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Meliawati M, Volke DC, Nikel PI, Schmid J. Engineering the carbon and redox metabolism of Paenibacillus polymyxa for efficient isobutanol production. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14438. [PMID: 38529712 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus polymyxa is a non-pathogenic, Gram-positive bacterium endowed with a rich and versatile metabolism. However interesting, this bacterium has been seldom used for bioproduction thus far. In this study, we engineered P. polymyxa for isobutanol production, a relevant bulk chemical and next-generation biofuel. A CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing tool facilitated the chromosomal integration of a synthetic operon to establish isobutanol production. The 2,3-butanediol biosynthesis pathway, leading to the main fermentation product of P. polymyxa, was eliminated. A mutant strain harbouring the synthetic isobutanol operon (kdcA from Lactococcus lactis, and the native ilvC, ilvD and adh genes) produced 1 g L-1 isobutanol under microaerobic conditions. Improving NADPH regeneration by overexpression of the malic enzyme subsequently increased the product titre by 50%. Network-wide proteomics provided insights into responses of P. polymyxa to isobutanol and revealed a significant metabolic shift caused by alcohol production. Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, the key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, was identified as a bottleneck that hindered efficient NADPH regeneration through this pathway. Furthermore, we conducted culture optimization towards cultivating P. polymyxa in a synthetic minimal medium. We identified biotin (B7), pantothenate (B5) and folate (B9) to be mutual essential vitamins for P. polymyxa. Our rational metabolic engineering of P. polymyxa for the production of a heterologous chemical sheds light on the metabolism of this bacterium towards further biotechnological exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliawati Meliawati
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel C Volke
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jochen Schmid
- Institute of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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2
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Zhao K, Tang H, Zhang B, Zou S, Liu Z, Zheng Y. Microbial production of vitamin B5: current status and prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1172-1192. [PMID: 36210178 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B5, also called D-pantothenic acid (D-PA), is a necessary micronutrient that plays an essential role in maintaining the physiological function of an organism. It is widely used in: food, medicine, feed, cosmetics, and other fields. Currently, the production of D-PA in industry heavily relies on chemical processes and enzymatic catalysis. With an increasing demand on the market, replacing chemical-based production of D-PA with microbial fermentation utilizing renewable resources is necessary. In this review, the physiological role and applications of D-PA were firstly introduced, after which the biosynthesis pathways and enzymes will be summarized. Subsequently, a series of cell factory development strategies for excessive D-PA production are analyzed and discussed. Finally, the prospect of microbial production of D-PA production has been prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Heng Tang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuping Zou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuguo Zheng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
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3
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Combing with redox regulation via quorum-sensing system and fermentation strategies for improving D-pantothenic acid production. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Tadi SRR, Nehru G, Limaye AM, Sivaprakasam S. High-level expression and optimization of pantoate-β-alanine ligase in Bacillus megaterium for the enhanced biocatalytic production of D-pantothenic acid. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:917-926. [PMID: 35153321 PMCID: PMC8814086 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
