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Ali NS, Huang F, Qin W, Yang TC. A high throughput screening process and quick isolation of novel lignin-degrading microbes from large number of natural biomasses. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 39:e00809. [PMID: 37583477 PMCID: PMC10423689 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
High throughput screening approaches can significantly speed up the identification of novel enzymes from natural microbial consortiums. A two-step high throughput screening process was proposed and explored to screen lignin-degrading microorganisms. By employing this modified culture enrichment method and screening based on enzyme activity, a total of 82 bacterial and 46 fungal strains were isolated from fifty decayed wood samples (100 liquid cultures) collected from the banks of the Ottawa River in Canada. Among them, ten bacterial and five fungal strains were selected and identified based on their high laccase activities by 16S rDNA and ITS gene sequencing, respectively. The study identified bacterial strains from various genera including Serratia, Enterobacter, Raoultella, and Bacillus, along with fungal counterparts including Mucor, Trametes, Conifera and Aspergillus. Moreover, Aspergillus sydowii (AORF21), Mucor sp. (AORF43), Trametes versicolor (AORF3) and Enterobacter sp. (AORB55) exhibited xylanase and β- glucanase activities in addition to laccase production. The proposed approach allowed for the quick identification of promising consortia and enhanced the chance of isolating desired strains based on desired enzyme activities. This method is not limited to lignocellulose and lignin-degrading microorganisms but can be applied to identify novel microbial strains and enzymes from different natural samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Sufdar Ali
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Fang Huang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Trent Chunzhong Yang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Radveikienė I, Vidžiūnaitė R, Meškienė R, Meškys R, Časaitė V. Characterization of a Yellow Laccase from Botrytis cinerea 241. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020143. [PMID: 33671199 PMCID: PMC7922139 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical laccases have four copper atoms, which form three different copper centers, of which the T1 copper is responsible for the blue color of the enzyme and gives it a characteristic absorbance around 610 nm. Several laccases have unusual spectral properties and are referred to as yellow or white laccases. Only two yellow laccases from the Ascomycota phylum have been described previously, and only one amino acid sequence of those enzymes is available. A yellow laccase Bcl1 from Botrytis cinerea strain 241 has been identified, purified and characterized in this work. The enzyme appears to be a dimer with a molecular mass of 186 kDa. The gene encoding the Bcl1 protein has been cloned, and the sequence analysis shows that the yellow laccase Bcl1 is phylogenetically distinct from other known yellow laccases. In addition, a comparison of amino acid sequences, and 3D modeling shows that the Bcl1 laccase lacks a conservative tyrosine, which is responsible for absorption quenching at 610 nm in another yellow asco-laccase from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. High thermostability, high salt tolerance, broad substrate specificity, and the ability to decolorize dyes without the mediators suggest that the Bcl1 laccase is a potential enzyme for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrida Radveikienė
- Life Sciences Center, Department of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (V.Č.)
| | - Regina Vidžiūnaitė
- Life Sciences Center, Department of Bioanalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Rita Meškienė
- Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rolandas Meškys
- Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Vida Časaitė
- Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (R.M.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: (I.R.); (V.Č.)
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Ezike TC, Udeh JO, Joshua PE, Ezugwu AL, Isiwu CV, Eze SO, Chilaka FC. Substrate specificity of a new laccase from Trametes polyzona WRF03. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06080. [PMID: 33537494 PMCID: PMC7841367 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various aromatic compounds that are structurally analogous to lignin were tested as possible/preferred substrates for purified laccase from newly isolated white rote fungi, Trametes polyzona WRF03. The pH optima were tested using different substrates and kinetic studies were conducted at these pH optima. The pH optima in the presence of ABTS, α-naphthol, o-dianisidine, and catechol were 4.5 but 5.0 and 5.5 in the presence of guaiacol and pyrogallol, respectively. The initial velocities obtained from the kinetic study were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism 7 and Lineweaver-Burk plot to obtain kinetic constants (km and Vmax) which were used to calculate substrate specificity. Amongst all the substrates tested, ABTS had the highest specificity-constant (181.51 M−1s−1), and therefore, the most preferred substrate was followed by α-naphthol, o-dianisidine, guaiacol, pyrogallol, and catechol. Resorcinol, orcinol, and veratryl alcohol did not display any considerable chemical shift in the presence of Trametes polyzona WRF03 laccase. Also, oxidation of phenolic substrates appeared to be dependent on the nature of the substituent groups and their relative position on the aromatic nucleus. Since most of these substrates are structural analogs of lignin and many recalcitrant environmental pollutants, the enzyme may find application in delignification, treatment of wastewater containing dyes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
