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Miladi A, Saafi MA, Latiri I. Effects of Ramadan on cognitive functions in young boys. Libyan J Med 2024; 19:2301830. [PMID: 38194430 PMCID: PMC10786423 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2024.2301830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Fasting during Ramadan involves abstaining from food and drink from dawn to sunset, potentially influencing cognitive functions essential for the intellectual development of the youth. Therefore, understanding the effects of fasting on these functions in children/adolescents provides valuable perspectives to enhance education and promote mental well-being. However, studies on children/adolescents in this context are still limited. To evaluate the impact of Ramadan fasting on cognitive functions, including information processing speed, inhibition, decision-making, and auditory attention processes among children and adolescents aged 11 to 15 years. This study was conducted with 24 healthy children/adolescents (aged 12.84 ± 0.69 years). The experimental protocol consisted of two sessions: Before-Ramadan (BR) and at the beginning of the second week of Ramadan (R2). At each session, the boys were randomly tested on simple reaction time (SRT), choice reaction time (CRT), negative priming reaction time (NPRT), and auditory discrimination (P300). The tests were administered and scored by the same person in the different sessions. The study found that Ramadan fasting did not have an effect on various reaction times or on electro-physiological data, including P300 amplitude and latency. The current study, conducted with healthy children/adolescents, indicates that Ramadan fasting had no impact on various reaction times (SRT, CRT, NPRT), suggesting the preservation of information processing speed and decision-making, even in the face of increased task complexity. This is evident, on the one hand, through the maintenance of the ability to react to unexpected events, and, on the other hand, through the mastery of resistance to automatism, thus reflecting the preservation of inhibitory function (NPRT). Regarding P300 data, the absence of changes in latencies and amplitudes suggests that Ramadan fasting did not alter either the evaluation time of auditory stimuli or auditory attention processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Miladi
- Research Laboratory: “Heart Failure” (LR12SP09), Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Saafi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Sahloul University Hospital of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory “Medical Imaging Technologies” (LR 12ES06), Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imed Latiri
- Research Laboratory: “Heart Failure” (LR12SP09), Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Physiology. Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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2
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Lin CT, King JT, John AR, Huang KC, Cao Z, Wang YK. The Impact of Vigorous Cycling Exercise on Visual Attention: A Study With the BR8 Wireless Dry EEG System. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:621365. [PMID: 33679304 PMCID: PMC7928413 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.621365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported that exercise can influence cognitive performance. But advancing our understanding of the interrelations between psychology and physiology in sports neuroscience requires the study of real-time brain dynamics during exercise in the field. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the most powerful brain imaging technologies. However, the limited portability and long preparation time of traditional wet-sensor systems largely limits their use to laboratory settings. Wireless dry-sensor systems are emerging with much greater potential for practical application in sports. Hence, in this paper, we use the BR8 wireless dry-sensor EEG system to measure P300 brain dynamics while cycling at various intensities. The preparation time was mostly less than 2 min as BR8 system’s dry sensors were able to attain the required skin-sensor interface impedance, enabling its operation without any skin preparation or application of conductive gel. Ten participants performed four sessions of a 3 min rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task while resting and while cycling. These four sessions were pre-CE (RSVP only), low-CE (RSVP in 40–50% of max heart rate), vigorous-CE (RSVP in 71–85% of max heart rate) and post-CE (RSVP only). The recorded brain signals demonstrate that the P300 amplitudes, observed at the Pz channel, for the target and non-target responses were significantly different in all four sessions. The results also show decreased reaction times to the visual attention task during vigorous exercise, enriching our understanding of the ways in which exercise can enhance cognitive performance. Even though only a single channel was evaluated in this study, the quality and reliability of the measurement using these dry sensor-based EEG systems is clearly demonstrated by our results. Further, the smooth implementation of the experiment with a dry system and the success of the data analysis demonstrate that wireless dry EEG devices can open avenues for real-time measurement of cognitive functions in athletes outside the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Teng Lin
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tai King
- Brain Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Alka Rachel John
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Kuan-Chih Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Zehong Cao
- Information and Communication Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Yu-Kai Wang
