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Hsieh WS, Chao CH, Shen CY, Cheng D, Huang SW, Wang YF, Chen CC, Chen SH, Hsu LJ, Wang JR. VP1 codon deoptimization and high-fidelity substitutions in 3D polymerase as potential vaccine strategies for eliciting immune responses against enterovirus A71. J Virol 2024; 98:e0155823. [PMID: 38174926 PMCID: PMC10804986 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01558-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) can induce severe neurological complications and even fatal encephalitis in children, and it has caused several large outbreaks in Taiwan since 1998. We previously generated VP1 codon-deoptimized (VP1-CD) reverse genetics (rg) EV-A71 viruses (rgEV-A71s) that harbor a high-fidelity (HF) 3D polymerase. These VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71s showed lower replication kinetics in vitro and decreased virulence in an Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mouse model of EV-A71 infection, while still retaining their antigenicity in comparison to the wild-type virus. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71s to assess the potential efficacy of these EV-A71 vaccine candidates. Following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71s in mice, we observed a robust induction of EV-A71-specific neutralizing IgG antibodies in the antisera after 21 days. Splenocytes isolated from VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71s-immunized mice exhibited enhanced proliferative activities and cytokine production (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and TNF-α) upon re-stimulation with VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71, as compared to control mice treated with adjuvant only. Importantly, administration of antisera from VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71s-immunized mice protected against lethal EV-A71 challenge in neonatal mice. These findings highlight that our generated VP1-CD-HF rgEV-A71 viruses are capable of inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses, supporting their potential as next-generation EV-A71 vaccines for combating EV-A71 infection.IMPORTANCEEV-A71 can cause severe neurological diseases and cause death in young children. Here, we report the development of synthetic rgEV-A71s with the combination of codon deoptimization and high-fidelity (HF) substitutions that generate genetically stable reverse genetics (rg) viruses as potential attenuated vaccine candidates. Our work provides insight into the development of low-virulence candidate vaccines through a series of viral genetic editing for maintaining antigenicity and genome stability and suggests a strategy for the development of an innovative next-generation vaccine against EV-A71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sheng Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Chao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Shen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dayna Cheng
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Wang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jin Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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Lai PT, Chen CY, Lin HC, Chuang BY, Kuo KH, Greve CR, Su TK, Tan GH, Li CF, Huang SW, Hsiao KY, Herzig EM, Lu MY, Huang YC, Wong KT, Lin HW. Harnessing 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite with Polar Organic Cation for Ultrasensitive Multibit Nonvolatile Transistor-Type Photomemristors. ACS Nano 2023; 17:25552-25564. [PMID: 38096149 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Photomemristors have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation hardware-based neuromorphic computing due to their potentials of fast data transmission and low power consumption. However, intriguingly, so far, photomemristors seldom display truly nonvolatile memory characteristics with high light sensitivity. Herein, we demonstrate ultrasensitive photomemristors utilizing two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites with a highly polar donor-acceptor-type push-pull organic cation, 4-(5-(2-aminoethyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzonitrile+ (EATPCN+), as charge-trapping layers. High linearity and almost zero-decay retention are observed in (EATPCN)2PbI4 devices, which are very distinct from that of the traditional 2D RP perovskite devices consisting of nonpolar organic cations, such as phenethylamine+ (PEA+) and octylamine+ (OA+), and traditional 3D perovskite devices consisting of methylamine+ (MA+). The 2-fold advantages, including desirable spatial crystal arrangement and engineered energetic band alignment, clarify the mechanism of superior performance in (EATPCN)2PbI4 devices. The optimized (EATPCN)2PbI4 photomemristor also shows a memory window of 87.9 V and an on/off ratio of 106 with a retention time of at least 2.4 × 105 s and remains unchanged after >105 writing-reading-erasing-reading endurance cycles. Very low energy consumptions of 1.12 and 6 fJ for both light stimulation and the reading process of each status update are also demonstrated. The extremely low power consumption and high photoresponsivity were simultaneously achieved. The high photosensitivity surpasses that of a state-of-the-art commercial pulse energy meter by several orders of magnitude. With their outstanding linearity and retention, rabbit images have been rebuilt by (EATPCN)2PbI4 photomemristors, which truthfully render the image without fading over time. Finally, by utilizing the powerful ∼8 bits of nonvolatile potentiation and depression levels of (EATPCN)2PbI4 photomemristors, the accuracies of the recognition tasks of CIFAR-10 image classification and MNIST handwritten digit classification have reached 89% and 94.8%, respectively. This study represents the first report of utilizing a functional donor-acceptor type of organic cation in 2D RP perovskites for high-performance photomemristors with characteristics that are not found in current halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ting Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yueh Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Cheng Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hua Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Christopher R Greve
- Dynamics and Structure Formation─Herzig Group, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tsung-Kai Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Hsun Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Feng Li
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Eva M Herzig
