1
|
Batz P, Will T, Thiel S, Ziesche TM, Joachim C. From identification to forecasting: the potential of image recognition and artificial intelligence for aphid pest monitoring. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1150748. [PMID: 37538063 PMCID: PMC10396399 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Insect monitoring has gained global public attention in recent years in the context of insect decline and biodiversity loss. Monitoring methods that can collect samples over a long period of time and independently of human influences are of particular importance. While these passive collection methods, e.g. suction traps, provide standardized and comparable data sets, the time required to analyze the large number of samples and trapped specimens is high. Another challenge is the necessary high level of taxonomic expertise required for accurate specimen processing. These factors create a bottleneck in specimen processing. In this context, machine learning, image recognition and artificial intelligence have emerged as promising tools to address the shortcomings of manual identification and quantification in the analysis of such trap catches. Aphids are important agricultural pests that pose a significant risk to several important crops and cause high economic losses through feeding damage and transmission of plant viruses. It has been shown that long-term monitoring of migrating aphids using suction traps can be used to make, adjust and improve predictions of their abundance so that the risk of plant viruses spreading through aphids can be more accurately predicted. With the increasing demand for alternatives to conventional pesticide use in crop protection, the need for predictive models is growing, e.g. as a basis for resistance development and as a measure for resistance management. In this context, advancing climate change has a strong influence on the total abundance of migrating aphids as well as on the peak occurrences of aphids within a year. Using aphids as a model organism, we demonstrate the possibilities of systematic monitoring of insect pests and the potential of future technical developments in the subsequent automated identification of individuals through to the use of case data for intelligent forecasting models. Using aphids as an example, we show the potential for systematic monitoring of insect pests through technical developments in the automated identification of individuals from static images (i.e. advances in image recognition software). We discuss the potential applications with regard to the automatic processing of insect case data and the development of intelligent prediction models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Batz
- ALM – Adaptiv Lernende Maschinen – Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Nisterau, Germany
| | - Torsten Will
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Thiel
- ALM – Adaptiv Lernende Maschinen – Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Nisterau, Germany
| | - Tim Mark Ziesche
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Joachim
- Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Modelling interference between vectors of non-persistently transmitted plant viruses to identify effective control strategies. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009727. [PMID: 34962929 PMCID: PMC8758101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphids are the primary vector of plant viruses. Transient aphids, which probe several plants per day, are considered to be the principal vectors of non-persistently transmitted (NPT) viruses. However, resident aphids, which can complete their life cycle on a single host and are affected by agronomic practices, can transmit NPT viruses as well. Moreover, they can interfere both directly and indirectly with transient aphids, eventually shaping plant disease dynamics. By means of an epidemiological model, originally accounting for ecological principles and agronomic practices, we explore the consequences of fertilization and irrigation, pesticide deployment and roguing of infected plants on the spread of viral diseases in crops. Our results indicate that the spread of NPT viruses can be i) both reduced or increased by fertilization and irrigation, depending on whether the interference is direct or indirect; ii) counter-intuitively increased by pesticide application and iii) reduced by roguing infected plants. We show that a better understanding of vectors’ interactions would enhance our understanding of disease transmission, supporting the development of disease management strategies. A range of both experimental and theoretical studies show that the behaviour and population dynamics of insects depend strongly upon interactions with other insect species. These interactions have the potential to greatly affect the dynamics of insect-vectored plant disease, as transmission of viruses is intimately dependent on the local density of vectors, as well as how they select and move between potential host plants. Surprisingly, the effects of interaction between vector species on epidemics remains little studied and even worse understood, probably because experimentation is costly and difficult. Here, we present a model which permits us to investigate the effect of interaction between a virus, two vector species and the host plant on the spread of viral disease in crops. In this study, our model is used to explore the consequences of common agronomic practices on epidemics. Our study highlights the importance of exploring vectors’ interactions to enhance the understanding of disease transmission, supporting the development of disease management strategies.
