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Cheng KH, Jiao JJ, Luo X, Yu S. Effective coastal Escherichia coli monitoring by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) thermal infrared images. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118900. [PMID: 35932703 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coastal Escherichia coli (E. coli) significantly influence ocean safety and public health, thus requiring an effective E. coli pollution monitoring. However conventional detection relying on manual field sampling is time-consuming. Here, this study established an E. coli estimation model based on thermal remote sensing of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). This model was developed against one-year comprehensive field work in a representative sandy beach and further validated against 50 beaches in Hong Kong to evaluate its applicability. The estimated E. coli concentrations were in a reliable agreement with direct measurements. For this model, this study deployed the radon-222 (222Rn) as a bridging tracer to couple UAV thermal images and coastal E. coli concentrations. Coastal 222Rn can be reflected on the UAV thermal images, and there was a good positive correlation between the 222Rn activity and coastal E. coli concentration via one-year field data. Hence, coupling the 222Rn activity estimated from UAV thermal images and the relationship between 222Rn and E. coli, this study can readily monitor coastal E. coli by UAV. These findings highlighted that UAV technology is an effective approach to measure the E. coli concentrations and can further pave the way for an efficient coastal E. coli monitoring and public health risk warning.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Cheng
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiu Jimmy Jiao
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Shengchao Yu
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Models of the water activity effect on microbial growth rate and initiation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1375-1382. [PMID: 35099574 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The role water activity, aw, plays in microbial growth by itself or in conjunction with other factors, notably temperature and pH, has been described mathematically by different algebraic models obtained by fitting experimental growth rate vs. aw relationships. Many of these models have one, two, or all three cardinal parameters, namely the minimal, optimal, and maximal aw, in their formulation. Although they all have good fit as judged by statistical criteria, their different mathematical structures have different ramifications concerning the threshold aw for growth initiation, and the growth pattern around and beyond the optimal aw level where it exists. The focus of this review is on the biological implications of the different growth rate vs. aw models inferred exclusively from their mathematical properties, leaving out any statistical fit considerations. It also describes a recently proposed single-parameter model of monotonic or the monotonic part of experimental growth rate vs. aw curves, which can be combined with a decay term to produce a general conceptual model of peaked and monotonic microbial growth rate vs. aw relationships over the entire aw range. KEY POINTS: • Traditional and new growth rate vs. aw models are presented and their implications compared. • Analogy between aw and the temperature or pH effect on microbial growth rate is reassessed. • Cardinal parameters alone do not establish a unique growth rate vs. aw relationship.
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3
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Puig J, Knödlseder N, Quera J, Algara M, Güell M. DNA Damage Protection for Enhanced Bacterial Survival Under Simulated Low Earth Orbit Environmental Conditions in Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:789668. [PMID: 34970246 PMCID: PMC8713957 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.789668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some organisms have shown the ability to naturally survive in extreme environments, even outer space. Some of these have natural mechanisms to resist severe DNA damage from conditions such as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, extreme temperatures, and low pressures or vacuum. A good example can be found in Deinococcus radiodurans, which was exposed to severe conditions such as those listed in the Exposure Facility of the International Space Station (ISS) for up to three years. Another example are tardigrades (Ramazzottius varieornatus) which are some of the most resilient animals known. In this study, the survival under simulated Low earth Orbit (LEO) environmental conditions was tested in Escherichia coli. The radiation resistance of this bacteria was enhanced using the Dsup gene from R. varieornatus, and two more genes from D. radiodurans involved in DNA damage repair, RecA and uvrD. The enhanced survival to wide ranges of temperatures and low pressures was then tested in the new strains. This research constitutes a first step in the creation of new bacterial strains engineered to survive severe conditions and adapting existing species for their survival in remote environments, including extra-terrestrial habitats. These strains could be key for the development of environments hospitable to life and could be of use for ecological restoration and space exploration. In addition, studying the efficacy and the functioning of the DNA repair mechanisms used in this study could be beneficial for medical and life sciences engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Puig
- Translational Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nastassia Knödlseder
- Translational Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Quera
- Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Algara
- Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Güell
- Translational Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental and Health Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Verheyen D, Van Impe JFM. The Inclusion of the Food Microstructural Influence in Predictive Microbiology: State-of-the-Art. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092119. [PMID: 34574229 PMCID: PMC8468028 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive microbiology has steadily evolved into one of the most important tools to assess and control the microbiological safety of food products. Predictive models were traditionally developed based on experiments in liquid laboratory media, meaning that food microstructural effects were not represented in these models. Since food microstructure is known to exert a significant effect on microbial growth and inactivation dynamics, the applicability of predictive models is limited if food microstructure is not taken into account. Over the last 10-20 years, researchers, therefore, developed a variety of models that do include certain food microstructural influences. This review provides an overview of the most notable microstructure-including models which were developed over the years, both for microbial growth and inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Verheyen
- BioTeC+, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Gebroeders de Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- OPTEC, Optimization in Engineering Center-of-Excellence, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- CPMF2, Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods—www.cpmf2.be, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan F. M. Van Impe
- BioTeC+, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Gebroeders de Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- OPTEC, Optimization in Engineering Center-of-Excellence, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- CPMF2, Flemish Cluster Predictive Microbiology in Foods—www.cpmf2.be, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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5
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Kern C, Stefan T, Sacharow J, Kügler P, Hinrichs J. Predictive modeling of the early stages of semi-solid food ripening: Spatio-temporal dynamics in semi-solid casein matrices. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 349:109230. [PMID: 34023621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A mechanistic, spatio-temporal model to predict early stage semi-solid food ripening, exemplary for semi-solid casein matrices, was created using software based on the finite element method (FEM). The model was refined and validated by experimental data obtained during 8 wk of ripening of a casein matrix that was inoculated by one single central injection of starter culture. The resulting spatio-temporal distributions of lactococci strains, lactose, lactic acid/lactate and pH allowed us to optimize a number of parameters of the predictive model. Using the optimized model, the agreement between simulation and experiment was found to be satisfactory, with the pH matching best. The predictive model unveiled that effective diffusion of substrate and metabolites were crucial for an eventual homogeneous distribution of the measured substances. Hence, while using the optimized parameters from the single injection model, an injection technology for starter culture to inoculate and ferment casein matrices homogeneously was developed by means of solving another optimization problem with respect to injection positions. The casein matrix inoculated by the proposed injection pattern (21 injections, distance = 19 mm) showed sufficient homogeneity (bacterial activity and pH distribution) after the early stages of ripening, demonstrating the potential of application of the injection technology for fermentation of casein-based foods e.g. cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kern
