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Soriano-Jerez Y, Macías-de la Rosa A, García-Abad L, López-Rosales L, Maza-Márquez P, García-Camacho F, Bressy C, Cerón-García MC, Molina-Grima E. Transparent antibiofouling coating to improve the efficiency of Nannochloropsis gaditana and Chlorella sorokiniana culture photobioreactors at the pilot-plant scale. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140669. [PMID: 37967681 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of industrial-scale facilities for microalgae cultivation is limited due to the high operation costs. One of the main problems in obtaining an efficient and long-lasting microalgae culture system is biofouling. The particular issue when developing antibiofouling surfaces for microalgae cultures is that the material must be transparent. The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the antibiofouling efficiency of a non-toxic polydimethylsiloxane-based coating prepared with polyethylene glycol-based copolymer on different photobioreactors at the pilot-plant scale. The antifouling properties result from the development of a fouling-release coating utilizing hydrogel technology. Nannochloropsis gaditana and Chlorella sorokiniana were cultured outdoors for 3 months over the summer, when biofouling formation is at its highest due to environmental conditions, to test the coating's antibiofouling efficiency. Although biofouling was not completely prevented in either photobioreactor, the coating significantly reduced cell adhesion compared to the polydimethylsiloxane control (70% less adhesion). Therefore, this coating was shown to be a good alternative for constructing efficient closed-photobioreactors at the pilot-plant scale, at least for cultures lasting 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Soriano-Jerez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - A Macías-de la Rosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - L García-Abad
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - L López-Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - P Maza-Márquez
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F García-Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - C Bressy
- Laboratoire MAPIEM, U.R. 4323, SeaTech Ecole d'Ingénieur, Université de Toulon, CS, 60584, 83041, Toulon, Cedex 9, France
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - E Molina-Grima
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
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Macías-de la Rosa A, López-Rosales L, Cerón-García MC, Molina-Miras A, Soriano-Jerez Y, Sánchez-Mirón A, Seoane S, García-Camacho F. Assessment of the marine microalga Chrysochromulina rotalis as bioactive feedstock cultured in an easy-to-deploy light-emitting-diode-based tubular photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129818. [PMID: 37793555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine microalgae have potential to be low-cost raw materials. This depends on the exploitation of different biomass fractions for high-value products, including unique compounds. Chrysochromulina rotalis, an under-explored haptophyte with promising properties, was the focus of this study. For the first time, C. rotalis was successfully cultivated in an 80 L tubular photobioreactor, illuminated by an easy-to-use light-emitting-diode-based system. C. rotalis grew without certain trace elements and showed adaptability to different phosphorus sources, allowing a significant reduction in the N:P ratio without compromising biomass yield and productivity. The design features of the photobioreactor provided a protective environment that ensured consistent biomass production from this shear-sensitive microalgae. Carotenoid analysis showed fucoxanthin and its derivatives as major components, with essential fatty acids making up a significant proportion of the total. The study emphasizes the tubular photobioreactor's role in sustainable biomass production for biorefineries, with C. rotalis as a valuable bioactive feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Macías-de la Rosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - L López-Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M C Cerón-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Molina-Miras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Y Soriano-Jerez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Mirón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - S Seoane
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48620 Plentzia, Spain
| | - F García-Camacho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Devi A, Verma M, Saratale GD, Saratale RG, Ferreira LFR, Mulla SI, Bharagava RN. Microalgae: A green eco-friendly agents for bioremediation of tannery wastewater with simultaneous production of value-added products. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139192. [PMID: 37353172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Tannery wastewater (TWW) has high BOD, COD, TS and variety of pollutants like chromium, formaldehydes, biocides, oils, chlorophenols, detergents and phthalates etc. Besides these pollutants, TWW also rich source of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and sulphur etc. that can be utilized by microalgae during their growth. Direct disposal of TWW into the environment may lead severe environmental and health threats, therefore it needs to be treated adequately. Microalgae are considered as an efficient microorganisms (fast growing, adaptability and strain robustness, high surface to volume ratio, energy saving) for remediation of wastewaters with simultaneous biomass recovery and generation of value added products (VAPs) such as biofuels, biohydrogen, biopolymer, biofertilizer, pigments, bioethanol, bioactive compounds, nutraceutical etc. Most microalgae are photosynthetic and use CO2 and light energy to synthesise carbohydrate and reduces the emission of greenhouse gasses. Microalgae are also reported to remove heavy metals and antibiotics from wastewaters by bioaccumulation, biodegradation and biosorption. Microalgal treatment can be an alternative of conventional processes with generation of VAPs. The use of biotechnology in wastewater remediation with simultaneous generation of VAPs is trending. The validation of economic viability and environmental sustainability, life cycle assessment studies and techno-economic analysis is undergoing. Thus, in this review, the characteristics of TWW and microalgae are summarized, which manifest microalgae as potential candidates for wastewater remediation with simultaneous production of VAPs. Further, the treatment mechanisms, various factors (physical, chemical, mechanical and biological etc.) affecting treatment efficiency as well as challenges associated with microalgal remediation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Devi
- Laboratory of Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226 025 (U.P.), India
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- University Centre of Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Panjab, India
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Luiz Fernando R Ferreira
- Waste and Effluent Treatment Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE 49032-490, Brazil; Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, 49032-490 Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, India
| | - Ram Naresh Bharagava
- Laboratory of Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR), Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226 025 (U.P.), India.