D-Pantothenic acid (DPA), also known as vitamin B5 is associated with several biological functions and its deficiency causes metabolic and energetic disorders in humans. Fortification of foods with DPA is the viable option to address this risk. DPA biological production route employs pantoate-β-alanine ligase (PBL) as the key enzyme, which avoids the tedious and time-consuming optical resolution process. The selection of an efficient PBL enzyme is vital for the biological production of DPA. In this study, the panC gene encoding PBL from Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Bacillus subtilis was expressed in B. megaterium. B. subtilis derived panC exhibited high PBL activity 61.62 ± 2.15 U/mL. Co-expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pckA) did not improve the DPA production in B. megaterium. Biocatalytic fed-batch fermentation with externally supplemented precursor substrates (D-pantoic acid and β-alanine) improved DPA titer to 45.56 ± 0.53 g/L. Daily dietary requirements of DPA for different age groups (including babies, small children, athletes and elderly people) is steadily increasing and the improved DPA production addressed in this study offers advantage for its application in fortification of food products meeting the emerging nutritional demand. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05093-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbi Rami Reddy Tadi
- BioPAT Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Ganesh Nehru
- BioPAT Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Anil Mukund Limaye
- The Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
| | - Senthilkumar Sivaprakasam
- BioPAT Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
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Tadi SRR, Nehru G, Allampalli SSP, Sivaprakasam S. Engineering precursor and co-factor supply to enhance D-pantothenic acid production in Bacillus megaterium. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:843-854. [PMID: 35175424 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
High-yielding chemical and chemo-enzymatic methods of D-pantothenic acid (DPA) synthesis are limited by using poisonous chemicals and DL-pantolactone racemic mixture formation. Alternatively, the safe microbial fermentative route of DPA production was found promising but suffered from low productivity and precursor supplementation. In this study, Bacillus megaterium was metabolically engineered to produce DPA without precursor supplementation. In order to provide a higher supply of precursor D-pantoic acid, key genes involved in its synthesis are overexpressed, resulting strain was produced 0.53 ± 0.08 g/L DPA was attained in shake flasks. Cofactor CH2-THF was found to be vital for DPA biosynthesis and was regenerated through the serine-glycine degradation pathway. Enhanced supply of another precursor, β-alanine was achieved by codon optimization and dosing of the limiting L-asparate-1-decarboxylase (ADC). Co-expression of Pantoate-β-alanine ligase, ADC, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, aspartate aminotransferase and aspartate ammonia-lyase enhanced DPA concentration to 2.56 ± 0.05 g/L at shake flasks level. Fed-batch fermentation in a bioreactor with and without the supplementation of β-alanine increased DPA concentration to 19.52 ± 0.26 and 4.78 ± 0.53 g/L, respectively. This present study successfully demonstrated a rational approach combining precursor supply engineering with cofactor regeneration for the enhancement of DPA titer in recombinant B. megaterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbi Rami Reddy Tadi
- BioPAT Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ganesh Nehru
- BioPAT Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Satya Sai Pavan Allampalli
- BioPAT Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Senthilkumar Sivaprakasam
- BioPAT Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Biological Properties of Vitamins of the B-Complex, Part 1: Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030484. [PMID: 35276844 PMCID: PMC8839250 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current knowledge on essential vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B5. These B-complex vitamins must be taken from diet, with the exception of vitamin B3, that can also be synthetized from amino acid tryptophan. All of these vitamins are water soluble, which determines their main properties, namely: they are partly lost when food is washed or boiled since they migrate to the water; the requirement of membrane transporters for their permeation into the cells; and their safety since any excess is rapidly eliminated via the kidney. The therapeutic use of B-complex vitamins is mostly limited to hypovitaminoses or similar conditions, but, as they are generally very safe, they have also been examined in other pathological conditions. Nicotinic acid, a form of vitamin B3, is the only exception because it is a known hypolipidemic agent in gram doses. The article also sums up: (i) the current methods for detection of the vitamins of the B-complex in biological fluids; (ii) the food and other sources of these vitamins including the effect of common processing and storage methods on their content; and (iii) their physiological function.