- Department of Soft Matter Science and Dairy Technology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Stefan
- Institute of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of Hohenheim, Westhof-Süd, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Computational Science Lab, University of Hohenheim, Steckfeldstraße 2, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Sacharow
- Department of Soft Matter Science and Dairy Technology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Kügler
- Institute of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of Hohenheim, Westhof-Süd, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Computational Science Lab, University of Hohenheim, Steckfeldstraße 2, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Hinrichs
- Department of Soft Matter Science and Dairy Technology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 25, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Evdokimova SA, Nokhaeva VS, Karetkin BA, Guseva EV, Khabibulina NV, Kornienko MA, Grosheva VD, Menshutina NV, Shakir IV, Panfilov VI. A Study on the Synbiotic Composition of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Fructans from Arctium lappa Roots and Helianthus tuberosus Tubers against Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2021; 9:930. [PMID: 33926121 PMCID: PMC8146412 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of mechanisms have been proposed explaining probiotics and prebiotics benefit human health, in particular, probiotics have a suppression effect on pathogen growth that can be enhanced with the introduction of prebiotics. In vitro models enhanced with computational biology can be useful for selecting a composition with prebiotics from new plant sources with the greatest synergism. Water extracts from burdock root and Jerusalem artichoke tubers were purified by ultrafiltration and activated charcoal and concentrated on a rotary evaporator. Fructans were precipitated with various concentrations of ethanol. Bifidobacterium bifidum 8 VKPM AC-2136 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 strains were applied to estimate the synbiotic effect. The growth of bifidobacteria and staphylococci in monocultures and cocultures in broths with glucose, commercial prebiotics, as well as isolated fructans were studied. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of lactic and acetic acids for the Staphylococcus strain were determined. A quantitative model joining the formation of organic acids by probiotics as antagonism factors and the MICs of pathogens (as the measure of their inhibition) was tested in cocultures and showed a high predictive value (R2 ≥ 0.86). The synbiotic factor obtained from the model was calculated based on the experimental data and obtained constants. Fructans precipitated with 20% ethanol and Bifidobacterium bifidum have the greater synergism against Staphylococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A. Evdokimova
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Vera S. Nokhaeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Boris A. Karetkin
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Elena V. Guseva
- Department of Cybernetics of Chemical Technological Processes, Faculty of Digital Technologies and Chemical Engineering, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.G.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Natalia V. Khabibulina
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Maria A. Kornienko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Veronika D. Grosheva
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Natalia V. Menshutina
- Department of Cybernetics of Chemical Technological Processes, Faculty of Digital Technologies and Chemical Engineering, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.G.); (N.V.M.)
| | - Irina V. Shakir
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
| | - Victor I. Panfilov
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.E.); (V.S.N.); (N.V.K.); (V.D.G.); (I.V.S.); (V.I.P.)
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7
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King T, Vockler CJ, Allnutt TR, Fegan N. Transcriptomic response of Escherichia coli O157 isolates on meat: Comparison between a typical Australian isolate from cattle and a pathogenic clinical isolate. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:378-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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8
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Quinto E, Marín J, Caro I, Mateo J, Redondo-del-Río M, de-Mateo-Silleras B, Schaffner D. Bootstrap parametric GB2 and bootstrap nonparametric distributions for studying shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains growth rate variability. Food Res Int 2019; 120:829-838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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Hawkins JL, Uknalis J, Oscar TP, Schwarz JG, Vimini B, Parveen S. The Effect of Previous Life Cycle Phase on the Growth Kinetics, Morphology, and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in Brain Heart Infusion and Ground Chicken Extract. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1043. [PMID: 31231315 PMCID: PMC6558382 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth models are predominately used in the food industry to estimate the potential growth of selected microorganisms under environmental conditions. The growth kinetics, cellular morphology, and antibiotic resistance were studied throughout the life cycle of Salmonella Typhimurium. The effect of the previous life cycle phase [late log phase (LLP), early stationary phase (ESP), late stationary phase (LSP), and early death phase (EDP)] of Salmonella after reinoculation in brain heart infusion broth (BHI), ground chicken extract (GCE), and BHI at pH 5, 7, and 9 and salt concentrations 2, 3, and 4% was investigated. The growth media and previous life cycle phase had significant effects on the lag time (λ), specific growth rate (μ max), and maximum population density (Y max). At 2 and 4% salt concentration, the LLP had the significantly (p < 0.05) fastest μ max (1.07 and 0.69 log CFU/ml/h, respectively). As the cells transitioned from the late log phase (LLP) to the early death phase (EDP), the λ significantly (p < 0.05) increased. At pH 5 and 9, the EDP had a significantly (p < 0.05) lower Y max than the LLP, ESP, and LSP. As the cells transitioned from a rod shape to a coccoid shape in the EDP, the cells were more susceptible to antibiotics. The cells regained their resistance as they transitioned back to a rod shape from the EDP to the log and stationary phase. Our results revealed that growth kinetics, cell's length, shape, and antibiotic resistance were significantly affected by the previous life cycle phase. The results of this study also demonstrate that the previous life cycle should be considered when developing growth models of foodborne pathogens to better ensure the safety of poultry and poultry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabari L. Hawkins
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Joseph Uknalis
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, USDA/ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, United States
| | - Tom P. Oscar
- Chemical Residue and Predictive Microbiology Research Unit, USDA/ARS, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Jurgen G. Schwarz
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Bob Vimini
- Perdue Farms Inc., Salisbury, MD, United States
| | - Salina Parveen
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
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De Cesare A, Doménech E, Comin D, Meluzzi A, Manfreda G. Impact of Cooking Procedures and Storage Practices at Home on Consumer Exposure to Listeria Monocytogenes and Salmonella Due to the Consumption of Pork Meat. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2018; 38:638-652. [PMID: 28846810 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to analyze the impact of different cooking procedures (i.e., gas hob and traditional static oven) and levels of cooking (i.e., rare, medium, and well-done) on inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella in pork loin chops. Moreover, the consumer's exposure to both microorganisms after simulation of meat leftover storage at home was assessed. The results showed that well-done cooking in a static oven was the only treatment able to inactivate the tested pathogens. The other cooking combinations allowed to reach in the product temperatures always ≥73.6 °C, decreasing both pathogens between 6 log10 cfu/g and 7 log10 cfu/g. However, according to simulation results, the few cells surviving cooking treatments can multiply during storage by consumers up to 1 log10 cfu/g, with probabilities of 0.059 (gas hob) and 0.035 (static oven) for L. monocytogenes and 0.049 (gas hob) and 0.031 (static oven) for Salmonella. The key factors affecting consumer exposure in relation to storage practices were probability of pathogen occurrence after cooking, doneness degree, time of storage, and time of storage at room temperature. The results of this study can be combined with prevalence data and dose-response models in risk assessment models and included in guidelines for consumers on practices to be followed to manage cooking of pork meat at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Cesare