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Pinto J, Colónia J, Abdolvaseei A, Vale C, Henriques B, Pereira E. Algal sorbents and prospects for their application in the sustainable recovery of rare earth elements from E-waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27767-8. [PMID: 37227641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and sustainable secondary sourcing of Rare-Earth Elements (REE) is essential to counter supply bottlenecks and the impacts associated with primary mining. Recycled electronic waste (E-waste) is considered a promising REE source and hydrometallurgical methods followed by chemical separation techniques (usually solvent extraction) have been successfully applied to these wastes with high REE yields. However, the generation of acidic and organic waste streams is considered unsustainable and has led to the search for "greener" approaches. Sorption-based technologies using biomass such as bacteria, fungi and algae have been developed to sustainably recover REE from e-waste. Algae sorbents in particular have experienced growing research interest in recent years. Despite its high potential, sorption efficiency is strongly influenced by sorbent-specific parameters such as biomass type and state (fresh/dried, pre-treatment, functionalization) as well as solution parameters such as pH, REE concentration, and matrix complexity (ionic strength and competing ions). This review highlights differences in experimental conditions among published algal-based REE sorption studies and their impact on sorption efficiency. Since research into algal sorbents for REE recovery from real wastes is still in its infancy, aspects such as the economic viability of a realistic application are still unexplored. However, it has been proposed to integrate REE recovery into an algal biorefinery concept to increase the economics of the process (by providing a range of additional products), but also in the prospect of achieving carbon neutrality (as large-scale algae cultivation can act as a CO2 sink).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João Colónia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos Vale
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Tavares J, Silva TP, Paixão SM, Alves L. Development of a bench-scale photobioreactor with a novel recirculation system for continuous cultivation of microalgae. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 332:117418. [PMID: 36753845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation can be used to increase the sustainability of carbon emitting processes, converting the CO2 from exhaust gases into fuels, food and chemicals. Many of the carbon emitting industries operate in a continuous manner, for periods that can span days or months, resulting in a continuous stream of gas emissions. Biogenic CO2 from industrial microbiological processes is one example, since in many cases it becomes unsustainable to stop these processes on a daily or weekly basis. To correctly sequester these emissions, microalgae systems must be operated under continuous constant conditions, requiring photobioreactors (PBRs) that can act as chemostats for long periods of time. However, in order to optimize culture parameters or study metabolic responses, bench-scale setups are necessary. Currently there is a lack of studies and design alternatives using chemostat, since most works focus on batch assays or semi-continuous cultures. Therefore, this work focused on the development of a continuous bench-scale PBR, which combines a retention vessel, a photocollector and a degasser, with an innovative recirculation system, that allows it to operate as an autotrophic chemostat, to study carbon sequestration from a biogenic CO2-rich constant air stream. To assess its applicability, the PBR was used to cultivate the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis using as sole carbon source the CO2 produced by a coupled heterotrophic bacterial chemostat. An air stream containing ≈0.35 vol% of CO2, was fed to the system, and it was evaluated in terms of stability, carbon fixation and biomass productivity, for dilution rates ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 d-1. The PBR was able to operate under chemostat conditions for more than 100 days, producing a stable culture that generated proportional responses to the stimuli it was subjected to, attaining a maximum biomass productivity of 183 mg/L/d with a carbon fixation efficiency of ≈39% at 0.3 d-1. These results reinforce the effectiveness of the developed PBR system, making it suitable for laboratory-scale studies of continuous photoautotrophic microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Tavares
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, IP, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago P Silva
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, IP, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana M Paixão
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, IP, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Luís Alves
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, IP, Unidade de Bioenergia e Biorrefinarias, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal.
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6
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Enhanced Algal Biomass Production in a Novel Electromagnetic Photobioreactor (E-PBR). Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:395. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Helchi S, Pajoum Shariati F, Emamshoushtari MM, Sohani E, Moayed Mohseni M, Bonakdarpour B. The hydrodynamic characterization of an oval airlift open pond (AOP) in the air–water system. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2022.2150616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salar Helchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Pajoum Shariati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Sohani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moayed Mohseni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bonakdarpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Hejna M, Kapuścińska D, Aksmann A. Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: A Review on Eco-Toxicology and the Remediation Potential of Algae. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137717. [PMID: 35805373 PMCID: PMC9266021 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of the aquatic environment has become a worldwide problem. The widespread use of pesticides, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals through anthropogenic activities has increased the emission of such contaminants into wastewater. Pharmaceuticals constitute a significant class of aquatic contaminants and can seriously threaten the health of non-target organisms. No strict legal regulations on the consumption and release of pharmaceuticals into water bodies have been implemented on a global scale. Different conventional wastewater treatments are not well-designed to remove emerging contaminants from wastewater with high efficiency. Therefore, particular attention has been paid to the phycoremediation technique, which seems to be a promising choice as a low-cost and environment-friendly wastewater treatment. This technique uses macro- or micro-algae for the removal or biotransformation of pollutants and is constantly being developed to cope with the issue of wastewater contamination. The aims of this review are: (i) to examine the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in water, and their toxicity on non-target organisms and to describe the inefficient conventional wastewater treatments; (ii) present cost-efficient algal-based techniques of contamination removal; (iii) to characterize types of algae cultivation systems; and (iv) to describe the challenges and advantages of phycoremediation.
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Modelling Nannochloropsis gaditana Growth in Reactors with Different Geometries, Determination of Kinetic Parameters and Biochemical Analysis in Response to Light Intensity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular and photosynthetic microorganisms which grow thanks to inorganic salts, CO2 and light, and find applications in several fields thanks to their variety. The industrial application of microalgae has not often been fully exploited because of a lack of information about how microalgae respond to inputs and to different growth environments. In the present work a model able to predict the microalgae growth in reactors with different geometries was developed. We combined a Monod-like model for the specific growth rate with the Lambert-Beer law of homogeneous light distribution in thick photobioreactors. Kinetic parameters related to the cultivation of the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana were obtained, for the first time through batch cultivation under different photon flux densities inside a quasi-isoactinic photobioreactor, in order to obtain a practically homogeneous light distribution. The maximum specific growth rate and saturation constant resulted, respectively as µmax = 0.0256 h−1 and Ik = 15.28 µE s−1m−2. These parameters were applied to the model to obtain data on microalgae growth in different geometries. Model simulation results are presented and discussed. Furthermore, biochemical analysis was performed on the biomass obtained at the end of each batch cultivation, grown both under different light intensities and in reactors with different configurations. Results indicated that lipid content increases with increasing average photon flux density. The fatty acid and carotenoids profiles markedly shift when the average light intensity varies: the PUFA content decreases and the SFA content increases when the average light intensity rises, and an accumulation of carotenoids at lower photon flux densities is observed. In conclusion, the model resulted in a useful tool, able to predict the growth of the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana in reactors with different configurations.