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Thomaschewski M, Heldmann M, Uter JC, Varbelow D, Münte TF, Keck T. Changes in attentional resources during the acquisition of laparoscopic surgical skills. BJS Open 2020; 5:6045325. [PMID: 33688951 PMCID: PMC7944499 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zraa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing familiarity and practice might free up mental resources during laparoscopic surgical skills training. The aim of the study was to track changes in mental resource allocation during acquisition of laparoscopic surgical skills. Methods Medical students with no previous experience in laparoscopic surgery took part in a 5-week laparoscopic training curriculum. At the beginning and end of the training period, one of the training tasks was combined with a secondary auditory detection task that required pressing a foot switch for defined target tones, creating a dual-task situation. During execution of the two concurrent tasks, continuous electroencephalographic measurements were made, with special attention to the P300 component, an index of mental resources. Accuracy and reaction times of the secondary task were determined. Results All 14 participants successfully completed the training curriculum. Target times for successful completion of individual tasks decreased significantly during training sessions (P <0.001 for all tasks). Comparing results before and after training showed a significant decrease in event-related brain potential amplitude at the parietal electrode cluster (P300 component, W = 67, P = 0.026), but there were no differences in accuracy (percentage correct responses: W = 48, P = 0.518) or reaction times (W = 42, P = 0.850) in the auditory detection task. Conclusion The P300 decrease in the secondary task over training demonstrated a shift of mental resources to the primary task: the surgical exercise. This indicates that, with more practice, mental resources are freed up for additional tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thomaschewski
- Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M Heldmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - J C Uter
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - D Varbelow
- Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - T F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - T Keck
- Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Koop T, Dienel A, Heldmann M, Münte TF. Effects of a
Rhodiola rosea
extract on mental resource allocation and attention: An event‐related potential dual task study. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3287-3297. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Koop
- Department of Neurology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | | | - Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
- Institute for Psychology II, University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Thomas F. Münte
- Department of Neurology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
- Institute for Psychology II, University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
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Tokuda K, Maruta M, Shimokihara S, Han G, Tomori K, Tabira T. Self-Selection of Interesting Occupation Facilitates Cognitive Response to the Task: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:299. [PMID: 32848674 PMCID: PMC7417604 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Tokuda
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Corporation, Gyokusyoukai Takada Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Keiichiro Tokuda
| | - Michio Maruta
- Doctoral Program of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Health Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Corporation, Sansyukai, Okatsu Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Suguru Shimokihara
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Corporation, Nissyoukai Minamikagoshimasakura Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Gwanghee Han
- Doctoral Program of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Health Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kounosuke Tomori
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Science, Tokyo University of Technology, Nishikamata, Ota-Ku, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tabira
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Rosburg T, Schmidt A. Potential Mechanisms for the Ketamine-Induced Reduction of P3b Amplitudes. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:308. [PMID: 30618662 PMCID: PMC6297878 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In specific dosages, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) antagonist ketamine can be used to model transient psychotic symptoms in healthy individuals that resemble those of schizophrenia. Ketamine administration also temporarily impairs cognitive functions, which can be studied by event-related potentials (ERPs). ERPs also allow dissecting what stages of information processing are affected by ketamine and what stages remain functional. For tasks requiring the differentiation of targets and non-targets, it has repeatedly been shown that ketamine administration in healthy individuals leads to decreased amplitudes of the ERP component P3b in response to target stimuli. However, it could be argued that this ketamine-induced P3b reduction is the consequence of an increased difficulty to differentiate targets from non-targets, primarily mediated by ketamine's psychotomimetic rather than pharmacological effects. The current review of ERP studies seeks to clarify the issue whether P3b effects of ketamine may indeed be explained as the consequence of an experienced increase in task difficulty or whether alternative mechanisms are perhaps more plausible. The review first summarizes the effects of task difficulty on ERP components related to intentional stimulus categorization (P3b), involuntary attention switches to distractors (P3a), as well as sensory processing (P1, N1). Secondly, the ERP effects of task difficulty are contrasted with those observed in ketamine studies in healthy individuals. Findings show that P3b amplitudes are consistently diminished by an increased task difficulty, as well as after ketamine administration. In contrast and as most important difference, increased task difficulty leads to increased P3a amplitudes to distractors presented in same modality as targets, whereas ketamine leads to reduced P3a amplitudes for such distractors. This dissociation indicates that the decreased P3b amplitudes after ketamine cannot be explained by a drug-induced increase in task difficulty. The conjoint reductions of P3a and P3b amplitudes instead suggest that working memory operations, in particular working memory updating are impaired after ketamine, which is in line with previous behavioral findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Rosburg