- Dynamics and Structure Formation─Herzig Group, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ming-Yen Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Lin CJ, Su IC, Huang SW, Chen PY, Traynor V, Chang HCR, Liu IH, Lai YS, Lee HC, Rolls K, Chiu HY. Delirium assessment tools among hospitalized older adults: A systematic review and metaanalysis of diagnostic accuracy. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102025. [PMID: 37527704 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome that is often overlooked in clinical settings. The most accurate instrument for screening delirium has not been established. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the 4 'A's Test (4AT), Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC), and Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) in detecting delirium among older adults in clinical settings. These assessment tools feature concise item sets and straightforward administration procedures. Five electronic databases were systematically searched from their inception to September 7, 2022. Studies evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of the 4AT, Nu-DESC, and CAM against the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or International Classification of Diseases as the reference standard were included. Bivariate random effects model was used to summarize the sensitivity and specificity results. A total of 38 studies involving 7378 patients were included. The 4AT, Nu-DESC, and CAM had comparable sensitivity in detecting delirium (0.76, 0.78, and 0.80, respectively). However, the specificity of the CAM was higher than that of the 4AT (0.98 vs 0.89, P = .01) and Nu-DESC 0.99 vs 0.90, P = .003). Diagnostic accuracy was moderated by the percentage of women, acute care setting, sample size, and assessors. The three tools exhibit comparable sensitivity, and the CAM has the highest specificity. Based on the feasibility of the tools, nurses and clinical staffs could employ the Nu-DESC and the 4AT on screening out positive delirium cases and integrate these tools into daily practice. Further investigations are warranted to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jou Lin
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chang Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Victoria Traynor
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Hui-Chen Rita Chang
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Parramatta South Campus, Australia
| | - I-Hsing Liu
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shuan Lai
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kaye Rolls
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; School of Nursing, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Hsiao-Yean Chiu
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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Cheng D, Huang SW, Tsai YH, Lien YY, Wang JR. Antigenic mapping of enterovirus A71 from Taiwan and Southeast Asia. Antiviral Res 2023; 212:105569. [PMID: 36822369 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a non-enveloped virus possessing 4 capsid proteins: VP1-VP4. The outermost capsid protein, VP1, plays roles in both antigenicity and virulence of the virus. The concept of generating other EV-A71 genotypes of reverse genetics (rg) viruses by replacing VP1 can be made possible with synthetic biotechnology, allowing us to redesign organisms, creating unavailable ones. To determine suitable vaccine candidates against EV-A71 infections, we combined synthetic biotechnology, rg-virus production and high-fidelity determinants to produce genetically stable viruses. With the use of antigenic cartography, we are able to view the antigenic distance among various points. We analyzed and generated various EV-A71 VP1 sequences from Taiwan and Southeast Asian (SEA) countries, which were then used to produce recombinant rg-viruses and the viral proteins were purified for immunization of mice and rabbits. Antisera against various EV-A71 genotypes were used in neutralization assays against various Taiwan and SEA EV-A71 genotypes. Based on neutralization data from mice and rabbit antisera, we found that antisera produced from several genotypes were able to effectively neutralize the various Taiwan and SEA EV-A71 genotypes. Additionally, comparing the antigenic maps produced from mouse, rabbit and human antisera against different EV-A71 genotypes, a difference in clustering was seen and the spacing between points also differed. Based on antigenic mapping and neutralizing activities, B4 7008-HF and C4 M79 may be good potential vaccine candidates against EV-A71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yin Lien
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Chao CH, Cheng D, Huang SW, Chuang YC, Yeh TM, Wang JR. Serological responses triggered by different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants in Taiwan. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1023943. [PMID: 36458016 PMCID: PMC9705976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing ability is critical for developing the next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We collected sera samples between December 2021-January 2022 from 113 Taiwan naïve participants after their second dose of homologous vaccine (AZD1222, mRNA-1273, BNT162-b2, and MVC-COV1901) and compared the differences in serological responses of various SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Compared to AZD1222, the two mRNA vaccines could elicit a higher level of anti-S1-RBD binding antibodies with higher broadly neutralizing ability evaluated using pseudoviruses of various SARS-CoV-2 lineages. The antigenic maps produced from the neutralization data implied that Omicron represents very different antigenic characteristics from the ancestral lineage. These results suggested that constantly administering the vaccine with ancestral Wuhan spike is insufficient for the Omicron outbreak. In addition, we found that anti-ACE2 autoantibodies were significantly increased in all four vaccinated groups compared to the unvaccinated pre-pandemic group, which needed to be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hsuan Chao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dayna Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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Cheng D, Chiu YW, Huang SW, Lien YY, Chang CL, Tsai HP, Wang YF, Wang JR. Genetic and Cross Neutralization Analyses of Coxsackievirus A16 Circulating in Taiwan from 1998 to 2021 Suggest Dominant Genotype B1 can Serve as Vaccine Candidate. Viruses 2022; 14:2306. [PMID: 36298861 PMCID: PMC9608817 DOI: 10.3390/v14102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is well known for causing hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and outbreaks were frequently reported in Taiwan in the past twenty years. The epidemiology and genetic variations of CVA16 in Taiwan from 1998 to 2021 were analyzed in this study. CVA16 infections usually occurred in early summer and early winter, and showed increased incidence in 1998, 2000-2003, 2005, 2007-2008, and 2010 in Taiwan. Little or no CVA16 was detected from 2017 to 2021. CVA16 infection was prevalent in patients between 1 to 3 years old. A total of 69 isolates were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 region showed