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eva Doménech
- Institute of Food Engineering for Development (IUIAD), Food Technology Department (DTA), Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Damiano Comin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Adele Meluzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gerardo Manfreda
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Park SY, Ha SD. Predictive growth model of the effects of temperature on the growth kinetics of generic Escherichia coli in the Korean traditional rice cake product " Garaetteok". JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:506-512. [PMID: 29391614 PMCID: PMC5785375 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a predictive growth model of generic Escherichia coli in Garaetteok at a range of storage temperatures (T, 10-40 °C) was developed. The primary models of specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) fit well (R2 ≥ 0.985) using a Gompertz equation. Secondary polynomial models were obtained by non-linear regression and calculated as SGR = - 0.01,570 + 0.0183T + 0.000008T2; LT = 43.2064 - 2.4824T + 0.0355T2. The appropriateness of the secondary models was verified by mean square error (MSE; 0.0006 for SGR, 0.282 for LT), bias factor (B f ; 0.948 for SGR, 0.942 for LT), accuracy factor (A f ; 1.163 for SGR, 1.355 for LT), and coefficient of determination (r2; 0.986 for SGR, 0.996 for LT), and these models were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values used for validation. The secondary models developed in this study may thus be used as practical prediction models for generic E. coli growth in Garaetteok. These newly developed secondary models of SGR and LT for generic E. coli in Garaetteok may thus be incorporated into tertiary modeling programs such as the Korea Pathogen Modeling Program, in which they can easily be used to predict the growth kinetics of E. coli as a function of storage temperature. Ultimately, model developed in this study may be a vital tool for the reduction of E. coli levels in food production, processing, and distribution processes, which in turn will lead to enhanced safety of rice products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Park
- School of Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Gyunggido 456-756 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- School of Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, 72-1 Nae-ri, Daeduk-myun, Ansung, Gyunggido 456-756 Republic of Korea
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12
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Buss da Silva N, Baranyi J, Carciofi BAM, Ellouze M. From Culture-Medium-Based Models to Applications to Food: Predicting the Growth of B. cereus in Reconstituted Infant Formulae. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1799. [PMID: 28983287 PMCID: PMC5613307 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive models of the growth of foodborne organisms are commonly based on data generated in laboratory medium. It is a crucial question how to apply the predictions to realistic food scenarios. A simple approach is to assume that the bias factor, i.e., the ratio between the maximum specific growth rate in culture medium and the food in question is constant in the region of interest of the studied environmental variables. In this study, we investigate the validity of this assumption using two well-known link functions, the square-root and the natural logarithm, both having advantageous properties when modeling the variation of the maximum specific growth rate with temperature. The main difference between the two approaches appears in terms of the respective residuals as the temperature decreases to its minimum. The model organism was Bacillus cereus. Three strains (B594, B596, and F4810/72) were grown in Reconstituted Infant Formulae, while one of them (F4810/72) was grown also in culture medium to calculate the bias factor. Their growth parameters were estimated using viable count measurements at temperatures ranging from 12 to 25°C. We utilized the fact that, if the bias factor is independent of the temperature, then the minimum growth temperature parameter of the square-root model of Ratkowsky et al. (1982) is the same for culture medium and food. We concluded, supported also by mathematical analysis, that the Ratkowsky model works well but its rearrangement for the natural logarithm of the specific growth rate is more appropriate for practical regression. On the other hand, when analyzing mixed culture data, available in the ComBase database, we observed a trend different from the one generated by pure cultures. This suggests that the identity of the strains dominating the growth of mixed cultures depends on the temperature. Such analysis can increase the accuracy of predictive models, based on culture medium, to food scenarios, bringing significant saving for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Buss da Silva
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolis, Brazil.,Nestlé Research CenterLausanne, Switzerland
| | - József Baranyi
- Institute of Nutrition, University of DebrecenDebrecen, Hungary
| | - Bruno A M Carciofi
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolis, Brazil
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Zhang P, Kaur M, Bowman JP, Ratkowsky DA, Tamplin M. Effect of Environmental Factors on Intra-Specific Inhibitory Activity of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum. Microorganisms 2017; 5:E59. [PMID: 28906433 PMCID: PMC5620650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum is frequently associated with foods having extended shelf-life due to its inhibitory activity to other bacteria. The quantification of such inhibition interactions affected by various environmental factors is limited. This study investigated the effect of environmental factors relevant to vacuum-packaged beef on inhibition between two model isolates of C. maltaromaticum, D0h and D8c, specifically D8c sensitivity to D0h inhibition and D0h inhibitor production. The effects of temperature (-1, 7, 15, 25 °C), atmosphere (aerobic and anaerobic), pH (5.5, 6, 6.5), lactic acid (0, 25, 50 mM) and glucose (0, 0.56, 5.55 mM) on D8c sensitivity (diameter of an inhibition zone) were measured. The effects of pH, glucose, lactic acid and atmosphere on D0h inhibitor production were measured at 25 °C. Sensitivity of D8c was the highest at 15 °C, under aerobic atmosphere, at higher concentrations of undissociated lactic acid and glucose, and at pH 5.5 (p < 0.001). pH significantly affected D0h inhibitor production (p < 0.001), which was the highest at pH 6.5. The effect of lactic acid depended upon pH level; at relatively low pH (5.5), lactic acid decreased the production rate (arbitrary inhibition unit (AU)/mL/h). This study provides a quantitative description of intra-species interactions, studied in in vitro environments that are relevant to vacuum-packaged beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Food Safety Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Food Safety Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - John P Bowman
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Food Safety Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - David A Ratkowsky
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Food Safety Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Mark Tamplin
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Food Safety Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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14
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Modeling carbon dioxide effect in a controlled atmosphere and its interactions with temperature and pH on the growth of L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens. Food Microbiol 2017; 68:89-96. [PMID: 28800830 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of carbon dioxide, temperature, and pH on growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens was studied, following a protocol to monitor microbial growth under a constant gas composition. In this way, the CO2 dissolution didn't modify the partial pressures in the gas phase. Growth curves were acquired at different temperatures (8, 12, 22 and 37 °C), pH (5.5 and 7) and CO2 concentration in the gas phase (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100% of the atmospheric pressure, and over 1 bar). These three factors greatly influenced the growth rate of L. monocytogenes and P. fluorescens, and significant interactions have been observed between the carbon dioxide and the temperature effects. Results showed no significant effect of the CO2 concentration at 37 °C, which may be attributed to low CO2 solubility at high temperature. An inhibitory effect of CO2 appeared at lower temperatures (8 and 12 °C). Regardless of the temperature, the gaseous CO2 is sparingly soluble at acid pH. However, the CO2 inhibition was not significantly different between pH 5.5 and pH 7. Considering the pKa of the carbonic acid, these results showed the dissolved carbon under HCO3- form didn't affect the bacterial inhibition. Finally, a global model was proposed to estimate the growth rate vs. CO2 concentration in the aqueous phase. This dissolved concentration is calculated according to the physical equations related to the CO2 equilibriums, involving temperature and pH interactions. This developed model is a new tool available to manage the food safety of MAP.
