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Lamichhane J, Upreti M, Nepal K, Upadhyay BP, Maharjan U, Shrestha RK, Chapagain RH, Banjara MR, Shrestha UT. Burden of human metapneumovirus infections among children with acute respiratory tract infections attending a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:388. [PMID: 37550689 PMCID: PMC10405573 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the most common causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Every year millions of children suffer from viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs) ranging from mild to severe illnesses. Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is among the most frequent viruses responsible for RTIs. However, HMPV infections and their severity among children have not been explored yet in Nepal. PURPOSE Therefore, the study was focused on HMPV infections and other potential viral etiologies or co-infections using multiplex PCR among children attending Kanti Children's Hospital and assessed the clinical characteristics of the infections as well as found the co-infections. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was designed and a convenience sampling method was used to enroll children of less than 15 years with flu-like symptoms from both outpatients and inpatients departments over three months of the study period. RESULTS HMPV infection (13.3%) was the most predominant infection among the different viral infections in children with ARIs in Kanti Children's Hospital. The HMPV was more prevalent in the age group less than three years (21.8%). Cough and fever were the most common clinical features present in all children infected with HMPV followed by rhinorrhea, sore throat, and wheezing. HMPV-positive children were diagnosed with pneumonia (42.9%), bronchiolitis (28.5%), upper respiratory tract infections (14.3%), and asthma (14.3%). The prevalence of HMPV was high in late winter (14.3%) followed by early spring (13.5%). CONCLUSIONS This study provides the baseline information on HMPV and associated co-infection with other respiratory viruses for the differential diagnosis based on molecular methods and also the comparison of clinical presentations among the different respiratory syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Lamichhane
- GoldenGate International College, Battisputali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Milan Upreti
- GoldenGate International College, Battisputali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Krishus Nepal
- GoldenGate International College, Battisputali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Urusha Maharjan
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory & Research Center, Kamalpokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | - Megha Raj Banjara
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Hindupur A, Menon T, Dhandapani P. Molecular investigation of human metapneumovirus in children with acute respiratory infections in Chennai, South India, from 2016-2018. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:655-661. [PMID: 35118597 PMCID: PMC9151977 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has emerged as a frequent cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among young children. The prevalence and genetic diversity of hMPV circulating in Chennai, Southern India, has not been studied yet. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence, co-infection with other respiratory viruses like HRSV A and B, influenza A and B, hRV and HPIV 1-4 viruses, socio-demographic associations, and genotypes of hMPV among children in Chennai. A total of 350 nasal swab specimens were collected from children with ARI during April 2016 to August 2018 and tested for hMPV by real time PCR method. In this study, hMPV was detected in 4% (14/350) of the samples. One hMPV positive sample was found to be co-infected with influenza B virus. The mean and median ages of the children with hMPV infection were 61.5 months (5.1 years) and 83 months (6.9 years), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial F gene revealed the presence of A2c subcluster among the study strains as well as with B1 and B2 lineages. The prevalence data obtained in this study is important in evaluating the role of hMPV in childhood ARI and emphasizes the importance of routine viral diagnosis in hospitals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the prevalence, seasonality, and genetic diversity of hMPV in Chennai as well as the first study to report A2c subcluster of hMPV among children in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Hindupur
- grid.413015.20000 0004 0505 215XDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Thangam Menon
- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Prabu Dhandapani
- grid.413015.20000 0004 0505 215XDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
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POCT Detection of 14 Respiratory Viruses Using Multiplex RT-PCR. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021; 15:371-380. [PMID: 34745431 PMCID: PMC8564276 DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 6 years, acute respiratory infections have constituted an average of more than 70,000 cases in South Korea. It results in a high mortality rate in infants and the elderly with weak immunity. There are several types of respiratory viruses that invade the human respiratory tract and cause infectious disease. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is mainly used for respiratory virus detection owing to its high sensitivity and reproducibility. In response, a multiplex real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay was developed for the detection of influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza viruses 1–4 (PIV1-4), human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, human rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2. Detection ability of RT-PCR assay was confirmed by applying it to a portable device capable of point-of-care testing (POCT). Amplicons were synthesized using primer pairs and probe sets designed for each target virus, and a standard curve was constructed to confirm the limit of detection. An experiment using nasopharyngeal swab samples was conducted to understand the field applicability of the rRT-PCR assay. Detection was confirmed in most samples. This study demonstrated that rapid and accurate detection results can be obtained using the multiplex rRT-PCR based POC test, and that it is possible to detect 14 types of respiratory viruses that are generally difficult to distinguish at the same time, enabling timely treatment. Furthermore, we expect that the portable PCR device can significantly reduce the processing procedure of clinical samples before testing, which is the main disadvantage of common RT-PCR tests and can help reduce costs.
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Qian W, Huang J, Wang T, He X, Xu G, Li Y. Visual detection of human metapneumovirus using CRISPR-Cas12a diagnostics. Virus Res 2021; 305:198568. [PMID: 34555442 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HmPV) is a common and serious virus that causes respiratory tract infection. This study aimed to develop a detection technique by combining reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) with CRISPR-Cas12a (RT-RPA-Cas12a) for clinical diagnosis of HmPV. Herein, four primer pairs targeting partial nucleoprotein (N) gene of HmPV were designed and evaluated. Then, the products amplified by RT-RPA were detected using CRISPR-Cas12a combined with fluorescence or lateral flow (LF). RT-RPA-Cas12a-based fluorescence or LF assay can be completed within 35 min or 45 min, and the detection limit was up to 6.97 × 102 copies/mL. And there was no cross reaction with human bocavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and parainfluenza virus. By combining with LF, the detection results were evaluated by naked eyes. Furthermore, 28 clinical samples were applied to examine the performance of RT-RPA-Cas12a system. The detection coincidence rates of RT-RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence and RT-RPA-Cas12a-LF with quantitative RT-PCR were 96.4% and 92.9%, respectively. Together, the new method for detecting HmPV with high sensitivity and specificity based on RT-RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence or LF shows promising potential for clinical diagnosis of HmPV without professional skills or ancillary equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China.
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Xiaoxian He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Guozhang Xu
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, PR China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, PR China.