that CVA16 subgenotype B1 was dominantly isolated in Taiwan from 1998 to 2019, and B2 was identified only from isolates collected in 1999 and 2000. There was a high frequency of synonymous mutations in the amino acid sequences of the VP1 region among CVA16 isolates, with the exception of position 145 which showed positive selection. The recombination analysis of the whole genome of CVA16 isolates indicated that the 5'-untranslated region and the non-structural protein region of CVA16 subgenotype B1 were recombined with Coxsackievirus A4 (CVA4) and enterovirus A71 (EVA71) genotype A, respectively. The recombination pattern of subgenotype B2 was similar to B1, however, the 3D region was similar to EVA71 genotype B. Cross-neutralization among CVA16 showed that mouse antisera from various subgenotypes viruses can cross-neutralize different genotype with high neutralizing antibody titers. These results suggest that the dominant CVA16 genotype B1 can serve as a vaccine candidate for CVA16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Wei Chiu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yin Lien
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Wang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Cheng D, Huang SW, Chin WX, Hung SJ, Tsai HP, Chu JJH, Chao CH, Wang JR. Impact of Intrahost NS5 Nucleotide Variations on Dengue Virus Replication. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:894200. [PMID: 35865937 PMCID: PMC9294511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.894200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the nature of RNA viruses, their high mutation rates produce a population of closely related but genetically diverse viruses, termed quasispecies. To determine the role of quasispecies in DENV disease severity, 22 isolates (10 from mild cases, 12 from fatal cases) were obtained, amplified, and sequenced with Next Generation Sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Using variation calling, unique wildtype nucleotide positions were selected and analyzed for variant nucleotides between mild and fatal cases. The analysis of variant nucleotides between mild and fatal cases showed 6 positions with a significant difference of p < 0.05 with 1 position in the structural region, and 5 positions in the non-structural (NS) regions. All variations were found to have a higher percentage in fatal cases. To further investigate the genetic changes that affect the virus’s properties, reverse genetics (rg) viruses containing substitutions with the variations were generated and viral growth properties were examined. We found that the virus variant rgNS5-T7812G (G81G) had higher replication rates in both Baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) and Vero cells while rgNS5-C9420A (A617A) had a higher replication rate only in BHK-21 cells compared to wildtype virus. Both variants were considered temperature sensitive whereby the viral titers of the variants were relatively lower at 39°C, but was higher at 35 and 37°C. Additionally, the variants were thermally stable compared to wildtype at temperatures of 29, 37, and 39°C. In conclusion, viral quasispecies found in isolates from the 2015 DENV epidemic, resulted in variations with significant difference between mild and fatal cases. These variations, NS5-T7812G (G81G) and NS5-C9420A (A617A), affect viral properties which may play a role in the virulence of DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Xin Chin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su-Jhen Hung
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Chao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Jen-Ren Wang,
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Han Y, Huang L, Zhou M, Tan X, Gong S, Zhang Z, Jin T, Fang X, Jia Y, Huang SW. Comparison of transcriptome profiles of nucleated red blood cells in cord blood between preterm and full-term neonates. Hematology 2022; 27:263-273. [PMID: 35192776 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2029255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reactivation of fetal γ-globin expression is an effective strategy for ameliorating the clinical symptoms of β-hemoglobinopathies. However, the mechanism of globin switching, especially the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this process, remains elusive. METHODS We compared the in vivo transcriptome profiles of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) isolated from the umbilical cord blood of preterm and full-term newborns. We collected 75 umbilical cord blood samples and performed qPCR of the candidate genes. RESULTS In this study, we identified 7,166 differentially expressed protein-coding genes, 3,243 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and 79 differentially expressed microRNAs. Our data show that the Fanconi anemia pathway and the H19/let-7/LIN28B axis may be involved in γ- to β-globin gene switching. Moreover, we constructed the hub gene network of the differentially expressed transcription factors. Based on qPCR, we found that BCL11A was differentially expressed based on biological sex. We also confirmed that H19 is differentially expressed and established the H19-related network to reveal the potential regulatory mechanisms. CONCLUSION We present the profiles of the in vivo transcriptome differences of NRBCs between preterm and full-term neonates for the first time, and provide novel research targets for β-hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Han
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zhou
- Obstetrical Department, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science & Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangjin Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science & Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science & Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Jin
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science & Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankai Jia
- GENEWIZ Suzhou, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - S W Huang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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9