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15
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Aryani D, Zwietering M, den Besten H. The effect of different matrices on the growth kinetics and heat resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and Lactobacillus plantarum. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 238:326-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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King T, Kocharunchitt C, Gobius K, Bowman JP, Ross T. Physiological Response of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Sakai to Dynamic Changes in Temperature and Water Activity as Experienced during Carcass Chilling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3331-3347. [PMID: 27615263 PMCID: PMC5098033 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.063065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohemeorrhagic Escherichia coli is a leading cause of foodborne illness, with the majority of cases linked to foods of bovine origin. Currently, no completely effective method for controlling this pathogen during carcass processing exists. Understanding how this pathogen behaves under those stress conditions experienced on the carcass during chilling in cold air could offer opportunities for development or improvement of effective decontamination processes. Therefore, we studied the growth kinetics and physiological response of exponential phase E. coli O157:H7 Sakai cultures upon an abrupt downshift in temperature and water activity (from 35 °C aw 0.993 to 14 °C aw 0.967). A parallel Biolog study was conducted to follow the phenotypic responses to 190 carbon sources. Exposure of E. coli to combined cold and water activity stresses resulted in a complex pattern of population changes. This pattern could be divided into two main phases, including adaptation and regrowth phases, based on growth kinetics and clustering analyses. The transcriptomic and proteomic studies revealed that E. coli exhibited a "window" of cell susceptibility (i.e. weaknesses) during adaptation phase. This included apparent DNA damage, the downregulation of molecular chaperones and proteins associated with responses to oxidative damage. However, E. coli also displayed a transient induction in the RpoE-controlled envelope stress response and activation of the master stress regulator RpoS and the Rcs phosphorelay system involved in colanic acid biosynthesis. Increased expression was observed for several genes and/or proteins involved in DNA repair, protein and peptide degradation, amino acid biosynthesis, and carbohydrate catabolism and energy generation. Furthermore, the Biolog study revealed reduced carbon source utilization during adaptation phase, indicating the disruption of energy-generating processes. This study provides insight into the physiological response of E. coli during exposure to combined cold and water activity stress, which could be exploited to enhance the microbiological safety of carcasses and related foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea King
- From the ‡CSIRO Agriculture and Food, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia;
| | - Chawalit Kocharunchitt
- §Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Kari Gobius
- ¶CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - John P Bowman
- §Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Tom Ross
- §Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
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17
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Optimal experimental design for discriminating between microbial growth models as function of suboptimal temperature: From in silico to in vivo. Food Res Int 2016; 89:689-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Ačai P, Valík L, Medved’ová A, Rosskopf F. Modelling and predicting the simultaneous growth of Escherichia coli and lactic acid bacteria in milk. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016; 22:475-84. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013215622840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Modelling and predicting the simultaneous competitive growth of Escherichia coli and starter culture of lactic acid bacteria (Fresco 1010, Chr. Hansen, Hørsholm, Denmark) was studied in milk at different temperatures and Fresco inoculum concentrations. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were able to induce an early stationary state in E. coli. The developed model described and tested the growth inhibition of E. coli (with initial inoculum concentration 103 CFU/mL) when LAB have reached maximum density in different conditions of temperature (ranging from 12 ℃ to 30 ℃) and for various inoculum sizes of LAB (ranging from approximately 103 to 107 CFU/mL). The prediction ability of the microbial competition model (the Baranyi and Roberts model coupled with the Gimenez and Dalgaard model) was first performed only with parameters estimated from individual growth of E. coli and the LAB and then with the introduced competition coefficients evaluated from co-culture growth of E. coli and LAB in milk. Both the results and their statistical indices showed that the model with incorporated average values of competition coefficients improved the prediction of E. coli behaviour in co-culture with LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ačai
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava
| | - L’ Valík
- Department of Nutrition and Food Assessment, Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava
| | - A Medved’ová
- Department of Nutrition and Food Assessment, Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava
| | - F Rosskopf
- Department of Nutrition and Food Assessment, Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Health Protection, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava
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19
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Abia ALK, Ubomba-Jaswa E, Momba MNB. Impact of seasonal variation on Escherichia coli concentrations in the riverbed sediments in the Apies River, South Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 537:462-469. [PMID: 26318680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many South Africans living in resource-poor settings with little or no access to pipe-borne water still rely on rivers as alternative water sources for drinking and other purposes. The poor microbial quality of such water bodies calls for appropriate monitoring. However, routine monitoring only takes into consideration the microbial quality of the water column, and does not include monitoring of the riverbed sediments for microbial pollution. This study sought to investigate the microbial quality of riverbed sediments in the Apies River, Gauteng Province, South Africa, using Escherichia coli as a faecal indicator organism and to investigate the impact of seasonal variation on its abundance. Weekly samples were collected at 10 sampling sites on the Apies River between May and August 2013 (dry season) and between January and February 2014 (wet season). E. coli was enumerated using the Colilert®-18 Quanti-Tray® 2000 system. All sites tested positive for E. coli. Wastewater treatment work effluents had the highest negative impact on the river water quality. Seasonal variations had an impact on the concentration of E. coli both in water and sediments with concentrations increasing during the wet season. A strong positive correlation was observed between temperature and the E. coli concentrations. We therefore conclude that the sediments of the Apies River are heavily polluted with faecal indicator bacteria and could also harbour other microorganisms including pathogens. The release of such pathogens into the water column as a result of the resuspension of sediments due to extreme events like floods or human activities could increase the health risk of the populations using the untreated river water for recreation and other household purposes. There is therefore an urgent need to reconsider and review the current South African guidelines for water quality monitoring to include sediments, so as to protect human health and other aquatic lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akebe Luther King Abia
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Eunice Ubomba-Jaswa
- Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Maggy Ndombo Benteke Momba
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Arcadia Campus, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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20
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Combined effect of chilling and desiccation on survival of Escherichia coli suggests a transient loss of culturability. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 208:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Tenenhaus-Aziza F, Ellouze M. Software for predictive microbiology and risk assessment: A description and comparison of tools presented at the ICPMF8 Software Fair. Food Microbiol 2015; 45:290-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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23
