therapy by displaying activated species in situ. With both PET and SPECT imaging, fundamental physical issues of limited spatial resolution relative to the biological process, partial volume effects for quantification of small volumes, image misregistration, motion, and edge delineation must be carefully considered and can differ by agent or the method applied. Molecular imaging-guided radiation therapy (MIGRT) is a rapidly evolving and promising area of investigation and clinical translation. As MIGRT evolves, evidence must continue to be gathered to support improved clinical outcomes using MIGRT versus purely anatomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Wahl
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Vigneswaran N, Wu J, Song A, Annapragada A, Zacharias W. Hypoxia-induced autophagic response is associated with aggressive phenotype and elevated incidence of metastasis in orthotopic immunocompetent murine models of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 90:215-25. [PMID: 21236253 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia confers resistance to chemoradiation therapy and promotes metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). We investigated the effects of hypoxia in tumor phenotype using immunocompetent murine HNSCC models. Balb/c mice were injected intraorally with murine squamous cell carcinoma cells LY-2 and B4B8. Intratumoral hypoxia fraction was evaluated by the immunohistochemical detection of hypoxic probe pimonidazole and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). Tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy in hypoxic areas of these tumors were examined immunohistochemically. Hypoxia-induced apoptotic and autophagic responses in vitro were examined by treating LY2 cells with CoCl(2). B4B8 tumors exhibited a non-aggressive phenotype characterized by its slow growth rate and the lack of metastatic spread. LY2 tumors demonstrated an aggressive phenotype characterized by rapid growth rate with regional and distant metastasis. Intratumoral hypoxia fraction in B4B8 tumors was significantly lower than in LY2 tumors. The hypoxic areas in B4B8 tumors exhibited increased apoptosis rate than that of LY2 tumors. In contrast, the hypoxic areas in LY2 tumors revealed autophagy. The induction of hypoxia in vitro elicited autophagy and not apoptosis in LY2 cells. The induction of autophagy coupled with blockage of apoptosis in hypoxic areas promotes tumor cell survival and confers aggressive phenotype in immunocompetent murine HNSCC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadarajah Vigneswaran
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Dental Branch, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Pacheco-Torres J, López-Larrubia P, Ballesteros P, Cerdán S. Imaging tumor hypoxia by magnetic resonance methods. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:1-16. [PMID: 21259366 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia results from the negative balance between the oxygen demands of the tissue and the capacity of the neovasculature to deliver sufficient oxygen. The resulting oxygen deficit has important consequences with regard to the aggressiveness and malignancy of tumors, as well as their resistance to therapy, endowing the imaging of hypoxia with vital repercussions in tumor prognosis and therapy design. The molecular and cellular events underlying hypoxia are mediated mainly through hypoxia-inducible factor, a transcription factor with pleiotropic effects over a variety of cellular processes, including oncologic transformation, invasion and metastasis. However, few methodologies have been able to monitor noninvasively the oxygen tensions in vivo. MRI and MRS are often used for this purpose. Most MRI approaches are based on the effects of the local oxygen tension on: (i) the relaxation times of (19)F or (1)H indicators, such as perfluorocarbons or their (1)H analogs; (ii) the hemodynamics and magnetic susceptibility effects of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin; and (iii) the effects of paramagnetic oxygen on the relaxation times of tissue water. (19)F MRS approaches monitor tumor hypoxia through the selective accumulation of reduced nitroimidazole derivatives in hypoxic zones, whereas electron spin resonance methods determine the oxygen level through its influence on the linewidths of appropriate paramagnetic probes in vivo. Finally, Overhauser-enhanced MRI combines the sensitivity of EPR methodology with the resolution of MRI, providing a window into the future use of hyperpolarized oxygen probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Pacheco-Torres
- Laboratory for Imaging and Spectroscopy by Magnetic Resonance LISMAR, Institute of Biomedical Research Alberto Sols, CSIC/UAM, c/Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