- Forensic Department, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Rosburg T, Weigl M, Thiel R, Mager R. The event-related potential component P3a is diminished by identical deviance repetition, but not by non-identical repetitions. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:1519-1530. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Isoglu-Alkac U, Ermutlu MN, Eskikurt G, Yücesir İ, Demirel Temel S, Temel T. Dancers and fastball sports athletes have different spatial visual attention styles. Cogn Neurodyn 2018; 12:201-209. [PMID: 29564028 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-017-9469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise and the training effects of repeated practice of skills over an extended period of time may have additive effects on brain networks and functions. Various motor skills and attentional styles can be developed by athletes engaged in different sports. In this study, the effects of fast ball sports and dance training on attention were investigated by event related potentials (ERP). ERP were recorded in auditory and visual tasks in professional dancer, professional fast ball sports athlete (FBSA) and healthy control volunteer groups consisting of twelve subjects each. In the auditory task both dancer and FBSA groups have faster N200 (N2) and P300 (P3) latencies than the controls. In the visual task FBSA have faster latencies of P3 than the dancers and controls. They also have higher P100 (P1) amplitudes to non-target stimuli than the dancers and controls. On the other hand, dancers have faster latencies of P1 and higher N100 (N1) amplitude to non-target stimuli and they also have higher P3 amplitudes than the FBSA and controls. Overall exercise has positive effects on cognitive processing speed as reflected on the faster auditory N2 and P3 latencies. However, FBSA and dancers differed on attentional styles in the visual task. Dancers displayed predominantly endogenous/top down features reflected by increased N1 and P3 amplitudes, decreased P1 amplitude and shorter P1 latency. On the other hand, FBSA showed predominantly exogenous/bottom up processes revealed by increased P1 amplitude. The controls were in between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummuhan Isoglu-Alkac
- 1Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Numan Ermutlu
- 2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökçer Eskikurt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İlker Yücesir
- 4School of Physical Education and Sports, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sernaz Demirel Temel
- 5Department of Music and Performing Arts, The Art and Design Faculty, YTU, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tan Temel
- 5Department of Music and Performing Arts, The Art and Design Faculty, YTU, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lakhani B, Vette AH, Mansfield A, Miyasike-daSilva V, McIlroy WE. Electrophysiological correlates of changes in reaction time based on stimulus intensity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36407. [PMID: 22570711 PMCID: PMC3343079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although reaction time is commonly used as an indicator of central nervous system integrity, little is currently understood about the mechanisms that determine processing time. In the current study, we are interested in determining the differences in electrophysiological events associated with significant changes in reaction time that could be elicited by changes in stimulus intensity. The primary objective is to assess the effect of increasing stimulus intensity on the latency and amplitude of afferent inputs to the somatosensory cortex, and their relation to reaction time. METHODS Median nerve stimulation was applied to the non-dominant hand of 12 healthy young adults at two different stimulus intensities (HIGH & LOW). Participants were asked to either press a button as fast as possible with their dominant hand or remain quiet following the stimulus. Electroencephalography was used to measure somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and event related potentials (ERPs). Electromyography from the flexor digitorum superficialis of the button-pressing hand was used to assess reaction time. Response time was the time of button press. RESULTS Reaction time and response time were significantly shorter following the HIGH intensity stimulus compared to the LOW intensity stimulus. There were no differences in SEP (N20 & P24) peak latencies and peak-to-peak amplitude for the two stimulus intensities. ERPs, locked to response time, demonstrated a significantly larger pre-movement negativity to positivity following the HIGH intensity stimulus over the Cz electrode. DISCUSSION This work demonstrates that rapid reaction times are not attributable to the latency of afferent processing from the stimulated site to the somatosensory cortex, and those latency reductions occur further along the sensorimotor transformation pathway. Evidence from ERPs indicates that frontal planning areas such as the supplementary motor area may play a role in transforming the elevated sensory volley from the somatosensory cortex into a more rapid motor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Lakhani
- Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mobility Research Team, Toronto Rehab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Albert H. Vette
- Mobility Research Team, Toronto Rehab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avril Mansfield
- Mobility Research Team, Toronto Rehab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - William E. McIlroy
- Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mobility Research Team, Toronto Rehab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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10
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The temporal features of self-referential processing evoked by national flag. Neurosci Lett 2011; 505:233-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gaoua N, Grantham J, El Massioui F, Girard O, Racinais S. Cognitive decrements do not follow neuromuscular alterations during passive heat exposure. Int J Hyperthermia 2010; 27:10-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2010.519371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gaoua N, Racinais S, Grantham J, El Massioui F. Alterations in cognitive performance during passive hyperthermia are task dependent. Int J Hyperthermia 2010; 27:1-9. [PMID: 21070137 PMCID: PMC3082171 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2010.516305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the effect of passive heating upon attention and memory task performance, and (2) evaluate the effectiveness of the application of cold packs to the head on preserving these functions. Using a counter-balance design 16 subjects underwent three trials: a control (CON, 20°C, 40% rH), hot (HOT, 50°C, 50% rH) and hot with the head kept cool (HHC). In each condition, three attention tests and two memory tests were performed. Mean core, forehead and tympanic temperatures were all significantly higher (p < 0.05) during HOT (38.6° ±0.1°, 39.6° ± 0.2° and 38.8°±0.1°C, respectively) and HHC (38° ± 0.2, 37.7° ± 0.3° and 37.7°C, respectively) than in CON (37.1° ± 0.6°, 33.3° ± 0.2° and 35.9° ± 0.3°C, respectively). Results indicate that there was impairment in working memory with heat exposure (p < 0.05) without alteration in attentional processes. The regular application of cold packs only prevented the detrimental effect of hyperthermia on short-term memory. Our results show that impairments in cognitive function with passive hyperthermia and the beneficial effect of head cooling are task dependent and suggests that exposure to a hot environment is a competing variable to the cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Gaoua
- Research and Education Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
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Characteristics of the athletes' brain: Evidence from neurophysiology and neuroimaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:197-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 09/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhao K, Yuan J, Zhong Y, Peng Y, Chen J, Zhou L, Fan W, Ding D. Event-related potential correlates of the collective self-relevant effect. Neurosci Lett 2009; 464:57-61. [PMID: 19595741 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the electrophysiological correlates of the psychological processing of the collective self-relevant stimulus using a three-stimulus oddball paradigm. The results showed that P300 amplitude elicited by the collective self-relevant stimulus was larger than those elicited by familiar and unfamiliar stimuli. In addition, N250 and P300 amplitudes elicited by subjects' own names were larger than those elicited by other name stimuli. In terms of lateralization of P300, the collective self-relevant effect was largest in the left region sites and the individual self-relevant effect was largest in the right region sites. Therefore, the present study extended previous findings by showing that the collective self, similar to the famous individual self, was psychologically important to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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15
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The effect of mastication on human cognitive processing: A study using event-related potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2009; 120:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Roche RAP, Commins S, Agnew F, Cassidy S, Corapi K, Leibbrand S, Lipson Z, Rickard J, Sorohan J, Wynne C, O'Mara SM. Concurrent task performance enhances low-level visuomotor learning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:513-22. [PMID: 17727104 DOI: 10.3758/bf03193908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Visuomotor association learning involves learning to make a motor response to an arbitrary visual stimulus. This learning is essential for visual search and discrimination performance and is reliant upon a well-defined neural circuit in the brain that includes the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampal formation. In the present study, we investigated the possible role of attentional processes during such learning using dual-task interference. A motor, verbal, or perceptual concurrent task was performed during the learning/training block of a simple visual discrimination task. Contrary to expectation, the dual-task groups showed improved learning and learning-dependent performance compared with untrained control and non-dual-task trained groups. A second experiment revealed that this effect did not appear to be due to increased arousal level; the inclusion of alerting tones during learning did not result in facilitation. These findings suggest that the engagement of attention, but not arousal, during the acquisition of a visuomotor association can facilitate this learning and its expression.