Collapse
|
3
|
Skendžić S, Zovko M, Živković IP, Lešić V, Lemić D. The Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Insect Pests. INSECTS 2021; 12:440. [PMID: 34066138 PMCID: PMC8150874 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and global warming are of great concern to agriculture worldwide and are among the most discussed issues in today's society. Climate parameters such as increased temperatures, rising atmospheric CO2 levels, and changing precipitation patterns have significant impacts on agricultural production and on agricultural insect pests. Changes in climate can affect insect pests in several ways. They can result in an expansion of their geographic distribution, increased survival during overwintering, increased number of generations, altered synchrony between plants and pests, altered interspecific interaction, increased risk of invasion by migratory pests, increased incidence of insect-transmitted plant diseases, and reduced effectiveness of biological control, especially natural enemies. As a result, there is a serious risk of crop economic losses, as well as a challenge to human food security. As a major driver of pest population dynamics, climate change will require adaptive management strategies to deal with the changing status of pests. Several priorities can be identified for future research on the effects of climatic changes on agricultural insect pests. These include modified integrated pest management tactics, monitoring climate and pest populations, and the use of modelling prediction tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Skendžić
- Department of Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.P.Ž.); (D.L.)
- Department of Soil Amelioration, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Monika Zovko
- Department of Soil Amelioration, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivana Pajač Živković
- Department of Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.P.Ž.); (D.L.)
| | - Vinko Lešić
- Innovation Centre Nikola Tesla, Unska 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Darija Lemić
- Department of Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.P.Ž.); (D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Q, Liu JT, Zhang YJ, Chen JL, Li XC, Liang P, Gao XW, Zhou JJ, Gu SH. Coordinative mediation of the response to alarm pheromones by three odorant binding proteins in the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 130:103528. [PMID: 33482303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) play an essential role for insect chemosensation in insect peripheral nervous systems of antennae. Each antennal sensilla contains more than one OBP at high concentrations but the interactions and cooperation between co-localized OBPs are rarely reported. In present study, we cloned, expressed and purified eight OBPs of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. The effects of knocking down the expression of these OBP genes by RNAi on the electrophysiological and behavioural responses of M. persicae to the aphid alarm pheromone, (E)-β-farnesene (EβF) were investigated. The results showed that the aphids could still be repelled by EβF when the expression of each of three OBP genes was individually knocked down. However, the simultaneous knockdown of MperOBP3/7/9 expression significantly reduced the electrophysiological response and the repellent behaviours of M. persicae to EβF than the single OBP gene knockdown (P < 0.05). Rather than a normal saturation binding curve of individual OBP, the binding curve of MperOBP3/7/9 is bell-shaped with a higher affinity for the fluorescent probe N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (1-NPN). The competitive binding assays confirmed that MperOBP3, MperOBP7, MperOBP9 and MperOBP3/7/9 mixture exhibited a stronger binding affinity for EβF, than for sex pheromones and plant volatiles with a dissociation constant of 2.5 μM, 1.1 μM, 3.9 μM and 1.0 μM, respectively. The competitive binding curve of MperOBP3/7/9 mixture to EβF is shallow without bottom plateau, suggesting a conformational change and a rapid dissociation after the displacement of all 1-NPN (in vivo after the saturation binding of all OBPs by EβF). The interaction between OBPs and formation of a heterogeneous unit may facilitate the delivery EβF to the OR at electrophysiological and behavioural levels during insect odorant signal transduction thus mediate M. persicae response to the alarm pheromone EβF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ju-Lian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xian-Chun Li
- Department of Entomology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi-Wu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shao-Hua Gu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Polder G, Blok PM, de Villiers HAC, van der Wolf JM, Kamp J. Potato Virus Y Detection in Seed Potatoes Using Deep Learning on Hyperspectral Images. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:209. [PMID: 30881366 PMCID: PMC6405642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Virus diseases are of high concern in the cultivation of seed potatoes. Once found in the field, virus diseased plants lead to declassification or even rejection of the seed lots resulting in a financial loss. Farmers put in a lot of effort to detect diseased plants and remove virus-diseased plants from the field. Nevertheless, dependent on the cultivar, virus diseased plants can be missed during visual observations in particular in an early stage of cultivation. Therefore, there is a need for fast and objective disease detection. Early detection of diseased plants with modern vision techniques can significantly reduce costs. Laboratory experiments in previous years showed that hyperspectral imaging clearly could distinguish healthy from virus infected potato plants. This paper reports on our first real field experiment. A new imaging setup was designed, consisting of a hyperspectral line-scan camera. Hyperspectral images were taken in the field with a line interval of 5 mm. A fully convolutional neural network was adapted for hyperspectral images and trained on two experimental rows in the field. The trained network was validated on two other rows, with different potato cultivars. For three of the four row/date combinations the precision and recall compared to conventional disease assessment exceeded 0.78 and 0.88, respectively. This proves the suitability of this method for real world disease detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Polder