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Østergaard NB, Eklöw A, Dalgaard P. Modelling the effect of lactic acid bacteria from starter- and aroma culture on growth of Listeria monocytogenes in cottage cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 188:15-25. [PMID: 25086348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Four mathematical models were developed and validated for simultaneous growth of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria from added cultures and Listeria monocytogenes, during chilled storage of cottage cheese with fresh- or cultured cream dressing. The mathematical models include the effect of temperature, pH, NaCl, lactic- and sorbic acid and the interaction between these environmental factors. Growth models were developed by combining new and existing cardinal parameter values. Subsequently, the reference growth rate parameters (μref at 25°C) were fitted to a total of 52 growth rates from cottage cheese to improve model performance. The inhibiting effect of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria from added cultures on growth of L. monocytogenes was efficiently modelled using the Jameson approach. The new models appropriately predicted the maximum population density of L. monocytogenes in cottage cheese. The developed models were successfully validated by using 25 growth rates for L. monocytogenes, 17 growth rates for lactic acid bacteria and a total of 26 growth curves for simultaneous growth of L. monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria in cottage cheese. These data were used in combination with bias- and accuracy factors and with the concept of acceptable simulation zone. Evaluation of predicted growth rates of L. monocytogenes in cottage cheese with fresh- or cultured cream dressing resulted in bias-factors (Bf) of 1.07-1.10 with corresponding accuracy factor (Af) values of 1.11 to 1.22. Lactic acid bacteria from added starter culture were on average predicted to grow 16% faster than observed (Bf of 1.16 and Af of 1.32) and growth of the diacetyl producing aroma culture was on average predicted 9% slower than observed (Bf of 0.91 and Af of 1.17). The acceptable simulation zone method showed the new models to successfully predict maximum population density of L. monocytogenes when growing together with lactic acid bacteria in cottage cheese. 11 of 13 simulations of L. monocytogenes growth were within the acceptable simulation zone, which demonstrated good performance of the empirical inter-bacterial interaction model. The new set of models can be used to predict simultaneous growth of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria and L. monocytogenes in cottage cheese during chilled storage at constant and dynamic temperatures. The applied methodology is likely to be applicable for safety prediction of other types of fermented and unripened dairy products where inhibition by lactic acid bacteria is important for growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bjerre Østergaard
- National Food Institute (DTU Food), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Annelie Eklöw
- Arla Strategic Innovation Centre (ASIC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paw Dalgaard
- National Food Institute (DTU Food), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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24
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King T, Kocharunchitt C, Gobius K, Bowman JP, Ross T. Global genome response of Escherichia coli O157∶H7 Sakai during dynamic changes in growth kinetics induced by an abrupt temperature downshift. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99627. [PMID: 24926786 PMCID: PMC4057180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157∶H7 is a mesophilic food-borne pathogen. We investigated the growth kinetics of E. coli O157∶H7 Sakai during an abrupt temperature downshift from 35°C to either 20°C, 17°C, 14°C or 10°C; as well as the molecular mechanisms enabling growth after cold stress upon an abrupt downshift from 35°C to 14°C in an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. All downshifts caused a lag period of growth before growth resumed at a rate typical of the post-shift temperature. Lag and generation time increased with the magnitude of the shift or with the final temperature, while relative lag time displayed little variation across the test range. Analysis of time-dependent molecular changes revealed, in keeping with a decreased growth rate at lower temperature, repression of genes and proteins involved in DNA replication, protein synthesis and carbohydrate catabolism. Consistent with cold-induced remodelling of the bacterial cell envelope, alterations occurred in the expression of genes and proteins involved in transport and binding. The RpoS regulon exhibited sustained induction confirming its importance in adaptation and growth at 14°C. The RpoE regulon was transiently induced, indicating a potential role for this extracytoplasmic stress response system in the early phase of low temperature adaptation during lag phase. Interestingly, genes previously reported to be amongst the most highly up-regulated under oxidative stress were consistently down-regulated. This comprehensive analysis provides insight into the molecular mechanisms operating during adaptation of E. coli to growth at low temperature and is relevant to its physiological state during chilling in foods, such as carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea King
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Animal, Food and Health Sciences, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Chawalit Kocharunchitt
- Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kari Gobius
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - John P. Bowman
- Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tom Ross
- Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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25
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Predictive Microbiology. Food Microbiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555818463.ch40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Kocharunchitt C, King T, Gobius K, Bowman JP, Ross T. Global genome response of Escherichia coli O157∶H7 Sakai during dynamic changes in growth kinetics induced by an abrupt downshift in water activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90422. [PMID: 24594867 PMCID: PMC3940904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate growth kinetics and time-dependent change in global expression of Escherichia coli O157∶H7 Sakai upon an abrupt downshift in water activity (aw). Based on viable count data, shifting E. coli from aw 0.993 to aw 0.985 or less caused an apparent loss, then recovery, of culturability. Exponential growth then resumed at a rate characteristic for the aw imposed. To understand the responses of this pathogen to abrupt osmotic stress, we employed an integrated genomic and proteomic approach to characterize its cellular response during exposure to a rapid downshift but still within the growth range from aw 0.993 to aw 0.967. Of particular interest, genes and proteins with cell envelope-related functions were induced during the initial loss and subsequent recovery of culturability. This implies that cells undergo remodeling of their envelope composition, enabling them to adapt to osmotic stress. Growth at low aw, however, involved up-regulating additional genes and proteins, which are involved in the biosynthesis of specific amino acids, and carbohydrate catabolism and energy generation. This suggests their important role in facilitating growth under such stress. Finally, we highlighted the ability of E. coli to activate multiple stress responses by transiently inducing the RpoE and RpoH regulons to control protein misfolding, while simultaneously activating the master stress regulator RpoS to mediate long-term adaptation to hyperosmolality. This investigation extends our understanding of the potential mechanisms used by pathogenic E. coli to adapt, survive and grow under osmotic stress, which could potentially be exploited to aid the selection and/or development of novel strategies to inactivate this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawalit Kocharunchitt
- Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Thea King
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Animal, Food and Health Sciences, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kari Gobius
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - John P. Bowman
- Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tom Ross
- Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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27
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Predicting the concentration of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli bacteria during processing and storage of fermented raw-meat sausages. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:2715-27. [PMID: 24561587 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03791-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A model to predict the population density of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) throughout the elaboration and storage of fermented raw-meat sausages (FRMS) was developed. Probabilistic and kinetic measurement data sets collected from publicly available resources were completed with new measurements when required and used to quantify the dependence of VTEC growth and inactivation on the temperature, pH, water activity (aw), and concentration of lactic acid. Predictions were compared with observations in VTEC-contaminated FRMS manufactured in a pilot plant. Slight differences in the reduction of VTEC were predicted according to the fermentation temperature, 24 or 34°C, with greater inactivation at the highest temperature. The greatest reduction was observed during storage at high temperatures. A population decrease greater than 6 decimal logarithmic units was observed after 66 days of storage at 25°C, while a reduction of only ca. 1 logarithmic unit was detected at 12°C. The performance of our model and other modeling approaches was evaluated throughout the processing of dry and semidry FRMS. The greatest inactivation of VTEC was predicted in dry FRMS with long drying periods, while the smallest reduction was predicted in semidry FMRS with short drying periods. The model is implemented in a computing tool, E. coli SafeFerment (EcSF), freely available from http://www.ifr.ac.uk/safety/EcoliSafeFerment. EcSF integrates growth, probability of growth, and thermal and nonthermal inactivation models to predict the VTEC concentration throughout FRMS manufacturing and storage under constant or fluctuating environmental conditions.