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Poujade O, Morice P, Rouzier R, Madelenat P, Lecuru F, Muray JM, Mathevet P, Alran S, Salmon RJ, Reyal F. Pathologic response rate after concomitant neo-adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix: a retrospective multicentric study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2010; 20:815-20. [PMID: 20606528 DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181df7406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exclusive chemoradiotherapy (including brachytherapy) is the current standard of care for locoregionally advanced cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the responsiveness and to identify factors predicting the response to concomitant chemoradiotherapy before surgery in cervical adenocarcinoma. METHODS A multicentric retrospective study was done in 9 French centers. A total of 54 women with cervical adenocarcinoma stage IB2 to IIIB who had undergone concurrent chemoradiation therapy followed by surgical treatment were included. The patients were stratified by histopathologic response after concomitant chemoradiotherapy (lesions smaller than 1 cm or larger). RESULTS The median (SD) age at diagnosis was 44.2 (12.4) years (range, 19.3-77 years). The median (SD) follow-up duration was 30.9 (36.5) months (range, 4.1-17 years). After clinical evaluation, the mean (SD) tumor size was 5 (1.2) cm (range, 2-7 cm).The patients achieved a clinical complete response after concurrent chemoradiation in 18 cases (33.5%). Pathologic residual tumor was noted in 36 cases (67%); tumors smaller than 1 cm were found in 18 cases (33.5%), and lesions greater than 1 cm were observed in 18 cases (33.5%). Factors being associated with a significant decreased sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were the following: menopause (P = 0.012), parametrial invasion (P < 0.001), lymphovascular space invasion (P = 0.003), and mucinous subtype (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Identification of predictive markers associated with incomplete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in cervical adenocarcinoma may prove clinically useful and implement an individualized treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Poujade
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France.
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32
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Bouvet VR, Wuest M, Wiebe LI, Wuest F. Synthesis of hypoxia imaging agent 1-(5-deoxy-5-fluoro-α-D-arabinofuranosyl)-2-nitroimidazole using microfluidic technology. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 38:235-45. [PMID: 21315279 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microfluidic technology allows fast reactions in a simple experimental setup, while using very low volumes and amounts of starting material. Consequently, microfluidic technology is an ideal tool for radiolabeling reactions involving short-lived positron emitters. Optimization of the complex array of different reaction conditions requires knowledge of the different reaction parameters linked to the microfluidic system as well as their influence on the radiochemical yields. 1-(5-Deoxy-5-fluoro-α-d-arabinofuranosyl)-2-nitroimidazole ([(18)F]FAZA) is a frequently used radiotracer for PET imaging of tumor hypoxia. The present study describes the radiosynthesis of [(18)F]FAZA by means of microfluidic technology and subsequent small animal PET imaging in EMT-6 tumor-bearing mice. METHODS Radiosyntheses were performed using the NanoTek Microfluidic Synthesis System (Advion BioSciences, Inc.). Optimal reaction conditions were studied through screening different reaction parameters like temperature, flow rate, residency time, concentration of the labeling precursor (1-(2,3-di-O-acetyl-5-O-tosyl-α-d-arabinofuranosyl)-2-nitroimidazole) and the applied volume ratio between the labeling precursor and [(18)F]fluoride. RESULTS Optimized reaction conditions at low radioactivity levels (1 to 50 MBq) afforded 63% (decay-corrected) of HPLC-purified [(18)F]FAZA within 25 min. Higher radioactivity levels (0.4 to 2.1 GBq) gave HPLC-purified [(18)F]FAZA in radiochemical yields of 40% (decay-corrected) within 60 min at a specific activity in the range of 70 to 150 GBq/μmol. Small animal PET studies in EMT-6 tumor-bearing mice showed radioactivity accumulation in the tumor (SUV(20min) 0.74 ± 0.08) resulting in an increasing tumor-to-muscle ratio over time. CONCLUSIONS Microfluidic technology is an ideal method for the rapid and efficient radiosynthesis of [(18)F]FAZA for preclinical radiopharmacological studies. Careful analysis of various reaction parameters is an important requirement for the understanding of the influence of different reaction parameters on the radiochemical yield using microfluidic technology. Exploration of microfluidic technology for the radiosynthesis of other PET radiotracers in clinically relevant radioactivity levels is currently in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent R Bouvet