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Hung SJ, Tsai HP, Wang YF, Ko WC, Wang JR, Huang SW. Assessment of the Risk of Severe Dengue Using Intrahost Viral Population in Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Patients via Machine Learning. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:831281. [PMID: 35223554 PMCID: PMC8866709 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.831281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus, a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, continuously threatens human health. Although several criteria for evaluation of severe dengue have been recently established, the ability to prognose the risk of severe outcomes for dengue patients remains limited. Mutant spectra of RNA viruses, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and defective virus genomes (DVGs), contribute to viral virulence and growth. Here, we determine the potency of intrahost viral population in dengue patients with primary infection that progresses into severe dengue. A total of 65 dengue virus serotype 2 infected patients in primary infection including 17 severe cases were enrolled. We utilized deep sequencing to directly define the frequency of SNVs and detection times of DVGs in sera of dengue patients and analyzed their associations with severe dengue. Among the detected SNVs and DVGs, the frequencies of 9 SNVs and the detection time of 1 DVG exhibited statistically significant differences between patients with dengue fever and those with severe dengue. By utilizing the detected frequencies/times of the selected SNVs/DVG as features, the machine learning model showed high average with a value of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC, 0.966 ± 0.064). The elevation of the frequency of SNVs at E (nucleotide position 995 and 2216), NS2A (nucleotide position 4105), NS3 (nucleotide position 4536, 4606), and NS5 protein (nucleotide position 7643 and 10067) and the detection times of the selected DVG that had a deletion junction in the E protein region (nucleotide positions of the junction: between 969 and 1022) increased the possibility of dengue patients for severe dengue. In summary, we demonstrated the detected frequencies/times of SNVs/DVG in dengue patients associated with severe disease and successfully utilized them to discriminate severe patients using machine learning algorithm. The identified SNVs and DVGs that are associated with severe dengue will expand our understanding of intrahost viral population in dengue pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jhen Hung
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Wang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Sheng-Wen Huang,
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10
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Cheng YW, Chuang YC, Huang SW, Liu CC, Wang JR. An auto-antibody identified from phenotypic directed screening platform shows host immunity against EV-A71 infection. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:10. [PMID: 35130884 PMCID: PMC8822709 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a neurotropic virus which may cause severe neural complications, especially in infants and children. The clinical manifestations include hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina, brainstem encephalitis, pulmonary edema, and other severe neurological diseases. Although there are some vaccines approved, the post-marketing surveillance is still unavailable. In addition, there is no antiviral drugs against EV-A71 available. Methods In this study, we identified a novel antibody that could inhibit viral growth through a human single chain variable fragment (scFv) library expressed in mammalian cells and panned by infection with lethal dose of EV-A71. Results We identified that the host protein α-enolase (ENO1) is the target of this scFv, and anti-ENO1 antibody was found to be more in mild cases than severe EV-A71 cases. Furthermore, we examined the antiviral activity in a mouse model. We found that the treatment of the identified 07-human IgG1 antibody increased the survival rate after virus challenge, and significantly decreased the viral RNA and the level of neural pathology in brain tissue. Conclusions Collectively, through a promising intracellular scFv library expression and screening system, we found a potential scFv/antibody which targets host protein ENO1 and can interfere with the infection of EV-A71. The results indicate that the usage and application of this antibody may offer a potential treatment against EV-A71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Cheng
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Leadgene Biomedical, Inc., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chun Chuang
- Leadgene Biomedical, Inc., Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.
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11
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Lin CY, Shih MC, Chang HC, Lin KJ, Chen LF, Huang SW, Yang ML, Ma SK, Shiau AL, Wang JR, Chen KR, Ling P. Influenza a virus NS1 resembles a TRAF3-interacting motif to target the RNA sensing-TRAF3-type I IFN axis and impair antiviral innate immunity. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:66. [PMID: 34610835 PMCID: PMC8491413 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A virus (IAV) evolves strategies to counteract the host antiviral defense for establishing infection. The influenza A virus (IAV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a key viral factor shown to counteract type I IFN antiviral response mainly through targeting RIG-I signaling. Growing evidence suggests that viral RNA sensors RIG-I, TLR3, and TLR7 function to detect IAV RNA in different cell types to induce type I IFN antiviral response to IAV infection. Yet, it remains unclear if IAV NS1 can exploit a common mechanism to counteract these RNA sensing pathways to type I IFN production at once, then promoting viral propagation in the host. METHODS Luciferase reporter assays were conducted to determine the effect of NS1 and its mutants on the RIG-I and TLR3 pathways to the activation of the IFN-β and NF-κB promoters. Coimmunoprecipitation and confocal microscopic analyses were used to the interaction and colocalization between NS1 and TRAF3. Ubiquitination assays were performed to study the effect of NS1 and its mutants on TRAF3 ubiquitination. A recombinant mutant virus carrying NS1 E152A/E153A mutations was generated by reverse genetics for biochemical, ex vivo, and in vivo analyses to explore the importance of NS1 E152/E153 residues in targeting the RNA sensing-TRAF3-type I IFN axis and IAV pathogenicity. RESULTS Here we report that NS1 subverts the RIG-I, TLR3, and TLR7 pathways to type I IFN production through targeting TRAF3 E3 ubiquitin ligase. NS1 harbors a conserved FTEE motif (a.a. 150-153), in which the E152/E153 residues are critical for binding TRAF3 to block TRAF3 ubiquitination and type I IFN production by these RNA sensing pathways. A recombinant mutant virus carrying NS1 E152A/E153A mutations induces higher type I IFN production ex vivo and in vivo, and exhibits the attenuated phenotype in infected mice, indicating the importance of E152/E153 residues in IAV pathogenicity. CONCLUSIONS Together our work uncovers a novel mechanism of IAV NS1-mediated immune evasion to promote viral infection through targeting the RNA sensing-TRAF3-type I IFN axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Cen Shih
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Fang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lin Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ru Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Pin Ling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan.