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7
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Li B, Zhang B, Wang P, Cai X, Tang YQ, Jin JY, Liang JX, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Targeting metabolic driving and minimization of by-products synthesis for high-yield production of D-pantothenate in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J 2021; 17:e2100431. [PMID: 34705325 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND d-Pantothenate (DPA) is an important functional chemical that has been widely applied in healthcare, cosmetics, animal food, and feed industries. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, a high-yield DPA-producing strain was constructed by metabolic engineering strategies with targeting metabolic driving and by-products minimization. The metabolic driving force of push and pull was firstly obtained to improve the production of DPA via enrichment of precursor pool and synthetic pathway, accumulating 4.29 g L-1 DPA in shake flask fermentation. To eliminate the metabolic pressure on DPA production, an amino throttling system was proposed and successfully attenuated the synthesis of four competitive amino acids by a single-step regulation of gdhA. Further minimization of acetate was carried out by pta deletion, and utilization of β-alanine was improved via enhancing its uptake system with producing 5.78 g L-1 DPA. Finally, the engineered strain produced 66.39 g L-1 DPA with β-alanine addition in fermentor under fed-batch fermentation. CONCLUSION This study paved a foundation for the industrial production of DPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Xi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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8
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Strengthening the (R)-pantoate pathway to produce D-pantothenic acid based on systematic metabolic analysis. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Improved production of D-pantothenic acid in Escherichia coli by integrated strain engineering and fermentation strategies. J Biotechnol 2021; 339:65-72. [PMID: 34352344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
D-pantothenic acid (D-PA) is an essential vitamin that has been widely used in medicine, food, and animal feed. Microbial production of D-PA from natural renewable resources is attractive and challenging. In this study, both strain improvements and fermentation process strategies were applied to achieve high-level D-PA production in Escherichia coli. First, a D-PA-producing strain was developed through deletion of the aceF and mdh genes combined with the overexpression of the gene ppnk. The obtained engineered E. coli DPA02/pT-ppnk accumulated 6.89 ± 0.11 g/L of D-PA in shake flask fermentation, which was 79.9 % higher than the control strain. Moreover, the cultivation process contributed greatly to D-PA production with respect to titer and productivity by betaine supplementation and dissolved oxygen (DO)-feedback feeding framework. Under optimal conditions, 68.3 g/L of D-PA, the specific productivity of 0.794 g/L h and the yield of 0.36 g/g glucose in 5 L fermenter were achieved. Overall, this research successfully exploited advanced strategies to lay the foundation for bio-based D-PA production in industrial applications.
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10
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Zou S, Wang Z, Zhao K, Zhang B, Niu K, Liu Z, Zheng Y. High‐level production of
d
‐pantothenic acid from glucose by fed‐batch cultivation of
Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:1227-1235. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Ping Zou
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Jian Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Zhao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Niu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou People's Republic of China
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Nshimiyimana P, Liu L, Du G. Engineering of L-amino acid deaminases for the production of α-keto acids from L-amino acids. Bioengineered 2019; 10:43-51. [PMID: 30876377 PMCID: PMC6527072 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1595990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
α-keto acids are organic compounds that contain an acid group and a ketone group. L-amino acid deaminases are enzymes that catalyze the oxidative deamination of amino acids for the formation of their corresponding α-keto acids and ammonia. α-keto acids are synthesized industrially via chemical processes that are costly and use harsh chemicals. The use of the directed evolution technique, followed by the screening and selection of desirable variants, to evolve enzymes has proven to be an effective way to engineer enzymes with improved performance. This review presents recent studies in which the directed evolution technique was used to evolve enzymes, with an emphasis on L-amino acid deaminases for the whole-cell biocatalysts production of α-keto acids from their corresponding L-amino acids. We discuss and highlight recent cases where the engineered L-amino acid deaminases resulted in an improved production yield of phenylpyruvic acid, α-ketoisocaproate, α-ketoisovaleric acid, α-ketoglutaric acid, α-keto-γ-methylthiobutyric acid, and pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Project Nshimiyimana
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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12
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Zhang B, Zhang XM, Wang W, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for d-pantothenic acid production. Food Chem 2019; 294:267-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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13
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Microbial cell factories for the sustainable manufacturing of B vitamins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 56:18-29. [PMID: 30138794 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins are essential compounds in human and animal diets. Their demand is increasing globally in food, feed, cosmetics, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Most current production methods are unsustainable because they use non-renewable sources and often generate hazardous waste. Many microorganisms produce vitamins naturally, but their corresponding metabolic pathways are tightly regulated since vitamins are needed only in catalytic amounts. Metabolic engineering is accelerating the development of microbial cell factories for vitamins that could compete with chemical methods that have been optimized over decades, but scientific hurdles remain. Additional technological and regulatory issues need to be overcome for innovative bioprocesses to reach the market. Here, we review the current state of development and challenges for fermentative processes for the B vitamin group.