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1Z2
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Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) of NSCLC is heterogeneous with variable blood flow through leaky immature vessels resulting in regions of acidosis and hypoxia. Hypoxia has been documented in NSCLC directly by polarographic needle electrodes and indirectly by assessing tissue and plasma hypoxia markers. In general, elevated expression of these markers portends poorer outcomes in NSCLC. Impaired vascularity and hypoxia can lead to increased metastasis and treatment resistance. Compounds that directly target hypoxic cells such as tirapazamine have been tested in clinical trials for NSCLC with mixed results. Preclinical data, however, suggest other ways of exploiting the abnormal TME in NSCLC for therapeutic gain. The inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha or vascular endothelial growth factor may increase local control after radiation. Inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, such as erlotinib or PI-103, may "normalize" tumor vessels, allowing for increased chemotherapy delivery or improved oxygenation and radiation response. To select patients who may respond to these therapies and to evaluate the effects of these agents, a noninvasive means of imaging the TME is critical. Presently, there are several promising modalities to image hypoxia and the tumor vasculature; these include dynamic perfusion imaging and positron emission tomography scanning with radiolabled nitroimidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Graves EE, Vilalta M, Cecic IK, Erler JT, Tran PT, Felsher D, Sayles L, Sweet-Cordero A, Le QT, Giaccia AJ. Hypoxia in models of lung cancer: implications for targeted therapeutics. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4843-52. [PMID: 20858837 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To efficiently translate experimental methods from bench to bedside, it is imperative that laboratory models of cancer mimic human disease as closely as possible. In this study, we sought to compare patterns of hypoxia in several standard and emerging mouse models of lung cancer to establish the appropriateness of each for evaluating the role of oxygen in lung cancer progression and therapeutic response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Subcutaneous and orthotopic human A549 lung carcinomas growing in nude mice as well as spontaneous K-ras or Myc-induced lung tumors grown in situ or subcutaneously were studied using fluorodeoxyglucose and fluoroazomycin arabinoside positron emission tomography, and postmortem by immunohistochemical observation of the hypoxia marker pimonidazole. The response of these models to the hypoxia-activated cytotoxin PR-104 was also quantified by the formation of γH2AX foci in vitro and in vivo. Finally, our findings were compared with oxygen electrode measurements of human lung cancers. RESULTS Minimal fluoroazomycin arabinoside and pimonidazole accumulation was seen in tumors growing within the lungs, whereas subcutaneous tumors showed substantial trapping of both hypoxia probes. These observations correlated with the response of these tumors to PR-104, and with the reduced incidence of hypoxia in human lung cancers relative to other solid tumor types. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in situ models of lung cancer in mice may be more reflective of the human disease, and encourage judicious selection of preclinical tumor models for the study of hypoxia imaging and antihypoxic cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward E Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, California 94305-5847, USA.
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Shibahara I, Kumabe T, Kanamori M, Saito R, Sonoda Y, Watanabe M, Iwata R, Higano S, Takanami K, Takai Y, Tominaga T. Imaging of hypoxic lesions in patients with gliomas by using positron emission tomography with 1-(2-[18F] fluoro-1-[hydroxymethyl]ethoxy)methyl-2-nitroimidazole, a new 18F-labeled 2-nitroimidazole analog. J Neurosurg 2010; 113:358-68. [PMID: 19895196 DOI: 10.3171/2009.10.jns09510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Assessment of hypoxic conditions in brain tumors is important for predicting tumor aggressiveness and treatment response. A new hypoxia imaging agent, 1-(2-[(18)F]fluoro-1-[hydroxymethyl]ethoxy)methyl-2-nitroimidazole (FRP-170), with higher image contrast and faster clearance than preexisting