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Pan Y, Shen Y, Zhang H, Ran X, Xie T, Zhang Y, Yao C. Fine-tuned regulation of photosynthetic performance via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supply coupled with high initial cell density culture for economic starch production in microalgae. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:52. [PMID: 38647858 PMCID: PMC10992858 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal starch is considered as renewable and sustainable feedstock for biofuels and biorefinery. High cell density culture is favourable for photoautotrophic starch production in microalgae in the aspects of productivity and economy, but it often encounters low starch content or extra stress exposure that limits the production. This study aimed to economically enhance photosynthetic starch production from CO2 fixation in a green microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis by regulating photosynthetic stress status with a signalling molecule γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) combined with the application of high initial cell density culture. By increasing initial cell density (ICD) from the normal of 1.1 g L-1 (NICD) to as high as 2.8 g L-1 (HICD), the starch content, yield, and theoretical productivity were improved by 7%, 63%, and 42%, respectively. The addition of GABA under HICD resulted in 14%, 19%, and 26% of further enhancement in starch content, yield, and theoretical productivity, respectively. GABA exhibited distinct regulatory mechanisms on photosynthesis and stress status under HICD relative to NICD. GABA augmented excessive light energy absorption and electron transfer through photosystem II that reinforced the photoinhibition under NICD, while alleviated the stress reversely under HICD, both of which facilitated starch production by enabling a suitable stress status while simultaneously maintaining a sufficient photosynthetic activity. The increase of ICD and/or GABA supply particularly boosted amylopectin accumulation, leading to the changes in starch composition and was more favourable for fermentation-based biofuels production. Preliminary techno-economic analysis showed that the highest net extra benefit of 9.64 $ m-3 culture could be obtained under HICD with 2.5 mM GABA supply where high starch content (62%DW) and yield (2.5 g L-1) were achieved. The combined HICD-GABA regulation was a promising strategy for economic starch production from CO2 by microalgae for sustainable biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuyuan Ran
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Tonghui Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Changhong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
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Lab-scale photobioreactor systems: principles, applications, and scalability. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:791-813. [PMID: 35303143 PMCID: PMC9033726 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phototrophic microorganisms that convert carbon dioxide are being explored for their capacity to solve different environmental issues and produce bioactive compounds for human therapeutics and as food additives. Full-scale phototrophic cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria can be done in open ponds or closed photobioreactor systems, which have a broad range of volumes. This review focuses on laboratory-scale photobioreactors and their different designs. Illuminated microtiter plates and microfluidic devices offer an option for automated high-throughput studies with microalgae. Illuminated shake flasks are used for simple uncontrolled batch studies. The application of illuminated bubble column reactors strongly emphasizes homogenous gas distribution, while illuminated flat plate bioreactors offer high and uniform light input. Illuminated stirred-tank bioreactors facilitate the application of very well-defined reaction conditions. Closed tubular photobioreactors as well as open photobioreactors like small-scale raceway ponds and thin-layer cascades are applied as scale-down models of the respective large-scale bioreactors. A few other less common designs such as illuminated plastic bags or aquarium tanks are also used mainly because of their relatively low cost, but up-scaling of these designs is challenging with additional light-driven issues. Finally, this review covers recommendations on the criteria for photobioreactor selection and operation while up-scaling of phototrophic bioprocesses with microalgae or cyanobacteria.
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Mass Cultivation of Microalgae: I. Experiences with Vertical Column Airlift Photobioreactors, Diatoms and CO2 Sequestration. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
From 2015 to 2021, we optimized mass cultivation of diatoms in our own developed vertical column airlift photobioreactors using natural and artificial light (LEDs). The project took place at the ferrosilicon producer Finnfjord AS in North Norway as a joint venture with UiT—The Arctic University of Norway. Small (0.1–6–14 m3) reactors were used for initial experiments and to produce inoculum cultures while upscaling experiments took place in a 300 m3 reactor. We here argue that species cultivated in reactors should be large since biovolume specific self-shadowing of light can be lower for large vs. small cells. The highest production, 1.28 cm3 L−1 biovolume (0.09–0.31 g DW day−1), was obtained with continuous culture at ca. 19% light utilization efficiency and 34% CO2 uptake. We cultivated 4–6 months without microbial contamination or biofouling, and this we argue was due to a natural antifouling (anti-biofilm) agent in the algae. In terms of protein quality all essential amino acids were present, and the composition and digestibility of the fatty acids were as required for feed ingredients. Lipid content was ca. 20% of ash-free DW with high EPA levels, and omega-3 and amino acid content increased when factory fume was added. The content of heavy metals in algae cultivated with fume was well within the accepted safety limits. Organic pollutants (e.g., dioxins and PCBs) were below the limits required by the European Union food safety regulations, and bioprospecting revealed several promising findings.
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13
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The Effects of Photobioreactor Type on Biomass and Lipid Production of the Green Microalga Monoraphidium pusillum in Laboratory Scale. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mass production of microorganisms, algae among them, for new bioactive compounds and renewable innovative products is a current issue in biotechnology. The greatest challenge of basic research on this topic is to find the best solution for both physiology and scalability. In this study, the main goal was to highlight the contradictions of physiological and technological optimization in the same, relatively small, laboratory scale. The green alga Monoraphidium pusillum (Printz) Komárková-Legnorová was cultured in a conventional Erlenmeyer flask (as air bubbled in a tank-type photobioreactor) and in a hybrid (fermenter type + helical tubular type) photobioreactor of the same volume (2.8 L). Higher cell numbers from 1.7–2.3-fold, 2–2.8-fold higher dry masses, and 1.9–2.6-fold higher total lipid contents (mg·L−1) were measured in the tank reactor than in the hybrid reactor. Cultures in the conventional tank reactor were characterized with better nutrient utilization (42.8–77.7% higher phosphate uptake) and more diverse lipid composition than in the hybrid reactor. The study highlights that well-scalable arrangements and settings could be not optimal (or unsuitable in some cases) from a physiological point of view. The results suggest certain developmental directions for complex, well-scalable devices and highlight the importance of testing the gained physiological optima on these systems.
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The Oxygen Paradigm—Quantitative Impact of High Concentrations of Dissolved Oxygen on Kinetics and Large-Scale Production of Arthrospira platensis. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of Arthrospira platensis in tubular photobioreactors (tPBRs) presents a promising approach for the commercial production of nutraceuticals and food products as it can achieve high productivity and effective process control. In closed photobioreactors, however, high amounts of photosynthetically produced oxygen can accumulate. So far, there has been a wide range of discussion on how dissolved oxygen concentrations (DOCs) affect bioprocess kinetics, and the subject has mainly been assessed empirically. In this study, we used photorespirometry to quantify the impact of DOCs on the growth kinetics and phycocyanin content of the widely cultivated cyanobacterium A. platensis. The photorespirometric routine revealed that the illumination intensity and cell dry weight concentration are important interconnected process parameters behind the impact that DOCs have on the bioprocess kinetics. Unfavorable process conditions such as low biomass concentrations or high illumination intensities yielded significant growth inhibition and reduced the phycocyanin content of A. platensis by up to 35%. In order to predict the biomass productivity of the large-scale cultivation of A. platensis in tPBRs, a simple process model was extended to include photoautotrophic oxygen production and accumulation in the tPBR to evaluate the performance of two configurations of a 5000 L tPBR.
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15
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Arthrospira platensis Cultivation in a Bench-Scale Helical Tubular Photobioreactor. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Cultivations of Arthrospira platensis were carried out to evaluate the CO2 capture capacity of this cyanobacterium under bench-scale conditions. For this purpose, the influence of light intensity on the microbial growth and the photosynthetic efficiency has been investigated in a helical photobioreactor. Five cultivations were performed at different photosynthetic photon flux densities (23 ≤ PPFD ≤ 225 µmol photons m−2 s−1) by fed-batch pulse-feeding pure carbon dioxide from a cylinder into the helicoidal photobioreactor. In particular, a range of PPFD (82–190 µmol photons m−2 s−1) was identified in which biomass concentration reached values (9–11 gDW L−1) significantly higher than those reported in the literature for other configurations of closed photobioreactors. Furthermore, as A. platensis suspensions behave as Newtonian and non-Newtonian (pseudoplastic) fluids at very low and high biomass concentrations, respectively, a flow analysis was carried out for evaluating the most suitable mixing conditions depending on growth. The results obtained in this study appear to be very promising and suggest the use of this helicoidal photobioreactor configuration to reduce CO2 emissions from industrial gaseous effluents.