- Agro Food Robotics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Pieter M. Blok
- Agro Food Robotics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jan M. van der Wolf
- Biointeractions & Plant Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Kamp
- Field Crops, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mondal S, Wenninger EJ, Hutchinson PJS, Whitworth JL, Shrestha D, Eigenbrode SD, Bosque-Pérez NA, Snyder WE. Responses of Aphid Vectors of Potato leaf roll virus to Potato Varieties. PLANT DISEASE 2017; 101:1812-1818. [PMID: 30676926 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-16-1811-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) can reduce tuber yield and quality in potato. Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulzer]) and potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae [Thomas]) are the two most important potato-colonizing PLRV vectors in the Pacific Northwest. We compared My. persicae and Ma. euphorbiae densities and PLRV incidences among potato varieties in the field to clarify the relationships between aphid abundance and PLRV incidence in plants. Aphids were sampled weekly over three years in the potato varieties Russet Burbank, Ranger Russet, and Russet Norkotah in a replicated field trial. In all years, My. persicae was more abundant than Ma. euphorbiae, representing at least 97% of samples. My. persicae densities did not differ among potato varieties across years; very low numbers of Ma. euphorbiae precluded such statistical comparisons for this species. PLRV infection did not differ significantly among potato varieties, although the percent of PLRV-infected plants differed among years when all varieties were combined (46% in 2013, 29% in 2011, 13% in 2012). For Ranger Russet and Russet Norkotah, PLRV incidence was positively correlated with aphid abundance as well as proportion of PLRV-positive aphids. In Russet Burbank, only aphid abundance was positively correlated with PLRV infection. Our results suggest that the three most commonly grown potato varieties in our region do not differ in their susceptibility to PLRV infection, and that aphid density was a consistent indicator of the risk of infection by this virus across varieties. Both of these findings can be used to hone PLRV monitoring and modeling efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaonpius Mondal
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID 83210
| | - Erik J Wenninger
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Kimberly Research & Extension Center, Kimberly, ID 83341-5082
| | - Pamela J S Hutchinson
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID 83210
| | | | - Deepak Shrestha
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, Aberdeen, ID 83210
| | - Sanford D Eigenbrode
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
| | - Nilsa A Bosque-Pérez
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
| | - William E Snyder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6382
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mardani-Talaee M, Razmjou J, Nouri-Ganbalani G, Hassanpour M, Naseri B. Impact of Chemical, Organic and Bio-Fertilizers Application on Bell Pepper, Capsicum annuum L. and Biological Parameters of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hem.: Aphididae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:578-586. [PMID: 28283949 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is a polyphagous aphid that causes chlorosis, necrosis, stunting, and reduce growth rate of the host plants. In this research, the effects of Zinc sulfate and vermicompost (30%), Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Glomus intraradices, G. intraradices × B. subtilis, and G. intraradices × P. fluorescens compared to control was investigated on the growth characters of Capsicum annuum L. and biological parameters of M. persicae. Different fertilizers caused a significant effect on growth characters of C. annuum and biological parameters of M. persicae. The highest plant growth was observed on Zinc sulfate and B. subtilis treated plants, and the lowest was on control. Increase in the amount of specific leaf area (SLA) (0.502 mm2 mg-1) was significantly higher in the B. subtilis than other fertilizer treatments. The longest (10.3 days) and the shortest (5.3 days) developmental times of M. persicae nymphs were observed on 30% vermicompost and Zinc sulfate treatments, respectively. The lowest adult longevity periods of M. persicae (11.2 and 11.3 days) were observed on G. intraradices × B. subtilis and 30% vermicompost treatments, respectively, and the longest ones (16.4 days) on Zinc sulfate. The highest rate of nymphal mortality and the lowest amount of nymphal growth index (NGI) were recorded on 30% vermicompost. The nymphs reared on Zinc sulfate treatment had the lowest rate of nymphal mortality and the highest amount of NGI. Thus, amending the soil with 30% vermicompost had a significantly negative effect on the biological parameters of M. persicae that can be used as an ecological control tactic for this pest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mardani-Talaee
- Dept of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Univ of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - J Razmjou
