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Hu N, Lei M, Zhao X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang S. Analysis of microbiota in Hainan Yucha during fermentation by 16S rRNA gene high‐throughput sequencing. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin China
| | - Yuanyifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin China
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Chhetri V, Prakitchaiwattana C, Settachaimongkon S. A potential protective culture; halophilic Bacillus isolates with bacteriocin encoding gene against Staphylococcus aureus in salt added foods. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Choyam S, Srivastava AK, Shin JH, Kammara R. Ocins for Food Safety. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1736. [PMID: 31428063 PMCID: PMC6687839 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The food industry produces highly perishable products. Food spoilage represents a severe problem for food manufacturers. Therefore, it is important to identify effective preservation solutions to prevent food spoilage. Ocins (e.g., bacteriocins, lactocins, and enterocins) are antibacterial proteins synthesized by bacteria that destroy or suppress the growth of related or unrelated bacterial strains. Ocins represent a promising strategy for food preservation, because of their antagonist effects toward food spoilage microorganisms, high potency, and low toxicity. Additionally, they can be bioengineered. The most common and commercially available ocins are nisin, plantaracin, sakacin P, and pediocin. Several ocins have been characterized and studied biochemically and genetically; however, their structure-function relationship, biosynthesis, and mechanism of action are not understood. This narrative review focuses primarily on ocins and their relevance to the food industry to help prevent food spoilage. In particular, the applications and limitations of ocins in the food industry are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilja Choyam
- Affiliated to AcSIR for Ph.D. Thesis, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, India
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Jae-Ho Shin
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Rajagopal Kammara
- Affiliated to AcSIR for Ph.D. Thesis, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, India
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-CFTRI, Mysuru, India
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Balli D, Bellumori M, Paoli P, Pieraccini G, Di Paola M, De Filippo C, Di Gioia D, Mulinacci N, Innocenti M. Study on a Fermented Whole Wheat: Phenolic Content, Activity on PTP1B Enzyme and In Vitro Prebiotic Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061120. [PMID: 30901847 PMCID: PMC6470552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented cereals, staple foods in Asia and Africa, are recently receiving a growing interest in Western countries. The object of this work is the characterization of a fermented wheat used as a food ingredient and dietary supplement. To this aim, the phenolic composition, the activity on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), an enzyme overexpressed in type-II diabetes, the in vitro prebiotic properties on Lactobacillusreuteri and the microbial composition were investigated. Basic and acidic hydrolysis were tested for an exhaustive recovery of bound phenols: the acidic hydrolysis gave best yields. Methyl ferulate and neocarlinoside were identified for the first time in wheat. The inhibitory power of the extracts of several batches were investigated on PTP1B enzyme. The product was not able to inhibit the enzyme, otherwise, for the first time, a complete inhibition was observed for schaftoside, a major C-flavonoid of wheat. The microbial composition was assessed identifying Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus as the main bacterial species. The fermented wheat was a suitable substrate for the grown of L. reuteri, recognized for its health properties in the human gut. The proposed method for phenols is easier compared to those based on strong basic hydrolysis; our results assessed the bound phenols as the major fraction, differently from that suggested by the literature for fermented cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Balli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, and Multidisciplinary Centre of Research on Food Sciences (M.C.R.F.S.- Ce.R.A.), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto F.no Firenze, Italy.
| | - Maria Bellumori
- Department of NEUROFARBA, and Multidisciplinary Centre of Research on Food Sciences (M.C.R.F.S.- Ce.R.A.), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto F.no Firenze, Italy.
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pieraccini
- Mass Spectrometry Center (CISM), Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Monica Di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Diana Di Gioia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nadia Mulinacci
- Department of NEUROFARBA, and Multidisciplinary Centre of Research on Food Sciences (M.C.R.F.S.- Ce.R.A.), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto F.no Firenze, Italy.
| | - Marzia Innocenti
- Department of NEUROFARBA, and Multidisciplinary Centre of Research on Food Sciences (M.C.R.F.S.- Ce.R.A.), University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto F.no Firenze, Italy.
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Dopamine production in Enterococcus faecium: A microbial endocrinology-based mechanism for the selection of probiotics based on neurochemical-producing potential. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207038. [PMID: 30485295 PMCID: PMC6261559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which probiotics may influence host physiology are still incompletely understood. Microbial endocrinology, a field representing the union of microbiology, endocrinology and neurobiology, has theorized that microorganisms have the capacity to serve as neurochemical delivery vehicles [1]. According to microbial endocrinology, neurochemicals can serve as a common language between host and bacterium, enabling bidirectional communication. We report herein the first demonstration that Enterococcus sp. has the capacity to produce dopamine in a gastrointestinal-like environment when supplied with the dopamine precursor L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa). The results presented herein provide a means to select probiotics based on neurochemical-producing potential and suggest the possibility that probiotics containing E. faecium may serve to influence the host through dopaminergic pathways.