hypoxia tracers for PET, was used to visualize hypoxic tissues in 8 patients with glioma. METHODS The FRP-170 was injected and PET imaging was performed 2 hours later in 8 patients, including 3 with glioblastoma multiforme, 2 with oligodendroglioma, and 1 each with diffuse astrocytoma, anaplastic ganglioglioma, and recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma. All 8 patients also underwent MR imaging, and some patients underwent [(11)C]methionine or [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and proton MR spectroscopy for comparison. Tissues obtained at biopsy or radical resection were immunostained with hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) antibody for the confirmation of hypoxia, except in the patient with recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma who was treated using Gamma Knife surgery. RESULTS The FRP-170 PET images showed marked uptake with upregulation of HIF-1alpha in the 3 glioblastomas multiforme, and moderate uptake in the recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma and one oligodendroglioma, but no uptake in the other tumors. The FRP-170 PET images showed positive correlation with HIF-1alpha immunoreactivity and some correlation with FDG PET and MR imaging enhancement, but no correlation with [(11)C]methionine PET. Imaging with FRP-170 PET seemed to be more sensitive for detecting hypoxia than identifying the lactate peak on proton MR spectroscopy. CONCLUSIONS Imaging with FRP-170 PET can visualize hypoxic lesions in patients with glioma, as confirmed by histological examination. This new method can assess tumor hypoxia preoperatively and noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiyo Shibahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Ahmad R, Kuppusamy P. Theory, instrumentation, and applications of electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry. Chem Rev 2010; 110:3212-36. [PMID: 20218670 PMCID: PMC2868962 DOI: 10.1021/cr900396q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmad
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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The preparation and biological characterization of a new HL91-derivative for hypoxic imaging on stroke mice. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 68:1610-5. [PMID: 20395152 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM (99m)Tc-HL91 (Prognox, GE-Healthcare) was the first nonnitro-aryl-based radiotracer for evaluating hypoxic fraction in neoplasm, stroke and myocardium infarction regions. However, the high hydrophilicity of (99m)Tc-HL91 might hamper its penetration into cells. In this study, we prepared a new ligand 4,4,11,11-tetramethyl- 5,10-diazatetradecane- 3,12-dionedioxime (HL91-ET) with higher lipophilicity but structurally similar compared with that of HL91. The chemical and biological characterizations of (99m)Tc-HL91-ET as a scintigraphic probe for hypoxia were performed with a stroke-bearing mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS HL91-ET was synthesized and formulated with stannous chloride and buffer to afford kits. After mixing with (99m)Tc-pertechnetate, (99m)Tc-HL91-ET can be prepared in high yield and high radiochemical purity (both >96%). The partition coefficient of (99m)Tc-HL91-ET was determined in n-octanol/PBS system. Cellular uptake assays under normoxic and hypoxic conditions were performed in an oxygen-controlled CO(2) incubator. Brain stroke in the mouse model was induced by the electrocautery of the middle cerebral artery. After intravenous injection of (99m)Tc-HL91-ET into the Balb/c mouse suffering brain stroke, small-animal SPECT images were acquired at designated time points and autoradiography of the brain slides was conducted. Parallel studies of (99m)Tc-HL91 were also conducted at the same conditions for comparison. RESULTS The higher partition coefficient of (99m)Tc-HL91-ET (0.294+/-0.007) indicated higher lipophlicity compared with that of (99m)Tc-HL91 (0.089+/-0.005). The (99m)Tc-HL91-ET preparation was stable at ambient temperature for 24h. Cellular uptake assay showed that (99m)Tc-HL91-ET was less selectively retained in hypoxic cells than (99m)Tc-HL91. The target-to-normal brain ratios derived from the autoradiograms of the brains of stroke mice were 1.31+/-0.02 and 17.47+/-0.10 (n=3), respectively, at 2h post injection of (99m)Tc-HL91-ET and (99m)Tc-HL91. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that (99m)Tc-HL91-ET, though with higher lipophilicity than (99m)Tc-HL91, did not suggest better specific accumulation in hypoxic cells or tissues than (99m)Tc-HL91. The uptake mechanism of (99m)Tc-HL91 was at least not solely by passive diffusion. Lipophilicity should not be the major consideration in designing HL91-derivatives for hypoxia imaging.