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Kamijo K, Nishihira Y, Higashiura T, Kuroiwa K. The interactive effect of exercise intensity and task difficulty on human cognitive processing. Int J Psychophysiol 2007; 65:114-21. [PMID: 17482699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The interactive effect of exercise intensity and task difficulty on human cognitive processing was investigated using the P3 component of an event-related brain potential (ERP). Exercise intensity was established using Borg's rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale, and task difficulty was manipulated using a modified flanker task comprised of incongruent and neutral trials. Twelve participants (22 to 30 y) performed the flanker task during a baseline session, and again after light (RPE: 11), moderate (RPE: 13), and hard (RPE: 15) cycling exercise. Results indicated that the P3 amplitude increases across task conditions following light and moderate cycling, but not during hard cycling, relative to baseline, suggesting that P3 amplitude may change in an inverted U fashion by as a result of acute exercise intensity. Additionally, the expected delay in P3 latency for incongruent relative to neutral trials was observed during the baseline condition. However, following acute exercise these task condition differences diminished across exercise intensities. Moreover, reaction times following all exercise conditions were shorter when compared to the baseline condition. These findings suggest that P3 latency is more sensitive to task difficulty manipulated by a flanker task than behavioral measures, and P3 latency during trials requiring greater executive control processes might be more sensitive to the effects of acute exercise than tasks requiring minimal effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kamijo
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
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Matthews A, Garry MI, Martin F, Summers J. Neural correlates of performance trade-offs and dual-task interference in bimanual coordination: an ERP investigation. Neurosci Lett 2006; 400:172-6. [PMID: 16530954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous behavioural studies have provided a framework for understanding coordination dynamics using traditional dual-task methodology. The central cost associated with stabilising bimanual coordination patterns has been inferred from performance trade-offs during the concurrent performance of a probe reaction time (RT) task. The present study aimed to provide a direct measure of central cost by assessing electrophysiological correlates of performance trade-offs under dual-task conditions. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 16 participants while an anti-phase bimanual coordination task and a visual three-stimulus task were performed under single task conditions and under dual-task conditions in which either task was prioritised. The visual task required a foot response to low probability target stimuli, while low probability distracter and high probability standard stimuli were ignored. Consistent with previous research, there was a performance trade-off between pattern stability and RT to visual targets when the coordination task was prioritised relative to when the visual task was prioritised. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in central P3a amplitude elicited by distracter stimuli and parietal P3b amplitude elicited by target stimuli. These findings indicate that prioritisation and thus stabilisation of the motor task reduced the amount of central/perceptual and automatic attentional resources available to perform the visual task providing insight into CNS mechanisms that constrain the coordination of movement through the allocation of attentional resources.