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Fernández Del Olmo P, Acién FG, Fernández-Sevilla JM. Productivity analysis in tubular photobioreactors using a dynamic photosynthesis model coupled to computational fluid dynamics particle tracking. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126277. [PMID: 34752890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tubular photobioreactors (TPBRs) are closed devices used for the mass culture of microalgae. TPBRs are supposed to be well-mixed, but the influence of their specific fluid dynamics in photosynthesis efficiency has never been studied in detail. Here, we use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) coupled to a dynamic photosynthesis model to analyze the efficiency of the photosynthetic response in the loop of TPBRs of different sizes (14, 24, 44, 64, and 84 mm) and circulation velocities (0.4 to 1 m s-1). The results show that only the smallest diameters cause enough radial mixing for a photosynthesis-enhancing light regime (integration factor Γ = 0.199 for D = 14 mm and v = 1 m s-1) while high circulation velocities in larger diameters (up to 1 m s-1) increase operating costs but do not enhance photosynthetic productivity. It is also shown the relevance of the characteristic frequency of the strain (β), which is crucial for high productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fernández Del Olmo
- Institute for Research in Agriculture and Fisheries, Junta de Andalucía, E04720 Almería, Spain
| | - F G Acién
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería / Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - J M Fernández-Sevilla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería / Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Laifa R, Morchain J, Barna L, Guiraud P. A numerical framework to predict the performances of a tubular photobioreactor from operating and sunlight conditions. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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18
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Flores-Salgado G, Quijano G, Vital-Jácome M, Buitrón G, Orozco-Soto SM, Vera-Bustamante P, Ibarra Zannatha JM, Thalasso F. Novel photo-microrespirometric method for the rapid determination of photosynthesis-irradiance (PI) curves in microalgal-bacterial systems. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Villaró S, Ciardi M, Morillas-España A, Sánchez-Zurano A, Acién-Fernández G, Lafarga T. Microalgae Derived Astaxanthin: Research and Consumer Trends and Industrial Use as Food. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102303. [PMID: 34681351 PMCID: PMC8534595 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a high-value carotenoid currently being produced by chemical synthesis and by extraction from the biomass of the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Other microalgae, such as Chlorella zofingiensis, have the potential for being used as sources of astaxanthin. The differences between the synthetic and the microalgae derived astaxanthin are notorious: not only their production and price but also their uses and bioactivity. Microalgae derived astaxanthin is being used as a pigment in food and feed or aquafeed production and also in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Several health-promoting properties have been attributed to astaxanthin, and these were summarized in the current review paper. Most of these properties are attributed to the high antioxidant capacity of this molecule, much higher than that of other known natural compounds. The aim of this review is to consider the main challenges and opportunities of microalgae derived products, such as astaxanthin as food. Moreover, the current study includes a bibliometric analysis that summarizes the current research trends related to astaxanthin. Moreover, the potential utilization of microalgae other than H. pluvialis as sources of astaxanthin as well as the health-promoting properties of this valuable compound will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Villaró
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Almería, Spain; (S.V.); (M.C.); (A.M.-E.); (A.S.-Z.); (G.A.-F.)
- CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Martina Ciardi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Almería, Spain; (S.V.); (M.C.); (A.M.-E.); (A.S.-Z.); (G.A.-F.)
- CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Ainoa Morillas-España
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Almería, Spain; (S.V.); (M.C.); (A.M.-E.); (A.S.-Z.); (G.A.-F.)
- CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Zurano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Almería, Spain; (S.V.); (M.C.); (A.M.-E.); (A.S.-Z.); (G.A.-F.)
- CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Gabriel Acién-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Almería, Spain; (S.V.); (M.C.); (A.M.-E.); (A.S.-Z.); (G.A.-F.)
- CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Tomas Lafarga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Almería, Spain; (S.V.); (M.C.); (A.M.-E.); (A.S.-Z.); (G.A.-F.)
- CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Almería, Spain
- Correspondence:
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21
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Fuchs T, Arnold ND, Garbe D, Deimel S, Lorenzen J, Masri M, Mehlmer N, Weuster-Botz D, Brück TB. A Newly Designed Automatically Controlled, Sterilizable Flat Panel Photobioreactor for Axenic Algae Culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:697354. [PMID: 34277591 PMCID: PMC8280782 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.697354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In context of the global climate change, microalgae processes are gaining momentum as a biotechnological tool for direct fixation and valorization of greenhouse gases. Algae have the metabolic capacity to photosynthetically convert CO2 into high value products, such as food additives, under economic boundary conditions. High cost, commercial flat panel gas-lift bioreactors for microalgae cultivation at laboratory scale provide either small volumes or no sterile operation, which limits academic research. This brief report presents initial data for a new type of sterile operating flat panel gas-lift bioreactor with a unique asymmetrical U-shape. It utilizes automatable process control technologies that adhere to industrial standards to enhance data reproducibility and aid industrial scale up. The practicability was demonstrated using a Chlorella sorokiniana cultivation, which showed the typical growth behavior. Due to the sophisticated implemented control engineering technology, pivotal parameters as pH and temperature can be determined within a range of ±0.1 units, which was confirmed experimentally. The new flat panel gas-lift photobioreactor presented in this brief report fills the technology gap at laboratory scale with an autoclavable volume of 7.2 L. Moreover, it is easy to rebuild by means of the hereby provided blueprint, while exhibiting a six-fold cost reduction compared to commercially available flat panel photobioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fuchs
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Technical University of Munich, Taufkirchen, Germany
| | - Nathanael D Arnold
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Technical University of Munich, Taufkirchen, Germany
| | - Simon Deimel
- Bürkert Werke GmbH & Co., KG, Systemhaus Ingelfingen, Ingelfingen, Germany
| | - Jan Lorenzen
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Masri
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Technical University of Munich, Taufkirchen, Germany.,Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas B Brück
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.,TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Technical University of Munich, Taufkirchen, Germany
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22
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Improvements in Conventional Modeling Practices for Effective Simulation and Understanding of Microalgal Growth in Photobioreactors: an Experimental Study. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Kim S, Quiroz-Arita C, Monroe EA, Siccardi A, Mitchell J, Huysman N, Davis RW. Application of attached algae flow-ways for coupling biomass production with the utilization of dilute non-point source nutrients in the Upper Laguna Madre, TX. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 191:116816. [PMID: 33476801 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the potential for an attached algae flow-way system to efficiently produce algal biomass in estuarine surface waters by utilizing dilute non-point source nutrients from local urban, industrial, and agricultural discharges into the Upper Laguna Madre, Corpus Christi, Texas. The study was conducted over the course of two years to establish seasonal base-line biomass productivity and composition for bioproducts applications, and to identify key environmental factors and flow-way cohorts impacting biomass production. For the entire cultivation period, continuous ash-free biomass production at 4 to 10 g/m2/day (corresponding to nutrient recovery at 300 to 500 mg of nitrogen/m2/day and 15 to 30 mg of phosphorus/m2/day) was successfully achieved without system restart. Upon start-up, a latency period was observed which indicates roles for species succession from relatively low productivity, high ash content pioneer periphytic culture composed primarily of benthic diatoms from the source waters to higher productivity, reduced ash content, and more resilient culture mainly composed of filamentous chlorophyta, Ulva lactuca. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify environmental factors driving biomass production, and machine learning (ML) models were constructed to assess the predictive capability of the data set for system performance using the local multi-season environmental variations. Environmental datasets were segregated for ML training, validation, and testing using three methods: regression tree, ensemble regression, and Gaussian process regression (GPR). The predicted ash-free biomass productivity using ML models resulted in root-squared-mean-errors (RSME) from 1.78 to 1.86 g/m2/day, and R2 values from 0.67 to 0.75 using different methods. The greatest contributor to net productivity was total solar irradiation, followed by air temperature, salinity, and pH. The results of the study should be useful as a decision-making tool to application of attached algae flow-ways for biomass production while preventing algal blooms in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwhan Kim
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Security, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Carlos Quiroz-Arita
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Security, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Eric A Monroe
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Security, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Anthony Siccardi
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 4324 Old Register Road, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States
| | - Jacqueline Mitchell
- Department of Fisheries and Mariculture, Texas A&M-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX 78412, United States
| | - Nathan Huysman
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 100 Centeq Building A, 1500 Research Parkway, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Ryan W Davis
- Department of Bioresource and Environmental Security, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, United States.