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Hanchi H, Mottawea W, Sebei K, Hammami R. The Genus Enterococcus: Between Probiotic Potential and Safety Concerns-An Update. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1791. [PMID: 30123208 PMCID: PMC6085487 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A considerable number of strains belonging to different species of Enterococcus are highly competitive due to their resistance to wide range of pH and temperature. Their competitiveness is also owed to their ability to produce bacteriocins recognized for their wide-range effectiveness on pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Enterococcal bacteriocins have attracted great research interest as natural antimicrobial agents in the food industry, and as a potential drug candidate for replacing antibiotics in order to treat multiple drugs resistance pathogens. However, the prevalence of virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes and the ability to cause disease could compromise their application in food, human and animal health. From the current regulatory point of view, the genus Enterococcus is neither recommended for the QPS list nor have GRAS status. Although recent advances in molecular biology and the recommended methods for the safety evaluation of Enterococcus strains allowed the distinction between commensal and clinical clades, development of highly adapted methods and legislations are still required. In the present review, we evaluate some aspects of Enterococcus spp. related to their probiotic properties and safety concerns as well as the current and potential application in food systems and treatment of infections. The regulatory status of commensal Enterococcus candidates for food, feed, probiotic use, and recommended methods to assess and ensure their safety are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Hanchi
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Proteomics Potential of Biodiversity in Tunisia, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis (ISSBAT), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Walid Mottawea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Sebei
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Proteomics Potential of Biodiversity in Tunisia, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis (ISSBAT), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Hammami
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Muruzović MŽ, Mladenović KG, Žugić-Petrović TD, Čomić LR. Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditionally made Serbian Cheese and evaluation of their antagonistic potential against Enterobacteriaceae. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Ž. Muruzović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanović 12; 34000 Kragujevac Republic of Serbia
| | - Katarina G. Mladenović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanović 12; 34000 Kragujevac Republic of Serbia
| | | | - Ljiljana R. Čomić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology; University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanović 12; 34000 Kragujevac Republic of Serbia
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Beta-Defensin-2 and Beta-Defensin-3 Reduce Intestinal Damage Caused by Salmonella typhimurium Modulating the Expression of Cytokines and Enhancing the Probiotic Activity of Enterococcus faecium. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:6976935. [PMID: 29250559 PMCID: PMC5700477 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6976935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a major factor in human health and disease. This microbial community includes autochthonous (permanent inhabitants) and allochthonous (transient inhabitants) microorganisms that contribute to maintaining the integrity of the intestinal wall, modulating responses to pathogenic noxae and representing a key factor in the maturation of the immune system. If this healthy microbiota is disrupted by antibiotics, chemotherapy, or a change in diet, intestinal colonization by pathogenic bacteria or viruses may occur, leading to disease. To manage substantial microbial exposure, epithelial surfaces of the intestinal tract produce a diverse arsenal of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including, of considerable importance, the β-defensins, which directly kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Based on the literature data, the purpose of this work was to create a line of intestinal epithelial cells able to stably express gene encoding human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) and human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3), in order to test their role in S. typhimurium infections and their interaction with the bacteria of the gut microbiota.
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Bäuerl C, Umu ÖCO, Hernandez PE, Diep DB, Pérez-Martínez G. A Method to Assess Bacteriocin Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Mice. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28784971 DOI: 10.3791/56053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Very intriguing questions arise with our advancing knowledge on gut microbiota composition and the relationship with health, particularly relating to the factors that contribute to maintaining the population balance. However, there are limited available methodologies to evaluate these factors. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by many bacteria that may confer a competitive advantage for food acquisition and/or niche establishment. Many probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains have great potential to promote human and animal health by preventing the growth of pathogens. They can also be used for immuno-modulation, as they produce bacteriocins. However, the antagonistic activity of bacteriocins is normally determined by laboratory bioassays under well-defined but over-simplified conditions compared to the complex gut environment in humans and animals, where bacteria face multifactorial influences from the host and hundreds of microbial species sharing the same niche. This work describes a complete and efficient procedure to assess the effect of a variety of bacteriocins with different target specificities in a murine system. Changes in the microbiota composition during the bacteriocin treatment are monitored using compositional 16S rDNA sequencing. Our approach uses both the bacteriocin producers and their isogenic non-bacteriocin-producing mutants, the latter giving the ability to distinguish bacteriocin-related from non-bacteriocin-related modifications of the microbiota. The fecal DNA extraction and 16S rDNA sequencing methods are consistent and, together with the bioinformatics, constitute a powerful procedure to find faint changes in the bacterial profiles and to establish correlations, in terms of cholesterol and triglyceride concentration, between bacterial populations and health markers. Our protocol is generic and can thus be used to study other compounds or nutrients with the potential to alter the host microbiota composition, either when studying toxicity or beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrstine Bäuerl