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Zijdewind I, van Duinen H, Zielman R, Lorist MM. Interaction between force production and cognitive performance in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 117:660-7. [PMID: 16434230 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Revised: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A dual task paradigm was used to examine the effects of the generation of force on cognitive performance. METHODS Subjects (n=22) were asked to respond to auditory stimuli with their left middle or index finger and concurrently maintain a sub-maximal contraction with their right index finger at one of two different force levels. The contraction was maintained for approximately 12s and the target force level was alternated between 30 and 60% of the maximal force. Force production was the primary task of interest; performance of the (secondary) choice reaction time task (reaction times and accuracy) was used as an index of the amount of interference between the two tasks. RESULTS All subjects were capable of performing the force tasks adequately. Significant interference was observed between the level of force production and cognitive performance. At the higher force level, subjects performed the cognitive task more slowly and less accurately compared to the lower force level. CONCLUSION Our results show that the execution of high-effort motor behaviour interacts with cognitive task performance. However, comparison with the data obtained during fatiguing contractions in a previous study [Lorist MM, Kernell D, Meijman TF, Zijdewind I. Motor fatigue and cognitive task performance in humans. J Physiol 2002;545:313-319.] showed that the interference was stronger during fatiguing contractions than during the present high-effort motor behaviour. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that force-related factors can explain part of the fatigue-related interference between force production and cognitive performance. This result could have consequences for interpreting cognitive deficits observed in patients suffering from motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Zijdewind
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Münte TF, Lill C, Otting G, Brabant G. Cognitive changes in short-term hypothyroidism assessed with event-related brain potentials. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2004; 29:1109-18. [PMID: 15219634 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2003.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2003] [Revised: 12/02/2003] [Accepted: 12/06/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a common clinical problem during (131)Iodine-therapy of thyroid cancer. In the present investigation, possible cognitive dysfunction during hypothyroid state was assessed by means of neuropsychological tests and the recording of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Fifteen patients undergoing therapy for thyroid cancer were examined twice: (1) substituted with thyroid hormones, (2) during hypothyroid state immediately prior to treatment. Standard neuropsychological tests were applied during both sessions and subjects showed a mild-to-moderate impairment in their hypothyroid state. In addition, ERPs were recorded from 19 scalp sites while subjects performed two visual search tasks. The serial task required the effortful one-by-one scanning of several items within a visual array, while the parallel task allowed processing of all stimulus items in parallel and automatically. ERPs showed a marked amplitude decrement and delay of the P3 component known to index the speed of stimulus evaluation and the amount of available processing resources. This effect was present only for the serial search task, while no changes were seen in the parallel search task. These data show that hypothyroidism during (131)Iodine-therapy is associated with clinically relevant cognitive dysfunctions, especially with effortful attention demanding tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neuropsychology, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 24, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Houston RJ, Bauer LO, Hesselbrock VM. P300 evidence of cognitive inflexibility in female adolescents at risk for recurrent depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004; 28:529-36. [PMID: 15093961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies utilizing the P300 event-related potential (ERP) to document potential neurophysiological deficits related to depression have produced variable findings. The present investigation examined the effects of two tasks to determine whether one task would be more sensitive to a history of depression. We examined 124 female subjects, aged 14-20 years. Each subject was assigned to either a history of depression (DEP-Hx) or control group based on the presence versus absence of a DSM-III-R Major Depressive Episode. ERPs were recorded during two auditory oddball tasks. The first task was a simple two-pitch auditory discrimination and the second task was a three-stimulus auditory discrimination. In both tasks, subjects responded to the same rare target tone. Analysis of P300 amplitudes indicated a significant group by task interaction. Simple effects indicated that control subjects exhibited smaller target P300 amplitudes during the three-stimulus task as compared to the two-stimulus task. In contrast, subjects with a history of depression did not show a significant difference in P300 target amplitude between the two tasks. These results suggest that depression history as well as task difficulty/modality may influence the utility of the P300 in documenting the neurophysiological aspects of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Houston
- Alcohol Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, MC-2103, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-2103, USA.