- Dept of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Univ of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - G Nouri-Ganbalani
- Dept of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Univ of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - M Hassanpour
- Dept of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Univ of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - B Naseri
- Dept of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Univ of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Choi KS, del Toro F, Tenllado F, Canto T, Chung BN. A Model to Explain Temperature Dependent Systemic Infection of Potato Plants by Potato virus Y. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 33:206-211. [PMID: 28381967 PMCID: PMC5378441 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.06.2016.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the rate of systemic infection of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Chu-Baek) by Potato virus Y (PVY) was studied in growth chambers. Systemic infection of PVY was observed only within the temperature range of 16°C to 32°C. Within this temperature range, the time required for a plant to become infected systemically decreased from 14 days at 20°C to 5.7 days at 28°C. The estimated lower thermal threshold was 15.6°C and the thermal constant was 65.6 degree days. A systemic infection model was constructed based on experimental data, using the infection rate (Lactin-2 model) and the infection distribution (three-parameter Weibull function) models, which accurately described the completion rate curves to systemic infection and the cumulative distributions obtained in the PVY-potato system, respectively. Therefore, this model was useful to predict the progress of systemic infections by PVY in potato plants, and to construct the epidemic models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung San Choi
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju 63240,
Korea
| | - Francisco del Toro
- Biological Research Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid 28040,
Spain
| | - Francisco Tenllado
- Biological Research Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid 28040,
Spain
| | - Tomas Canto
- Biological Research Center, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid 28040,
Spain
| | - Bong Nam Chung
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeju 63240,
Korea
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-64-741-2580, FAX) +82-64-749-2066, E-mail)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mondal S, Wenninger EJ, Hutchinson PJS, Weibe MA, Eigenbrode SD, Bosque-Pérez NA. Contribution of Noncolonizing Aphids to Potato Virus Y Prevalence in Potato in Idaho. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:1445-1462. [PMID: 28028092 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) is a major concern for potato production in the United States given its impact on both crop quality and yield. Although green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is the most efficient PVY vector, it may be less abundant in potato-growing areas of Idaho relative to non-potato-colonizing aphid vectors of PVY that may disperse from nearby cereal fields and other crops. A field study was conducted during 2012-2013 to examine if noncolonizing aphids disperse to nearby potato fields as cereal crops dry down before harvest. The aphid fauna was sampled weekly in four different potato fields in south-central and southeastern Idaho using yellow sticky traps and yellow pan traps. Potato fields were chosen with an adjacent cereal field such that the prevailing westerly wind would facilitate aphid dispersal from cereal fields to potato. Non-potato-colonizing aphids sampled included 10 cereal aphid species, the most abundant of which were Rhopalosiphum padi L. and Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker). More than 35 species from noncereal hosts also were found. Overall, green peach aphid abundance was relatively low, ranging from 0.5-2.5% of the total aphid capture between years and among fields. In both years and all locations, cereal aphid abundance peaked in mid- to late July (cereal ripening stage) and decreased thereafter as cereal crops dried. PVY prevalence in the potato fields increased following these increases in aphid abundance. This study suggests that cereal aphids and other noncolonizing aphids are important contributors to PVY prevalence in potato in southern Idaho.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaonpius Mondal
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 (; ; )
- Current address: 334 Plant Science Bldg., Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-5904
| | - Erik J Wenninger
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Kimberly Research & Extension Center, University of Idaho, Kimberly, ID 83341-5082
| | - Pamela J S Hutchinson
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 (; ; )
| | - Monica A Weibe
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Aberdeen Research & Extension Center, University of Idaho, Aberdeen, ID 83210 (; ; )
| | - Sanford D Eigenbrode
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr., Moscow, ID 83844-2339 (; )
| | - Nilsa A Bosque-Pérez
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr., Moscow, ID 83844-2339 (; )