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Chan JC, Paice M, Zhang X. Enzymatic Oxidation of Lignin: Challenges and Barriers Toward Practical Applications. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jou C. Chan
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 2710 Crimson Way Richland WA-99354 USA
| | - Michael Paice
- FPInnovations Pulp Paper & Bioproducts 2665 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 2710 Crimson Way Richland WA-99354 USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 520 Battelle Boulevard P.O. Box 999, MSIN P8-60 Richland WA-99352 USA
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Singh G, Arya SK. Utility of laccase in pulp and paper industry: A progressive step towards the green technology. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:1070-1084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Noman E, Al-Gheethi A, Mohamed RMSR, Talip BA. Myco-Remediation of Xenobiotic Organic Compounds for a Sustainable Environment: A Critical Review. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:17. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Patel N, Shahane S, Shivam, Majumdar R, Mishra U. Mode of Action, Properties, Production, and Application of Laccase: A Review. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2019; 13:19-32. [PMID: 30147019 DOI: 10.2174/1872208312666180821161015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background and Source: Laccase belongs to the blue multi-copper oxidases, which are widely distributed in fungi and higher plants. It is present in Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes, and Basidiomycetes and found abundantly in white-rot fungi. Applications: Laccase enzymes because of their potential have acquired more importance and application in the area of textile, pulp and paper, and food industry. Recently, it is being used in developing biosensors for detection and removal of toxic pollutants, designing of biofuel cells and medical diagnostics tool. Laccase is also being used as a bioremediation agent as they have been found potent enough in cleaning up herbicides pesticides and certain explosives in soil. Because of having the ability to oxidize phenolic, non-phenolic lignin-related compounds and highly fractious environmental pollutants, laccases have drawn the attention of researchers in the last few decades. Commercially, laccases have been used to determine the difference between codeine and morphine, produce ethanol and are also being employed in de-lignify woody tissues. We have revised patents related to applicability of laccases. We have revised all the patents related to its wide applicability. Conclusion: For fulfillment of these wide applications, one of the major concerns is to develop a system for efficient production of these enzymes at a broad scale. Research in the field of laccases has been accelerated because of its wide diversity, utility, and enzymology. This paper deals with recent trends in implementation of the laccases in all practical possibilities with the help of optimizing various parameters and techniques which are responsible for mass production of the enzyme in industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Patel
- Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Agartala, Agartala-799046, India
| | - Shraddha Shahane
- Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Agartala, Agartala-799046, India
| | - Shivam
- Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Agartala, Agartala-799046, India
| | - Ria Majumdar
- Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Agartala, Agartala-799046, India
| | - Umesh Mishra
- Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Agartala, Agartala-799046, India
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Bioremediation of Xenobiotic Organic Compounds in Greywater by Fungi Isolated from Peatland, a Future Direction. MANAGEMENT OF GREYWATER IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90269-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Bilal M, Asgher M, Iqbal HMN, Hu H, Zhang X. Biotransformation of lignocellulosic materials into value-added products-A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 98:447-458. [PMID: 28163129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, with the key biotechnological advancements, lignocellulosic materials have gained a particular importance. In serious consideration of global economic, environmental and energy issues, research scientists have been re-directing their interests in (re)-valorizing naturally occurring lignocellulosic-based materials. In this context, lignin-modifying enzymes (LMEs) have gained considerable attention in numerous industrial and biotechnological processes. However, their lower catalytic efficiencies and operational stabilities limit their practical and multipurpose applications in various sectors. Therefore, to expand the range of natural industrial biocatalysts e.g. LMEs, significant progress related to the enzyme biotechnology has appeared. Owing to the abundant lignocellulose availability along with LMEs in combination with the scientific advances in the biotechnological era, solid-phase biocatalysts can be economically tailored on a large scale. This review article outlines first briefly on the lignocellulose materials as a potential source for biotransformation into value-added products including composites, fine chemicals, nutraceutical, delignification, and enzymes. Comprehensive information is also given on the purification and characterization of LMEs to present their potential for the industrial and biotechnological sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Muhammad Asgher
- Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., CP 64849, Mexico.
| | - Hongbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Upadhyay P, Shrivastava R, Agrawal PK. Bioprospecting and biotechnological applications of fungal laccase. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:15. [PMID: 28330085 PMCID: PMC4703590 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0316-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccase belongs to a small group of enzymes called the blue multicopper oxidases, having the potential ability of oxidation. It belongs to enzymes, which have innate properties of reactive radical production, but its utilization in many fields has been ignored because of its unavailability in the commercial field. There are diverse sources of laccase producing organisms like bacteria, fungi and plants. In fungi, laccase is present in Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Basidiomycetes and is particularly abundant in many white-rot fungi that degrade lignin. Laccases can degrade both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. They also have the ability to detoxify a range of environmental pollutants. Due to their property to detoxify a range of pollutants, they have been used for several purposes in many industries including paper, pulp, textile and petrochemical industries. Some other application of laccase includes in food processing industry, medical and health care. Recently, laccase has found applications in other fields such as in the design of biosensors and nanotechnology. The present review provides an overview of biological functions of laccase, its mechanism of action, laccase mediator system, and various biotechnological applications of laccase obtained from endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Ghurdauri, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rahul Shrivastava
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, HP, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Biotechnology, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Ghurdauri, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India.
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Plácido J, Chanagá X, Ortiz-Monsalve S, Yepes M, Mora A. Degradation and detoxification of synthetic dyes and textile industry effluents by newly isolated Leptosphaerulina sp. from Colombia. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-016-0084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kameshwar AKS, Qin W. Lignin Degrading Fungal Enzymes. PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS AND CHEMICALS FROM LIGNIN 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1965-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Tamboli AS, Rane NR, Patil SM, Biradar SP, Pawar PK, Govindwar SP. Physicochemical characterization, structural analysis and homology modeling of bacterial and fungal laccases using in silico methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13721-015-0089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Plácido J, Capareda S. Ligninolytic enzymes: a biotechnological alternative for bioethanol production. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-015-0049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Chenaux PR, Lalji N, Lefebvre DD. Trametes meyenii possesses elevated dye degradation abilities under normal nutritional conditions compared to other white rot fungi. AMB Express 2014; 4:74. [PMID: 25401075 PMCID: PMC4230814 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-014-0074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several species of white-rot fungi were investigated for their utility in prolonged decolouration of the recalcitrant sulfonated azo dye, amaranth. Trametes pubescens, T. multicolor, T. meyenii and T. versicolor decoloured amaranth azo-dye best on low-nitrogen agar-solidified media whereas Bjerkandera adusta and Phlebia radiata were most effective in low nitrogen medium supplemented with manganese. Trametes cotonea did not decolour effectively under any condition. The decolouring Trametes species were also effective in liquid culture whereas B. adusta and P. radiata were not. Trametes meyenii, T. pubescens and T. multicolor were equal to or better than commonly employed T. versicolor at decolouring amaranth. This is the first study to show the dye decolouration potential of T. meyenii, T. pubescens, and T. multicolor. Supplementing with Mn(II) increased assayable manganese peroxidase activity, but not long-term decolouration, indicating that laccase is the main decolourizing enzyme in these Trametes species. This appears to be because of inadequate Mn(3+) chelation required by manganese peroxidase because adding relatively low amounts of malonate enhanced decolouration rates. The ability of Trametes meyenii to simultaneously decolour dye over prolonged periods of time while growing in relatively nutrient-rich medium appears to be unique amongst white-rot fungi, indicating its potential in wastewater bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Chenaux
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston K7L 3 N6, ON, Canada
| | - Narisa Lalji
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston K7L 3 N6, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel D Lefebvre
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston K7L 3 N6, ON, Canada
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Gupta G, Gangwar R, Gautam A, Kumar L, Dhariwal A, Sahai V, Mishra S. Production of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase from a Newly Isolated White Rot Fungus Termitomyces sp. OE147. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:2099-115. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fungal laccases and their applications in bioremediation. Enzyme Res 2014; 2014:163242. [PMID: 24959348 PMCID: PMC4052089 DOI: 10.1155/2014/163242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are blue multicopper oxidases, which catalyze the monoelectronic oxidation of a broad spectrum of substrates, for example, ortho- and para-diphenols, polyphenols, aminophenols, and aromatic or aliphatic amines, coupled with a full, four-electron reduction of O2 to H2O. Hence, they are capable of degrading lignin and are present abundantly in many white-rot fungi. Laccases decolorize and detoxify the industrial effluents and help in wastewater treatment. They act on both phenolic and nonphenolic lignin-related compounds as well as highly recalcitrant environmental pollutants, and they can be effectively used in paper and pulp industries, textile industries, xenobiotic degradation, and bioremediation and act as biosensors. Recently, laccase has been applied to nanobiotechnology, which is an increasing research field, and catalyzes electron transfer reactions without additional cofactors. Several techniques have been developed for the immobilization of biomolecule such as micropatterning, self-assembled monolayer, and layer-by-layer techniques, which immobilize laccase and preserve their enzymatic activity. In this review, we describe the fungal source of laccases and their application in environment protection.