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14
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Tigu F, Zhang J, Liu G, Cai Z, Li Y. A highly active pantothenate synthetase from Corynebacterium glutamicum enables the production of d-pantothenic acid with high productivity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6039-6046. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Li R, Sakir HG, Li J, Shin HD, Du G, Chen J, Liu L. Rational molecular engineering of l-amino acid deaminase for production of α-ketoisovaleric acid from l-valine by Escherichia coli. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26972a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeted modification of enzymatic efficiency can drive an increased production of desired metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Hossain Gazi Sakir
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Hyun-dong Shin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta 30332
- USA
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
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16
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de Oliveira JD, Carvalho LS, Gomes AMV, Queiroz LR, Magalhães BS, Parachin NS. Genetic basis for hyper production of hyaluronic acid in natural and engineered microorganisms. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:119. [PMID: 27370777 PMCID: PMC4930576 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid, or HA, is a rigid and linear biopolymer belonging to the class of the glycosaminoglycans, and composed of repeating units of the monosaccharides glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. HA has multiple important functions in the human body, due to its properties such as bio-compatibility, lubricity and hydrophilicity, it is widely applied in the biomedical, food, health and cosmetic fields. The growing interest in this molecule has motivated the discovery of new ways of obtaining it. Traditionally, HA has been extracted from rooster comb-like animal tissues. However, due to legislation laws HA is now being produced by bacterial fermentation using Streptococcus zooepidemicus, a natural producer of HA, despite it being a pathogenic microorganism. With the expansion of new genetic engineering technologies, the use of organisms that are non-natural producers of HA has also made it possible to obtain such a polymer. Most of the published reviews have focused on HA formulation and its effects on different body tissues, whereas very few of them describe the microbial basis of HA production. Therefore, for the first time this review has compiled the molecular and genetic bases for natural HA production in microorganisms together with the main strategies employed for heterologous production of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Davies de Oliveira
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70.790-160, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Carvalho
- Integra Bioprocessos e Análises, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Edifício CDT, Sala AT-36/37, Brasília, DF, CEP 70.904-970, Brazil
| | - Antônio Milton Vieira Gomes
- Grupo de Engenharia Metabólica Aplicada a Bioprocessos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70.790-900, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Rezende Queiroz
- Grupo de Engenharia Metabólica Aplicada a Bioprocessos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70.790-900, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Simas Magalhães
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70.790-160, Brazil.,Integra Bioprocessos e Análises, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Edifício CDT, Sala AT-36/37, Brasília, DF, CEP 70.904-970, Brazil
| | - Nádia Skorupa Parachin
- Grupo de Engenharia Metabólica Aplicada a Bioprocessos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, CEP 70.790-900, Brazil.
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Abstract
Pantothenate is vitamin B5 and is the key precursor for the biosynthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), a universal and essential cofactor involved in a myriad of metabolic reactions, including the synthesis of phospholipids, the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, and the operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. CoA is also the only source of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group for enzymes that shuttle intermediates between the active sites of enzymes involved in fatty acid, nonribosomal peptide, and polyketide synthesis. Pantothenate can be synthesized de novo and/or transported into the cell through a pantothenatepermease. Pantothenate uptake is essential for those organisms that lack the genes to synthesize this vitamin. The intracellular levels of CoA are controlled by the balance between synthesis and degradation. In particular, CoA is assembled in five enzymatic steps, starting from the phosphorylation of pantothenate to phosphopantothenatecatalyzed by pantothenate kinase, the product of the coaA gene. In some bacteria, the production of phosphopantothenate by pantothenate kinase is the rate limiting and most regulated step in the biosynthetic pathway. CoA synthesis additionally networks with other vitamin-associated pathways, such as thiamine and folic acid.