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Kida T, Nishihira Y, Hatta A, Wasaka T. Somatosensory N250 and P300 during discrimination tasks. Int J Psychophysiol 2003; 48:275-83. [PMID: 12798987 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8760(03)00021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the event-related potentials (N250 and P300) during three kinds of somatosensory discrimination tasks (oddball task). Strong (standard: 90%) and weak (deviant: 10%) electrical stimuli were randomly delivered to the right median nerve at the wrist with a 500-ms constant interstimulus interval. In a passive situation, subjects read a self-selected book, ignoring all stimuli (ignore condition). One of the active situations was a mental counting task (count condition), and another required pressing a button to deviant stimuli as quickly as possible (motor response condition). The N250-P300 complex was elicited by deviant stimuli in the active-attended situations, but not found in the ignore condition. The N250 peak amplitude was unchanged between the count and motor response conditions whereas P300 changed. In addition, the N250 latency significantly correlated with the reaction time, but the P300 latency did not. These results indicate that the somatosensory N250 reflects an attentive process which is related to the temporal aspect of behavioral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kida
- Doctoral Program in Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Heinrich H, Albrecht B, Brunner E, Rothenberger A. Association of ADHD and conduct disorder--brain electrical evidence for the existence of a distinct subtype. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2003; 44:356-76. [PMID: 12635966 DOI: 10.1111/1469-7610.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the impact of psychopathological comorbidity with oppositional defiant/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) on brain electrical correlates in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to study the pathophysiological background of comorbidity of ADHD+ODD/CD. METHOD Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a cued continuous performance test (CPT-A-X) in children (aged 8 to 14 years) with ICD-10 diagnoses of either hyperkinetic disorder (HD; n = 15), hyperkinetic conduct disorder (HCD; n = 16), or ODD/CD (n = 15) and normal children (n = 18). HD/HCD diagnoses in all children were fully concordant with the DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD-combined type. ERP-microstates, i.e., time segments with stable brain electrical map topography were identified by adaptive segmentation. Their characteristic parameters and behavioral measures were further analyzed. RESULTS Children with HD but not comorbid children showed slower and more variable reaction times compared to control children. Children with HD and ODD/CD-only but not comorbid children displayed reduced P3a amplitudes to cues and certain distractors (distractor-X) linked to attentional orienting. Correspondingly, global field power of the cue-CNV microstate related to anticipation and preparation was reduced in HD but not in HCD. Topographical alterations of the HD occurred already in the cue-P2/N2 microstate. In sum, the comorbid group was less deviant than both the HD-group and the ODD/CD-group. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that HD children (ADHD-combined type without ODD/CD) suffer from a more general deficit (e.g., suboptimal energetical state regulation) including deficits of attentional orienting and response preparation than just a responseinhibitory deficit, backing the hypothesis of an involvement of a dysregulation of the central noradrenergic networks. The results contradict the hypothesis that ADHD+ODD/CD represents an additive co-occurrence of ADHD and ODD/CD and strongly suggest that it represents a separate pathological entity as considered in the ICD-10 classification system, which differs from both HD and ODD/CD-only.
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Lorist MM, Kernell D, Meijman TF, Zijdewind I. Motor fatigue and cognitive task performance in humans. J Physiol 2002; 545:313-9. [PMID: 12433971 PMCID: PMC2290666 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.027938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2002] [Accepted: 09/10/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
During fatiguing submaximal contractions a constant force production can be obtained at the cost of an increasing central command intensity. Little is known about the interaction between the underlying central mechanisms driving motor behaviour and cognitive functions. To address this issue, subjects performed four tasks: an auditory choice reaction task (CRT), a CRT simultaneously with a fatiguing or a non-fatiguing submaximal muscle contraction task, and a fatiguing submaximal contraction task alone. Results showed that performance in the single-CRT condition was relatively stable. However, in the fatiguing dual-task condition, performance levels in the cognitive CRT deteriorated drastically with time-on-task. Moreover, in the fatiguing dual-task condition the rise in force variability was significantly larger than during the fatiguing submaximal contraction alone. Thus, our results indicate a mutual interaction between cognitive functions and the central mechanisms driving motor behaviour during fatigue. The precise nature of this interference, and at what level this interaction takes place is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monicque M Lorist
- Department of Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.