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12
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Shi HX, Huang SW, Luo WJ, Pan F, Jin HJ, Wei W. Elevated expression of CDT1 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia promotes cell proliferation, invasion and migration through activation of EMT. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2021; 35:6. [PMID: 34348833 DOI: 10.23812/21-si1-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease of the hematopoietic system. At present, the mechanism and pathogenesis of ALL have not been fully clarified. This study aimed to illustrate the roles of Cdc10 protein-dependent transcript 1 (CDT1) in ALL. Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to examine serum levels of CDT1 in childhood ALL patients and healthy volunteers. The interaction between CDT1 expression and prognosis of childhood ALL was analyzed. Meanwhile, expressions of CDT1 in ALL cell lines were determined. Furthermore, CDT1 knockdown model was constructed in ALL cells, and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), and Transwell assays were conducted to analyze the effect of CDT1 on the biological functions of ALL cells. Potential mechanism was further explored through detecting the expressions of Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes. RT-qPCR results indicated that serum level of CDT1 in childhood ALL patients was remarkably higher than that of healthy volunteers. Childhood ALL patients with high expression of CDT1 had lower overall survival rate compared with those expressing low expression of CDT1. CDT1 knockdown remarkably decreased the proliferation and metastasis abilities of pediatric ALL cells. Results of western blot showed that CDT1 might contribute to the malignant progression of childhood ALL via activating EMT. The findings showed that elevated CDT1 facilitated ALL metastasis by promoting EMT, suggesting that CDT1 played a pivotal role in ALL metastasis and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Zhangqiu District, Jinan, China
| | - S W Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhangqiu District People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - W J Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiyang People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - F Pan
- Department of Obstetrics, Zhangqiu District People's Hospital, Jinan China
| | - H J Jin
- Department of Obstetrics, Zhangqiu District People's Hospital, Jinan China
| | - W Wei
- Department of Hematology, Zhangqiu District People's Hospital, Jinan, China
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13
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Abstract
Mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) was considered an obscure virus causing only mild or self-limited symptoms until the explosive outbreaks in French Polynesia in 2013–2014 and in the Americas in 2015–2016, resulting in more than 700,000 cases of the disease, with occasional miscarriage and severe congenital birth defects, such as intrauterine growth restriction, fetal microcephaly, and other neurodevelopmental malformations. In this review, we summarized the evolution of ZIKV from a mundane virus to an epidemic virus. ZIKV has acquired a panel of amino acid substitutions during evolution when the virus spread from Africa, Asia, Pacific, through to the Americas. Robust occurrence of mutations in the evolution of ZIKV has increased its epidemic potential. Here we discussed the contributions of these evolutionary mutations to the enhancement of viral pathogenicity and host-mosquito transmission. We further explored the potential hypotheses for the increase in ZIKV activity in recent decades. Through this review, we also explored the hypotheses for the occurrence of the recent ZIKV epidemics and highlighted the potential roles of various factors including pathogen-, host-, vector-related, and environmental factors, which may have synergistically contributed to the ZIKV epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jhen Hung
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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14
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Hsu YH, Liu PC, Lin TT, Huang SW, Lai YC. Development of an Elastic Piezoelectric Yarn for the Application of a Muscle Patch Sensor. ACS Omega 2020; 5:29427-29438. [PMID: 33225174 PMCID: PMC7676299 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an elastic poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) piezoelectric yarn for the application of a muscle patch sensor is presented. The electrospinning method is used to fabricate the piezoelectric yarn, and different parameters were used to control the orientation and structure of piezoelectric fibers. We further develop a post-alignment process to reorganize the orientation of fibers and to reshape fiber microstructures. Two unique microstructures of piezoelectric fibers that have an excellent elastic performance were identified. This piezoelectric yarn is composed of skewed and crimped fibers that align along the elongation direction, and it can be cyclically stretched up to 65% strain with good linearity, durability, and repeatability. Its mechanical behavior is superior to randomly distributed and fully straightened piezoelectric fibers, and it is suitable for long-term use of larger strain sensing. Our study demonstrated that this piezoelectric yarn can be stretched for more than 12 h under a repeated 1 Hz cyclic deformation. Using this elastic piezoelectric yarn, a muscle patch sensor that can be attached to the skin over human muscles for real-time monitoring is developed. The concentric, eccentric, and isometric contractions of biceps and triceps can be measured simultaneously to study their contraction behaviors. To further verify whether this patch sensor can be used under intense exercise conditions, the contraction behavior of a soleus muscle during stationary jumping and running is monitored to demonstrate sensor performance. Finally, this patch sensor is sewed onto a chest band, and it is verified that both breathing movement and heartbeat can be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute
of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Po-Chen Liu
- Institute
of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Tian-Tz Lin
- Institute
of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- Institute
of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Yi-Ching Lai
- Department
of Engineering Science & Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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15
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Huang SW, Tai CH, Hsu YM, Cheng D, Hung SJ, Chai KM, Wang YF, Wang JR. Assessing the application of a pseudovirus system for emerging SARS-CoV-2 and re-emerging avian influenza virus H5 subtypes in vaccine development. Biomed J 2020; 43:375-387. [PMID: 32611537 PMCID: PMC7274974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Highly pathogenic emerging and re-emerging viruses continuously threaten lives worldwide. In order to provide prophylactic prevention from the emerging and re-emerging viruses, vaccine is suggested as the most efficient way to prevent individuals from the threat of viral infection. Nonetheless, the highly pathogenic viruses need to be handled in a high level of biosafety containment, which hinders vaccine development. To shorten the timeframe of vaccine development, the pseudovirus system has been widely applied to examine vaccine efficacy or immunogenicity in the emerging and re-emerging viruses. Methods We developed pseudovirus systems for emerging SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and re-emerging avian influenza virus H5 subtypes which can be handled in the biosafety level 2 facility. Through the generated pseudovirus of SARS-CoV-2 and avian influenza virus H5 subtypes, we successfully established a neutralization assay to quantify the neutralizing activity of antisera against the viruses. Results The result of re-emerging avian influenza virus H5Nx pseudoviruses provided valuable information for antigenic evolution and immunogenicity analysis in vaccine candidate selection. Together, our study assessed the potency of pseudovirus systems in vaccine efficacy, antigenic analysis, and immunogenicity in the vaccine development of emerging and re-emerging viruses. Conclusion Instead of handling live highly pathogenic viruses in a high biosafety level facility, using pseudovirus systems would speed up the process of vaccine development to provide community protection against emerging and re-emerging viral diseases with high pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Tai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Mei Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dayna Cheng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jhen Hung
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kit Man Chai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Wang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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16