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Kenmoe S, Vernet MA, Penlap Beng V, Vabret A, Njouom R. Phylogenetic variability of Human Metapneumovirus in patients with acute respiratory infections in Cameroon, 2011–2014. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:606-612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Uche IK, Guerrero-Plata A. Interferon-Mediated Response to Human Metapneumovirus Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090505. [PMID: 30231515 PMCID: PMC6163993 DOI: 10.3390/v10090505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is one of the leading causes of respiratory diseases in infants and children worldwide. Although this pathogen infects mainly young children, elderly and immunocompromised people can be also seriously affected. To date, there is no commercial vaccine available against it. Upon HMPV infection, the host innate arm of defense produces interferons (IFNs), which are critical for limiting HMPV replication. In this review, we offer an updated landscape of the HMPV mediated-IFN response in different models as well as some of the defense tactics employed by the virus to circumvent IFN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi K Uche
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Antonieta Guerrero-Plata
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
- Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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7
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Diaz-Dinamarca DA, Ibañez FJ, Soto DA, Soto JA, Cespedes PF, Muena NA, Garate DS, Kalergis AM, Vasquez AE. Immunization with a Mixture of Nucleoprotein from Human Metapneumovirus and AbISCO-100 Adjuvant Reduces Viral Infection in Mice Model. Viral Immunol 2018; 31:306-314. [PMID: 29373084 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is the second leading cause globally of acute infection of the respiratory tract in children, infecting the upper and lower airways. The hMPV may induce an inappropriate Th2-type immune response, which causes severe pulmonary inflammation, leading to the obstruction of airways. Despite its severe epidemiological relevance, no vaccines are currently available for the prevention of hMPV-induced illness. In this investigation, we demonstrated that immunization of mice with the recombinant hMPV nucleoprotein (hMPV-N) mixed with the AbISCO-100 adjuvant reduced viral replication in lungs following challenge with the virus. We found that immunized mice had reduced weight loss, decreased granulocytes in the lung, an increased level of specific nucleoprotein antibodies of IgG1 and IgG2a-isotypes, and a local profile of Th1/Th17-type cytokines. Our results suggest that immunization with the hMPV-N and the AbISCO-100 adjuvant induces a reduction of viral infection and could be considered for the development of an hMPV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Diaz-Dinamarca
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile .,2 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Ibañez
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile .,2 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel A Soto
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A Soto
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile .,2 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Cespedes
- 2 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás A Muena
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego S Garate
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- 2 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile .,3 Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Endocrinología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Abel E Vasquez
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile .,4 Universidad San Sebastián , Facultad de Ciencia, Escuela de Bioquímica, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Sato K, Watanabe O, Ohmiya S, Chiba F, Suzuki A, Okamoto M, Younghuang J, Hata A, Nonaka H, Kitaoka S, Nagai Y, Kawamura K, Hayashi M, Kumaki S, Suzuki T, Kawakami K, Nishimura H. Efficient isolation of human metapneumovirus using MNT-1, a human malignant melanoma cell line with early and distinct cytopathic effects. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:497-506. [PMID: 28940687 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Isolation of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) from clinical specimens is currently inefficient because of the lack of a cell culture system in which a distinct cytopathic effect (CPE) occurs. The cell lines LLC-MK2, Vero and Vero E6 are used for isolation of HMPV; however, the CPE in these cell lines is subtle and usually requires a long observation period and sometimes blind passages. Thus, a cell line in which an early and distinct CPE occurs following HMPV inoculation is highly desired by clinical virology laboratories. In this study, it was demonstrated that, in the human malignant melanoma cell line MNT-1, obvious syncytium formation occurs shortly after inoculation with HMPV-positive clinical specimens. In addition, the growth and efficiency of isolation of HMPV were greater using MNT-1 than using any other conventional cell line. Addition of this cell line to our routine viral isolation system for clinical specimens markedly enhanced isolation frequency, allowing isolation-based surveillance. MNT-1 has the potential to facilitate clinical and epidemiological studies of HMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Sato
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Oshi Watanabe
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
| | - Suguru Ohmiya
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
| | - Fumiko Chiba
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
| | - Michiko Okamoto
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
| | - Jiang Younghuang
- Tauns Laboratories, 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hata
- Tauns Laboratories, 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nonaka
- Tauns Laboratories, 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan
| | - Setsuko Kitaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8520, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagai
- Nagai Pediatric Clinic, 1-25-10 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, 983-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Kawamura
- Kawamura Children's Clinic, 1-16-1 Takamatsu, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-0907, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Satoru Kumaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8520, Japan
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, 2-8-8 Miyagino, Miyagino-ku, Japan
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9
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Russell CJ, Jones BG, Sealy RE, Surman SL, Mason JN, Hayden RT, Tripp RA, Takimoto T, Hurwitz JL. A Sendai virus recombinant vaccine expressing a gene for truncated human metapneumovirus (hMPV) fusion protein protects cotton rats from hMPV challenge. Virology 2017; 509:60-66. [PMID: 28605636 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections pose a serious health risk to young children, particularly in cases of premature birth. No licensed vaccine exists and there is no standard treatment for hMPV infections apart from supportive hospital care. We describe the production of a Sendai virus (SeV) recombinant that carries a gene for a truncated hMPV fusion (F) protein (SeV-MPV-Ft). The vaccine induces binding and neutralizing antibody responses toward hMPV and protection against challenge with hMPV in a cotton rat system. Results encourage advanced development of SeV-MPV-Ft to prevent the morbidity and mortality caused by hMPV infections in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Russell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bart G Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Robert E Sealy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sherri L Surman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - John N Mason
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Randall T Hayden
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, USA
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Julia L Hurwitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Globally, as a leading agent of acute respiratory tract infections in children <5 years of age and the elderly, the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has gained considerable attention. As inferred from studies comparing vaccinated and experimentally infected mice, the acquired immune response elicited by this pathogen fails to efficiently clear the virus from the airways, which leads to an exaggerated inflammatory response and lung damage. Furthermore, after disease resolution, there is a poor development of T and B cell immunological memory, which is believed to promote reinfections and viral spread in the community. In this article, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that shape the interactions of HMPV with host tissues that lead to pulmonary pathology and to the development of adaptive immunity that fails to protect against natural infections by this virus.
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11
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Foster MW, Gerhardt G, Robitaille L, Plante PL, Boivin G, Corbeil J, Moseley MA. Targeted Proteomics of Human Metapneumovirus in Clinical Samples and Viral Cultures. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10247-54. [PMID: 26376123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The rapid, sensitive, and specific identification of infectious pathogens from clinical isolates is a critical need in the hospital setting. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely adopted for identification of bacterial pathogens, although polymerase chain reaction remains the mainstay for the identification of viral pathogens. Here, we explored the capability of MS for the detection of human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a common cause of respiratory tract infections in children. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) sequencing of a single HMPV reference strain (CAN97-83) was used to develop a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assay that employed stable isotope-labeled peptide internal standards for quantitation of HMPV. Using this assay, we confirmed the presence of HMPV in viral cultures from 10 infected patients and further assigned genetic lineage based on the presence/absence of variant peptides belonging to the viral matrix and nucleoproteins. Similar results were achieved for primary clinical samples (nasopharyngeal aspirates) from the same individuals. As validation, virus lineages, and variant coding sequences, were confirmed by next-generation sequencing of viral RNA obtained from the culture samples. Finally, separate dilution series of HMPV A and B lineages were used to further refine and assess the robustness of the assay and to determine limits of detection in nasopharyngeal aspirates. Our results demonstrate the applicability of MRM for identification of HMPV, and assignment of genetic lineage, from both viral cultures and clinical samples. More generally, this approach should prove tractable as an alternative to nucleic-acid based sequencing for the multiplexed identification of respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoff Gerhardt
- Waters Corporation , Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Lynda Robitaille
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval , Québec City, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Pier-Luc Plante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval , Québec City, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Guy Boivin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval , Québec City, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jacques Corbeil
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval , Québec City, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
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12
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Lay MK, Céspedes PF, Palavecino CE, León MA, Díaz RA, Salazar FJ, Méndez GP, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Human metapneumovirus infection activates the TSLP pathway that drives excessive pulmonary inflammation and viral replication in mice. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1680-95. [PMID: 25763996 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children and the elderly. The mechanism by which this virus triggers an inflammatory response still remains unknown. Here, we evaluated whether the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) pathway contributes to lung inflammation upon hMPV infection. We found that hMPV infection promotes TSLP expression both in human airway epithelial cells and in the mouse lung. hMPV infection induced lung infiltration of OX40L(+) CD11b(+) DCs. Mice lacking the TSLP receptor deficient mice (tslpr(-/-) ) showed reduced lung inflammation and hMPV replication. These mice displayed a decreased number of neutrophils as well a reduction in levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17, IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α in the airways upon hMPV infection. Furthermore, a higher frequency of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was found in tslpr(-/-) mice compared to WT mice, which could contribute to controlling viral spread. Depletion of neutrophils in WT and tslpr(-/-) mice decreased inflammation and hMPV replication. Remarkably, blockage of TSLP or OX40L with specific Abs reduced lung inflammation and viral replication following hMPV challenge in mice. Altogether, these results suggest that activation of the TSLP pathway is pivotal in the development of pulmonary pathology and pulmonary hMPV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita K Lay
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Céspedes
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian E Palavecino
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel A León
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Díaz
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Salazar
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo P Méndez
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,INSERM U1064, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,INSERM U1064, Nantes, France.,Departamento de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus detected in hospitalized patients in Kuwait during the years 2009-2011. J Infect Public Health 2015; 8:448-57. [PMID: 25773766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important cause of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in all age groups. Children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are the most affected groups. HMPV infection accounts for 5% of hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections in Kuwait. It is mostly detected among infants and elderly age groups, and both hMPV genotypes A and B circulate in Kuwait. METHODS In this study, the genetic diversity of detected hMPV was evaluated, and a phylogenetic analysis based on partial nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the G gene was performed for hMPV detected among hospitalized patients with RTIs. RESULTS Our results showed that 62% of hMPV sequences belonged to the A genotype and 38% to the B genotype. A2b and B2 subtypes were detected and circulated during the study period, whereas A1 and B1 subtypes were not detected. Based on nucleotide sequences of the G gene, most of hMPV strains (57%) were clustered with Indian strains, followed by Greek strains (24%) and Canadian strains (14%). One strain (5%) clustered within the B genotype but had different branches than B1 and B2 branches. CONCLUSION Our data showed the co-circulation of hMPV genotypes A2b and B2 in Kuwait with genetic diversity suggestive of evolution through negative selection.