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García-Larrea L, Perchet C, Perrin F, Amenedo E. Interference of Cellular Phone Conversations with Visuomotor Tasks: An ERP Study. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2001. [DOI: 10.1027//0269-8803.15.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of mobile phones has been shown to increase drivers' reaction times (RTs), but whether this results from interference with attention, stimulus identification, or response production remains unclear. We recorded RTs and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) reflecting speed of stimulus processing, attentional allocation, and preparedness to respond during a visual reaction task performed with or without the concomitant use of a mobile phone, in either “hands-free” or “phone-in-hand” operating modes. As expected, maintaining a phone conversation increased RTs to visual targets, this effect being associated with complex ERP effects. Phone conversations did not appear to delay target detection times, as assessed by N2-P3 latencies, but did significantly decrease stimulus-induced alerting and attentional allocation (P3 amplitude) and interfered with motor preparation processes (readiness potential). P3 amplitude drop was identical whatever the mode of phone use, while decrease of readiness potential was progressive from the “hands-free” to the “phone-in-hand” condition. These results suggest that two mechanisms contributed to degrade performance in this experiment: first, a general decrease of attention to sensory inputs, characteristic of “dual-task” situations, probably acting through a delay in sensory-motor transfer times. This effect was independent of whether the phone was handled or “hands-free.” Conversely, the second factor was specifically sensitive to manipulation of the phone and caused a weakening of the readiness to respond with a motor act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis García-Larrea
- Research Unit (UPRES) EA 1880, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
- Human Neurophysiology Laboratory, CERMEP, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Perchet
- Research Unit (UPRES) EA 1880, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Fabien Perrin
- Research Unit (UPRES) EA 1880, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Elena Amenedo
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Abstract
Driver fatigue is a major cause of road accidents and has implications for road safety. This review discusses the concepts of fatigue and provides a summary on psychophysiological associations with driver fatigue. A variety of psychophysiological parameters have been used in previous research as indicators of fatigue, with electroencephalography perhaps being the most promising. Most research found changes in theta and delta activity to be strongly linked to transition to fatigue. Therefore, monitoring electroencephalography during driver fatigue may be a promising variable for use in fatigue countermeasure devices. The review also identified anxiety and mood states as factors that may possibly affect driver fatigue. Furthermore, personality and temperament may also influence fatigue. Given the above, understanding the psychology of fatigue may lead to better fatigue management. The findings from this review are discussed in the light of directions for future studies and for the development of fatigue countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Lal
- University of Technology, Health Science, Floor 14, Broadway, 2007, Sydney, NSW Australia.
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Harmony T, Bernal J, Fernández T, Silva-Pereyra J, Fernández-Bouzas A, Marosi E, Rodríguez M, Reyes A. Primary task demands modulate P3a amplitude. BRAIN RESEARCH. COGNITIVE BRAIN RESEARCH 2000; 9:53-60. [PMID: 10666557 DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6410(99)00044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Auditory event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 10 subjects in two different conditions: (1) subjects were required to reorder five visually presented letters in order to form a word and provide a verbal response (task condition); (2) subjects were presented with a control stimulus with the same physical characteristics as the experimental stimulus, but containing just one type of letter (i.e., AAAAA). Subjects had to verbally respond to such stimuli by saying "A" (control condition). Tones of 1000 Hz (standard) and 1050 Hz (deviant) were also presented to the subjects in a 85%-15% probability paradigm 2 s before, during and 8 s after the presentation of the visual stimuli. Recordings were obtained from Fpz, Fz, Cz and Pz vs. linked ears. Auditory ERPs to the auditory stimuli after the presentation of the visual letter string and during the performance of the task were averaged for the standard and deviant tones in both conditions. Only correct responses were considered for the averages. The N100 was affected by stimulus type (standard vs. deviant) but not by condition (task vs. control); however, larger P3a waves were observed during the control than during the task condition. No significant differences between conditions were observed in the mismatch negativity (MMN) latency range. These results suggest that primary task demands modulate involuntary attention processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Harmony
- Centro de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM-UAQ Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 1-1141, Querétaro, Mexico.
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