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Wells T, Kosa M, Ragauskas AJ. Polymerization of Kraft lignin via ultrasonication for high-molecular-weight applications. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2013; 20:1463-9. [PMID: 23714331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Kraft lignin is an inexpensive and abundant byproduct of pulp mills that can be used in the synthesis of adhesives and carbon fibers along with energy production. Some of these material applications favor the utilization of high molecular weight (HMW) lignin. This study investigates the use of ultrasonics as a means to increase the degree of polymerization (DP) of highly purified Kraft lignin. Treated samples were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, (13)C and (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). After 15 min of sustained cavitation, ultrasonicated lignin generated a high molecular-weight fraction (~35%) that had a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) over 450-fold greater than the initial Kraft lignin sample. (13)C-NMR and (31)P-NMR analysis indicated that the highly-polymerized fraction was enriched with C5 condensed phenolic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone Wells
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Sharif J, Mohamad SF, Fatimah Othman NA, Bakaruddin NA, Osman HN, Güven O. Graft copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate onto delignified kenaf fibers through pre-irradiation technique. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Evaluation of Biological Pretreatment of Rubberwood with White Rot Fungi for Enzymatic Hydrolysis. MATERIALS 2013; 6:2059-2073. [PMID: 28809260 PMCID: PMC5452515 DOI: 10.3390/ma6052059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
e effects of biological pretreatment on the rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), was evaluated after cultivation of white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Trametes versicolor, and a mixed culture of C. subvermispora and T. versicolor. The analysis of chemical compositions indicated that C. subvermispora had greater selectivity for lignin degradation with the highest lignin and hemicellulose loss at 45.06% and 42.08%, respectively, and lowest cellulose loss (9.50%) after 90 days among the tested samples. X-ray analysis showed that pretreated samples had a higher crystallinity than untreated samples. The sample pretreated by C. subvermispora presented the highest crystallinity of all the samples which might be caused by the selective degradation of amorphous components. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the content of lignin and hemicellulose decreased during the biological pretreatment process. A study on hydrolysis of rubberwood treated with C. subvermispora, T. versicolor, and mixed culture for 90 days resulted in an increased sugar yield of about 27.67%, 16.23%, and 14.20%, respectively, as compared with untreated rubberwood (2.88%). The results obtained demonstrate that rubberwood is a potential raw material for industrial applications and white rot fungus C. subevermispora provides an effective method for improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of rubberwood.
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Mohamed NH, Tamada M, Ueki Y, Seko N. Effect of partial delignification of kenaf bast fibers for radiation graft copolymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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do Rosário Freixo M, Karmali A, Arteiro JM. Production, purification and characterization of laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus grown on tomato pomace. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:245-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Moldes D, Vidal T. Reutilization of effluents from laccase-mediator treatments of kraft pulp for biobleaching. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3603-3606. [PMID: 21111614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Several effluents from laccase-mediator treatments of kraft pulp were recovered and subsequently reused with fresh pulp in order to simulate recirculation of effluents during biobleaching. The effluents were used as a new bleaching stage without any modification except enzyme addition. Pulp treated with effluents were afterwards chemically bleached by using the simple sequence LQPo, where L represents the treatment with effluent and laccase addition, Q is a chelating stage and Po is an alkaline peroxide stage. This system showed a promising potential on delignification, with kappa number ranging from 5.5 to 6.6 after LQPo sequence, depending on the type of effluent employed in L stage. Improvements on pulp brightness were also reported compared with control experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moldes
- Department of Textile and Paper Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain
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Frébortová J, Novák O, Frébort I, Jorda R. Degradation of cytokinins by maize cytokinin dehydrogenase is mediated by free radicals generated by enzymatic oxidation of natural benzoxazinones. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 61:467-81. [PMID: 19912568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.04071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxamic acid 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-one (DIMBOA) was isolated from maize phloem sap as a compound enhancing the degradation of isopentenyl adenine by maize cytokinin dehydrogenase (CKX), after oxidative conversion by either laccase or peroxidase. Laccase and peroxidase catalyze oxidative cleavage of DIMBOA to 4-nitrosoresorcinol-1-monomethyl ether (coniferron), which serves as a weak electron acceptor of CKX. The oxidation of DIMBOA and coniferron generates transitional free radicals that are used by CKX as effective electron acceptors. The function of free radicals in the CKX-catalyzed reaction was also verified with a stable free radical of 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid. Application of exogenous cytokinin to maize seedlings resulted in an enhanced benzoxazinoid content in maize phloem sap. The results indicate a new function for DIMBOA in the metabolism of the cytokinin group of plant hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Frébortová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University/Institute of Experimental Botany of the Academy of Science, Slechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Areskogh D, Nousiainen P, Li J, Gellerstedt G, Sipilä J, Henriksson G. ORIGINAL RESEARCH: Sulfonation of phenolic end groups in lignin directs laccase-initiated reactions towards cross-linking. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2010.6.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Areskogh
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paula Nousiainen
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiebing Li
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Gellerstedt
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Sipilä
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, PO Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gunnar Henriksson
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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El Ajjouri M, Ghanmi M, Satrani B, Amarti F, Rahouti M, Aafi A, Ismaili MR, Farah A. Composition chimique et activité antifongique des huiles essentielles deThymus algeriensisBoiss. & Reut. etThymus ciliatus(Desf.) Benth. contre les champignons de pourriture du bois. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2010.10516206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bak JS, Ko JK, Choi IG, Park YC, Seo JH, Kim KH. Fungal pretreatment of lignocellulose byPhanerochaete chrysosporiumto produce ethanol from rice straw. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 104:471-82. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Harreither W, Sygmund C, Dünhofen E, Vicuña R, Haltrich D, Ludwig R. Cellobiose dehydrogenase from the ligninolytic basidiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:2750-7. [PMID: 19270118 PMCID: PMC2681716 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02320-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), an extracellular flavocytochrome produced by several wood-degrading fungi, was detected in cultures of the selective delignifier Ceriporiopsis subvermispora when grown on a cellulose- and yeast extract-based liquid medium. CDH amounted to up to 2.5% of total extracellular protein during latter phases of the cultivation and thus suggested an important function for the fungus under the given conditions. The enzyme was purified 44-fold to apparent homogeneity. It was found to be present in two glycoforms of 98 kDa and 87 kDa with carbohydrate contents of 16 and 4%, respectively. The isoelectric point of both glycoforms is around 3.0, differing by 0.1 units, which is the most acidic value so far reported for a CDH. By using degenerated primers of known CDH sequences, one cdh gene was found in the genomic DNA, cloned, and sequenced. Alignment of the 774-amino-acid protein sequence revealed a high similarity to CDH from other white rot fungi. One notable difference was found in the longer interdomain peptide linker, which might affect the interdomain electron transfer at higher temperatures. The preferred substrate of C. subvermispora CDH is cellobiose, while glucose conversion is strongly discriminated by a 155,000-fold-lower catalytic efficiency. This is a typical feature of a basidiomycete CDH, as are the acidic pH optima for all tested electron acceptors in the range from 2.5 to 4.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Harreither
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Division of Food Biotechnology, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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Schreiner KM, Filley TR, Blanchette RA, Bowen BB, Bolskar RD, Hockaday WC, Masiello CA, Raebiger JW. White-rot basidiomycete-mediated decomposition of C60 fullerol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:3162-8. [PMID: 19534129 PMCID: PMC2714669 DOI: 10.1021/es801873q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Industrially produced carbon-based nanomaterials (CNM), including fullerenes and nanotubes, will be introduced into the environment in increasing amounts in the next decades. One likely environmental chemical transformation of C60 is oxidation to C60 fullerol through both abiotic- and biotic-mediated means. Unfortunately, knowledge of the environmental fate of oxidized CNM is lacking. This study used bulk and compound-specific 13C stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry techniques and spectroradiometry analysis to examine the ability of two white rot basidiomycete fungi (Phlebia tremellosa and Trametes versicolor) to metabolize and degrade an oxygenated CNM, C60 fullerol. After 32 weeks of decay, both fungi were able to bleach and oxidize fullerol to CO2. Additionally, the fungi incorporated minor amounts of the fullerol carbon into lipid biomass. These findings are significant in that they represent the first report of direct biodegradation and utilization of any fullerene derivative and provide valuable information about the possible environmental fates of other CNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Schreiner
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Timothy R. Filley
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Corresponding author phone: (765) 494-6581,
| | - Robert A. Blanchette
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Brenda Beitler Bowen