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
| | - Özgun C O Umu
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)
| | - Pablo E Hernandez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM)
| | - Dzung B Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)
| | - Gaspar Pérez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC);
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Adnan M, Patel M, Hadi S. Functional and health promoting inherent attributes of Enterococcus hirae F2 as a novel probiotic isolated from the digestive tract of the freshwater fish Catla catla. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3085. [PMID: 28316889 PMCID: PMC5356477 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic microorganisms are gaining global importance because of their use in the preparation of a nutraceutical or in the treatment of infections. As per the health industry demand, there is an urgent need for exploring new indigenous probiotic strains with its specific origin due to variation in gut microflora, different food habits and specific host-microbial interactions. The main objective of the present study was to isolate and identify a novel probiotic Enterococcus strain from the gut of Catla catla fish and evaluate its potentiality as a potent probiotic. Methods The whole study was designed with the isolation of novel lactic acid bacterial strain from the gut of Catla catla fish with their biochemical and molecular identifications. The potentiality of the isolated strain as a potent probiotic was carried out according to the parameters described in FAD/WHO guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food. Results The isolated strain was confirmed as Enterococcus hirae F2 on the basis of various biochemical and 16s rRNA gene sequencing methods. Enterococcus hirae F2 was able to survive under highly acidic and bile salt concentration with the ability for the production of lipase and Bsh enzyme. It was also able to survive under simulated gastrointestinal conditions with the inhibition ability of various pathogens. The antioxidant potentiality with the cell surface hydrophobicity and cell aggregation ability confirms its potentiality as a potent probiotic. All the results detail the potency of Enterococcus hirae F2 as a novel probiotic for a safer use. Discussion The isolation of Enterococcus hirae with probiotic potential from the gut of fish is a new approach and done for the first time. However, the whole study concluded that the isolated strain might be used as a novel probiotic in the food industry for the production of new probiotic products which imparts health benefits to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adnan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail , Hail , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Bapalal Vaidhya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University , Surat , Gujarat , India
| | - Sibte Hadi
- School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire , Preston , Lancashire , United Kingdom
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Valdez-Vazquez I, Morales AL, Escalante AE. History of adaptation determines short-term shifts in performance and community structure of hydrogen-producing microbial communities degrading wheat straw. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1569-1580. [PMID: 28296150 PMCID: PMC5658582 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study addresses the question of ecological interest for the determination of structure and diversity of microbial communities that degrade lignocellulosic biomasses to produce biofuels. Two microbial consortia with different history, native of wheat straw (NWS) and from a methanogenic digester (MD) fed with cow manure, were contrasted in terms of hydrogen performance, substrate disintegration and microbial diversity. NWS outperformed the hydrogen production rate of MD. Microscopic images revealed that NWS acted on the cuticle and epidermis, generating cellulose strands with high crystallinity, while MD degraded deeper layers, equally affecting all polysaccharides. The bacterial composition markedly differed according to the inocula origin. NWS almost solely comprised hydrogen producers of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with 38% members of Enterococcus. After hydrogen fermentation, NWS comprised 8% Syntrophococcus, an acetogen that cleaves aryl ethers of constituent groups on the aromatic components of lignin. Conversely, MD comprised thirteen phyla, primarily including Firmicutes with H2‐producing members, and Bacteroidetes with non‐H2‐producing members, which reduced the hydrogen performance. Overall, the results of this study provide clear evidence that the history of adaptation of NWS enhanced the hydrogen performance from untreated wheat straw. Further, native wheat straw communities have the potential to refine cellulose fibers and produce biofuels simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idania Valdez-Vazquez
- Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, C.P 76230, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Ana L Morales
- Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, C.P 76230, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Ana E Escalante
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, D.F, Mexico
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Isolation and characterisation of an enterocin P-producing Enterococcus lactis strain from a fresh shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 110:771-786. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Högmander M, Paul CJ, Chan S, Hokkanen E, Eskonen V, Pahikkala T, Pihlasalo S. Luminometric Label Array for Counting and Differentiation of Bacteria. Anal Chem 2017; 89:3208-3216. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milla Högmander
- Department
of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Catherine J. Paul
- Applied
Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Water
Resources Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandy Chan
- Applied
Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Sweden
Water Research, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 15, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elina Hokkanen
- Department
of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Eskonen
- Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Pahikkala
- Department
of Information Technology, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie
5, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Pihlasalo
- Department
of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Applied
Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Laboratory