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Serologic cross-reactions between nucleocapsid proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:1609-15. [PMID: 25740767 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03649-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) share virologic and epidemiologic features and cause clinically similar respiratory illness predominantly in young children. In a previous study of acute febrile respiratory illness in Bangladesh, we tested paired serum specimens from 852 children presenting fever and cough for diagnostic increases in titers of antibody to hRSV and hMPV by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Unexpectedly, of 93 serum pairs that showed a ≥ 4-fold increase in titers of antibody to hRSV, 24 (25.8%) showed a concurrent increase in titers of antibody to hMPV; of 91 pairs showing an increase to hMPV, 13 (14.3%) showed a concurrent increase to hRSV. We speculated that common antigens shared by these viruses explain this finding. Since the nucleocapsid (N) proteins of these viruses show the greatest sequence homology, we tested hyperimmune antisera prepared for each virus against baculovirus-expressed recombinant N (recN) proteins for potential cross-reactivity. The antisera were reciprocally reactive with both proteins. To localize common antigenic regions, we first expressed the carboxy domain of the hMPV N protein that was the most highly conserved region within the hRSV N protein. Although reciprocally reactive with antisera by Western blotting, this truncated protein did not react with hMPV IgG-positive human sera by EIA. Using 5 synthetic peptides that spanned the amino-terminal portion of the hMPV N protein, we identified a single peptide that was cross-reactive with human sera positive for either virus. Antiserum prepared for this peptide was reactive with recN proteins of both viruses, indicating that a common immunoreactive site exists in this region.
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Reiche J, Jacobsen S, Neubauer K, Hafemann S, Nitsche A, Milde J, Wolff T, Schweiger B. Human metapneumovirus: insights from a ten-year molecular and epidemiological analysis in Germany. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88342. [PMID: 24505479 PMCID: PMC3914980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a cause of respiratory tract illness at all ages. In this study the epidemiological and molecular diversity among patients of different ages was investigated. Between 2000-2001 and 2009-2010, HMPV was detected in 3% (138/4,549) of samples from outpatients with influenza-like illness with a new, sensitive real-time RT-PCR assay. Several hundred (797) clinical specimens from hospitalized children below the age of 4 years with acute respiratory illness were investigated and HMPV was detected in 11.9% of them. Investigation of outpatients revealed that HMPV infections occurred in individuals of all ages but were most prevalent in children (0-4 years) and the elderly (>60 years). The most present clinical features of HMPV infections were cough, bronchitis, fever/shivers and pneumonia. About two thirds of HMPV-positive samples were detected in February and March throughout the study period. Molecular characterization of HMPV revealed a complex cyclic pattern of group dominance where HMPV subgroup A and B viruses predominated in general for three consecutive seasons. German HMPV represented all genetic lineages including A1, A2, B1, B2, sub-clusters A2a and A2b. For Germany, not only time-dependent circulation of lineages and sub-clusters was observed but also co-circulation of two or three predominant lineages. Two newly emerging amino acid substitutions (positions 223 and 280) of lineage B2 were detected in seven German HMPV sequences. Our study gives new insights into the molecular epidemiology of HMPV in in- and outpatients over a time period of 10 years for the first time. It is one of only few long-term surveillance studies in Europe, and allows comparative molecular analyses of HMPV circulating worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Reiche
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Jacobsen
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Neubauer
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susi Hafemann
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeanette Milde
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brunhilde Schweiger
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is 1 of the commonest causes of viral ARI especially among pediatric patients. Its incidence varies from year to year in countries belonging to moderate climate zone. The aim of this study was to investigate epidemiologic characteristics of HMPV infections in Croatia. METHODS During a 4-year period (January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2012), nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from 2610 children <10 years who were admitted to hospitals with acute respiratory infections. Direct immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the virus from clinical samples. Demographics and clinical data were also analyzed. RESULTS HMPV was detected in 8.4% of patients. While many of HMPV-infected children were 13-24 months of age (30.9% of all proven HMPV infections), the highest incidence of HMPV infection was recorded in 2- to 5-year-old children (11.4% of all children in this age group). HMPV caused 7.1% of upper respiratory tract infections and 11.7% of lower respiratory tract infections. Annual prevalence rates of HMPV infection varied significantly from year to year (P < 0.001). Peak incidence was detected in spring or winter months, depending on the year. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that HMPV infections in Croatia show a biennial outbreak pattern characterized by alternation of winter and spring activity. HMPV outbreaks alternate with respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks.
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Molecular analysis of human metapneumovirus detected in patients with lower respiratory tract infection in upper egypt. Int J Microbiol 2014; 2014:290793. [PMID: 24669221 PMCID: PMC3941176 DOI: 10.1155/2014/290793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Since 2001, when Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was isolated in the Netherlands, the virus has been detected in several continents. Although reports have confirmed the prevalence of HMPV worldwide, data from Egypt remain limited. HMPV plays an important role in respiratory tract infections in individuals of all ages particularly in children. This study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of HMPV in patients with community-acquired lower respiratory infection in Upper Egypt and characterizing the circulating Egyptian HMPV strains for the first time. Materials and Methods. From 2005 to 2008, respiratory samples from 520 patients were analyzed for the presence of HMPV by real-time RT-PCR. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses were performed on partial fusion gene sequences of HMPV-positive patients. Results. HMPV-positive patients were detected in 2007-2008. The overall infection rate was 4%, while 57% of the patients were children. Sequence analysis demonstrated circulation of subgroup B viruses with predominance of lineage B2. Nucleotide sequence identity within lineage B1 was 98.8%–99.7% and higher than that in lineage B2 (94.3%–100%). Three new amino acid substitutions (T223N, R229K, and D280N) of lineage B2 were observed. Conclusion. HMPV is a major viral pathogen in the Egyptian population especially in children. During 2007-2008, predominantly HMPV B2 circulated in Upper Egypt.