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28
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Mejlholm O, Dalgaard P. Development and validation of an extensive growth and growth boundary model for psychrotolerant Lactobacillus spp. in seafood and meat products. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 167:244-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Kim J, Ro E, Yoon K. Comparison of Growth Kinetics of Various Pathogenic E. coli on Fresh Perilla Leaf. Foods 2013; 2:364-373. [PMID: 28239122 PMCID: PMC5302300 DOI: 10.3390/foods2030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth kinetics for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in perilla leaves were compared to those of pathogenic E. coli strains, including enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC) and other enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) at 13, 17, 24, 30 and 36 °C. Models for lag time (LT), specific growth rate (SGR) and maximum population density (MPD) as a function of temperature were developed. The performance of the models was quantified using the ratio method and an acceptable prediction zone method. Significant differences in SGR and LT among the strains were observed at all temperatures. Overall, the shortest LT was observed with E. coli O157:H7, followed by EPEC, other EHEC, EIEC and ETEC, while the fastest growth rates were noted in EPEC, followed by E. coli O157:H7, ETEC, other EHEC and EIEC. The models for E. coli O157:H7 in perilla leaves was suitable for use in making predictions for EPEC and other EHEC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhui Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, 1 Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Eunyoung Ro
- Department of Food and Nutrition, 1 Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Kisun Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, 1 Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
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30
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Kim J, Chung H, Cho J, Yoon K. Evaluation of models describing the growth of nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli O157:H7 in blanched spinach and Iceberg lettuce as a function of temperature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:2857-70. [PMID: 23839062 PMCID: PMC3734463 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10072857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to model the growth of nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7NR) in blanched spinach and to evaluate model performance with an independent set of data for interpolation (8.5, 13, 15 and 27 °C) and for extrapolation (broth and fresh-cut iceberg lettuce) using the ratio method and the acceptable prediction zone method. The lag time (LT), specific growth rate (SGR) and maximum population density (MPD) obtained from each primary model were modeled as a function of temperature (7, 10, 17, 24, 30, and 36 °C) using Davey, square root, and polynomial models, respectively. At 7 °C, the populations of E. coli O157:H7NR increased in tryptic soy broth with nalidixic acid (TSBN), blanched spinach and fresh-cut iceberg lettuce, while the populations of E. coli O157:H7 decreased in TSB after 118 h of LT, indicating the risk of nalidixic acid-resistant strain of E. coli O157:H7 contaminated in ready-to-eat produce at refrigerated temperature. When the LT and SGR models of blanched spinach was extended to iceberg lettuce, all relative errors (percentage of RE = 100%) were inside the acceptable prediction zone and had an acceptable Bf and Af values. Thus, it was concluded that developed secondary models for E. coli O157:H7NR in blanched spinach were suitable for use in making predictions for fresh cut iceberg lettuce, but not for static TSBN in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhui Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Hyunjung Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, In Ha University, 253 younghyun-dong, Nam-Gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Joonil Cho
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong-eup 363-700, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Kisun Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea; E-Mail:
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Liu W, Moran CJ, Vink S. Managing the potential risks of using bacteria-laden water in mineral processing to protect freshwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:6582-6588. [PMID: 23692219 DOI: 10.1021/es400671h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The minerals industry is being driven to access multiple water sources and increase water reuse to minimize freshwater withdrawal. Bacteria-laden water, such as treated effluent, has been increasingly used as an alternative to freshwater for mineral processing, in particular flotation, where conditions are favorable for bacterial growth. However, the risk posed by bacteria to flotation efficiency is poorly understood. This could be a barrier to the ongoing use of this water source. This study tested the potential of a previously published risk-based approach as a management tool to both assist mine sites in quantifying the risk from bacteria, and finding system-wide cost-effective solutions for risk mitigation. The result shows that the solution of adjusting the flotation chemical regime could only partly control the risk. The second solution of using tailings as an absorbent was shown to be effective in the laboratory in reducing bacterial concentration and thus removing the threat to flotation recovery. The best solution is likely to combine internal and external approaches, that is, inside and outside processing plants. Findings in this study contribute possible methods applicable to managing the risk from water-borne bacteria to plant operations that choose to use bacteria-containing water, when attempting to minimize freshwater use, and avoiding the undesirable consequences of increasing its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Liu
- Centre for Water in the Minerals Industry, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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De Clercq N, Julie VB, Croubels S, Delahaut P, Vanhaecke L. A validated analytical method to study the long-term stability of natural and synthetic glucocorticoids in livestock urine using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1301:111-21. [PMID: 23791145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to their growth-promoting effects, the use of synthetic glucocorticoids is strictly regulated in the European Union (Council Directive 2003/74/EC). In the frame of the national control plans, which should ensure the absence of residues in food products of animal origin, in recent years, a higher frequency of prednisolone positive bovine urines has been observed. This has raised questions with respect to the stability of natural corticoids in the respective urine samples and their potential to be transformed into synthetic analogs. In this study, a ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) methodology was developed to examine the stability of glucocorticoids in bovine urine under various storage conditions (up to 20 weeks) and to define suitable conditions for sample handling and storage, using an Orbitrap Exactive™. To this end, an extraction procedure was optimized using a Plackett-Burman experimental design to determine the key conditions for optimal extraction of glucocorticoids from urine. Next, the analytical method was successfully validated according to the guidelines of CD 2002/657/EC. Decision limits and detection capabilities for prednisolone, prednisone and methylprednisolone ranged, respectively, from 0.1 to 0.5μgL(-1) and from 0.3 to 0.8μgL(-1). For the natural glucocorticoids limits of detection and limits of quantification for dihydrocortisone, cortisol and cortisone ranged, respectively, from 0.1 to 0.2μgL(-1) and from 0.3 to 0.8μgL(-1). The stability study demonstrated that filter-sterilization of urine, storage at -80°C, and acidic conditions (pH 3) were optimal for preservation of glucocorticoids in urine and able to significantly limit degradation up to 20 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie De Clercq