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Banerjee N. Predictive model development and simulation of photobioreactors for algal biomass growth estimation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the current scenario of energy requirement and the commercialization aspect of algal biofuel and biomass, it is important that means of predicting the production be available. In this paper, the mathematical models are developed for the tubular, bubble column and airlift photobioreactors to predict the productivity of the algal biomass. A modified Monod kinetic equation, incorporating the effect of nutrient and CO2 concentrations, light availability and oxygen built-up, is used to the estimate specific growth rate of the biomass. The light availability inside the reactor is defined in terms of the modified Beer–Lambert’s law as a function of distance from the surface where light is incident and the cell mass concentration. This allows a more accurate measurement of the shading effect. The equations are solved for different reactor types and their estimated productivities are successfully validated against values available in published literature. The model predicts comparatively better productivity for the tubular reactor (1.5 g/L day) than the bubble column and airlift reactor (1.42 and 1.35 g/L day respectively) because tubular reactor has shorter light/dark cycles and better light availability. The analysis is also done to identify the effect of nutrient, carbon dioxide, light and hydrodynamics on the overall productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering , School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies , Energy Acres, Bidholi , via Premnagar , Dehradun 248007 , India
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25
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Marín D, Carmona-Martínez AA, Blanco S, Lebrero R, Muñoz R. Innovative operational strategies in photosynthetic biogas upgrading in an outdoors pilot scale algal-bacterial photobioreactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128470. [PMID: 33022506 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three innovative operational strategies were successfully evaluated to improve the quality of biomethane in an outdoors pilot scale photobioreactor interconnected to an external absorption unit: i) the use of a greenhouse during winter conditions, ii) a direct CO2 stripping in the photobioreactor via air stripping during winter conditions and iii) the use of digestate as make-up water during summer conditions. CO2 concentrations in the biomethane ranged from 0.4% to 6.1% using the greenhouse, from 0.3% to 2.6% when air was injected in the photobioreactor and from 0.4% to 0.9% using digestate as make up water. H2S was completely removed under all strategies tested. On the other hand, CH4 concentrations in biomethane ranged from 89.5% to 98.2%, from 93.0% to 98.2% and from 96.3% to 97.9%, when implementing strategies i), ii) and iii), respectively. The greenhouse was capable of maintaining microalgae productivities of 7.5 g m-2 d-1 during continental weather conditions, while mechanical CO2 stripping increased the pH in order to support an effective CO2 and H2S removal. Finally, the high evaporation rates during summer conditions allowed maintaining high inorganic carbon concentrations in the cultivation broth using centrate, which provided a cost-effective biogas upgrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Marín
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán, Boulevard Centroamérica, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Alessandro A Carmona-Martínez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Saúl Blanco
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, University of León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain; Institute of Sustainable Processes, Dr. Mergelina, S/n, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
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Mohsenpour SF, Hennige S, Willoughby N, Adeloye A, Gutierrez T. Integrating micro-algae into wastewater treatment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:142168. [PMID: 33207512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Improving the ecological status of water sources is a growing focus for many developed and developing nations, in particular with reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater effluent. In recent years, mixotrophic micro-algae have received increased interest in implementing them as part of wastewater treatment. This is based on their ability to utilise organic and inorganic carbon, as well as inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) in wastewater for their growth, with the desired results of a reduction in the concentration of these substances in the water. The aim of this review is to provide a critical account of micro-algae as an important step in wastewater treatment for enhancing the reduction of N, P and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater, whilst utilising a fraction of the energy demand of conventional biological treatment systems. Here, we begin with an overview of the various steps in the treatment process, followed by a review of the cellular and metabolic mechanisms that micro-algae use to reduce N, P and COD of wastewater with identification of when the process may potentially be most effective. We also describe the various abiotic and biotic factors influencing micro-algae wastewater treatment, together with a review of bioreactor configuration and design. Furthermore, a detailed overview is provided of the current state-of-the-art in the use of micro-algae in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Mohsenpour
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Sebastian Hennige
- School of Geosciences, The King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - Nicholas Willoughby
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Adebayo Adeloye
- Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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Russell JN, Yost CK. Alternative, environmentally conscious approaches for removing antibiotics from wastewater treatment systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128177. [PMID: 33297145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the environment is of critical concern from a public health perspective, with many human impacted environments showing increased incidence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Wastewater treatment environments are of particular interest due to their high levels of antibiotic residuals, which can select for antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria. However, wastewater treatment plants are generally not designed to remove antibiotics from collected waste, and many of the currently proposed methods are unsafe for environmental use. This has prompted researchers to identify alternative environmentally safe methods for removing antibiotics from wastewater to be used in parallel with conventional wastewater treatment, as it is a potential strategy towards the mitigation of environmental antibiotic resistance selection. This paper reviews several methods developed to absorb and/or degrade antibiotics from aqueous solutions and wastewater biosolids, which includes ligninolytic fungi and ligninolytic enzymes, algae-driven photobioreactors and algae-activated sludge, and organically-sourced biochars.