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Palavecino CE, Céspedes PF, Gómez RS, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. Immunization with a recombinant bacillus Calmette-Guerin strain confers protective Th1 immunity against the human metapneumovirus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:214-23. [PMID: 24319265 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Along with the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), the human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the leading causes of childhood hospitalization and a major health burden worldwide. Unfortunately, owing to an inefficient immunological memory, hMPV infection provides limited immune protection against reinfection. Furthermore, hMPV can induce an inadequate Th2 type immune response that causes severe lung inflammation, leading to airway obstruction. Similar to hRSV, it is likely that an effective clearance of hMPV would require a balanced Th1 type immunity by the host, involving the activation of IFN-γ-secreting T cells. A recognized inducer of Th1 immunity is Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), which has been used in newborns for many decades and in several countries as a tuberculosis vaccine. We have previously shown that immunization with BCG strains expressing hRSV Ags can induce an efficient immune response that protects against this virus. In this study, we show that immunization with rBCG strains expressing the phosphoprotein from hMPV also can induce protective Th1 immunity. Mice immunized with rBCG were protected against weight loss, airway inflammation, and viral replication in the lungs after hMPV infection. Our rBCG vaccine also induced the activation of hMPV-specific T cells producing IFN-γ and IL-2, which could protect from hMPV infection when transferred to recipient mice. These data strongly support the notion that rBCG induces protective Th1 immunity and could be considered as an efficient vaccine against hMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Palavecino
- Instituto Milenio en Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile
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Song Q, Zhu R, Sun Y, Zhao L, Wang F, Deng J, Qian Y. Identification of human metapneumovirus genotypes A and B from clinical specimens by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. J Virol Methods 2013; 196:133-8. [PMID: 24269205 PMCID: PMC7172807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has been recognized as an important pathogen for acute respiratory infections in children worldwide and classified into genotypes A and B. Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay is a rapid diagnostic method for detecting nucleic acids with a single step under isothermal conditions in less than 1h. RT-LAMP targeting the M gene of hMPV was developed for detecting and identifying hMPV genotypes A and B. The detection limit of the genotype-specific hMPV RT-LAMP assay was 10 times greater than that of conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). No cross-reactivity was found with respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus 1-3, adenovirus, human bocavirus, human rhinovirus, influenza virus A and B, human coronaviruses and enteroviruses. One hundred and fifteen clinical specimens were detected for hMPV genotypes A and B with RT-LAMP, RT-PCR and real-time SYBR PCR. Kappa coefficients showed that there was a good agreement among these three methods. Compared with RT-PCR and real-time SYBR PCR, the genotype-specific RT-LAMP showed better specificity, sensitivity and is more convenient to perform with reduced turn-around time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwei Song
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Runan Zhu
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Linqing Zhao
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Jie Deng
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Yuan Qian
- Laboratory of Virology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
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Tedcastle A, Fenwick F, Robinson M, Toms G. Immunogenicity in mice of human metapneumovirus with a truncated SH glycoprotein. J Med Virol 2013; 86:547-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.B. Tedcastle
- The Institute of Cellular Medicine; The University of Newcastle upon Tyne; Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - F. Fenwick
- The Institute of Cellular Medicine; The University of Newcastle upon Tyne; Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - M.J. Robinson
- The Institute of Cellular Medicine; The University of Newcastle upon Tyne; Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - G.L. Toms
- The Institute of Cellular Medicine; The University of Newcastle upon Tyne; Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
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Li H, Wei Q, Tan A, Wang L. Epidemiological analysis of respiratory viral etiology for influenza-like illness during 2010 in Zhuhai, China. Virol J 2013; 10:143. [PMID: 23651577 PMCID: PMC3655035 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza-like illnesses (ILI), a subset of acute respiratory infections (ARI), are a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. ILI can be caused by numerous pathogens, however; there is limited information on the etiology and epidemiology of ILI in China. METHODS We performed a one-year surveillance study (2010) of viral etiology causing ILI and investigated the influence of climate on outbreaks of ILI attributed to viruses at the Outpatient Department of Zhuhai Municipal People's Hospital in Zhuhai, China. RESULTS Of the 337,272 outpatients who sought attention in the Outpatient Department of Zhuhai Municipal People's Hospital in 2010, 3,747 (1.11%) presented with ILI. Of these patients presenting with ILI, 24.66% (924/3,747) had available samples and were enrolled in this study. At least one respiratory virus was identified in 411 patients (44.48%) and 42 (4.55%) were co-infected with two viruses. In patients co-infected with two viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was detected in 50% (21/42). Among common viral pathogens detected, significant differences in age distributions were observed in seasonal influenza virus A (sFulA, H3N2) and B (sFluB), pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza viruses (H1N1pdm09), RSV, and adenovirus (ADV). Infections with sFluA (H3N2), sFluB, RSV, and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) had characteristic seasonal patterns. The incidences of sFluA (H3N2), ADV, and RSV correlated with air temperature. Alternatively, the incidence of sFluB correlated with relative air humidity. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that a wide range of respiratory viral pathogens are circulating in Zhuhai city. This information needs to be considered by clinicians when treating patients presenting with ILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Microbiology Laboratory, Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Quande Wei
- Microbiology Laboratory, Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Aijun Tan
- Microbiology Laboratory, Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Province, 519000, China
| | - Leyi Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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Kolli D, Bao X, Casola A. Human metapneumovirus antagonism of innate immune responses. Viruses 2012; 4:3551-71. [PMID: 23223197 PMCID: PMC3528279 DOI: 10.3390/v4123551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently identified RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, which includes several major human and animal pathogens. Epidemiological studies indicate that hMPV is a significant human respiratory pathogen with worldwide distribution. It is associated with respiratory illnesses in children, adults, and immunocompromised patients, ranging from upper respiratory tract infections to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Interferon (IFN) represents a major line of defense against virus infection, and in response, viruses have evolved countermeasures to inhibit IFN production as well as IFN signaling. Although the strategies of IFN evasion are similar, the specific mechanisms by which paramyxoviruses inhibit IFN responses are quite diverse. In this review, we will present an overview of the strategies that hMPV uses to subvert cellular signaling in airway epithelial cells, the major target of infection, as well as in primary immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Kolli
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA; E-Mail: (D.K.); (X.B.)
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA; E-Mail: (D.K.); (X.B.)
| | - Antonella Casola
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA; E-Mail: (D.K.); (X.B.)
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas, USA
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Lu G, Li J, Xie Z, Liu C, Guo L, Vernet G, Shen K, Wang J. Human metapneumovirus associated with community-acquired pneumonia in children in Beijing, China. J Med Virol 2012; 85:138-43. [PMID: 23097275 PMCID: PMC7166590 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Community‐acquired pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. However, few studies have been conducted on the infection of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) associated with pediatric community‐acquired pneumonia in China. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected between July 2008 and June 2010 from 1,028 children, aged ≤16.5 years, who were diagnosed with community‐acquired pneumonia in Beijing, China. Reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to screen the samples for hMPV and common respiratory viruses. hMPV was detected in 6.3% of the patients with community‐acquired pneumonia. This detection rate is the third highest for a respiratory virus in children with community‐acquired pneumonia, after that of rhinovirus (30.9%) and respiratory syncytial virus (30.7%). The detection rate of hMPV in 2008/2009 (42/540, 7.8%) was significantly higher than in 2009/2010 (23/488, 4.7%; χ2 = 4.065, P = 0.044). The hMPV subtypes A2, B1, and B2 were found to co‐circulate, with A2 being most prevalent. These results indicate that hMPV plays a substantial role in pediatric community‐acquired pneumonia in China. Overall, these findings provide a better understanding of the epidemiological and clinical features of hMPV infections. J. Med. Virol. 85:138–143, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Lu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Pathogen Biology and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Detection and genetic diversity of human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Southwest China. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:2714-9. [PMID: 22692746 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00809-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is the main pathogen causing respiratory tract infection in susceptible populations, particularly in children and the elderly. Specimens were collected from hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI), and the hMPV was detected by using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The full-length G gene of hMPV was amplified by RT-PCR. A total of 1,410 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected from April 2008 to March 2011, and 114 (10.2%) were positive for hMPV. Most hMPV-positive children were <5 years of age. The hMPV infection rate peaked in the spring-summer season of 2008 to 2009 and 2009 to 2010, while hMPV circulated predominantly during the winter-spring season of 2010 to 2011. The full-length G gene of 23 hMPV strains was amplified, and group A and B viruses accounted for 95.7% (22/23) and 4.3% (1/23), respectively. Genotype A2b of hMPV appeared to be predominant during the study period. Three genotypes (A2b, A1, and B1) were prevalent in the epidemic season of 2008 to 2009, and only genotype A2b was identified in the other two seasons (2009 to 2010 and 2010 to 2011). The G gene of hMPV was predicted to encode proteins with four different lengths, in which one with 210 amino acids was first identified in China. These findings suggest that hMPV was an important pathogen of ALRTI in pediatric patients, especially those <5 years of age. Genotype A2b of hMPV likely predominates in Southwest China, where other genotypes also circulate.