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Preliminary studies of 99mTc-BnAO and its analogues: synthesis, radiolabeling and in vitro cell uptake. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 37:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chu T, Xu H, Yang Z, Wang X. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of three 99mTc-labeled hydroxamamide-based ligands as markers for hypoxic cells. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 67:590-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Russell J, Carlin S, Burke SA, Wen B, Yang KM, Ling CC. Immunohistochemical detection of changes in tumor hypoxia. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 73:1177-86. [PMID: 19251089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although hypoxia is a known prognostic factor, its effect will be modified by the rate of reoxygenation and the extent to which the cells are acutely hypoxic. We tested the ability of exogenous and endogenous markers to detect reoxygenation in a xenograft model. Our technique might be applicable to stored patient samples. METHODS AND MATERIALS The human colorectal carcinoma line, HT29, was grown in nude mice. Changes in tumor hypoxia were examined by injection of pimonidazole, followed 24 hours later by EF5. Cryosections were stained for these markers and for carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha). Tumor hypoxia was artificially manipulated by carbogen exposure. RESULTS In unstressed tumors, all four markers showed very similar spatial distributions. After carbogen treatment, pimonidazole and EF5 could detect decreased hypoxia. HIF1alpha staining was also decreased relative to CAIX, although the effect was less pronounced than for EF5. Control tumors displayed small regions that had undergone spontaneous changes in tumor hypoxia, as judged by pimonidazole relative to EF5; most of these changes were reflected by CAIX and HIF1alpha. CONCLUSION HIF1alpha can be compared with either CAIX or a previously administered nitroimidazole to provide an estimate of reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Russell
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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Lee BF, Chiu NT, Hsia CC, Shen LH. Accumulation of Tc-99m HL91 in tumor hypoxia: in vitro cell culture and in vivo tumor model. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2009; 24:461-72. [PMID: 19073378 DOI: 10.1016/s1607-551x(09)70003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic cells within a tumor can account, in part, for resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Indeed, the oxygenation status has been shown to be a prognostic marker for the outcome of therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Tc-99m HL91 (HL91), a noninvasive imaging tracer, detects tumor hypoxia in vitro in cell culture and in vivo in a tumor model. Uptake of HL91 in vitro into human lung cancer cells (A549) and murine Lewis lung cancer cells (LL2) was investigated at oxygen concentrations of 20% O2 (normoxia), and 1% O2 (hypoxia). HL91 biodistribution was studied in four groups: severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice bearing A549 tumors, C57BL/6NCrj (B6) mice bearing LL2 tumors, SCID controls, and B6 controls. Accumulation of the tracer was compared between tumors treated with hydralazine or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Scintigraphic images were obtained for hydralazine-treated mice and PBS-treated mice in each of the four study groups. Autoradiography of tumor slices was also acquired. In vitro studies identified hypoxia-selective uptake of HL91, with significantly increased uptake in the hypoxic state than in the normoxic state. Biodistribution and scintigraphy showed increased HL91 uptake during tumor hypoxia at 0.5 hours, and there was progressively increased activity for up to 4 hours after tracer administration. HL91 accumulation in tumor hypoxia was markedly increased in mice treated with hydralazine compared with those treated with PBS. Autoradiography revealed high HL91 uptake in the peripheral areas around the necrotic regions of the tumor, which were identified by histologic examination. HL91 exhibits selectivity for tumor hypoxia both in vitro and in vivo and provides a successful imaging modality for the detection of tumor hypoxia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Fang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Choi YJ, Rho JK, Lee SJ, Jang WS, Lee SS, Kim CH, Lee JC. HIF-1alpha modulation by topoisomerase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135:1047-53. [PMID: 19148680 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was to investigate whether the topoisomerase (Top) I inhibitor topotecan and the Top II inhibitor etoposide could modulate the hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. METHODS Hypoxic conditions were maintained in a humidified airtight anaerobic incubator flushed with a mixture of gas consisting of 1% O(2), 5% CO(2) and 94% N(2). The expressions of HIF-1alpha and Akt phosphorylation were measured by Western blotting or quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Small interfering RNA treatment was done to inhibit the expressions of Top I and IIalpha. Constitutively active akt was expressed by transient transfection using pUSEamp(+)/myr Akt. RESULTS The HIF-1alpha was increased and this peaked at 9 h in hypoxic conditions. Both topotecan and etoposide in a dose- and time-dependent manner inhibited the accumulation of hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha protein. Interestingly, the daily addition of these drugs at a lower concentration could inhibit the HIF-1alpha expression more effectively than a single treatment, which shows that their effects are schedule-dependent. This down-regulation of HIF-1alpha was associated with proteosomal degradation and decreased Akt phosphorylation. Top I and Top IIalpha were required for the inhibitory effect of topotecan and etoposide, respectively. CONCLUSION Both Top I and II inhibitors could suppress the HIF-1alpha expression in a schedule-dependent manner, and this suggests that these drugs might be useful to overcome the therapeutic resistance induced by tumor hypoxia in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-706, Korea