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Van Impe J, Vercammen D, Van Derlinden E. Toward a next generation of predictive models: A systems biology primer. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Baka M, Van Derlinden E, Boons K, Mertens L, Van Impe JF. Impact of pH on the cardinal temperatures of E. coli K12: Evaluation of the gamma hypothesis. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Mertens L, Van Derlinden E, Van Impe JF. Comparing experimental design schemes in predictive food microbiology: Optimal parameter estimation of secondary models. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Scientific Opinion on Public health risks represented by certain composite products containing food of animal origin. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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37
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Ding T, Wang J, Forghani F, Ha SD, Chung MS, Bahk GJ, Hwang IG, Abdallah E, Oh DH. Development of Predictive Models for the Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Cabbage in Korea. J Food Sci 2012; 77:M257-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kocharunchitt C, King T, Gobius K, Bowman JP, Ross T. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the physiological response of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Sakai to steady-state conditions of cold and water activity stress. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:M111.009019. [PMID: 22008207 PMCID: PMC3270098 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.009019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis was undertaken to determine the physiological response of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Sakai to steady-state conditions relevant to low temperature and water activity conditions experienced during meat carcass chilling in cold air. The response of E. coli during exponential growth at 25 °C a(w) 0.985, 14 °C a(w) 0.985, 25 °C a(w) 0.967, and 14 °C a(w) 0.967 was compared with that of a reference culture (35 °C a(w) 0.993). Gene and protein expression profiles of E. coli were more strongly affected by low water activity (a(w) 0.967) than by low temperature (14 °C). Predefined group enrichment analysis revealed that a universal response of E. coli to all test conditions included activation of the master stress response regulator RpoS and the Rcs phosphorelay system involved in the biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide colanic acid, as well as down-regulation of elements involved in chemotaxis and motility. However, colanic acid-deficient mutants were shown to achieve comparable growth rates to their wild-type parents under all conditions, indicating that colanic acid is not required for growth. In contrast to the transcriptomic data, the proteomic data revealed that several processes involved in protein synthesis were down-regulated in overall expression at 14 °C a(w) 0.985, 25 °C a(w) 0.967, and 14 °C a(w) 0.967. This result suggests that during growth under these conditions, E. coli, although able to transcribe the required mRNA, may lack the cellular resources required for translation. Elucidating the global adaptive response of E. coli O157:H7 during exposure to chilling and water activity stress has provided a baseline of knowledge of the physiology of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawalit Kocharunchitt
- Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Thea King
- CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, PO Box 52, North Ryde NSW 1670, Australia
| | - Kari Gobius
- CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, PO Box 745, Archerfield BC QLD 4108, Australia
| | - John P Bowman
- Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Tom Ross
- Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia.
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Biesta-Peters EG, Reij MW, Zwietering MH, Gorris LGM. Comparing nonsynergy gamma models and interaction models to predict growth of emetic Bacillus cereus for combinations of pH and water activity values. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:5707-15. [PMID: 21705525 PMCID: PMC3165267 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00703-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aims to test the absence (gamma hypothesis) or occurrence of synergy between two growth-limiting factors, i.e., pH and water activity (a(w)), using a systematic approach for model selection. In this approach, preset criteria were used to evaluate the performance of models. Such a systematic approach is required to be confident in the correctness of the individual components of the combined (synergy) models. With Bacillus cereus F4810/72 as the test organism, estimated growth boundaries for the a(w)-lowering solutes NaCl, KCl, and glucose were 1.13 M, 1.13 M, and 1.68 M, respectively. The accompanying a(w) values were 0.954, 0.956, and 0.961, respectively, indicating that equal a(w) values result in similar effects on growth. Out of the 12 models evaluated using the preset criteria, the model of J. H. T. Luong (Biotechnol. Bioeng. 27:280-285, 1985) was the best model to describe the effect of a(w) on growth. This a(w) model and the previously selected pH model were combined into a gamma model and into two synergy models. None of the three models was able to describe the combined pH and a(w) conditions sufficiently well to satisfy the preset criteria. The best matches between predicted and experimental data were obtained with the gamma model, followed by the synergy model of Y. Le Marc et al. (Int. J. Food Microbiol. 73:219-237, 2002). No combination of models that was able to predict the impact of both individual and combined hurdles correctly could be found. Consequently, in this case we could not prove the existence of synergy nor falsify the gamma hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth G. Biesta-Peters
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine W. Reij
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H. Zwietering
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leon G. M. Gorris
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Unilever R&D Shanghai, 66 Lin Xin Road, Chang Ning District, Shanghai 200335, China
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40
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Sheen S, Hwang CA, Juneja VK. Modeling the impact of chlorine on the behavior of Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat meats. Food Microbiol 2011; 28:1095-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Zhou K, George SM, Métris A, Li PL, Baranyi J. Lag phase of Salmonella enterica under osmotic stress conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:1758-62. [PMID: 21193660 PMCID: PMC3067304 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02629-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was grown at salt concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 7.5% in minimal medium with and without added osmoprotectant and in a rich medium. In minimal medium, the cells showed an initial decline period, and consequently the definition of the lag time of the resultant log count curve was revised. The model of Baranyi and Roberts (Int. J. Food Microbiol. 23:277-294, 1994) was modified to take into account the initial decline period, based on the assumption that the log count curve of the total population was the sum of a dying and a surviving-then-growing subpopulation. The lag time was defined as the lag of the surviving subpopulation. It was modeled by means of a parameter quantifying the biochemical work the surviving cells carry out during this phase, the "work to be done." The logarithms of the maximum specific growth rates as a function of the water activity in the three media differed only by additive constants, which gave a theoretical basis for bias factors characterizing the relationships between different media. Models for the lag and the "work to be done" as a function of the water activity showed similar properties, but in rich medium above 5% salt concentrations, the data showed a maximum for this work. An accurate description of the lag time is important to avoid food wastage, which is an issue of increasing significance in the food industry, while maintaining food safety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Zhou
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - S. M. George