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Becker J, Wittmann C. Advanced Biotechnology: Metabolically Engineered Cells for the Bio-Based Production of Chemicals and Fuels, Materials, and Health-Care Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3328-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Biotechnologie von Morgen: metabolisch optimierte Zellen für die bio-basierte Produktion von Chemikalien und Treibstoffen, Materialien und Gesundheitsprodukten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Zahoor A, Otten A, Wendisch VF. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for glycolate production. J Biotechnol 2014; 192 Pt B:366-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Peters-Wendisch P, Götker S, Heider S, Komati Reddy G, Nguyen A, Stansen K, Wendisch V. Engineering biotin prototrophic Corynebacterium glutamicum strains for amino acid, diamine and carotenoid production. J Biotechnol 2014; 192 Pt B:346-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hoffmann J, Altenbuchner J. Hyaluronic acid production with Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:663-78. [PMID: 24863652 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Corynebacterium glutamicum was tested as an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (HA). METHODS AND RESULTS A set of expression vectors containing hasA, encoding HA synthase from Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, alone or in combination with genes encoding enzymes for HA precursor production (hasB, hasC, glmU from Pseudomonas putida KT2440) or bacterial haemoglobin (vgb from Vitreoscilla sp.) was constructed. Recombinant Coryne. glutamicum strains were cultivated in two different minimal media, CGXII and MEK700. HA was isolated from the culture broth by ethanol precipitation or ultrafiltration. Analyses of the isolated HA revealed that overall production was higher in CGXII medium (1241 mg l(-1)) than in MEK700 medium (363 mg l(-1)), but molecular weight of the product was higher in MEK700 (>1·4 MDa) than in CGXII (<270 kDa). Coexpression of hasB, hasC or glmU had no effect on HA yield and did not improve molecular weight of the product. Coexpression of vgb lowered HA yield about 1·5-fold and did not affect molecular weight of the product. Microscopy of negative-stained cultures revealed that Coryne. glutamicum produces no distinct HA capsule. CONCLUSIONS Regulation of cell growth and gene expression level of hasA are reasonable starting points for controlling the molecular weight of HA produced by Coryne. glutamicum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Corynebacterium glutamicum has a great potential as an alternative production host for HA. The fact that Coryne. glutamicum produces no distinct HA capsule facilitates HA isolation and improves overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hoffmann
- Institute of Industrial Genetics, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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23
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Vasco-Cárdenas MF, Baños S, Ramos A, Martín JF, Barreiro C. Proteome response of Corynebacterium glutamicum to high concentration of industrially relevant C₄ and C₅ dicarboxylic acids. J Proteomics 2013; 85:65-88. [PMID: 23624027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED More than fifty years of industrial and scientific developments on the amino acid-producer strain Corynebacterium glutamicum has generated an extremely huge knowledge highly applicable to the development of new products. Despite the production of dicarboxylic acids has already been engineered in C. glutamicum, the effect caused by these acids at competitive industrial levels has not yet been described. Thus, aspartic, fumaric, itaconic, malic and succinic acids have been tested on the growth of C. glutamicum to obtain their minimal inhibitory concentrations and their intracellular effects analyzed by 2D-DIGE. This analysis showed the modification of the central metabolism of C. glutamicum, the cross-regulation between malic acid and glucose as well as the aspartic acid utilization as nitrogen source. The analysis of the transcriptional regulators involved in the control of the detected proteins pointed to the ramB gene as a candidate for strain improvement. The analysis of the ΔramB mutant demonstrated its function as an enhancer of the growth speed or resistance level against aspartic, fumaric, itaconic and malic acids in C. glutamicum. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The effect of dicarboxylic acids addition to the C. glutamicum culture broth has been described. This proteome response is detailed and the deletion of a global regulator (ramB) has been described as a possible improving method for industrial strains. In addition, the consumption of aspartic acid as nitrogen source has been described for the first time in C. glutamicum, as well as, the cross-regulation between malic acid and glucose through the F0F1 respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Vasco-Cárdenas
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
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Zahoor A, Lindner SN, Wendisch VF. Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum aimed at alternative carbon sources and new products. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2012; 3:e201210004. [PMID: 24688664 PMCID: PMC3962153 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is well known as the amino acid-producing workhorse of fermentation industry, being used for multi-million-ton scale production of glutamate and lysine for more than 60 years. However, it is only recently that extensive research has focused on engineering it beyond the scope of amino acids. Meanwhile, a variety of corynebacterial strains allows access to alternative carbon sources and/or allows production of a wide range of industrially relevant compounds. Some of these efforts set new standards in terms of titers and productivities achieved whereas others represent a proof-of-principle. These achievements manifest the position of C. glutamicum as an important industrial microorganism with capabilities far beyond the traditional amino acid production. In this review we focus on the state of the art of metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum for utilization of alternative carbon sources, (e.g. coming from wastes and unprocessed sources), and construction of C. glutamicum strains for production of new products such as diamines, organic acids and alcohols