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Taylor RA, Mordecai EA, Gilligan CA, Rohr JR, Johnson LR. Mathematical models are a powerful method to understand and control the spread of Huanglongbing. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2642. [PMID: 27833809 PMCID: PMC5101597 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening, is a global citrus disease occurring in almost all citrus growing regions. It causes substantial economic burdens to individual growers, citrus industries and governments. Successful management strategies to reduce disease burden are desperately needed but with so many possible interventions and combinations thereof it is difficult to know which are worthwhile or cost-effective. We review how mathematical models have yielded useful insights into controlling disease spread for other vector-borne plant diseases, and the small number of mathematical models of HLB. We adapt a malaria model to HLB, by including temperature-dependent psyllid traits, "flushing" of trees, and economic costs, to show how models can be used to highlight the parameters that require more data collection or that should be targeted for intervention. We analyze the most common intervention strategy, insecticide spraying, to determine the most cost-effective spraying strategy. We find that fecundity and feeding rate of the vector require more experimental data collection, for wider temperatures ranges. Also, the best strategy for insecticide intervention is to spray for more days rather than pay extra for a more efficient spray. We conclude that mathematical models are able to provide useful recommendations for managing HLB spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Taylor
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida , United States
| | - Erin A Mordecai
- Department of Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, California , United States
| | | | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida , United States
| | - Leah R Johnson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States; Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Iqbal MS, Hafeez MN, Wattoo JI, Ali A, Sharif MN, Rashid B, Tabassum B, Nasir IA. Prediction of Host-Derived miRNAs with the Potential to Target PVY in Potato Plants. Front Genet 2016; 7:159. [PMID: 27683585 PMCID: PMC5022016 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato virus Y has emerged as a threatening problem in all potato growing areas around the globe. PVY reduces the yield and quality of potato cultivars. During the last 30 years, significant genetic changes in PVY strains have been observed with an increased incidence associated with crop damage. In the current study, computational approaches were applied to predict Potato derived miRNA targets in the PVY genome. The PVY genome is approximately 9 thousand nucleotides, which transcribes the following 6 genes:CI, NIa, NIb-Pro, HC-Pro, CP, and VPg. A total of 343 mature miRNAs were retrieved from the miRBase database and were examined for their target sequences in PVY genes using the minimum free energy (mfe), minimum folding energy, sequence complementarity and mRNA-miRNA hybridization approaches. The identified potato miRNAs against viral mRNA targets have antiviral activities, leading to translational inhibition by mRNA cleavage and/or mRNA blockage. We found 86 miRNAs targeting the PVY genome at 151 different sites. Moreover, only 36 miRNAs potentially targeted the PVY genome at 101 loci. The CI gene of the PVY genome was targeted by 32 miRNAs followed by the complementarity of 26, 19, 18, 16, and 13 miRNAs. Most importantly, we found 5 miRNAs (miR160a-5p, miR7997b, miR166c-3p, miR399h, and miR5303d) that could target the CI, NIa, NIb-Pro, HC-Pro, CP, and VPg genes of PVY. The predicted miRNAs can be used for the development of PVY-resistant potato crops in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Iqbal
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad N Hafeez
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javed I Wattoo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arfan Ali
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the PunjabLahore, Pakistan; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of LahoreLahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad N Sharif
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Rashid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Tabassum
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Idrees A Nasir
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mardani-Talaee M, Nouri-Ganblani G, Razmjou J, Hassanpour M, Naseri B, Asgharzadeh A. Effects of Chemical, Organic and Bio-Fertilizers on Some Secondary Metabolites in the Leaves of Bell Pepper ( Capsicum annuum ) and Their Impact on Life Table Parameters of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:1231-1240. [PMID: 27106230 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is a polyphagous and a holocyclic aphid that causes severe damage on hundreds of host plants in both fields and greenhouses. In this research, the effects of Zinc sulfate spray and amending the soil with 30% vermicompost, Bacillus subtilis , Pseudomonas fluorescens , Glomus intraradices , G. intraradices × B. subtilis , and G. intraradices × P. fluorescens compared with no fertilizer treatments were investigated on secondary metabolites in the leaves of bell pepper and life table parameters of M. persicae . Total phenol contents in the plant leaves varied significantly among different fertilizer treatments. The highest (72.28 mg/ml) value was observed on 30% vermicompost. Life table parameters of M. persicae were significantly affected by different fertilizer treatments. The net reproductive rate ( R 0 ) of M. persicae fed on plants treated with different fertilizer treatments varied from 4.38 to 21.93 female offspring, with the lowest and highest values on 30% vermicompost and Zinc sulfate, respectively. The lowest and the highest intrinsic rate of increase ( r m ) were also observed on 30% vermicompost and Zinc sulfate (0.111 and 0.321 female per female per day, respectively). The longest mean generation time ( T ) was recorded on 30% vermicompost (13.41 d), and the shortest generation time was observed on Zinc sulfate (9.61 d). Results of this study revealed that amending the soil with 30% vermicompost significantly affected the life table parameters of M. persicae . Thus, it was concluded that amending the soil of bell pepper with 30% vermicompost can provide an environmentally safe and efficient control of this aphid.