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Tedcastle AB, Fenwick F, Ingram RE, King BJ, Robinson MJ, Toms GL. The characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human metapneumovirus and the detection of multiple forms of the virus nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein. J Med Virol 2012; 84:1061-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Li J, Ren L, Guo L, Xiang Z, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Vernet G, Wang J. Evolutionary dynamics analysis of human metapneumovirus subtype A2: genetic evidence for its dominant epidemic. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34544. [PMID: 22479641 PMCID: PMC3316673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a respiratory viral pathogen in children worldwide. hMPV is divided into four subtypes: hMPV_A1, hMPV_A2, hMPV_B1, and hMPV_B2. hMPV_A2 can be further divided into hMPV_A2a and A2b based on phylogenetic analysis. The typical prevalence pattern of hMPV involves a shift of the predominant subtype within one or two years. However, hMPV_A2, in particular hMPV_A2b, has circulated worldwide with a several years long term high epidemic. To study this distinct epidemic behavior of hMPV_A2, we analyzed 294 sequences of partial G genes of the virus from different countries. Molecular evolutionary data indicates that hMPV_A2 evolved toward heterogeneity faster than the other subtypes. Specifically, a Bayesian skyline plot analysis revealed that hMPV_A2 has undergone a generally upward fluctuation since 1997, whereas the other subtypes experienced only one upward fluctuation. Although hMPV_A2 showed a lower value of mean dN/dS than the other subtypes, it had the largest number of positive selection sites. Meanwhile, various styles of mutation were observed in the mutation hotspots of hMPV_A2b. Bayesian phylogeography analysis also revealed two fusions of diffusion routes of hMPV_A2b in India (June 2006) and Beijing, China (June 2008). Sequences of hMPV_A2b retrieved from GenBank boosted simultaneously with the two fusions respectively, indicating that fusion of genetic transmission routes from different regions improved survival of hMPV_A2. Epidemic and evolutionary dynamics of hMPV_A2b were similar to those of hMPV_A2. Overall, our findings provide important molecular insights into hMPV epidemics and viral variation, and explain the occurrence of an atypical epidemic of hMPV_A2, particularly hMPV_A2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Ren
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Guo
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichun Xiang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Jianwei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Al-Turab M, Chehadeh W, Al-Mulla F, Al-Nakib W. Human metapneumovirus in patients with respiratory tract infection in Kuwait. J Med Virol 2012; 83:1811-7. [PMID: 21837799 PMCID: PMC7166577 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has been recognized as an important cause of respiratory tract infections in all age groups and in all geographical area. The role of hMPV in causing respiratory tract infections in Kuwait was not yet investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hMPV infection in Kuwait among patients with respiratory tract infection with respect to other respiratory viruses. During January–December 2009, 460 respiratory samples from 388 patients with respiratory tract infection were collected from different hospitals. They were tested for hMPV RNA by real‐time PCR, and for other respiratory viruses by conventional PCR. Out of 388 patients, 110 (28%) were positive for viral respiratory infections; 21 (5.4%) were positive for hMPV, 29 (7.5%) were positive for rhinovirus, 13 (4%) were positive for respiratory syncytial virus, and 10 (3%) were positive for adenovirus. Most (n = 19, 90.5%) of hMPV‐positive patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, 76% of them were of age 2 years and below, and 24% of age 59 years and above. All hMPV‐positive elderly patients had pneumonia while 50% of hMPV‐positive infants had bronchopneumonia. Children with hMPV/rhinovirus co‐infection (n = 3, 1%) had recurrent chest infection and frequent intensive care unit admission. The hMPV infection was mostly detected between December and May, and genotype B was more prevalent than genotype A. This is the first study demonstrating the prevalence of hMPV infection in Kuwait, and suggests that hMPV infection is prevalent in infants and elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infection. J. Med. Virol. 83:1811–1817, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Al-Turab
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait.
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Legrand L, Vabret A, Dina J, Petitjean-Lecherbonnier J, Stéphanie G, Cuvillon D, Tripey V, Brouard J, Freymuth F. Epidemiological and phylogenic study of human metapneumovirus infections during three consecutive outbreaks in Normandy, France. J Med Virol 2011; 83:517-24. [PMID: 21264874 PMCID: PMC7166733 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is responsible for respiratory tract disease, particularly in the young and elderly population. An epidemiological and phylogenic study was performed on children admitted to hospital with an acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRI). Data were obtained and analyzed over three consecutive winters, from 2002–2003 to 2004–2005. Each year during the winter period, from November to March, 2,415 nasal swabs were tested by a direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) for influenza viruses A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, and adenoviruses. Rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, and coronaviruses OC43 and 229E were detected by RT‐PCR. A RT‐PCR designed for the M gene was performed on negative samples for hMPV detection and phylogenic analyses. For the three consecutive winters, hMPV represented 10%, 22.6%, and 8.8% of virus‐negative samples, respectively. In most cases, clinical symptoms indicated a LRI with a final diagnosis of bronchiolitis. During the winter of 2003–2004, all viral clusters (A1, A2, B1, and B2) that circulated in France shifted progressively from the A group to the B group. This study determined the prevalence of hMPV in Normandy, its clinical impact and permitted the analysis of the molecular evolution during the successive outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 83:517–524, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Legrand
- Laboratory of Human and Molecular Virology, University Hospital, Caen, France.