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Liu Y, Ye YL, Lou JL, Yang XF, Baba T, Kimura M, Yang B, Li ZH, Li QT, Xu JY, Ge YC, Hua H, Wang JS, Yang YY, Ma P, Bai Z, Hu Q, Liu W, Ma K, Tao LC, Jiang Y, Hu LY, Zang HL, Feng J, Wu HY, Han JX, Bai SW, Li G, Yu HZ, Huang SW, Chen ZQ, Sun XH, Li JJ, Tan ZW, Gao ZH, Duan FF, Tan JH, Sun SQ, Song YS. Positive-Parity Linear-Chain Molecular Band in ^{16}C. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:192501. [PMID: 32469564 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.192501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An inelastic excitation and cluster-decay experiment ^{2}H(^{16}C,^{4}He+^{12}Be or ^{6}He+^{10}Be)^{2}H was carried out to investigate the linear-chain clustering structure in neutron-rich ^{16}C. For the first time, decay paths from the ^{16}C resonances to various states of the final nuclei were determined, thanks to the well-resolved Q-value spectra obtained from the threefold coincident measurement. The close-threshold resonance at 16.5 MeV is assigned as the J^{π}=0^{+} band head of the predicted positive-parity linear-chain molecular band with (3/2_{π}^{-})^{2}(1/2_{σ}^{-})^{2} configuration, according to the associated angular correlation and decay analysis. Other members of this band were found at 17.3, 19.4, and 21.6 MeV based on their selective decay properties, being consistent with the theoretical predictions. Another intriguing high-lying state was observed at 27.2 MeV which decays almost exclusively to ^{6}He+^{10}Be(∼6 MeV) final channel, corresponding well to another predicted linear-chain structure with the pure σ-bond configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y L Ye
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J L Lou
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X F Yang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - T Baba
- Kitami Institute of Technology, 090-8507 Kitami, Japan
| | - M Kimura
- Department of Physics, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
| | - B Yang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z H Li
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Q T Li
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J Y Xu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y C Ge
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H Hua
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J S Wang
- School of Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y Y Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - P Ma
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Z Bai
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - W Liu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - K Ma
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - L C Tao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y Jiang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - L Y Hu
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - H L Zang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J Feng
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H Y Wu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J X Han
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - S W Bai
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - G Li
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H Z Yu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - S W Huang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z Q Chen
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X H Sun
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J J Li
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z W Tan
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z H Gao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - F F Duan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J H Tan
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - S Q Sun
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Y S Song
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
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17
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Hung SJ, Hsu YM, Huang SW, Tsai HP, Lee LYY, Hurt AC, Barr IG, Shih SR, Wang JR. Genetic variations on 31 and 450 residues of influenza A nucleoprotein affect viral replication and translation. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:17. [PMID: 31906961 PMCID: PMC6943894 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A viruses cause epidemics/severe pandemics that pose a great global health threat. Among eight viral RNA segments, the multiple functions of nucleoprotein (NP) play important roles in viral replication and transcription. Methods To understand how NP contributes to the virus evolution, we analyzed the NP gene of H3N2 viruses in Taiwan and 14,220 NP sequences collected from Influenza Research Database. The identified genetic variations were further analyzed by mini-genome assay, virus growth assay, viral RNA and protein expression as well as ferret model to analyze their impacts on viral replication properties. Results The NP genetic analysis by Taiwan and global sequences showed similar evolution pattern that the NP backbones changed through time accompanied with specific residue substitutions from 1999 to 2018. Other than the conserved residues, fifteen sporadic substitutions were observed in which the 31R, 377G and 450S showed higher frequency. We found 31R and 450S decreased polymerase activity while the dominant residues (31 K and 450G) had higher activity. The 31 K and 450G showed better viral translation and replication in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions These findings indicated variations identified in evolution have roles in modulating viral replication in vitro and in vivo. This study demonstrates that the interaction between variations of NP during virus evolution deserves future attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jhen Hung
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Mei Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Leo Yi Yang Lee
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Ian G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
As a neurotropic virus, enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) emerge and remerge in the Asia-Pacific region since the 1990s, and has continuously been a threat to global public health, especially in children. Annually, EV-A71 results in hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and occasionally causes severe neurological disease. Here we reviewed the global epidemiology and genotypic evolution of EV-A71 since 1997. The natural selection, mutation and recombination events observed in the genetic evolution were described. In addition, we have updated the antigenicity and virulence determinants that are known to date. Understanding EV-A71 epidemiology, genetic evolution, antigenicity, and virulence determinants can expand our insights of EV-A71 pathogenesis, which may benefit us in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dayna Cheng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, One, University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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19
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Huang SW, Liu YT, Lee JM, Chen JM, Lee JF, Schoenlein RW, Chuang YD, Lin JY. Polaronic effect in the x-ray absorption spectra of La 1-x Ca x MnO 3 manganites. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:195601. [PMID: 30848247 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab05a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is performed to study changes in the electronic structures of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) and charged ordered (CO) La1-x Ca x MnO3 manganites with respect to temperature. The pre-edge features in O and Mn K-edge XAS spectra, which are highly sensitive to the local distortion of MnO6 octahedral, exhibit contrasting temperature dependence between CMR and CO samples. The seemingly counter-intuitive XAS temperature dependence can be reconciled in the context of polarons. These results help identify the most relevant orbital states associated with polarons and highlight the crucial role played by polarons in understanding the electronic structures of manganites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Huang
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, PO Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden. Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America. Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
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20
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Huang SW, Hung SJ, Wang JR. Application of deep sequencing methods for inferring viral population diversity. J Virol Methods 2019; 266:95-102. [PMID: 30690049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first deep sequencing method was announced in 2005. Due to an increasing number of sequencing data and a reduction in the costs of each sequencing dataset, this innovative technique was soon applied to genetic investigations of viral genome diversity in various viruses, particularly RNA viruses. These deep sequencing findings documented viral epidemiology and evolution and provided high-resolution data on the genetic changes in viral populations. Here, we review deep sequencing platforms that have been applied in viral quasispecies studies. Further, we discuss recent deep sequencing studies on viral inter- and intrahost evolution, drug resistance, and humoral immune selection, especially in emerging and re-emerging viruses. Deep sequencing methods are becoming the standard for providing comprehensive results of viral population diversity, and their applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wen Huang
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Su-Jhen Hung
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.