Collapse
|
13
|
MacKenzie TDB, Fageria MS, Nie X, Singh M. Effects of Crop Management Practices on Current-Season Spread of Potato virus Y. PLANT DISEASE 2014; 98:213-222. [PMID: 30708764 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-13-0403-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current-season spread of Potato virus Y (PVY) was monitored in 19 fields under various management practices in New Brunswick, Canada, through the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. The focus of this study was to evaluate the role of seedborne PVY inoculum, aphid vector abundance, and the numbers, timing, and types of insecticide and mineral oil sprays, and to confirm the reliability and forecasting capacity of midseason PVY testing. In each field, 100 to 110 virus-free plants were identified shortly after emergence and were assessed four times from early July to early September (after top-kill) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to track PVY spread. In addition, tubers harvested during development in August and after top-kill were grown-out in the greenhouse for ELISA testing. PVY spread to selected virus-free plants varied widely, ranging from 0 to 76.2% across all studied fields. Of the 19 fields over two seasons, 10 fields were planted with no detectable seedborne PVY, and they showed 0 to 8.7% (mean 2.9%) PVY spread by harvest. The remaining nine study fields with 0.9 to 5.8% seedborne PVY showed 1 to 76.2% (mean 15.2%) PVY spread by harvest. PVY spread was detected in most fields during midseason testing with ELISA and RT-PCR; all tests correlated well with final PVY rates after top-kill, though RT-PCR detection in developing tubers was most sensitive and correlated. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify major factors in PVY spread, including seedborne PVY, early-season aphid abundance, and the numbers of insecticide and mineral oil sprays. The best-fitting model, constructed using these factors as well as a measurement of July PVY incidence (ELISAJuly), strongly explained PVY spread by harvest, with the most significant management factor being the number of mineral oil sprays supplemented with insecticide used during the growing season. A similar model fitted without the ELISAJuly did not adequately predict ultimate PVY spread. The analysis suggests that mineral oil alone was effective at lowering PVY spread, and more effective when combined with insecticide, particularly when used early in the season. No evidence was found for differences in PVY spread across the eight cultivars used or across the range of mineral oil application rates, whereas some evidence was found for differences in the effectiveness of different insecticide types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manphool S Fageria
- Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4Z7 Canada
| | - Xianzhou Nie
- Potato Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4Z7 Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Crops that feed the world 8: Potato: are the trends of increased global production sustainable? Food Secur 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-012-0220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Almasi MA, Moradi A, Nasiri J, Karami S, Nasiri M. Assessment of Performance Ability of Three Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) Using Different Visualizing Systems. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:770-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
16
|
Vandermoten S, Mescher MC, Francis F, Haubruge E, Verheggen FJ. Aphid alarm pheromone: an overview of current knowledge on biosynthesis and functions. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 42:155-63. [PMID: 22178597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are important agricultural and forest pests that exhibit complex behaviors elicited by pheromonal signals. The aphid alarm pheromone--of which (E)-β-farnesene is the key (or only) component in most species--plays important roles in mediating interactions among individuals as well as multitrophic interactions among plants, aphids, and aphid natural enemies. Though many important questions remain to be answered, a large body of research has addressed various aspects of the biology, physiology, and ecology of aphid alarm pheromones. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of (a) the identity and composition of aphid alarm signals; (b) their biosynthesis and production; (c) their effects on conspecifics; (d) their role as cues for other insect species; and (e) their potential application for the management of pest organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vandermoten
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kogovšek P, Kladnik A, Mlakar J, Znidarič MT, Dermastia M, Ravnikar M, Pompe-Novak M. Distribution of Potato virus Y in potato plant organs, tissues, and cells. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2011; 101:1292-300. [PMID: 21692643 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-11-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of Potato virus Y (PVY) in the systemically infected potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants of the highly susceptible cultivar Igor was investigated. Virus presence and accumulation was analyzed in different plant organs and tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) negative staining methods. To get a complete insight into the location of viral RNA within the tissue, in situ hybridization was developed and optimized for the detection of PVY RNA at the cellular level. PVY was shown to accumulate in all studied leaf and stem tissues, in shoot tips, roots, and tubers; however, the level of virus accumulation was specific for each organ or tissue. The highest amounts of viral RNA and viral particles were found in symptomatic leaves and stem. By observing cell ultrastructure with TEM, viral cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were localized in close vicinity to the epidermis and in trichomes. Our results show that viral RNA, viral particles, and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies colocalize within the same type of cells or in close vicinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kogovšek