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Blanford CF, Foster CE, Heath RS, Armstrong FA. Efficient electrocatalytic oxygen reduction by the ‘blue’ copper oxidase, laccase, directly attached to chemically modified carbons. Faraday Discuss 2009; 140:319-35; discussion 417-37. [DOI: 10.1039/b808939f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Moldes D, Vidal T. Laccase-HBT bleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulp: influence of the operating conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:8565-8570. [PMID: 18495477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Different operating conditions (viz. pulp consistency, oxygen pressure and treatment time) in the biobleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulp with the laccase-HBT system was tested in order to describe their effect and normalize a biobleaching protocol. A high O(2) pressure (0.6MPa) was found to result in improved laccase-assisted delignification of the pulp. Also, a high pulp consistency (10%) and a short treatment time (2h) proved the best choices with a view to obtaining good pulp properties (kappa number and ISO brightness) under essentially mild conditions. The laccase-HBT treatment was found to result in slight delignification (in the form of a 20-27% decrease in kappa number); however, an alkaline extraction stage raised delignification to 41-45%, a much higher level than those obtained in the control tests (16-23%). Also, the use of hydrogen peroxide in the extraction stage resulted in improved brightness (14-19%), but in scarcely improved delignification (4-7%). Treating the pulp with the laccase-HBT system reduced the amount of hydrogen peroxide required for subsequent alkaline bleaching by a factor of 3-4 relative to control tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moldes
- Department of Textile and Paper Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Colom 11, E-08222 Terrassa, Spain.
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Singh G, Ahuja N, Batish M, Capalash N, Sharma P. Biobleaching of wheat straw-rich soda pulp with alkalophilic laccase from gamma-proteobacterium JB: optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:7472-7479. [PMID: 18387802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An alkalophilic laccase from gamma-proteobacterium JB was applied to wheat straw-rich soda pulp to check its bleaching potential by using response surface methodology based on central composite design. The design was employed by selecting laccase units, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) concentration and pH as model factors. The results of second order factorial design experiments showed that all three independent variables had significant effect on brightness and kappa number of laccase-treated pulp. Optimum conditions for biobleaching of pulp with laccase preparation (specific activity, 65 nkat mg(-1) protein) were 20 nkat g(-1) of pulp, 2mM ABTS and pH 8.0 which enhanced brightness by 5.89% and reduced kappa number by 21.1% within 4h of incubation at 55 degrees C, without further alkaline extraction of pulp. Tear index (8%) and burst index (18%) also improved for laccase-treated pulp as compared to control raw pulp. Treatment of chemically (CEH1H2) bleached pulp with laccase showed significant effect on release of chromophores, hydrophobic and reducing compounds. Laccase-prebleaching of raw pulp reduced the use of hypochlorite by 10% to achieve brightness of resultant hand sheets similar to the fully chemically bleached pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Abstract
One enzyme, one physiological role, that's how most scientists have traditionally looked at it but there is a growing appreciation that some enzymes "moonlight" i.e. in addition to their "primary" catalytic function, they carry other functions as well. Moonlighting refers to a protein that has multiple functions, which are not because of gene fusion; splice variants or multiple proteolytic fragments. Until recently laccases were reported from eukaryotes, e.g. fungi, plants, insect. However there is some evidence for its existence in prokaryotes, a protein with typical features of multi-copper oxidase enzyme family. The present available knowledge of its structure provides a glimpse of its plasticity, revealing a multitude of binding sites responsible for multifunctional activity. Laccase represents an example of a 'moonlighting' protein that overcomes the one gene-one structure-one function concept to follow the changes of the organism in its physiological and pathological conditions. It is wide spread in plants, where it is involved in biosynthesis of lignin; in fungi it is involved in lignin degradation, development associated pigmentation (melanin synthesis), detoxification and pathogenesis, and in bacteria, laccases are involved in the synthesis of endospore coat protein (cot A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kant Sharma
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021 India
| | - Ramesh Chander Kuhad
- Lignocellulose Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021 India
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Ben Younes S, Mechichi T, Sayadi S. Purification and characterization of the laccase secreted by the white rot fungus Perenniporia tephropora and its role in the decolourization of synthetic dyes. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 102:1033-42. [PMID: 17381747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the white rot fungus Perenniporia tephropora with respect to its laccase and to test its ability to decolourize synthetic dyes. METHODS AND RESULTS Under the culture conditions utilized, P. tephropora produced one laccase isozyme, which was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, size-exclusion chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography. The protein was monomeric with a molecular mass of 63 kDa (SDS-PAGE) and had an isoelectric point of 3.3. The N-terminal amino acid sequence was SIGPVADLTVTNANI and the highest similarity value was found to the laccase from Lentinus tigrinus (86.6%). The optimum pH of the enzyme varied and was substrate dependent. It was 4.0 and 5.0 for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), respectively. Under standard assay conditions, K(m) values of the enzyme were 7.3 and 0.4 mmol l(-1) towards DMP and ABTS, respectively. The laccase was inhibited by NaN(3), EDTA and p-coumarate but not by SDS and NaBr. Laccase was stable in the presence of some metal ions such as Cu(2+), Co(2+), Ca(2+), Cd(2+), Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Mo(2+), Ni(2+), Li(+) and Al(3+). The crude enzyme as well as the purified laccase was able to decolourize dyes from the textile industries, including remazol brilliant blue R, neolane blue and neolane pink. However, several other dyes were partially or not decolourized. In the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole as mediator, only the decolourization of neolane yellow was achieved, while the decolourization of most of the dyes was just slightly improved. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study is the first report on the purification and the characterization of the laccase from the white rot fungus P. tephropora. The high levels of laccase secreted by this fungal strain as well as its stability suggest that it could be a useful tool for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ben Younes
- Laboratoire des Bioprocédés, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Shumakovich GP, Shleev SV, Morozova OV, Khohlov PS, Gazaryan IG, Yaropolov AI. Electrochemistry and kinetics of fungal laccase mediators. Bioelectrochemistry 2006; 69:16-24. [PMID: 16318928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The screening of potential redox mediators for laccase was performed using homogeneous Trametes hirsuta laccase. Heterogeneous (electrochemical) and homogeneous (oxidation by laccase) reactions of the different types of the enhancers (mediators) of the enzyme were investigated. It was discovered that derivatives of phenyl-methyl-pyrazolones and benzoic acid, as well as N-hydroxynaphthalimide were efficient substrates for the laccase. The characterization of several representatives from each class was carried out using electrochemical and enzyme kinetics methods. The kinetic parameters for the oxidation of phenyl-methyl-pyrazolones and 3-(6-hylroxy)-aminobenzoic acid were comparable to those for 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) oxidation by the laccase, whereas the rate of enzymatic oxidation of N-hydroxynaphthalimide was sufficiently lower. Electrochemical experiments demonstrated that only oxidation of phenyl-methyl-pyrazolones and N-hydroxynaphthalimide yielded several high-potential intermediates capable of oxidizing veratryl alcohol, which was used as a lignin model substrate, whereas derivatives of benzoic acid showed low-potential intermediate, which was not able to oxidized lignin model compound. Phenyl-methyl-pyrazolones was about 50% as effective in degrading veratryl alcohol compared to ABTS as judged from HPLC kinetic studies, whereas N-hydroxynaphthalimide showed the same efficiency as ABTS. Phenyl-methyl-pyrazolones and hydroxynaphthalimides may be of commercial interest for oxidoreductase-catalyzed biodegradation of different xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Shumakovich
- Laboratory of Chemical Enzymology, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Rodríguez Couto S, Toca Herrera JL. Industrial and biotechnological applications of laccases: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2006; 24:500-13. [PMID: 16716556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laccases have received much attention from researchers in last decades due to their ability to oxidise both phenolic and non-phenolic lignin related compounds as well as highly recalcitrant environmental pollutants, which makes them very useful for their application to several biotechnological processes. Such applications include the detoxification of industrial effluents, mostly from the paper and pulp, textile and petrochemical industries, use as a tool for medical diagnostics and as a bioremediation agent to clean up herbicides, pesticides and certain explosives in soil. Laccases are also used as cleaning agents for certain water purification systems, as catalysts for the manufacture of anti-cancer drugs and even as ingredients in cosmetics. In addition, their capacity to remove xenobiotic substances and produce polymeric products makes them a useful tool for bioremediation purposes. This paper reviews the applications of laccases within different industrial fields as well as their potential extension to the nanobiotechnology area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez Couto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Shleev S, Persson P, Shumakovich G, Mazhugo Y, Yaropolov A, Ruzgas T, Gorton L. Interaction of fungal laccases and laccase-mediator systems with lignin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zouari-Mechichi H, Mechichi T, Dhouib A, Sayadi S, Martínez AT, Martínez MJ. Laccase purification and characterization from Trametes trogii isolated in Tunisia: decolorization of textile dyes by the purified enzyme. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Clough RC, Pappu K, Thompson K, Beifuss K, Lane J, Delaney DE, Harkey R, Drees C, Howard JA, Hood EE. Manganese peroxidase from the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is enzymatically active and accumulates to high levels in transgenic maize seed. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2006; 4:53-62. [PMID: 17177785 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2005.00157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Manganese peroxidase (MnP) has been implicated in lignin degradation and thus has potential applications in pulp and paper bleaching, enzymatic remediation and the textile industry. Transgenic plants are an emerging protein expression platform that offer many advantages over traditional systems, in particular their potential for large-scale industrial enzyme production. Several plant expression vectors were created to evaluate the accumulation of MnP from the wood-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium in maize seed. We showed that cell wall targeting yielded full-length MnP, whereas cytoplasmic localization resulted in multiple truncated peroxidase polypeptides as detected by immunoblot analysis. In addition, the use of a seed-preferred promoter dramatically increased the expression levels and reduced the negative effects on plant health. Multiple independent transgenic lines were backcrossed with elite inbred corn lines for several generations with the maintenance of high-level expression, indicating genetic stability of the transgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Clough
- ProdiGene, Inc., 101 Gateway Blvd., Suite 100, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
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Arias ME, Arenas M, Rodríguez J, Soliveri J, Ball AS, Hernández M. Kraft pulp biobleaching and mediated oxidation of a nonphenolic substrate by laccase from Streptomyces cyaneus CECT 3335. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:1953-8. [PMID: 12676669 PMCID: PMC154780 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.4.1953-1958.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2002] [Accepted: 01/06/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) produced by Streptomyces cyaneus CECT 3335 in liquid media containing soya flour (20 g per liter) was purified to homogeneity. The physicochemical, catalytic, and spectral characteristics of this enzyme, as well as its suitability for biobleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulps, were assessed. The purified laccase had a molecular mass of 75 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.6, and its optimal pH and temperature were 4.5 and 70 degrees C, respectively. The activity was strongly enhanced in the presence of Cu(2+), Mn(2+), and Mg(2+) and was completely inhibited by EDTA and sodium azide. The purified laccase exhibited high levels of activity against 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and no activity against tyrosine. The UV-visible spectrum of the purified laccase was the typical spectrum of the blue laccases, with an absorption peak at 600 nm and a shoulder around 330 to 340 nm. The ability of the purified laccase to oxidize a nonphenolic compound, such as veratryl alcohol, in the presence of ABTS opens up new possibilities for the use of bacterial laccases in the pulp and paper industry. We demonstrated that application of the laccase from S. cyaneus in the presence of ABTS to biobleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulps resulted in a significant decrease in the kappa number (2.3 U) and an important increase in the brightness (2.2%, as determined by the International Standard Organization test) of pulps, showing the suitability of laccases produced by streptomycetes for industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Enriqueta Arias
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Barsberg S. Modification phenomena of solid-state lignin caused by electron-abstracting oxidative systems. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 404:62-70. [PMID: 12127070 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative treatments of wood pulp lignin by one-electron-abstracting enzymatic or chemical systems result in modification phenomena which are not fully described in terms of those known from lignin model compound studies. The generation of, e.g., long-lived radicals necessitates nondestructive spectroscopic analysis of the lignin polymer for a proper characterization of these. The present work exposes a complexity of spectroscopic modification phenomena, which has not previously been realized. This is achieved by a laccase-mediator system, where the mediator is an aromatic low-molecular-weight compound, which mediates the electron abstraction between the lignin and the enzyme laccase. It is demonstrated that the modification generated exhibits qualitatively different temporal phases. The mechanisms are partly explained in terms of Marcus electron transfer theory, and it is suggested that these may play a role in the in vivo synthesis and degradation of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Barsberg
- Plant Fibre Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 10, Agrovej, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
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Flax pulp bleaching and residual lignin modification by laccase-mediator systems* *This work has been funded by the Spanish project 2FD97-0896-C02-02 and the EU project QLK3-99-590. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0921-0423(02)80023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Synergistic effects of cellobiose dehydrogenase and manganese-dependent peroxidases during lignin degradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02901905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dumonceaux T, Bartholomew K, Valeanu L, Charles T, Archibald F. Cellobiose dehydrogenase is essential for wood invasion and nonessential for kraft pulp delignification by Trametes versicolor. Enzyme Microb Technol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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ten Have R, Teunissen PJ. Oxidative mechanisms involved in lignin degradation by white-rot fungi. Chem Rev 2001; 101:3397-413. [PMID: 11749405 DOI: 10.1021/cr000115l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R ten Have
- Division of Industrial Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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