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Legrand J, Artu A, Pruvost J. A review on photobioreactor design and modelling for microalgae production. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
From the cell to the photobioreactor and to the industrial exploitation of microalgae, through the controlled experiments and modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Legrand
- University of Nantes
- CNRS, ONIRIS, GEPEA, UMR6144
- 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex
- France
| | - Arnaud Artu
- Total, Direction générale Raffinage-Chimie
- Division Biofuels
- Tour Coupole
- 92078 Paris La Défense
- France
| | - Jérémy Pruvost
- University of Nantes
- CNRS, ONIRIS, GEPEA, UMR6144
- 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex
- France
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29
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Assunção J, Malcata FX. Enclosed “non-conventional” photobioreactors for microalga production: A review. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang J, Perré P. Gas production reveals the metabolism of immobilized Chlorella vulgaris during different trophic modes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123842. [PMID: 32717521 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultivation modes of Chlorella vulgaris, a potential source of biofuel and CO2 mitigation, was studied in immobilized cultures. The gas concentration (O2 and CO2) was measured thanks to an original device manufactured using 3D printing. The biomass was monitored by 3D imaging and image processing. Net O2 and CO2 sources were obtained by a balance equation considering a calibrated leakage and the dissolved gas. Combined experimental and theoretical gas yields (mass of gas per mass of biomass), the photosynthesis proportion of mixotrophic colony was determined. Its increase with light intensity is not linear. Therefore, the highest light intensity (104μmol∙m-2∙s-1) revealed the limit of photosynthesis potential in the growth of mixotrophic colony. In the presence of light, the colony adopts a cylindrical shape instead of a spherical cap. This study proposed mechanisms of synergy inside the colony for heterotrophic and mixotrophic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Patrick Perré
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France.
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31
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Kishi M, Nagatsuka K, Toda T. Effect of Membrane Hydrophobicity and Thickness on Energy-Efficient Dissolved Oxygen Removal From Algal Culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:978. [PMID: 32974310 PMCID: PMC7471630 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Removal of dissolved oxygen from algal photobioreactors is essential for high productivity in mass cultivation. Gas-permeating photobioreactor that uses hydrophobic membranes to permeate dissolved oxygen (pervaporation) from its body itself is an energy-efficient option for oxygen removal. This study comparably evaluated the characteristics of various commercial membranes and determined the criteria for the selection of suitable ones for the gas-permeating photobioreactors. It was found that oxygen permeability is limited not by that in the membrane but in the liquid boundary layer. Membrane thickness had a negative effect on membrane oxygen permeability, but the effect was as minor as less than 3% compared with the liquid boundary layer. Due to this characteristic, the lamination of non-woven fabric with the microporous film did not significantly decrease the overall oxygen transfer coefficient. The permeability in the liquid boundary layer had a significantly positive relationship with the hydrophobicity. The highest overall oxygen transfer coefficients in the water-to-air and water-to-water oxygen removal tests were 2.1 ± 0.03 × 10–5 and 1.39 ± 0.09 × 10–5 m s–1, respectively. These values were considered effective in the dissolved oxygen removal from high-density algal culture to prevent oxygen inhibition. Furthermore, hydrophobicity was found to have a significant relationship also with water entry pressure, which needs to be high to avoid culture liquid leakage. Therefore, these results suggested that a microporous membrane with strong hydrophobicity laminated with non-woven fabric would be suitable characteristics for gas-permeating photobioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kishi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan.,Plankton Eco-Engineering Research Center, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Nagatsuka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Toda
- Plankton Eco-Engineering Research Center, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan
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Nabwey HA, El-Kabeir SMM, Rashad AM, Abdou MMM. Viscous Dissipation and Joule Heating Effects on MHD Bioconvection Flow of a Nanofluid Containing Gyrotactic Microorganisms Over a Vertical Isothermal Cone. JOURNAL OF NANOFLUIDS 2020. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2020.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study is to explore the flow of a nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over a vertical isothermal cone surface in the presence of viscous dissipation and Joule heating. The combined effects of a transverse magnetic field and Navier slip in
the flow are considered. Using appropriate transforms the set of partial differential equations governing the flow are converted to a set of ordinary differential equations. Influence of the parameters governing the flow is shown for velocity, temperature, concentration and motilemicroorganisms
as well as local skin Friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number and local density of the motile microorganisms number. An increasing in the value of Eckert number rises the velocity of the fluid and reduce the temperature, concentration and density of motile microorganisms
profiles, while buoyancy ratio Nr and magnetic field parameters increase local skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number and local density of the motile microorganisms number decrease as a result of the presence of Lorentz force which resist the motion of
the flow. On the other hand, the motile microorganisms boundary layer thickness decreases with an increasing on the bioconvection Lewis number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam A. Nabwey
- Department of Mathematics, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Science and HumanityStudies, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. M. M. El-Kabeir
- Department of Mathematics, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Science and HumanityStudies, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. M. Rashad
- Department of Mathematics, Aswan University, Faculty of Science, 81528, Egypt
| | - M. M. M. Abdou
- Department of Mathematics, Aswan University, Faculty of Science, 81528, Egypt
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Evaluation of daily and seasonal variations in a semi-closed photobioreactor for microalgae-based bioremediation of agricultural runoff at full-scale. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Yan C, Wang Z, Wu X, Wen S, Yu J, Cong W. Outdoor cultivation of Chlorella sp. in an improved thin-film flat-plate photobioreactor in desertification areas. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:619-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Outdoor Large-Scale Cultivation of the Acidophilic Microalga Coccomyxa onubensis in a Vertical Close Photobioreactor for Lutein Production. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The large-scale biomass production is an essential step in the biotechnological applications of microalgae. Coccomyxa onubensis is an acidophilic microalga isolated from the highly acidic waters of Río Tinto (province of Huelva, Spain) and has been shown to accumulate a high concentration of lutein (9.7 mg g−1dw), a valuable antioxidant, when grown at laboratory-scale. A productivity of 0.14 g L−1 d−1 was obtained by growing the microalga under outdoor conditions in an 800 L tubular photobioreactor. The results show a stable biomass production for at least one month and with a lutein content of 10 mg g−1dw, at pH values in the range 2.5–3.0 and temperature in the range 10–25 °C. Culture density, temperature, and CO2 availability in highly acidic medium are rate-limiting conditions for the microalgal growth. These aspects are discussed in this paper in order to improve the outdoor culture conditions for competitive applications of C. onubensis.