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21
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Han WP, Huang L, Li YY, Han YY, Li D, An BQ, Huang SW. Reference intervals for HbA 2 and HbF and cut-off value of HbA 2 for β-thalassemia carrier screening in a Guizhou population of reproductive age. Clin Biochem 2018; 65:24-28. [PMID: 30503531 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to establish the reference intervals for HbA2 and HbF in a Guizhou population of reproductive age, and to determine the cut-off value of HbA2 for β-thalassemia carrier screening. METHODS Hemoglobin analysis was performed on 832 individuals without hypochromic microcytic anemia to calculate the reference intervals for HbA2 and HbF. Three hundred and ninety one β-thalassemia carriers and non β-thalassemia individuals were analyzed for their HbA2 levels followed by detecting β-globin gene mutations, then cut-off value of HbA2 for β-thalassemia carrier screening was determined using ROC curve analysis. RESULTS The reference interval for HbA2 in overall normal individuals was 2.3%-3.1%, and reference intervals for HbF in normal males and females (including normal females and pregnant women) were 0-0.5% and 0-1.0% respectively. The cut-off values of HbA2 for β-thalassemia carrier screening in males, non-pregnant women, pregnant women and the overall set were 4.40%, 3.75%, 3.70% and 3.95% respectively. CONCLUSION Gender and pregnancy status had no obvious influence on reference interval for HbA2. The HbF level was higher in females than in males, but pregnancy status had no obvious influence on HbF level. Cut-off value of HbA2 for β-thalassemia carrier screening was obviously affected by gender but not by pregnancy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Han
- Department of Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, PR China; Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Han
- Department of Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, PR China; Medical college, Guizhou University, South Jiaxiu Road, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Bang-Quan An
- Department of Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, PR China.
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- Department of Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.83 East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, PR China; Medical college, Guizhou University, South Jiaxiu Road, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China.
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22
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Wang SY, Lin J, Huang L, Liu XM, Han YY, Han WP, An BQ, Li GF, Huang SW. [Effect of Blocking PYR Complex Binding to DNA Site by Peptide Nucleic Acid on γ-Globin Gene Expression]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2018; 26:871-874. [PMID: 29950235 DOI: 10.7534/j.issn.1009-2137.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of blocking polypyrimidine complex binding to DNA site by using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) on γ-globin gene expression. METHODS PYR-PNA, β-PNA and RS-PNA (random sequence-PNA) were designed and synthesized, then were transfected into K562 cells with the cationic liposome lipofectamine 2000 used as vector. The expression of γ-globin gene at both the transcriptional and translational level was detected by RT-PCR and the Western blot respectively at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after transfection with PNAs. RESULTS Compared with RS-PNA and control groups, the expression of γ-globin gene at mRNA and protein levels in PYR-PNA group was significantly up-regulated(P<0.05), especially at 48 h after tranfection, the levels of mRNA and protein in PYR-PNA group were increased by 2.0 and 2.5 times than those in control group, respectively. CONCLUSION PYR-PNA can significantly up-regulate the expression of γ-globin gene in K562 cells, this study may provide a new research idea for gene therapy of β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ying Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Laboratorial Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xing-Mei Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Han
- Department of Laboratorial Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wen-Ping Han
- Department of Laboratorial Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bang-Quan An
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Gui-Fang Li
- Department of Laboratorial Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- Department of Laboratorial Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China. E-mail:
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23
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Xu SX, Huang SW, Su GF. [The genetic factors of non-response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2018; 54:873-878. [PMID: 30440160 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment is variable. It is generally measured in terms of changes in correlated functional and/or anatomical outcomes, and patients are then classified as optimal response, poor response and non-response. The precise cause of non-response remains undetermined. A variety of factors could account for poor or non-response to anti-VEGF therapy, such as age, baseline vision, disease course, lesion characteristics and genomic polymorphism. At the present time, many studies on the genetic factors of non-response or poor response to anti-VEGF treatment mainly focus on VEGF genes (VEGF-A, VEGFR-2), complement factor H (CFH), age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (LOC387715/ARMS2), high temperature factor A-1 (HTRA1), interleukin-related gene (IL-8 rs4073) and so forth. It is still worthy of further investigations that how to assess genetic reasons for non-response or poor response, so that we can provide individualized treatment sequences and predict the response to anti-VEGF therapy. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54:873-878).