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Li J, Wang Z, Gonzalez R, Xiao Y, Zhou H, Zhang J, Paranhos-Baccala G, Vernet G, Jin Q, Wang J, Hung T. Prevalence of human metapneumovirus in adults with acute respiratory tract infection in Beijing, China. J Infect 2011; 64:96-103. [PMID: 22085814 PMCID: PMC7112659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the prevalence and clinical manifestations of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in immunocompetent Chinese adults with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). Methods A reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assay targeting the P gene was developed in this study and used to detect hMPV in nasal and throat swabs collected from 2936 immunocompetent adult patients with ARTIs in Beijing, China between July 2008 and June 2010. Results Among the 2936 patients studied, 49 (1.7%) were positive for hMPV, of whom 14 (28.6%) were positive for hMPV_A2b, 19 (38.8%) for hMPV_B1, and 16 (32.6%) for hMPV_B2. hMPV_A1 was not detected. An average detection rate of 6.6% was observed in the peak months of the two epidemic seasons studied. The hMPV prevalence was higher in the sampled elderly (>65 years, 3.2%) than in middle aged adults (25–65 years; 2.0%) and teenagers (14–25 years; 0.9%). During the study period, hMPV infections showed a biennial rhythm of seasonality, peaking from November to March in 2008/09 and from March to June in 2010. Conclusion hMPV infection plays an important role in immunocompetent adults in its epidemic season. The demographic and clinical data presented in this study improves our understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical burden of hMPV infection in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), 9# Dong Dan San Tiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, PR China
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Debur MC, Vidal LR, Stroparo E, Nogueira MB, Almeida SM, Takahashi GA, Rotta I, Pereira LA, Silveira CS, Delfraro A, Nakatani SM, Skraba I, Raboni SM. Impact of human metapneumovirus infection on in and outpatients for the years 2006-2008 in Southern Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2011; 105:1010-8. [PMID: 21225198 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000800010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human metapneumovirus (hMPV), member of the Paramyxoviridae family, has been reported as an important agent involved with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). The aim of this study is to identify hMPV as the etiological agent of ARIs on in and outpatients in the city of Curitiba, Southern Brazil, and describe clinical data of hMPV subtyping. A retrospective study was performed in 1,572 respiratory samples over a period of three years. hMPV was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and subtyping was performed by nucleotide sequencing. hMPV was present in 61 (3.9%) samples and subtypes A1, A2a, B1 and B2 were detected. The incidence of hMPV was higher in outpatients (5.9%), whose mean age was 19.7 years (range 6 months-75 years old), than in inpatients (3%), whose mean age was 7.6 months (range 1 month-26 years old). The outpatients had upper respiratory tract infections with flu-like symptoms and all hospitalized children had lower respiratory tract infections. A pediatric patient died from complications associated with hMPV A2a infection. hMPV has been reported as a respiratory pathogen in all age groups. No correlation was observed between viral subtype and disease severity in the samples of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Debur
- Laboratório de Virologia, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil, 82060-240
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O'Shaughnessy L, Carr M, Crowley B, Carberry S, Doyle S. Recombinant expression and immunological characterisation of proteins derived from human metapneumovirus. J Clin Virol 2011; 52:236-43. [PMID: 21920812 PMCID: PMC7108261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been shown to cause respiratory infection, accounting for approximately 7% of all such disease, and contributes to the development of asthma in humans. HMPV has a worldwide distribution with infectivity rates approaching 100%, and immunocompromised patients are particularly at risk from viral exposure. No anti-HMPV vaccine is available and diagnosis is primarily based on in-house molecular or serological tests, in part due to limited availability of recombinant HMPV antigens. OBJECTIVE To generate a panel of HMPV-derived recombinant antigens, develop standardised ELISA systems for HMPV IgG detection and explore the nature of B cell memory against HMPV to underpin future vaccine studies. STUDY DESIGN HMPV viral RNA was isolated from a clinical specimen and RT-PCR was conducted. The HMPV M and P genes were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The HMPV N gene was cloned and expressed in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. Each purified recombinant antigens was subsequently employed in HMPV-specific ELISA. RESULTS High-level expression, and purification, of both HMPV matrix (M) (10 mg/g cells) and phosphoprotein (P) (3.82 mg/g cells) were achieved in an E. coli expression system. Recombinant HMPV (N) was successfully expressed in, and purified from the baculovirus expression system. Overall, a 99% HMPV IgG seroprevalence was observed (n = 96) using HMPV M-, N- and P-ELISA, respectively. The M antigen proved to be the most diagnostically useful with 99% of specimens tested exhibiting anti-M protein reactivity. A high correlation was observed between anti-M and N IgG reactivity (r = 0.96), with significant correlation also evident for anti-N and P IgG reactivity (r = 0.74). Lowest correlation was evident for anti-M and P IgG reactivity (r = 0.57). Finally, the first demonstration of HMPV-specific B cell memory (ranging 1-15 spot forming cells (SFC)/million cells) was achieved against M and P antigens in 40% of individuals tested. CONCLUSION This work describes robust diagnostic systems for HMPV and new insight into antigen-specific B cell memory against HMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke O'Shaughnessy
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Guido M, Quattrocchi M, Campa A, Zizza A, Grima P, Romano A, De Donno A. Human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus associated with respiratory infection in Apulian population. Virology 2011; 417:64-70. [PMID: 21636105 PMCID: PMC7173056 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the occurrence of hBoV, hMPV and InfA-B in an Apulian population with respiratory tract infections. During influenza season 2008-2009, 116 oropharingeal swabs were collected from patients affected by Influenza-Like Illness (ILI). The PCR products of hMPV M and HBoV NP-1 genes were sequenced. 78 out of 116 samples were positive for at least one respiratory virus; hBoV was detected in 53, hMPV in 22 and InfA-B in 41 out of 116 swabs. A high rate of hBoV infection in adult (18.9%) and elderly (26.4%) subjects was found. The co-infection rate was higher for hMPV (18/22 cases, 81.8%) compared to hBoV (26/53 cases, 49.1%), and InfA-B (25/41 cases, 61.0%). Co-infections were common in children. hBoV positive samples shared a high level of genetic similarity with the hBoV1 genotype, and hMPV positive samples clustered with A2 subgroup. Our results suggest that hBoV and hMPV play a role in ILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Guido
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy,Corresponding author. Fax: + 39 832 298626
| | - M. Quattrocchi
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - A. Campa
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - A. Zizza
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Lecce, Italy
| | - P. Grima
- Division of Infectious Diseases, HIV Center, S. Caterina Novella Hospital, Galatina, Lecce, Italy
| | - A. Romano
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - A. De Donno
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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An Outbreak of Human Coronavirus OC43 Infection and Serological Cross-reactivity with SARS Coronavirus. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2011; 17:330-6. [PMID: 18382647 DOI: 10.1155/2006/152612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In summer 2003, a respiratory outbreak was investigated in British Columbia, during which nucleic acid tests and serology unexpectedly indicated reactivity for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). METHODS Cases at a care facility were epidemiologically characterized and sequentially investigated for conventional agents of respiratory infection, SARS-CoV and other human CoVs. Serological cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV and human CoV-OC43 (HCoV-OC43) was investigated by peptide spot assay. RESULTS Ninety-five of 142 residents (67%) and 53 of 160 staff members (33%) experienced symptoms of respiratory infection. Symptomatic residents experienced cough (66%), fever (21%) and pneumonia (12%). Eight residents died, six with pneumonia. No staff members developed pneumonia. Findings on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays for SARS-CoV at a national reference laboratory were suspected to represent false positives, but this was confounded by concurrent identification of antibody to N protein on serology. Subsequent testing by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed HCoV-OC43 infection. Convalescent serology ruled out SARS. Notably, sera demonstrated cross-reactivity against nucleocapsid peptide sequences common to HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the virulence of human CoV-OC43 in elderly populations and confirm that cross-reactivity to antibody against nucleocapsid proteins from these viruses must be considered when interpreting serological tests for SARS-CoV.
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Genomic analysis of four human metapneumovirus prototypes. Virus Res 2011; 160:200-5. [PMID: 21740936 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important cause of acute respiratory illness in children. We determined the complete genome sequence of four strains of HMPV representing each of the four lineages. These sequences were compared with published HMPV genome sequences. Most genes were conserved between the genetic lineages (79.5-99.6%), though nucleotide diversity was greater than amino acid diversity, suggesting functional constraints on mutation. However, the SH and G open reading frames were more variable (mean 76.4% and 59.0% aa identity, respectively), with mostly nonsynonymous changes, suggesting selective pressure on the SH and G proteins. Gene-start regions were largely conserved between genes and viruses, while gene-end sequences were conserved between viruses but not between genes. The SH-G and G-L intergenic regions were extremely long (∼200 nt) and have no defined function, yet were highly conserved within major groups. These findings highlight broadly conserved regions of the HMPV genome and suggest unidentified biological roles for SH and G.