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Spence AM, Muzi M, Swanson KR, O'Sullivan F, Rockhill JK, Rajendran JG, Adamsen TCH, Link JM, Swanson PE, Yagle KJ, Rostomily RC, Silbergeld DL, Krohn KA. Regional hypoxia in glioblastoma multiforme quantified with [18F]fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography before radiotherapy: correlation with time to progression and survival. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:2623-30. [PMID: 18451225 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-4995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia is associated with resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy and activates transcription factors that support cell survival and migration. We measured the volume of hypoxic tumor and the maximum level of hypoxia in glioblastoma multiforme before radiotherapy with [(18)F]fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography to assess their impact on time to progression (TTP) or survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-two patients were studied before biopsy or between resection and starting radiotherapy. Each had a 20-minute emission scan 2 hours after i.v. injection of 7 mCi of [(18)F]fluoromisonidazole. Venous blood samples taken during imaging were used to create tissue to blood concentration (T/B) ratios. The volume of tumor with T/B values above 1.2 defined the hypoxic volume (HV). Maximum T/B values (T/B(max)) were determined from the pixel with the highest uptake. RESULTS Kaplan-Meier plots showed shorter TTP and survival in patients whose tumors contained HVs or tumor T/B(max) ratios greater than the median (P < or = 0.001). In univariate analyses, greater HV or tumor T/B(max) were associated with shorter TTP or survival (P < 0.002). Multivariate analyses for survival and TTP against the covariates HV (or T/B(max)), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1Gd volume, age, and Karnovsky performance score reached significance only for HV (or T/B(max); P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The volume and intensity of hypoxia in glioblastoma multiforme before radiotherapy are strongly associated with poorer TTP and survival. This type of imaging could be integrated into new treatment strategies to target hypoxia more aggressively in glioblastoma multiforme and could be applied to assess the treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Spence
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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Riedl CC, Brader P, Zanzonico PB, Chun YS, Woo Y, Singh P, Carlin S, Wen B, Ling CC, Hricak H, Fong Y. Imaging hypoxia in orthotopic rat liver tumors with iodine 124-labeled iodoazomycin galactopyranoside PET. Radiology 2008; 248:561-70. [PMID: 18641253 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2482071421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate iodine 124 (124I)-labeled iodoazomycin galactopyranoside (IAZGP) positron emission tomography (PET) in the detection of hypoxia in an orthotopic rat liver tumor model by comparing regions of high (124)I-IAZGP uptake with independent measures of hypoxia and to determine the optimal time after injection to depict hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The institutional animal care and use committee approved this study. Morris hepatoma tumors were established in the livers of 15 rats. Tumor oxygenation was measured in two rats with a fluorescence fiberoptic oxygen probe. (124)I-IAZGP was coadministered with the established hypoxia markers pimonidazole and EF5 in nine rats; 12-hour PET data acquisition was performed 24 hours later. Tumor cryosections were analyzed with immunofluorescence and autoradiography. In the four remaining rats, serial 20- and 60-minute PET data acquisition was peformed up to 48 hours after tracer administration. RESULTS Oxygen probe measurements showed severe hypoxia (<1 mm Hg) distributed evenly throughout tumor tissue. Analysis of cryosections showed diffuse homogeneous uptake of (124)I-IAZGP throughout all tumors. The (124)I-IAZGP distribution correlated positively with pimonidazole (r = 0.78) and EF5 (r = 0.76) distribution. Tracer uptake in tumors was detectable with PET after 24 hours in seven of nine rats. In rats that underwent serial PET, tumor-to-liver contrast was sufficient to enable detection of hypoxia between 6 and 48 hours after tracer administration. The optimal ratio between signal intensity and tumor-to-liver contrast occurred 6 hours after tracer administration. CONCLUSION Regions of high (124)I-IAZGP uptake in orthotopic rat liver tumors are consistent with independent measures of hypoxia; visualization of hypoxia with (124)I-IAZGP PET is optimal 6 hours after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Riedl