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Technological mapping and trends in photobioreactors for the production of microalgae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kumar R, Ghosh AK, Pal P. Synergy of biofuel production with waste remediation along with value-added co-products recovery through microalgae cultivation: A review of membrane-integrated green approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134169. [PMID: 31505365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of advanced biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel from renewable resources is critical for the earth's sustainable management and to slow down the global climate change by partial replacement of gasoline and diesel in the transport sector. Being a diverse group of aquatic micro-organisms, algae are the most prominent resources on the planet, distributed in an aquatic system, a potential source of bioenergy, biomass and secondary metabolites. Microalgae-based biofuel production is widely accepted as non-food fuel sources and better choice for achieving goals of incorporation of a clean fuel source into the transportation sector. The present review article provides a comprehensive literature survey as well as a novel approach on the application of microalgae for their simultaneous cultivation and bioremediation of high nutrient containing wastewater. In addition to that, merits and demerits of different existing conventional techniques for microalgae culture reactors, harvesting of algal biomass, oil recovery, use of different catalysts for transesterification reactions and other by-products recovery have been discussed and compared with the membrane-based system to find out the best optimal conditions for higher biomass as well as lipid yield. This article also deals with the use of a tailor-made membrane in an appropriate module that can be used in upstream and downstream processes during algal-based biofuels production. Such membrane-integrated system has the potential of low-cost and eco-friendly separation, purification and concentration enrichment of biodiesel as well as other valuable algal by-products which can bring the high degree of process intensification for scale-up at the industrial stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, 713104, India.
| | - Alak Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, 713104, India
| | - Parimal Pal
- Environment and Membrane Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur 713209, India
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38
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Silva GH, Sueitt APE, Haimes S, Tripidaki A, van Zwieten R, Fernandes TV. Feasibility of closing nutrient cycles from black water by microalgae-based technology. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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39
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Continuous influenza virus production in a tubular bioreactor system provides stable titers and avoids the "von Magnus effect". PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224317. [PMID: 31689309 PMCID: PMC6830746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous cell culture-based influenza vaccine production could significantly reduce footprint and manufacturing costs compared to current batch processing. However, yields of influenza virus in continuous mode can be affected by oscillations in virus titers caused by periodic accumulation of defective interfering particles. The generation of such particles has also been observed previously in cascades of continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) and is known as the “von Magnus effect”. To improve virus yields and to avoid these oscillations, we have developed a novel continuous tubular bioreactor system for influenza A virus production. It was built using a 500 mL CSTR for cell growth linked to a 105 m long tubular plug-flow bioreactor (PFBR). Virus propagation took place only in the PFBR with a nominal residence time of 20 h and a production capacity of 0.2 mL/min. The bioreactor was first tested with suspension MDCK cells at different multiplicities of infection (MOI), and then with suspension avian AGE1.CR.pIX cells at a fixed nominal MOI of 0.02. Maximum hemagglutinin (HA) titers of 2.4 and 1.6 log10(HA units/100 μL) for suspension MDCK cells and AGE1.CR.pIX cells, respectively, were obtained. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that 100% infected cells with batch-like HA titers can be obtained at a MOI of at least 0.1. Stable HA and TCID50 titers over 18 days of production were confirmed using the AGE1.CR.pIX cell line, and PCR analysis demonstrated stable production of full-length genome. The contamination level of segments with deletions (potentially defective interfering particles), already present in the virus seed, was low and did not increase. Control experiments using batch and semi-continuous cultures confirmed these findings. A comparison showed that influenza virus production can be achieved with the tubular bioreactor system in about half the time with a space-time-yield up to two times higher than for typical batch cultures. In summary, a novel continuous tubular bioreactor system for cell culture-based influenza virus production was developed. One main advantage, an essentially single-passage amplification of viruses, should enable efficient production of vaccines as well as vectors for gene and cancer therapy.
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Rebolledo-Oyarce J, Mejía-López J, García G, Rodríguez-Córdova L, Sáez-Navarrete C. Novel photobioreactor design for the culture of Dunaliella tertiolecta - Impact of color in the growth of microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121645. [PMID: 31234071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are affected by the amount of light received. This parameter can be controlled by changing the light source and altering the reactor used for their growth. In this study, the effect of different colors of light was analyzed in the growth of Dunaliella tertiolecta, observing that blue lighting systems reached a biomass 10 times superior to the one generated by orange lightning systems. This growth effect was seen in a novel tubular internally illuminated photobioreactor. In this photobioreactor, the blue reactor produced 1.7 times the biomass of the red reactor, with the particularity that the latter showed an oscillating behavior in its growth. From irradiance models, the light dispersion coefficient is higher than the absorption coefficient when using red light. In contrast, with blue light, the value of the scattering coefficient is almost null.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rebolledo-Oyarce
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - José Mejía-López
- Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, CEDENNA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Griselda García
- Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Rodríguez-Córdova
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - César Sáez-Navarrete
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; UC Energy Research Center (CE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
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42
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Optimization of Tubular Microalgal Photobioreactors with Spiral Ribs under Single-Sided and Double-Sided Illuminations. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7090619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae can be raw materials for the production of clean energy and have great potential for development. The design of the microalgal photobioreactor (PBR) affects the mixing of the algal suspension and the utilization efficiency of the light energy, thereby affecting the high-efficiency cultivation of the microalgae. In this study, a spiral rib structure was introduced into a tubular microalgal PBR to improve the mixing performance and the light utilization efficiency. The number of spiral ribs, the inclination angle, and the velocity of the algal suspension were optimized for single-sided and double-sided parallel light illuminations with the same total incident light intensity. Next, the optimization results under the two illumination modes were compared. The results showed that the double-sided illumination did not increase the average light/dark (L/D) cycle frequency of the microalgae particles, but it reduced the efficiency of the L/D cycle enhancement. This outcome was analyzed from the point of view of the relative position between the L/D boundary and the vortex in the flow field. Finally, a method to increase the average L/D cycle frequency was proposed and validated. In this method, the relative position between the L/D boundary and the vortex was adjusted so that the L/D boundary passed through the central region of the vortex. This method can also be applied to the design of other types of PBRs to increase the average L/D cycle frequency.