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Agrawal AS, Roy T, Ghosh S, Chawla-Sarkar M. Genetic variability of attachment (G) and Fusion (F) protein genes of human metapneumovirus strains circulating during 2006-2009 in Kolkata, Eastern India. Virol J 2011; 8:67. [PMID: 21314961 PMCID: PMC3045894 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is associated with the acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in all the age groups. However, there is limited information on prevalence and genetic diversity of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) strains circulating in India. Objective To study prevalence and genomic diversity of hMPV strains among ARTI patients reporting in outpatient departments of hospitals in Kolkata, Eastern India. Methods Nasal and/or throat swabs from 2309 patients during January 2006 to December 2009, were screened for the presence of hMPV by RT-PCR of nucleocapsid (N) gene. The G and F genes of representative hMPV positive samples were sequenced. Results 118 of 2309 (5.11%) clinical samples were positive for hMPV. The majority (≈80%) of the positive cases were detected during July−November all through the study period. Genetic analysis revealed that 77% strains belong to A2 subgroup whereas rest clustered in B1 subgroup. G sequences showed higher diversity at the nucleotide and amino acid level. In contrast, less than 10% variation was observed in F gene of representative strains of all four years. Sequence analysis also revealed changes in the position of stop codon in G protein, which resulted in variable length (217-231 aa) polypeptides. Conclusion The study suggests that approximately 5% of ARTI in the region were caused by hMPV. This is the first report on the genetic variability of G and F gene of hMPV strains from India which clearly shows that the G protein of hMPV is continuously evolving. Though the study partially fulfills lacunae of information, further studies from other regions are necessary for better understanding of prevalence, epidemiology and virus evolution in Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurodh S Agrawal
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata-700010, India
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Lu G, Gonzalez R, Guo L, Wu C, Wu J, Vernet G, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Wang J, Hung T. Large-scale seroprevalence analysis of human metapneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus infections in Beijing, China. Virol J 2011; 8:62. [PMID: 21310026 PMCID: PMC3046927 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a recently identified virus, causes acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in infants and children. However, studies on the seroepidemeology of hMPV are very limited in China. To assess the seroprevalence of hMPV infection in China, we tested a total of 1,156 serum specimens for the presence of anti-hMPV IgG antibody in children and adults free of acute respiratory illness in Beijing, China by using hMPV nucleocapsid (N) protein as an antigen. As a control, we used the human serum antibody against the N protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), the most important viral agent responsible for ARIs in children. Results The seropositive rate for hMPV increased steadily with age from 67% at 1-6 mo to 100% at age 20. However, the rate dropped slightly between 6 mo and 1 yr of age. The seropositive rate for hRSV also increased steadily with age from 71% at 1-6 mo to 100% at age 20. In children aged six months to six years, the seropositive rates for the anti-hRSV IgG antibody were significantly higher than those for hMPV. Additionally, IgG antibody titers to hMPV and hRSV were significantly higher in adults than in young children. Consistent with the seropositive rates, the geometric mean titer of anti-hMPV IgG antibody was lower than that of anti-hRSV IgG antibody in children aged six months to six years. Conclusions Our results indicate that similar to hRSV, exposure to hMPV is ubiquitous in the Beijing population. However, the seroprevalence of anti-hMPV IgG antibody is lower than that of hRSV in children between six months and six years old, which suggests a different number of repeat infections or a different response to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology (IPB), Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100730, China
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Pizzorno A, Masner M, Médici C, Sarachaga M, Rubio I, Mirazo S, Frabasile S, Arbiza J. Molecular detection and genetic variability of human metapneumovirus in Uruguay. J Med Virol 2010; 82:861-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu L, Qian Y, Zhu R, Zhao L, Deng J. Generation of recombinant nucleocapsid protein of human metapneumovirus in baculovirus for detecting antibodies in the Beijing population. Arch Virol 2009; 155:47-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Development and evaluation of a whole virus-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of human metapneumovirus antibodies in human sera. J Virol Methods 2009; 164:24-9. [PMID: 19925829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To apply serological testing for human metapneumovirus (hMPV) to large-scale sera samples, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed in which purified virions were used as the antigen. The ELISA was evaluated using 102 human sera specimens from patients aged 0-59 years. There was a positive association between the ELISA results and neutralization test titers, with the correlation coefficients being greater in children <6 years old (rho=0.899, P<0.0001), which is consistent with a primary infection, than in persons >or=6 years old (rho=0.523, P<0.0001). Fifty sera samples were subjected to radioimmunoprecipitation to measure the quantity of antibodies to the fusion protein (RIP-F) and the nucleoprotein (RIP-N). The results showed significant associations between the ELISA titers and the amount of RIP-F as determined by radioimmunoprecipitation in children <6 years old (rho=0.804, P=0.0083) and in persons >or=6 years old (rho=0.577, P=0.0009). The correlation between the ELISA titer and the amount of RIP-N determined by radioimmunoprecipitation was not significant in persons >or=6 years old (rho=0.417, P=0.0829), although this correlation was significant in children <6 years old (rho=0.764, P=0.0137). The ELISA titer correlated with the amount of antibodies to the F protein, but not to the N protein. This whole virus-based ELISA will be useful for the diagnosis of hMPV infection in clinical laboratories and is also useful for the large-scale investigations, such as seroprevalence among residents of a particular region.
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Microneutralization assay for the measurement of neutralizing antibodies to human metapneumovirus. J Clin Virol 2009; 46:314-7. [PMID: 19818678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly discovered virus which causes respiratory illness in persons of all ages. OBJECTIVE A simple and rapid method to determine neutralizing antibody titers against hMPV is needed to facilitate the development of vaccines and therapeutics for hMPV. Therefore, we sought to adapt the methodology used for RSV microneutralization assay (MNA) to measure neutralizing antibody titers against hMPV. STUDY DESIGN Serial 2-fold dilutions of serum were made in 96 well microtiter plates and incubated with approximately 50pfu of hMPV A or B strain for 60min at room temperature. LLC-MK2 cells were added to the serum-virus mixtures and plates incubated at 35 degrees C in CO(2) for 5 days. Plates were fixed with acetone; air dried, blocked and then developed with monoclonal antibody to the hMPV N protein followed by horse radish peroxidase labeled antibody and substrate. Neutralization titer was defined as the titer of serum that reduced color development by 50% compared to the positive control wells. RESULTS Titers measured by MNA correlated well with those determined by standard plaque reduction assay (R=0.77). Neutralization titers determined by MNA demonstrated excellent inter-assay variability (coefficient of variance=7%). In addition, there was good correlation of antibody titers from 10 hMPV infected adults measured by MNA using either group A or group B hMPV (R=0.87). CONCLUSION MNA is a simple and reproducible method for the measurement of serum neutralizing antibody against hMPV.
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Luo L, Sabara MI, Li Y. Analysis of Antigenic Cross-Reactivity Between Subgroup C Avian Pneumovirus and Human Metapneumovirus by Using Recombinant Fusion Proteins. Transbound Emerg Dis 2009; 56:303-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2009.01085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Winther TN, Madsen CD, Pedersen AG, von Linstow ML, Eugen-Olsen J, Hogh B. Limited inter- and intra-patient sequence diversity of the genetic lineage A human metapneumovirus fusion gene. Virus Genes 2009; 31:89-97. [PMID: 15965613 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-005-2204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2004] [Accepted: 02/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is associated with respiratory tract illness especially in young children. Two hMPV genetic lineages, A and B, and four sublineages A1, A2 and B1, B2 have been defined. Infection with hMPV occurs through membrane fusion mediated by the hMPV fusion (F) protein. In this study, the inter- and intra-patient genetic diversity of the lineage A hMPV F gene was investigated. Ten isolates were collected from 10 hMPV infected children. Viral RNA was isolated and amplified, and approximately 10 clones from each isolate were sequenced. Altogether 108 clones were successfully sequenced. The average interpatient sequence diversity was 1.68% and 1.64% at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. The samples were divisible into two groups on the basis of intrapatient sequence diversity. In group 1 (4 children) the intra-patient sequence diversity was low (nt: 0.26-0.39%, aa: 0.51-0.94%) whereas group 2 (6 children) had a higher intra-patient sequence diversity (nt: 0.85-1.98%, aa: 1.08-2.22%). Phylogenetic analyses showed that the group 1 children harboured sublineage Al only, but interestingly group 2 children harboured both sublineages Al and A2, indicating they had been infected with at least two viruses. Several independent viruses contained premature stop codons in exactly identical positions resulting in truncated fusion proteins. Possibly this is a mechanism for immune system evasion. The F protein is a major antigenic determinant, and the limited sequence diversity observed lay emphasis on the hMPV F gene as a putative target for future vaccine development.