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, Room C-278, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Mahy P, Geets X, Lonneux M, Levêque P, Christian N, De Bast M, Gillart J, Labar D, Lee J, Grégoire V. Determination of tumour hypoxia with [18F]EF3 in patients with head and neck tumours: a phase I study to assess the tracer pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and metabolism. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 35:1282-9. [PMID: 18317752 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-008-0742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and metabolism of [(18)F]EF3, a labelled 2-nitroimidazole hypoxia marker, in ten patients with head and neck cancer. METHODS [(18)F]EF3 was administered intravenously (group 1, n=5, mean dose+/-SD: 324+/-108 MBq; group 2, n=5, mean dose+/-SD: 1,134+/-138 MBq) to patients (nine male, one female). Blood and urine samples and whole-body PET scans were obtained from 20 s to 4-6 h. Radioactivity was determined in several regions of interest. RESULTS No serious adverse event was reported. [(18)F]EF3 concentration in blood exhibited a bi-exponential decline. [(18)F]EF3 was mainly eliminated in the urine. By 7 h 40 min after injection, 53+/-14% of the injected dose was collected in the urine. There was no significant difference between the low- and high-dose groups. A progressive accumulation occurred also in the colon, indicating a hepatobiliary excretion. Except in organs involved in the elimination of [(18)F]EF3, the tumour-to-organ ratio remained close to or below unity in muscle, lungs, heart and brain at various times after injection. In one patient, tumour hypoxia was observed with a tumour-to-blood ratio ranging from 1.4 to 1.9. Last, [(18)F]EF3 remained very stable after injection, with percentage of native tracer above 87% in the serum and 84% in the urine. CONCLUSION Administration of [(18)F]EF3 in head and neck cancer patients is feasible and safe. Uptake and retention in tumour was observed, indicating the presence of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mahy
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Université catholique de Louvain, St-Luc University Hospital, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Adaptation de l’irradiation à l’activité tumorale en radiothérapie conformationnelle avec modulation d’intensité pour les cancers tête et cou. Étude préliminaire sur fantômes. Ing Rech Biomed 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmret.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the methods available for imaging tissue oxygenation. The following imaging methods are reviewed: phosphorescence, near-infrared (NIR), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging ((19)F MRI and BOLD MRI), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The methods are based on different principles and differ in their ability to accurately quantify tissue oxygenation, either the absolute value of a particular measure of oxygenation (partial pressure of oxygen, concentration), or a parameter related to it (oxygen saturation). Methods that can provide images of relative changes in oxygenation or visualization of hypoxia in a specific tissue of interest are also considered valuable tools for biomedical research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti S Vikram
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Gagel B, Piroth M, Pinkawa M, Reinartz P, Zimny M, Kaiser HJ, Stanzel S, Asadpour B, Demirel C, Hamacher K, Coenen HH, Scholbach T, Maneschi P, DiMartino E, Eble MJ. pO polarography, contrast enhanced color duplex sonography (CDS), [18F] fluoromisonidazole and [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: validated methods for the evaluation of therapy-relevant tumor oxygenation or only bricks in the puzzle of tumor hypoxia? BMC Cancer 2007; 7:113. [PMID: 17598907 PMCID: PMC1948005 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-7-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was conducted to analyze the value of ([18F] fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) and [18F]-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET as well as color pixel density (CPD) and tumor perfusion (TP) assessed by color duplex sonography (CDS) for determination of therapeutic relevant hypoxia. As a standard for measuring tissue oxygenation in human tumors, the invasive, computerized polarographic needle electrode system (pO2 histography) was used for comparing the different non invasive measurements. Methods Until now a total of 38 Patients with malignancies of the head and neck were examined. Tumor tissue pO2 was measured using a pO2-histograph. The needle electrode was placed CT-controlled in the tumor without general or local anesthesia. To assess the biological and clinical relevance of oxygenation measurement, the relative frequency of pO2 readings, with values ≤ 2.5, ≤ 5.0 and ≤ 10.0 mmHg, as well as mean and median pO2 were stated. FMISO PET consisted of one static scan of the relevant region, performed 120 min after intravenous administration. FMISO tumor to muscle ratios (FMISOT/M) and tumor to blood ratios (FMISOT/B) were calculated. FDG PET of the lymph node metastases was performed 71 ± 17 min after intravenous administration. To visualize as many vessels as possible by CDS, a contrast enhancer (Levovist®, Schering Corp., Germany) was administered. Color pixel density (CPD) was defined as the ratio of colored to grey pixels in a region of interest. From CDS signals two parameters were extracted: color hue – defining velocity (v) and color area – defining perfused area (A). Signal intensity as a measure of tissue perfusion (TP) was quantified as follows: TP = vmean × Amean. Results In order to investigate the degree of linear association, we calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient. Slight (|r| > 0.4) to moderate (|r| > 0.6) correlation was found between the parameters of pO2 polarography (pO2 readings with values ≤ 2.5, ≤ 5.0 and ≤ 10.0 mmHg, as well as median pO2), CPD and FMISOT/M. Only a slight correlation between TP and the fraction of pO2 values ≤ 10.0 mmHg, median and mean pO2 could be detected. After exclusion of four outliers the absolute values of the Pearson correlation coefficients increased clearly. There was no relevant association between mean or maximum FDG uptake and the different polarographic- as well as the CDS parameters. Conclusion CDS and FMISO PET represent different approaches for estimation of therapy relevant tumor hypoxia. Each of these approaches is methodologically limited, making evaluation of clinical potential in prospective studies necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Gagel