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gray S, De Boer S, Lorenzen J, Karasev A, Whitworth J, Nolte P, Singh R, Boucher A, Xu H. Potato virus Y: An Evolving Concern for Potato Crops in the United States and Canada. PLANT DISEASE 2010; 94:1384-1397. [PMID: 30743397 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-10-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huimin Xu
- CFIA, Charlottetown Laboratory, Charlottetown, PE
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mahmoud SY, Hosseny MH, Abdel-Ghaf MH. Evaluation of Some Therapies to Eliminate Potato Y Potyvirus from Potato Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ijv.2009.64.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
20
|
Pedersen P, Grau C, Cullen E, Koval N, Hill JH. Potential for Integrated Management of Soybean Virus Disease. PLANT DISEASE 2007; 91:1255-1259. [PMID: 30780527 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-91-10-1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent introduction of the colonizing soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) to soybean in the northern United States has raised concern for potential increased disease caused by the nonpersistently aphid-transmitted Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). This study was conducted to examine the potential integration of host plant resistance and insecticide tactics for control of virus disease. Research from four location-years demonstrated that foliar application of the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) or the organophosphate chlorpyrifos (Lorsban 4E) timed to suppress soybean aphid populations does not reduce SMV. Therefore, the introduction of a colonizing aphid to the array of migratory noncolonizing aphids that transmit SMV does not result in potential for disease control through vector suppression by foliar insecticides. Treatment also did not result in management of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), transmitted by the bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata), presumably because of issues related to different phenologies of the insect vectors. Soybean cultivars with the lowest virus titer in seed produced the highest grain yield and, thus, were rated as field tolerant compared with cultivars with the highest virus titer in seed. Host plant resistance, not vector control, is the most effective tactic to control SMV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palle Pedersen
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | | | - Nancy Koval
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - John H Hill
- Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cowgill SE, Danks C, Atkinson HJ. Multitrophic interactions involving genetically modified potatoes, nontarget aphids, natural enemies and hyperparasitoids. Mol Ecol 2004; 13:639-47. [PMID: 14871367 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2004.02078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) potatoes expressing a cysteine proteinase inhibitor (cystatin) have been developed as an option for the management of plant parasitic nematodes. The relative impact of such plants on predators and parasitoids (natural enemies) of nontarget insects was determined in a field trial. The trial consisted of GM plants, control plants grown in soil treated with a nematicide and untreated control plants. The quantity of nontarget aphids and their quality as hosts for natural enemies were studied. Aphid density was significantly reduced by nematicide treatment and few natural enemies were recorded from treated potatoes during the study. In contrast, similar numbers of aphids and their more abundant predators were recorded from the untreated control and the GM potatoes. The size of aphids on GM and control plants was recorded twice during the study. During the first sampling period (2-9 July) aphids clip-caged on GM plants were smaller than those on control plants. During the second sampling period (23-30 July) there was no difference in aphid size between those from the GM and control plants. Host size is an important component of host quality. It can affect the size and fecundity of parasitoid females and the sex ratio of their offspring. However, neither the fitness of females of Aphidius ervi, the most prevalent primary parasitoid, nor the sex ratio of their progeny, were affected when the parasitoids developed on aphids feeding on GM plants. Two guilds of secondary parasitoid were also recorded during the study. The fitness of the most abundant species, Aspahes vulgaris, was not affected when it developed on hosts from GM plants. The transgene product, OC I Delta D86, was not detected in aphids that had fed on GM plants in the field, suggesting that there is minimal secondary exposure of natural enemies to the inhibitor. The results indicate that transgenic nematode resistance is potentially more compatible with aphid biological control than is current nematicide use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Cowgill
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|