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - A. Métris
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - P. L. Li
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - J. Baranyi
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
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Measuring bacterial growth by refractive index tapered fiber optic biosensor. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2010; 101:313-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Theys T, Geeraerd A, Devlieghere F, Van Impe J. On the selection of relevant environmental factors to predict microbial dynamics in solidified media. Food Microbiol 2010; 27:220-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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44
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Ricciardi A, Parente E, Zotta T. Modelling the growth ofWeissella cibariaas a function of fermentation conditions. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:1528-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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45
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Theys T, Geeraerd A, Van Impe J. Evaluation of a mathematical model structure describing the effect of (gel) structure on the growth ofListeria innocua,Lactococcus lactisandSalmonellaTyphimurium. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 107:775-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Theys T, Geeraerd A, Devlieghere F, Van Impe J. Extracting information on the evolution of living- and dead-cell fractions ofSalmonellaTyphimurium colonies in gelatin gels based on microscopic images and plate-count data. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 49:39-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Abstract
In this study, I describe a systematic approach for modeling food spoilage in microbial risk assessment that is based on the incorporation of kinetic spoilage modeling in exposure assessment by combining data and models for the specific spoilage organisms (SSO: fraction of the total microflora responsible for spoilage) with those for pathogens. The structure of the approach is presented through an exposure assessment application for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef. The proposed approach allows for identifying spoiled products at the time of consumption by comparing the estimated level of SSO (pseudomonads) with the spoilage level (level of SSO at which spoilage is observed). The results of the application indicate that ignoring spoilage in risk assessment could lead to significant overestimations of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Koutsoumanis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Microbiology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Effect of pH, water activity and gel micro-structure, including oxygen profiles and rheological characterization, on the growth kinetics of Salmonella Typhimurium. Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 128:67-77. [PMID: 18834641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium in Tryptic Soy Broth was examined at different pH (4.50-5.50), water activity a(w) (0.970-0.992) and gelatin concentration (0%, 1% and 5% ) at 20 degrees C. Experiments in TSB with 0% gelatin were carried out in shaken erlenmeyers, in the weak 1% gelatin media in petri plates and in the firm 5% gelatin media in gel cassettes. A quantification of gel strength was performed by rheological measurements and the influence of oxygen supply on the growth of S. Typhimurium was investigated. pH, as well as a(w) as well as gelatin concentration had an influence on the growth rate. Both in broth and in gelatinized media, lowering pH or water activity caused a decrease of growth rate. In media with 1% gelatin a reduction of growth rate and maximal cell density was observed compared to broth at all conditions. However, the effects of decreasing pH and a(w) were less pronounced. A further increase in gelatin concentration to 5% gelatin caused a small or no additional drop of growth rate. The final oxygen concentration dropped from 5.5 ppm in stirred broth to anoxic values in petri plates, also when 0% and 5% gelatin media were tested in this recipient. Probably, not stirring the medium, which leads to anoxic conditions, has a more pronounced effect on the growth rate of S. Typhimurium then medium solidness. Finally, growth data were fitted with the primary model of Baranyi and Roberts [Baranyi, J. and Roberts, T. A., 1994. A dynamic approach to predicting bacterial growth in food. International Journal of Food Microbiology 23, 277-294]. An additional factor was introduced into the secondary model of Ross et al. [Ross, T. and Ratkowsky, D. A. and Mellefont, L. A. and McMeekin, T. A., 2003. Modelling the effects of temperature, water activity, pH and lactic acid concentration on the growth rate of Escherichia coli. International Journal of Food Microbiology 82, 33-43.] to incorporate the effect of gelatin concentration, next to the effect of pH and a(w). A two step and a global regression procedure were applied. Both procedures were able to fit the data well, but the global regression procedure led to smaller standard errors on the parameters.
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49
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Wilson DR, Dabrowski L, Stringer S, Moezelaar R, Brocklehurst TF. High pressure in combination with elevated temperature as a method for the sterilisation of food. Trends Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Skandamis PN, Brocklehurst TF, Panagou EZ, Nychas GJE. Image analysis as a mean to model growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in gel cassettes. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 103:937-47. [PMID: 17897197 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The potential of image analysis for rapid and quantitative determination of the effect of environmental parameters such as temperature and pH on the growth of colonies of Escherichia coli O157:H7 derived from immobilized cells in gel cassettes was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The organism was grown in brain heart infusion agar contained within a cassette formed between sheets of PVC film. The medium was adjusted to pH 5, 6 or 7 and incubated at 10, 20, 30 or 40 degrees C. The primary model of Baranyi was used to fit the growth data obtained by conventional plate counting and changes in colony area (2-dimensional spread of colonies) by light microscopy to derive estimates of maximum specific growth rates (micromax and Area micromax) in both cases. Growth rate values from both measurements were correlated and a secondary quadratic model was developed to predict micromax obtained via image analysis in response to environmental factors (temperature and pH). A progressive decrease of micromax and Area micromax was observed at lower temperatures and pH values. Immobilized cells failed to initiate growth at a pH of 5.0 and 10 degrees C. There was high correlation between micromax values estimated by conventional plate counting and Area micromax values from microscopic observations in gel cassettes, regardless of temperature and pH. The values of micromax derived indirectly from the correlation with Area micromax values fitted well to the secondary model and gave realistic predictions of maximum specific growth rate values estimated by standard plate counting. CONCLUSIONS The micromax of E. coli O157:H7 determined by plate counting was linearly correlated with Area micromax estimated by light microscopy, enabling indirect determination of micromax via the Area micromax. The estimates of micromax via the image analysis technique may be further modelled in response to environmental factors such as temperature and pH to predict the response of the organism in intermediate conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Image analysis in combination with gel cassettes could be a potential tool for rapid and convenient data collection and construction of accurate mathematical models as an alternative to conventional plate counting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Skandamis
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Departement of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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