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Zohra FT, Uddin MJ, Ismail AIM. Magnetohydrodynamic bio-nanoconvective Naiver slip flow of micropolar fluid in a stretchable horizontal channel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/htj.21560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatema T. Zohra
- School of Mathematical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Penang Malaysia
| | - Mohammed J. Uddin
- School of Mathematical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Penang Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Mathematics Department; American International University-Bangladesh; Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Ahamd I. M. Ismail
- School of Mathematical Sciences; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Penang Malaysia
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Zappi ME, Bajpai R, Hernandez R, Mikolajczyk A, Lord Fortela D, Sharp W, Chirdon W, Zappi K, Gang D, Nigam KDP, Revellame ED. Microalgae Culturing To Produce Biobased Diesel Fuels: An Overview of the Basics, Challenges, and a Look toward a True Biorefinery Future. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Krishna D. P. Nigam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, I.I.T. Delhi, Hauz-khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Dogaris I, Loya B, Cox J, Philippidis G. Study of landfill leachate as a sustainable source of water and nutrients for algal biofuels and bioproducts using the microalga Picochlorum oculatum in a novel scalable bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:18-27. [PMID: 30851570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High water demand is a major challenge for the algae industry, so cultivating algae in wastewater can have the double benefit of biomass production and water remediation. The use of landfill leachate (LL), which is wastewater generated in landfills, was investigated to grow the microalga Picochlorum oculatum in a novel horizontal bioreactor (HBR), a low-cost modular cultivation system that reduces water evaporation and contamination risk thanks to its enclosed design. Pilot-scale (150 L) and commercial-scale (2000 L) HBRs that were operated outdoors in Florida using LL in batch and semi-continuous modes generated high cell density cultures (1.7·109 cells mL-1) and reached up to 1.9 g L-1 of dry biomass suitable for biofuel production. Demonstrating the ability of ample non-potable water sources, such as LL, to support algae cultivation is essential for improving the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of commercial algal biofuels and bioproducts, as freshwater resources become increasingly scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Dogaris
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CGS 101, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Bethany Loya
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CGS 101, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Jeffrey Cox
- Honors College and School of Geosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - George Philippidis
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CGS 101, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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46
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Optimizing turbidostatic microalgal biomass productivity: A combined experimental and coarse-grained modelling approach. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Perin G, Bellan A, Bernardi A, Bezzo F, Morosinotto T. The potential of quantitative models to improve microalgae photosynthetic efficiency. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:380-391. [PMID: 30578540 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The massive increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere driven by human activities is causing huge negative consequences and new sustainable sources of energy, food and materials are highly needed. Algae are unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms that can provide a highly strategic contribution to this challenge as alternative source of biomass to complement crops cultivation. Algae industrial cultures are commonly limited by light availability, and biomass accumulation is strongly dependent on their photon-to-biomass conversion efficiency. Investigation of algae photosynthetic metabolism is thus strategic for the generation of more efficient strains with higher productivity. Algae are cultivated at industrial scale in conditions highly different from the natural niches they adapted to and strains development efforts must fully consider the seminal influence on productivity of regulatory mechanism of photosynthesis as well as of cultivation parameters like cells concentration, light distribution in the culture, mixing, nutrients and carbon dioxide availability. In this review we will focus in particular on how mathematical models can account for the complex influence of all environmental parameters and can be exploited for development of improved algae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Perin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bellan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernardi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9 35131, Padova, Italy
- Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Fabrizio Bezzo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Tomas Morosinotto
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B 35131, Padova, Italy
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Mehariya S, Iovine A, Di Sanzo G, Larocca V, Martino M, Leone GP, Casella P, Karatza D, Marino T, Musmarra D, Molino A. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Lutein from Scenedesmus almeriensis. Molecules 2019; 24:E1324. [PMID: 30987275 PMCID: PMC6479633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein has several benefits for human health, playing an important role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, amelioration of the first stages of atherosclerosis, and some types of cancer. In this work, the Scenedesmus almeriensis microalga was used as a natural source for the supercritical fluid (SF) extraction of lutein. For this purpose, the optimization of the main parameters affecting the extraction, such as biomass pre-treatment, temperature, pressure, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) flow rate, was performed. In the first stage, the effect of mechanical pre-treatment (diatomaceous earth (DE) and biomass mixing in the range 0.25-1 DE/biomass; grinding speed varying between 0 and 600 rpm, and pre-treatment time changing from 2.5 to 10 min), was evaluated on lutein extraction efficiency. In the second stage, the influence of SF-CO₂ extraction parameters such as pressure (25-55 MPa), temperature (50 and 65 °C), and CO₂ flow rate (7.24 and 14.48 g/min) on lutein recovery and purity was investigated. The results demonstrated that by increasing temperature, pressure, and CO₂ flow rate lutein recovery and purity were improved. The maximum lutein recovery (~98%) with purity of ~34% was achieved operating at 65 °C and 55 MPa with a CO₂ flow rate of 14.48 g/min. Therefore, optimum conditions could be useful in food industries for lutein supplementation in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeet Mehariya
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and sustainable economic Development, Department of Sustainability-CR Portici, P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
| | - Angela Iovine
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and sustainable economic Development, Department of Sustainability-CR Portici, P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Di Sanzo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and sustainable economic Development, Department of Sustainability-CR Trisaia, SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 7026 Rotondella (MT), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Larocca
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and sustainable economic Development, Department of Sustainability-CR Trisaia, SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 7026 Rotondella (MT), Italy.
| | - Maria Martino
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and sustainable economic Development, Department of Sustainability-CR Trisaia, SS Jonica 106, km 419+500, 7026 Rotondella (MT), Italy.
| | - Gian Paolo Leone
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and sustainable economic Development, Department of Sustainability-CR Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome (RM), Italy.
| | - Patrizia Casella
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and sustainable economic Development, Department of Sustainability-CR Portici, P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Despina Karatza
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", Real Casa dell'Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy.
| | - Antonio Molino
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and sustainable economic Development, Department of Sustainability-CR Portici, P. Enrico Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
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Cheng J, Xu J, Ye Q, Lai X, Zhang X, Zhou J. Strengthening mass transfer of carbon dioxide microbubbles dissolver in a horizontal tubular photo-bioreactor for improving microalgae growth. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 277:11-17. [PMID: 30654103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A CO2 microbubbles dissolver (CMD) was developed to facilitate dissolving inorganic carbon and strengthening mass transfer in a horizontal tubular photo-bioreactor system (HTPBRS), which enhanced microalgae biomass productivity with flue gas containing 15% CO2. The influence of pump power on the bubble formation and mixing effect was found to be more obvious than that of gas flow rate. Ceramic shell aerator was more favorable for reducing bubble diameter and enhancing mass transfer than traditional rubber strip aerator. Bubble formation time decreased by 53.4% and mixing time decreased by 68.9% in response to the increased pump power. When the base area ratio of ceramic shell aerator to dissolver in the HTPBRS increased, bubble formation time decreased by 19.6% and mass transfer coefficient increased by 80.9%. The biomass yield of microalgae Chlorella PY-ZU1 with ceramic shell aerator was 30% higher than that with rubber strip aerator in the HTPBRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Junchen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Molazadeh M, Ahmadzadeh H, Pourianfar HR, Lyon S, Rampelotto PH. The Use of Microalgae for Coupling Wastewater Treatment With CO 2 Biofixation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:42. [PMID: 30941348 PMCID: PMC6433782 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Production and emission of CO2 from different sources have caused significant changes in the climate, which is the major concern related to global warming. Among other CO2 removal approaches, microalgae can efficiently remove CO2 through the rapid production of algal biomass. In addition, microalgae have the potential to be used in wastewater treatment. Although, wastewater treatment and CO2 removal by microalgae have been studied separately for a long time, there is no detailed information available on combining both processes. In this review article, microalgae-based CO2 biofixation, various microalgae cultivation systems,¯ and microalgae-derived wastewater treatment are separately discussed, followed by the concept of integration of CO2 biofixation process and wastewater treatment. In each section, details of energy efficiency and differences across microalgae species are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Molazadeh
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadzadeh
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid R. Pourianfar
- Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi Branch, Industrial Fungi Biotechnology Research Department, Academic Center for Education, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Stephen Lyon
- SRL-Environmental, LLC, Racine, WI, United States
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