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zahoor
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Steffen N Lindner
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker F Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology & CeBiTec, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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25
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Chakauya E, Coxon KM, Wei M, Macdonald MV, Barsby T, Abell C, Smith AG. Towards engineering increased pantothenate (vitamin B(5)) levels in plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 68:493-503. [PMID: 18726075 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pantothenate (vitamin B(5)) is the precursor of the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety of coenzyme A and acyl-carrier protein. It is made by plants and microorganisms de novo, but is a dietary requirement for animals. The pantothenate biosynthetic pathway is well-established in bacteria, comprising four enzymic reactions catalysed by ketopantoate hydroxymethyltransferase (KPHMT), L: -aspartate-alpha-decarboxylase (ADC), pantothenate synthetase (PS) and ketopantoate reductase (KPR) encoded by panB, panD, panC and panE genes, respectively. In higher plants, the genes encoding the first (KPHMT) and last (PS) enzymes have been identified and characterised in several plant species. Commercially, pantothenate is chemically synthesised and used in vitamin supplements, feed additives and cosmetics. Biotransformation is an attractive alternative production system that would circumvent the expensive procedures of separating racemic intermediates. We explored the possibility of manipulating pantothenate biosynthesis in plants. Transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus) lines were generated in which the E. coli KPHMT and PS genes were expressed under a strong constitutive CaMV35SS promoter. No significant change of pantothenate levels in PS transgenic lines was observed. In contrast plants expressing KPHMT had elevated pantothenate levels in leaves, flowers siliques and seed in the range of 1.5-2.5 fold increase compared to the wild type plant. Seeds contained the highest vitamin content, indicating that they might be the ideal target for production purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ereck Chakauya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
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26
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Han SO, Inui M, Yukawa H. Expression of Corynebacterium glutamicum glycolytic genes varies with carbon source and growth phase. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2007; 153:2190-2202. [PMID: 17600063 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2006/004366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A basic pattern of gene expression and of relative expression levels during different growth phases was obtained for Corynebacterium glutamicum R grown on different carbon sources. The gapA-pgk-tpi-ppc gene cluster was transcribed as a mono- or polycistronic mRNA, depending on the growth phase. The 1.4 kb (gapA) and 2.3 kb (pgk-tip) mRNAs were expressed in the early through late exponential phases, whereas the 3.7 kb (gapA-pgk-tpi) and 5.4 kb (pgk-tpi-ppc) mRNAs were only detected in the mid-exponential phase. All other glycolytic genes except pps, glk and pgi were transcribed as monocistronic mRNAs under all tested conditions. Identification and alignment of the promoter regions of the transcriptional start sites of glycolytic genes revealed strong similarities to the sigma(A) consensus promoter sequences of Gram-positive bacteria. All genes involved in glycolysis were coordinately expressed in medium containing glucose. Growth in the presence of glucose gave rise to abundant expression of most glycolytic genes, with the level of gapA transcript being the highest. Glucose depletion led to a rapid repression of most glycolytic genes and a corresponding two- to fivefold increased expression of the gluconeogenic genes pps, pck and malE, which are induced by pyruvate, lactate, acetate and/or other organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ok Han
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inui
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yukawa
- Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan
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27
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Rébeillé F, Ravanel S, Marquet A, Mendel RR, Webb ME, Smith AG, Warren MJ. Roles of vitamins B5, B8, B9, B12 and molybdenum cofactor at cellular and organismal levels. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:949-62. [PMID: 17898891 DOI: 10.1039/b703104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many efforts have been made in recent decades to understand how coenzymes, including vitamins, are synthesised in organisms. In the present review, we describe the most recent findings about the biological roles of five coenzymes: folate (vitamin B9), pantothenate (vitamin B5), cobalamin (vitamin B12), biotin (vitamin B8) and molybdenum cofactor (Moco). In the first part, we will emphasise their biological functions, including the specific roles found in some organisms. In the second part we will present some nutritional aspects and potential strategies to enhance the cofactor contents in organisms of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Rébeillé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, UMR5168, Université Joseph Fourier-CNRS-CEA-INRA, Institut de Recherche en Technologies et Sciences du Vivant, CEA-Grenoble, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.