of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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Siroli L, Patrignani F, Serrazanetti DI, Vannini L, Salvetti E, Torriani S, Gardini F, Lanciotti R. Use of a nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strain, combined with natural antimicrobials, to improve the safety and shelf-life of minimally processed sliced apples. Food Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Prebiotic properties of crude oligosaccharide prepared from enzymatic hydrolysis of basil seed gum. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Veljović K, Popović N, Vidojević AT, Tolinački M, Mihajlović S, Jovčić B, Kojić M. Environmental waters as a source of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus species in Belgrade, Serbia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:599. [PMID: 26314345 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the number of studies on antibiotic-resistant enterococci from Serbian clinical settings, there are no data about environmental contamination with these bacteria. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in Belgrade, Serbia. Enterococcus species collected from ten surface water sites, including a lake, two major river systems, and springs, were tested. Among enterococci, we found single (21.7 %), double (17.4 %), and multiple antibiotic resistance patterns (56.3 %). Vancomycin-resistant strains were not found, indicating that their abundance in Belgrade is tightly linked to clinical settings. The multiple drug-resistant strains Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus mundtii were frequently detected in the lake during the swimming season and in the rivers near industrial zones. We confirmed the presence of ermB, ermC, ant(6)-Ia, tetM, and tetL and mutations in gyrA genes. The phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene of E. faecium isolates that harbor esp gene classified them into two groups based on high-bootstraps scores in the tree analysis. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of antibiotic-resistant enterococci revealed genomic similarity ranging from 75 to 100 %. This study indicates the importance of anthropogenic impact to the spread of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in environmental waters of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Veljović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P. O. Box 23, 11010, Belgrade, Serbia,
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Louiza L, Fatiha D, Halima ZK, Nour Eddine K. Bacteriocinogenic potential and genotypic characterization of three Enterococcus faecium isolates from Algerian raw milk and traditional butter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.14518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Goh HF, Philip K. Isolation and mode of action of bacteriocin BacC1 produced by nonpathogenic Enterococcus faecium C1. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:5080-90. [PMID: 26004828 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-9240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are present in fermented food products and help to improve shelf life and enhance the flavor of the food. They also produce metabolites such as bacteriocins to prevent the growth of undesirable or pathogenic bacteria. In this study, Enterococcus faecium C1 isolated from fermented cow milk was able to produce bacteriocin BacC1 and inhibit the growth of selected food-spoilage bacteria. The bacteriocin was purified through 4 steps: ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction column, a series of centrifugal steps, and finally reversed-phase HPLC. A membrane permeability test using SYTOX green dye (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY) showed that the bacteriocin caused significant disruptions to the test bacterial membrane, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. The molecular weight of the BacC1 obtained from SDS-PAGE was around 10kDa, and N-terminal sequencing revealed a partial amino acid sequence of BacC1: GPXGPXGP. The bacterial strain was nonhemolytic and not antibiotic resistant. Therefore, it has high potential for application in the food industry as an antimicrobial agent to extend the shelf life of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Goh
- Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K Philip
- Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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20
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Siroli L, Patrignani F, Serrazanetti DI, Tabanelli G, Montanari C, Gardini F, Lanciotti R. Lactic acid bacteria and natural antimicrobials to improve the safety and shelf-life of minimally processed sliced apples and lamb's lettuce. Food Microbiol 2015; 47:74-84. [PMID: 25583340 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of food-borne disease associated with the consumption of fresh and minimally processed fruits and vegetables have increased dramatically over the last few years. Traditional chemical sanitizers are unable to completely eradicate or kill the microorganisms on fresh produce. These conditions have stimulated research to alternative methods for increasing food safety. The use of protective cultures, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), has been proposed for minimally processed products. However, the application of bioprotective cultures has been limited at the industrial level. From this perspective, the main aims of this study were to select LAB from minimally processed fruits and vegetables to be used as biocontrol agents and then to evaluate the effects of the selected strains, alone or in combination with natural antimicrobials (2-(E)-hexenal/hexanal, 2-(E)-hexenal/citral for apples and thyme for lamb's lettuce), on the shelf-life and safety characteristics of minimally processed apples and lamb's lettuce. The results indicated that applying the Lactobacillus plantarum strains CIT3 and V7B3 to apples and lettuce, respectively, increased both the safety and shelf-life. Moreover, combining the selected strains with natural antimicrobials produced a further increase in the shelf-life of these products without detrimental effects on the organoleptic qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Siroli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Francesca Patrignani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Diana I Serrazanetti
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Giulia Tabanelli
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Chiara Montanari
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Fausto Gardini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Rosalba Lanciotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Campus of Food Science, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Agri-food Research, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena (FC), Italy.