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Oliveira DBL, Durigon EL, Carvalho ACL, Leal AL, Souza TS, Thomazelli LM, Moraes CTP, Vieira SE, Gilio AE, Stewien KE. Epidemiology and genetic variability of human metapneumovirus during a 4-year-long study in Southeastern Brazil. J Med Virol 2009; 81:915-21. [PMID: 19319957 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and molecular characteristics of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) were compared with human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) in infants and young children admitted for acute lower respiratory tract infections in a prospective study during four consecutive years in subtropical Brazil. GeneScan polymerase chain assays (GeneScan RT-PCR) were used to detect hMPV and hRSV in nasopharyngeal aspirates of 1,670 children during January 2003 to December 2006. hMPV and hRSV were detected, respectively, in 191 (11.4%) and in 702 (42%) of the children admitted with acute lower respiratory tract infections at the Sao Paulo University Hospital. Sequencing data of the hMPV F gene revealed that two groups of the virus, each divided into two subgroups, co-circulated during three consecutive years. It was also shown that a clear dominance of genotype B1 occurred during the years 2004 and 2005, followed by genotype A2 during 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle B L Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Human metapneumovirus is a recently recognized pathogen of acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in children as well as elderly and immunocompromised adults.The virus belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae, sub family Pneumovirinae and genus Metapneumovirus. Through genetic analysis it has been characterized into two groups A and B which are further divided into four sub-lineages. The virus is difficult to grow in tissue culture and hence reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for N and L gene is the method of choice for diagnosis. The virus has been seen in all countries with seasonal distribution in winter months for temperate and spring/summer for tropical countries. F gene is the most conserved among different lineages and efforts are underway to design recombination vaccine using F gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Broor
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India.
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46
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Human metapneumovirus establishes persistent infection in the lungs of mice and is reactivated by glucocorticoid treatment. J Virol 2009; 83:6837-48. [PMID: 19357175 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00379-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been identified as a worldwide agent of serious upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. HMPV is second only to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as a leading cause of bronchiolitis, and, like RSV, consists of two major genotypes that cocirculate and vary among communities year to year. Children who have experienced acute HMPV infection may develop sequelae of wheezing and asthma; however, the features contributing to this pathology remain unknown. A possible mechanism for postbronchiolitis disease is that HMPV might persist in the lung providing a stimulus that could contribute to wheezing and asthma. Using immunohistochemistry to identify HMPV-infected cells in the lungs of mice, we show that HMPV mediates biphasic replication in respiratory epithelial cells then infection migrates to neuronal processes that innervate the lungs where the virus persists with no detectable infection in epithelial cells. After glucocorticoid treatment, the virus is reactivated from neural fibers and reinfects epithelial cells. The findings show that HMPV persists in neural fibers and suggest a mechanism for disease chronicity that has important implications for HMPV disease intervention strategies.
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Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently described paramyxovirus that causes lower respiratory infections in children and adults worldwide. The hMPV fusion (F) protein is a membrane-anchored glycoprotein and major protective antigen. All hMPV F protein sequences determined to date contain an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence, suggesting that F engages RGD-binding integrins to mediate cell entry. The divalent cation chelator EDTA, which disrupts heterodimeric integrin interactions, inhibits infectivity of hMPV but not the closely related respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which lacks an RGD motif. Function-blocking antibodies specific for alphavbeta1 integrin inhibit infectivity of hMPV but not RSV. Transfection of nonpermissive cells with alphav or beta1 cDNAs confers hMPV infectivity, whereas reduction of alphav and beta1 integrin expression by siRNA inhibits hMPV infection. Recombinant hMPV F protein binds to cells, whereas Arg-Gly-Glu (RGE)-mutant F protein does not. These data suggest that alphavbeta1 integrin is a functional receptor for hMPV.
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48
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Pavlin JA, Hickey AC, Ulbrandt N, Chan YP, Endy TP, Boukhvalova MS, Chunsuttiwat S, Nisalak A, Libraty DH, Green S, Rothman AL, Ennis FA, Jarman R, Gibbons RV, Broder CC. Human metapneumovirus reinfection among children in Thailand determined by ELISA using purified soluble fusion protein. J Infect Dis 2008; 198:836-42. [PMID: 18680407 DOI: 10.1086/591186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly discovered paramyxovirus that causes acute respiratory illness. Despite apparent near-universal exposure during early childhood, immunity is transient. METHODS An indirect screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a recombinant soluble fusion (F) glycoprotein derived from hMPV was used to test for anti-F IgG in 1,380 pairs of acute- and convalescent-stage serum samples collected from children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. RESULTS Of the 1,380 serum sample pairs tested, 1,376 (99.7%) showed evidence of prior infection with hMPV. Sixty-six paired specimens demonstrated a >or=4-fold rise in titer, for an overall reinfection rate of 4.9%. Two children demonstrated evidence of an initial infection. Forty-eight of the 68 new infections or reinfections occurred in 2000, accounting for 13.2% of all nonflaviviral febrile illnesses in the study population in that year. Of 68 positive cases, 85.3% complained of cough and 66.2% complained of rhinorrhea, compared with 61.4% and 49.0% of negative cases, respectively (P < .01). All positive samples were also tested for an increase in titer of antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus F, and 27% exhibited a >or=4-fold rise. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that hMPV reinfections cause illness at a rate equal to that seen for initial infections. hMPV may have a more significant impact in older children than previously realized and may be the cause of significant outbreaks in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Pavlin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, USA.
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Wang HC, Huang SW, Wang SW, Tsai HP, Kiang D, Wang SM, Liu CC, Su IJ, Wang JR. Co-circulating genetically divergent A2 human metapneumovirus strains among children in southern Taiwan. Arch Virol 2008; 153:2207-13. [PMID: 19002556 PMCID: PMC7087237 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) among children in southern Taiwan in 2004 prompted the investigation of the molecular epidemiology of hMPV from September 2003 to August 2005. Respiratory specimens that were culture negative for a panel of respiratory viruses were examined for the presence of hMPV by RT-PCR. The results indicated that 59 out of 546 (10.8%) children were hMPV-positive. The majority of these hMPV-positive children were less than 2 years old (59.4%), females (61%), and inpatients (67.8%). Infections occurred throughout the year, but peaked during the spring and/or summer months. Sequence analysis of the fusion gene from the isolates revealed two phylogenetic groups with five possible lineages (A1, A2a/A2b, B1, and B2). Among these co-circulating strains, A2 strains were most frequently observed and demonstrated the greatest divergence. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis identified several variant amino acids specific to the A2 lineage. Lineage-specific amino acid substitutions were noted at aa233, aa286, aa312, aa348, and aa296. This study indicated that genetically divergent strains of hMPV which caused respiratory disease and hospitalization were circulating among children in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Chen Wang
- Division of Clinical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 137, Shengli Rd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Shainn-Wei Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - David Kiang
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratories, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA USA
| | - Shih-Min Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Division of Clinical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 137, Shengli Rd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Division of Clinical Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 137, Shengli Rd., Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
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Mok H, Tollefson SJ, Podsiad AB, Shepherd BE, Polosukhin VV, Johnston RE, Williams JV, Crowe JE. An alphavirus replicon-based human metapneumovirus vaccine is immunogenic and protective in mice and cotton rats. J Virol 2008; 82:11410-8. [PMID: 18786987 PMCID: PMC2573258 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01688-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently discovered paramyxovirus that causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals worldwide. Here, we developed Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRPs) encoding hMPV fusion (F) or attachment (G) glycoproteins and evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these vaccine candidates in mice and cotton rats. VRPs encoding hMPV F protein, when administered intranasally, induced F-specific virus-neutralizing antibodies in serum and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies in secretions at the respiratory mucosa. Challenge virus replication was reduced significantly in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts following intranasal hMPV challenge in these animals. However, vaccination with hMPV G protein VRPs did not induce neutralizing antibodies or protect animals from hMPV challenge. Close examination of the histopathology of the lungs of VRP-MPV F-vaccinated animals following hMPV challenge revealed no enhancement of inflammation or mucus production. Aberrant cytokine gene expression was not detected in these animals. Together, these results represent an important first step toward the use of VRPs encoding hMPV F proteins as a prophylactic vaccine for hMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyin Mok
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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