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Blombach B, Schreiner ME, Holátko J, Bartek T, Oldiges M, Eikmanns BJ. L-valine production with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-deficient Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:2079-84. [PMID: 17293513 PMCID: PMC1855657 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02826-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum was engineered for the production of L-valine from glucose by deletion of the aceE gene encoding the E1p enzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and additional overexpression of the ilvBNCE genes encoding the L-valine biosynthetic enzymes acetohydroxyacid synthase, isomeroreductase, and transaminase B. In the absence of cellular growth, C. glutamicum DeltaaceE showed a relatively high intracellular concentration of pyruvate (25.9 mM) and produced significant amounts of pyruvate, L-alanine, and L-valine from glucose as the sole carbon source. Lactate or acetate was not formed. Plasmid-bound overexpression of ilvBNCE in C. glutamicum DeltaaceE resulted in an approximately 10-fold-lower intracellular pyruvate concentration (2.3 mM) and a shift of the extracellular product pattern from pyruvate and L-alanine towards L-valine. In fed-batch fermentations at high cell densities and an excess of glucose, C. glutamicum DeltaaceE(pJC4ilvBNCE) produced up to 210 mM L-valine with a volumetric productivity of 10.0 mM h(-1) (1.17 g l(-1) h(-1)) and a maximum yield of about 0.6 mol per mol (0.4 g per g) of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Blombach
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Hüser AT, Chassagnole C, Lindley ND, Merkamm M, Guyonvarch A, Elisáková V, Pátek M, Kalinowski J, Brune I, Pühler A, Tauch A. Rational design of a Corynebacterium glutamicum pantothenate production strain and its characterization by metabolic flux analysis and genome-wide transcriptional profiling. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:3255-68. [PMID: 15933028 PMCID: PMC1151861 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.6.3255-3268.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A "second-generation" production strain was derived from a Corynebacterium glutamicum pantothenate producer by rational design to assess its potential to synthesize and accumulate the vitamin pantothenate by batch cultivation. The new pantothenate production strain carries a deletion of the ilvA gene to abolish isoleucine synthesis, the promoter down-mutation P-ilvEM3 to attenuate ilvE gene expression and thereby increase ketoisovalerate availability, and two compatible plasmids to overexpress the ilvBNCD genes and duplicated copies of the panBC operon. Production assays in shake flasks revealed that the P-ilvEM3 mutation and the duplication of the panBC operon had cumulative effects on pantothenate production. During pH-regulated batch cultivation, accumulation of 8 mM pantothenate was achieved, which is the highest value reported for C. glutamicum. Metabolic flux analysis during the fermentation demonstrated that the P-ilvEM3 mutation successfully reoriented the carbon flux towards pantothenate biosynthesis. Despite this repartition of the carbon flux, ketoisovalerate not converted to pantothenate was excreted by the cell and dissipated as by-products (ketoisocaproate, DL-2,3,-dihydroxy-isovalerate, ketopantoate, pantoate), which are indicative of saturation of the pantothenate biosynthetic pathway. Genome-wide expression analysis of the production strain during batch cultivation was performed by whole-genome DNA microarray hybridization and agglomerative hierarchical clustering, which detected the enhanced expression of genes involved in leucine biosynthesis, in serine and glycine formation, in regeneration of methylenetetrahydrofolate, in de novo synthesis of nicotinic acid mononucleotide, and in a complete pathway of acyl coenzyme A conversion. Our strategy not only successfully improved pantothenate production by genetically modified C. glutamicum strains but also revealed new constraints in attaining high productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Hüser
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Institut für Genomforschung, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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