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Liu W, Zhang L, Shi J, Yi H, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Gao W, Du M, Han X, Yu X. Assessment of the safety and applications of bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus faecium Y31 as an adjunct culture in North-eastern Chinese traditional fermentation paocai. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Rehaiem A, Belgacem ZB, Edalatian MR, Martínez B, Rodríguez A, Manai M, Guerra NP. Assessment of potential probiotic properties and multiple bacteriocin encoding-genes of the technological performing strain Enterococcus faecium MMRA. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Enterocin HZ produced by a wild Enterococcus faecium strain isolated from a traditional, starter-free pickled cheese. J DAIRY RES 2014; 81:164-72. [PMID: 24559899 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029914000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriogenic Enterococcus faecium HZ was identified by using biochemical (Strep-API 20, API-50 CHL, fatty acid profile) and 16S rRNA analysis (99·99 %). Ent. faecium HZ was sensitive to clinically important antibiotics such as vancomycin, and did not have gelatinase and haemolysis activities. Enterocin HZ, a bacteriocin from Ent. faecium HZ, was sensitive to papain and tyripsin, but resistant to pepsin, lipase, catalase, α-amylase, organic solvents, detergents, ß-mercaptoethanol, and heat treatment (90 °C/30 min). It was biologically active at pH 2·0-9·0 and synthesised at the highest level in MRS or M17 broth at 32 or 37 °C with an inoculum amount of 0·1-0·5 % and an initial pH of 6·0-7·0. Enterocin HZ production reached maximum level at middle and late logarithmic phase and its molecular weight was ∼4·5 kDa. It was active against some Gram-positive foodborne bacteria. Ent. faecium HZ or its bacteriocin enterocin HZ is a good candidate to be studied as a food biopreservative since enterocin HZ showed strong bactericidal activity against Listeria monocytogenes in UHT milk and also Ent. faecium HZ grew very well in milk and produced enterocin HZ at maximum level.
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Schirru S, Favaro L, Mangia NP, Basaglia M, Casella S, Comunian R, Fancello F, de Melo Franco BDG, de Souza Oliveira RP, Todorov SD. Comparison of bacteriocins production from Enterococcus faecium strains in cheese whey and optimised commercial MRS medium. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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25
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Ahmadova A, Todorov SD, Choiset Y, Rabesona H, Mirhadi Zadi T, Kuliyev A, Franco BDGDM, Chobert JM, Haertlé T. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity, probiotic properties and safety of wild strain Enterococcus faecium AQ71 isolated from Azerbaijani Motal cheese. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Sarra M, Taoufik G, Patrick LC, Benjamin B, Yannick F, Khaled H. Isolation and Characterization of Enterococci Bacteriocinic Strains from Tunisian Fish Viscera. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2013.46089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Halas V, Nochta I. Mannan Oligosaccharides in Nursery Pig Nutrition and Their Potential Mode of Action. Animals (Basel) 2012; 2:261-74. [PMID: 26486920 PMCID: PMC4494321 DOI: 10.3390/ani2020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of the paper is to provide a review of mannan oligosaccharide products in relation to their growth promoting effect and mode of action. Mannan oligosaccharide products maintain intestinal integrity and the digestive and absorptive function of the gut in the post-weaning period in pigs and enhance disease resistance by promoting antigen presentation. We find that dietary supplementation has growth promoting effects in pigs kept in a poor hygienic environment, while the positive effect of MOS is not observed in healthy pig herds with high hygienic standards. Abstract Mannan oligosaccharides (MOSs) are often referred to as one of the potential alternatives for antimicrobial growth promoters. The aim of the paper is to provide a review of mannan oligosaccharide products in relation to their growth promoting effect and mode of action based on the latest publications. We discuss the dietary impact of MOSs on (1) microbial changes, (2) morphological changes of gut tissue and digestibility of nutrients, and (3) immune response of pigs after weaning. Dietary MOSs maintain the intestinal integrity and the digestive and absorptive function of the gut in the post-weaning period. Recent results suggest that MOS enhances the disease resistance in swine by promoting antigen presentation facilitating thereby the shift from an innate to an adaptive immune response. Accordingly, dietary MOS supplementation has a potential growth promoting effect in pigs kept in a poor hygienic environment, while the positive effect of MOS is not observed in healthy pig herds with high hygienic standards that are able to maintain a high growth rate after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Halas
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Kaposvár University, P.O. Box 16, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Imre Nochta
- Provimi, P.O. Box 1, H-8112 Zichyújfalu, Hungary.