- Department of Radiotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Marc Piroth
- Department of Radiotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Zimny
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Hans J Kaiser
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Sven Stanzel
- Institute of Medical Statistics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | | | - Cengiz Demirel
- Department of Radiotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Kurt Hamacher
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Research Center Juelich, Germany
| | - Heinz H Coenen
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Research Center Juelich, Germany
| | | | - Payam Maneschi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Plastic Head and Neck Surgery, DIAKO, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ercole DiMartino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Plastic Head and Neck Surgery, DIAKO, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael J Eble
- Department of Radiotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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Ljungkvist ASE, Bussink J, Kaanders JHAM, van der Kogel AJ. Dynamics of tumor hypoxia measured with bioreductive hypoxic cell markers. Radiat Res 2007; 167:127-45. [PMID: 17390721 DOI: 10.1667/rr0719.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic cells are common in tumors and contribute to malignant progression, distant metastasis and resistance to radiotherapy. It is well known that tumors are heterogeneous with respect to the levels and duration of hypoxia. Several strategies, including high-oxygen-content gas breathing, radiosensitizers and hypoxic cytotoxins, have been developed to overcome hypoxia-mediated radioresistance. However, with these strategies, an increased tumor control rate is often accompanied by more severe side effects. Consequently, development of assays for prediction of tumor response and early monitoring of treatment responses could reduce both over- and undertreatment, thereby avoiding unnecessary side effects. The purpose of this review is to discuss different assays for measurement of hypoxia that can be used to detect changes in oxygen tension. The main focus is on exogenous bioreductive hypoxia markers (2-nitroimidazoles) such as pimonidazole, CCI-103F, EF5 and F-misonidazole. These are specifically reduced and bind to macromolecules in viable hypoxic cells. A number of these bioreductive drugs are approved for clinical use and can be detected with methods ranging from noninvasive PET imaging (low resolution) to microscopic imaging of tumor sections (high resolution). If the latter are stained for multiple markers, hypoxia can be analyzed in relation to different microenvironmental parameters such as vasculature, proliferation and endogenous hypoxia-related markers, for instance HIF1alpha and CA-IX. In addition, temporal and spatial changes in hypoxia can be analyzed by consecutive injection of two different hypoxia markers. Therefore, bioreductive exogenous hypoxia markers are promising as tools for development of predictive assays or as tools for early treatment monitoring and validation of potential endogenous hypoxia markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S E Ljungkvist
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Hoogsteen IJ, Marres HAM, van der Kogel AJ, Kaanders JHAM. The hypoxic tumour microenvironment, patient selection and hypoxia-modifying treatments. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2007; 19:385-96. [PMID: 17433637 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia has been found to be a characteristic feature in many solid tumours. It has been shown to decrease the therapeutic efficacy of radiation treatment, surgery and some forms of chemotherapy. Successful approaches have been developed to counteract this resistance mechanism, although usually at the cost of increased short- and long-term side-effects. New methods for qualitative and quantitative assessment of tumour oxygenation have made it possible to establish the prognostic significance of tumour hypoxia. The ability to determine the degree and extent of hypoxia in solid tumours is not only important prognostically, but also in the selection of patients for hypoxia-modifying treatments. To provide the best attainable quality of life for individual patients it is of increasing importance that tools be developed that allow a better selection of patients for these intensified treatment strategies. Several genes and proteins involved in the response to hypoxia have been identified as potential candidates for future use in predictive assays. Although some markers and combinations have shown potential benefit and are associated with treatment outcome, their clinical usefulness needs to be validated in prospective trials. A review of published studies was carried out, focusing on the assessment of tumour hypoxia, patient selection and the possibilities to overcome hypoxia during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Hoogsteen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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