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28
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Ramakrishnan V, Narayan B, Halami PM. Combined effect of enterocin and lipase from Enterococcus faecium NCIM5363 against food borne pathogens: mode of action studies. Curr Microbiol 2012; 65:162-9. [PMID: 22580888 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-012-0138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Food borne diseases have a major impact on public health whose epidemiology is rapidly changing. The whole cells of pathogens involved or their toxins/metabolites affect the human health apart from spoiling sensory properties of the food products finally affecting the food industry as well as consumer health. With pathogens developing mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, there has been an increased need to replace antibiotics as well as chemical additives with naturally occurring bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are known to act mainly against Gram-positive pathogens and with little or no effect towards Gram-negative enteric bacteria. In the present study, combination effect of lipase and bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium NCIM5363, a highly lipolytic lactic acid bacterium against various food pathogens was assessed. The lipase in combination with enterocin exhibited a lethal effect against Gram-negative pathogens. Scanning electron microscopy studies carried out to ascertain the constitutive mode of action of lipase and enterocin revealed that the lipase degrades the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and creates a pore through which enterocin enters thereby resulting in cell death. The novelty of this work is the fact that this is the first report revealing the synergistic effect of lipase with enterocin against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Ramakrishnan
- Department of Food Microbiology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
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29
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Hadji-Sfaxi I, El-Ghaish S, Ahmadova A, Batdorj B, Le Blay-Laliberté G, Barbier G, Haertlé T, Chobert JM. Antimicrobial activity and safety of use of Enterococcus faecium PC4.1 isolated from Mongol yogurt. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chahad OB, El Bour M, Calo-Mata P, Boudabous A, Barros-Velàzquez J. Discovery of novel biopreservation agents with inhibitory effects on growth of food-borne pathogens and their application to seafood products. Res Microbiol 2011; 163:44-54. [PMID: 22041547 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selection of protective cultures is relevant in order to biopreserve and improve the functional safety of food products, mainly through inhibition of spoilage and/or pathogenic bacteria. Accordingly, the present study investigated potential applications of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the biopreservation of fish and shellfish products. For this purpose, a collection of 84 LAB strains isolated from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata) was identified and characterized for their inhibitory activities against the most relevant seafood-spoilage and pathogenic bacteria potentially present in commercial products. The bioactive strains belonged to the genus Enterococcus and exhibited inhibition against Carnobacterium sp, Bacillus sp, Listeria monocytogenes, Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio anguillarum. Treatment of cell-free extracts of the LAB strains with proteases revealed the proteinaceous nature of the inhibition. Interestingly, the cell-free extracts containing bacteriocins remained 100% active after treatment up to 100 °C for 30 min or 121 °C for 15 min. Molecular analysis led to identification of the bacteriocins investigated, including enterocins A, B, L50 and P. All of these proteins demonstrated remarkable anti-Listeria activity and were found to be heat-resistant small class IIa bacteriocins. The results presented in this work open the way for potential applications of these LAB strains to the biopreservation of minimally-processed seafood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouissal Bourouni Chahad
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer (INSTM), Rue 2 Mars 1934, 2025 Salammbô, Tunis, Tunisia.
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31
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Technological, functional and safety aspects of enterococci in fermented vegetable products: a mini-review. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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32
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Janssens M, Myter N, De Vuyst L, Leroy F. Species diversity and metabolic impact of the microbiota are low in spontaneously acidified Belgian sausages with an added starter culture of Staphylococcus carnosus. Food Microbiol 2011; 29:167-77. [PMID: 22202870 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quality of fermented sausages is affected by acidifying lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and colour- and flavour-promoting coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), whether or not used as starter culture. Artisan fermented sausages are often perceived as superior to industrial variants, partially because of the specific microbiota due to spontaneous acidification, which may be considered as an artisan characteristic. Therefore, two kinds of spontaneously acidified Belgian sausages were prepared (Belgian-type salami and Boulogne sausage), but with addition of a Staphylococcus carnosus culture. The Belgian-type salami was made from pork and beef, whereas the Boulogne sausage contained pork and horse meat. In all cases, Lactobacillus sakei was the dominant LAB species present on the raw materials and during fermentation, whereas enterococci remained present in the background. Enterobacteriaceae vanished after fermentation. The CNS species diversity on the raw materials was large and differed between the pork, beef, and horse meat. Nevertheless, this species diversity was annihilated during fermentation by the added S. carnosus culture. The volatiles fraction was mainly composed of aldehydes that originated from lipid oxidation and spices-derived compounds. Aromatic compounds that are typically associated to CNS activity, such as end-products from the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids, were not present in the Belgian-type salami and only marginally present in the Boulogne sausage. In conclusion, spontaneous acidification of Belgian-type fermented sausages leads to dominance of L. sakei and is no guarantee for bacterial contribution to the aroma profile when S. carnosus is added as a starter culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janssens
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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The influence of growth conditions on enterocin-like production by Enterococcus faecium CWBI-B1430 and Enterococcus mundtii CWBI-B1431 isolates from artisanal Peruvian cheeses. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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34
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Javed A, Masud T, ul Ain Q, Imran M, Maqsood S. Enterocins of Enterococcus faecium, emerging natural food preservatives. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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35
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Isolation, Characterization and Identification of a Potential Probiont from South Indian Fermented Foods (Kallappam, Koozh and Mor Kuzhambu) and Its Use as Biopreservative. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2010; 2:145-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-010-9052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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36
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AGUILAR CATALINA, KLOTZ BERNADETTE. EFFECT OF THE TEMPERATURE ON THE ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AGAINST ESCHERICHIA COLI AND LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES. J Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2010.00257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Vijayendra SVN, Rajashree K, Halami PM. Characterization of a heat stable anti-listerial bacteriocin produced by vancomycin sensitive Enterococcus faecium isolated from idli batter. Indian J Microbiol 2010; 50:243-6. [PMID: 23100837 PMCID: PMC3450325 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-010-0030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to produce various types of bacteriocins, ribosomally synthesized polypeptides, which have antibacterial spectrum against many food borne pathogens. Listeria monocytogenes, a pathogenic bacterium, is of particular concern to the food industry because of its ability to grow even at refrigeration temperatures and its tolerance to preservative agents. Some of the bacteriocins of LAB are known to have anti-listerial property. In the present study, the bacteriocin produced by vancomycin sensitive Enterococcus faecium El and J4 isolated from idli batter samples was characterized. The isolates were found to tolerate high temperatures of 60°C for 15 and 30 min and 70°C for 15 min. The bacteriocin was found to be heat stable and had anti-listerial activity. The bacteriocin did not lost anti-listerial activity when treated at 100°C for 30 min or at 121°C for 15 min. The bacteriocin lost its antimicrobial activity after treating with trypsin, protinase-K, protease and peptidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. V. N. Vijayendra
- Department of Food Microbiology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - K. Rajashree
- Department of Food Microbiology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - Prakash M. Halami
- Department of Food Microbiology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
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Belgacem ZB, Abriouel H, Omar NB, Lucas R, Martínez-Canamero M, Gálvez A, Manai M. Antimicrobial activity, safety aspects, and some technological properties of bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus faecium from artisanal Tunisian fermented meat. Food Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Abstract
AbstractFour novel heat-stable bacteriocin-like substances were found to be produced by Geobacillus stearothermophilus strains isolated from oil-wells in Lithuania. Geobacillus stearothermophilus 32A, 17, 30 and 31 strains were identified as producers of bacteriocins with bactericidal activity against closely related Geobacillus species and several pathogenic strains: Bacillus cereus DSM 12001 and Staphylococcus haemolyticus P903. The secretion of the analysed bacteriocins started during early logarithmic growth and dropped sharply after the culture entered the stationary phase of growth. The antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocins against sensitive indicator cells disappeared after treatment with proteolytic enzymes, indicating their proteinaceous nature. Bacteriocins were stable throughout the pH range between 4 and 10, and no loss in activity was noted following temperature exposures up to 100°C. Direct detection of antibacterial activity on SDS-PAGE suggests that the inhibitory peptides have a molecular weight of 6–7.5 kDa. Such bacteriocins with broad activity spectra, including antipathogenic action, are attractive to the biotechnology industry as they could be used as antimicrobial agents in medicine, agriculture and food products.
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NERO L, MATTOS M, BELOTI V, BARROS M, ORTOLANI M, FRANCO B. AUTOCHTHONOUS MICROBIOTA OF RAW MILK WITH ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY AGAINSTLISTERIA MONOCYTOGENESANDSALMONELLAENTERITIDIS. J Food Saf 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2009.00155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Fisher K, Phillips C. The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:1749-1757. [PMID: 19383684 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.026385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Enterococci are Gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacteria, which usually inhabit the alimentary tract of humans in addition to being isolated from environmental and animal sources. They are able to survive a range of stresses and hostile environments, including those of extreme temperature (5-65 degrees C), pH (4.5-10.0) and high NaCl concentration, enabling them to colonize a wide range of niches. Virulence factors of enterococci include the extracellular protein Esp and aggregation substances (Agg), both of which aid in colonization of the host. The nosocomial pathogenicity of enterococci has emerged in recent years, as well as increasing resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics. Understanding the ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus species is important for limiting urinary tract infections, hepatobiliary sepsis, endocarditis, surgical wound infection, bacteraemia and neonatal sepsis, and also stemming the further development of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Fisher
- University of Northampton, School of Health, Park Campus, Boughton Green Road, Northampton NN2 7AL, UK
| | - Carol Phillips
- University of Northampton, School of Health, Park Campus, Boughton Green Road, Northampton NN2 7AL, UK
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42
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Thirabunyanon M, Boonprasom P, Niamsup P. Probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented dairy milks on antiproliferation of colon cancer cells. Biotechnol Lett 2008; 31:571-6. [PMID: 19116692 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mongkol Thirabunyanon
- Biotechnology Section, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand.
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43
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Gálvez A, López RL, Abriouel H, Valdivia E, Omar NB. Application of Bacteriocins in the Control of Foodborne Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008; 28:125-52. [DOI: 10.1080/07388550802107202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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44
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Bhardwaj A, Malik RK, Chauhan P. Functional and safety aspects of enterococci in dairy foods. Indian J Microbiol 2008; 48:317-25. [PMID: 23100728 PMCID: PMC3476767 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-008-0041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Enterococcus like other LAB has also been featured in dairy industry for decades due to its specific biochemical traits such as lipolysis, proteolysis, and citrate breakdown, hence contributing typical taste and flavor to the dairy foods. Furthermore, the production of bacteriocins by enterococci (enterocins) is well documented. These technological applications have led to propose enterococci as adjunct starters or protective cultures in fermented foods. Moreover, enterococci are nowadays promoted as probiotics, which are claimed for the maintenance of normal intestinal microflora, stimulation of the immune system and improvement of nutritional value of foods. At the same time, enterococci present an emerging pool of opportunistic pathogens for humans as they cause disease, possess agents for antibiotic resistance, and are frequently armed with potential virulence factors. Because of this "dualistic" nature, the use of enterococci remains a debatable issue. However, based on a long history of safe association of particular enterococci with some traditional food fermentations, the use of such strains appears to bear no particular risk for human health. Abundance of knowledge as well as progress in molecular techniques has, however, enabled exact characterization and safety assessment of strains. Therefore, a balanced evaluation of both, beneficial and undesirable nature of enterococci is required. A clear understanding of their status may, therefore, allow their safe use as a starter, or a probiotic strain. The present review describes the broader insight of the benefits and risks of enterococci in dairy foods and their safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Bhardwaj
- Microbial Metabolites Laboratory, Dairy Microbiology Division National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001 India
| | - R. K. Malik
- Microbial Metabolites Laboratory, Dairy Microbiology Division National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001 India
| | - Prashant Chauhan
- Microbial Metabolites Laboratory, Dairy Microbiology Division National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001 India
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Assessment of environmental enterococci: bacterial antagonism, pathogenic capacity and antibiotic resistance. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2008; 94:555-62. [PMID: 18683076 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-008-9272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The properties of 166 environmental strains belonging to the seven enterococcal species were studied. Enterococci originated mainly from surface- and waste-waters. They were screened for the presence of enterocins, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance. The presence of different enterocin genes (entA, entB, entP, ent31, entL50AB) was frequently observed in our enterococcal isolates, 109 strains contained at least one enterocin gene. The distribution of enterocin genes varied according to the species, the genes were present mainly in E. hirae and E. faecium. By enterocin spot assay, 10 isolates inhibited the growth of Listeria strains. To evaluate the pathogenic ability of isolates, the distribution of selected virulence genes (cylA, gelE and esp) was investigated, eleven strains were positive in some of these genes, five of them belonged to E. faecalis. Regarding the antibiotic resistance of isolates, only two strains were multiresistant and two strains (E. hirae and E. casseliflavus) were resistant to vancomycin.
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Yoon MY, Kim YJ, Hwang HJ. Properties and safety aspects of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from Chungkukjang, a fermented soy product. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2007.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Effect of Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus lactis and Enterococcus faecalis on the behaviour of Staphylococcus aureus in microfiltered milk. Food Microbiol 2008; 25:502-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 12/13/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Coetzee JCJ, Todorov SD, Görgens JF, Dicks LMT. Increased production of bacteriocin ST4SA byEnterococcus mundtii ST4SA in modified corn steep liquor. ANN MICROBIOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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49
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Evaluation of different PCR-based approaches for the identification and typing of environmental enterococci. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2007; 93:193-203. [PMID: 17929191 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-007-9193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the work was the evaluation of different PCR-based methods to found an appropriate identification and typing strategy for environmental enterococci. Environmental enterococci were isolated mainly from surface- and waste-waters. Species identification was provided by combination of phenotypic (Micronaut System, Merlin) and molecular detection methods (fluorescent ITS-PCR, ddl-PCR, REP-PCR, AFLP). Very similar results were observed among molecular methods, however several discrepancies were recognized during comparison of molecular and biochemical identification. Seven enterococcal species (E. faecium, E. hirae, E. casseliflavus, E. mundtii, E. faecalis, E. durans and E. gallinarum) were identified within 166 environmental isolates. The results obtained in this work attest the importance of PCR-based methods for identification and typing of environmental enterococci. The fluorescent ITS-PCR (fITS-PCR) showed the best results in order to identify the enterococci strains, the method used the automated capillary electrophoresis to separate the PCR products in a very rapid and precise way. The AFLP method was suitable to identify and characterize the isolates, while the REP-PCR can be used for species identification.
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Kostrzynska M, Bachand A. Use of microbial antagonism to reduce pathogen levels on produce and meat products: a review. Can J Microbiol 2006; 52:1017-26. [PMID: 17215892 DOI: 10.1139/w06-058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are often utilized to control food-borne pathogens on produce and on cooked, fermented, or refrigerated meats. Most research to date has focused on the inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Clostridium botulinum, and spoilage microorganisms. LAB are excellent candidates for reducing pathogen levels on foods because they inhibit the growth of these microorganisms through various mechanisms without causing unacceptable sensory changes. This review provides an up-to-date look at research directed at maximizing the use of LAB by selecting the most appropriate strains, by learning how to apply them to foods most effectively, and by gaining an understanding of the mechanism by which they inhibit pathogens.Key words: bacterial competition, lactic acid bacteria, food-borne pathogens, meat products, produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kostrzynska
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Food Research Program, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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