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Xu
- Eye Center of the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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24
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Lo CH, Wei JCC, Tsai CF, Li LC, Huang SW, Su CH. Syncope caused by complete heart block and ventricular arrhythmia as early manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in a pregnant patient: a case report. Lupus 2018; 27:1729-1731. [PMID: 29954280 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318782425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect all heart structures including the conduction system, with either reversible or permanent derangement. However, only a few cases of adult SLE and complete atrioventricular (AV) block have been reported. We describe a young pregnant woman who initially presented with complete AV block on electrocardiography before the diagnosis of SLE. Syncope subsequently developed during the postpartum period due to frequent nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, suggesting lupus myocarditis. The ventricular arrhythmia was successfully treated by intravenous corticosteroids, lidocaine and implantation of a permanent pacemaker. This may represent the first report of complete AV block with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, which was identified before the other clinical features of SLE fully manifested. SLE should be considered if a patient presents with complete AV block without other clinical features. It may warn for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of SLE including lupus-related heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lo
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - J C C Wei
- 2 Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C F Tsai
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,3 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - L C Li
- 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Da Chien General Hospital, Miao Li City, Taiwan
| | - S W Huang
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - C H Su
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,3 School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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25
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McCrohan MB, Huang SW, Sleasman JW, Klein PA, Kao KJ. Plasma Thrombospondin as an Indicator of Intravascular Platelet Activation in Patients with Vasculitis. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe use of plasma thrombospondin (TSP) concentration was investigated as an indicator of intravascular platelet activation. Patients (n = 20) with diseases that have known vasculitis were included in the study. The range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of patients with vasculitis were 117 ng/ml to 6500 ng/ml and 791±1412 ng/ml (mean ± SD); the range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of control individuals (n = 33) were 13 ng/ml to 137 ng/ml and 59±29 ng/ml. When plasma TSP concentrations were correlated with plasma concentrations of another platelet activation marker, β-thromboglobulin (P-TG), it was found that the TSP concentration inei eased exponentially as the plasma β-TG level rose. A positive correlation between plasma levels of plasma TSP and serum fibrin degradation products was also observed. The results suggest that platelets are the primary source of plasma TSP in patients with various vasculitis and that plasma TSP can be a better indicator than β-TG to assess intravascular platelet activation due to its longer circulation half life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B McCrohan
- The Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - S W Huang
- The Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - J W Sleasman
- The Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - P A Klein
- The Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - K J Kao
- The Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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26
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Huang SW, Lin HYH, Yang SF, Su YC. IgM- Kappa type multiple myeloma with simultaneous gastro-esophageal involvement simulating linitis plastica. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2018; 34:357-359. [PMID: 29747781 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wen Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hugo You-Hsien Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Fang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chung Su
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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27
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Langner MC, Roy S, Huang SW, Koralek JD, Chuang YD, Dakovski GL, Turner JJ, Robinson JS, Coffee RN, Minitti MP, Seki S, Tokura Y, Schoenlein RW. Nonlinear Ultrafast Spin Scattering in the Skyrmion Phase of Cu_{2}OSeO_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:107204. [PMID: 28949160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast x-ray scattering studies of the topological Skyrmion phase in Cu_{2}OSeO_{3} show the dynamics to be strongly dependent on the excitation energy and fluence. At high photon energies, where the electron-spin scattering cross section is relatively high, the excitation of the topological Skyrmion phase shows a nonlinear dependence on the excitation fluence, in contrast to the excitation of the conical phase which is linearly dependent on the excitation fluence. The excitation of the Skyrmion order parameter is nonlinear in the magnetic excitation resulting from scattering during electron-hole recombination, indicating different dominant scattering processes in the conical and Skyrmion phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Langner
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Roy
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California 94720, USA
| | - S W Huang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California 94720, USA
| | - J D Koralek
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y-D Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California 94720, USA
| | - G L Dakovski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J J Turner
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J S Robinson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R N Coffee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M P Minitti
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Seki
- RIKEN, Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Y Tokura
- RIKEN, Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - R W Schoenlein
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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28
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Yao BC, Rao YJ, Huang SW, Wu Y, Feng ZY, Choi C, Liu H, Qi HF, Duan XF, Peng GD, Wong CW. Graphene Q-switched distributed feedback fiber lasers with narrow linewidth approaching the transform limit. Opt Express 2017; 25:8202-8211. [PMID: 28380935 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.008202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A compact all-in-line graphene-based distributed feedback Bragg-grating fiber laser (GDFB-FL) with narrow linewidth of hundreds kHz is demonstrated and investigated in this study. Performing as an optical saturable absorber, graphene oscillates the initially kHz linewidth DFB-FL, and generates high-quality passively Q-switched pulses. Pumped with a 980 nm continuous-wave laser, the Q-switched GDFB-FL observes ~1 μs pulse durations, with pulse energies up to ~10 nJ and approaching the transform limit. The peak power is ~600 times higher than the original DFB-FL laser. By optimizing the cavity design and the graphene material, it is predicted that fast Q-switched pulses with more than MHz repetition rates and sub-100 ns pulse durations are achievable. Such transform-limited Q-switched GDFB-FLs with narrow linewidth of sub-MHz have long coherence length, good tunability, stability, compactness and robustness, with potential impact in optical coherent communications, metrology and sensing.
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29
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Huang SW, Wray LA, Jeng HT, Tra VT, Lee JM, Langner MC, Chen JM, Roy S, Chu YH, Schoenlein RW, Chuang YD, Lin JY. Selective interlayer ferromagnetic coupling between the Cu spins in YBa2Cu3O7-x grown on top of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16690. [PMID: 26573394 PMCID: PMC4648077 DOI: 10.1038/srep16690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies to date on ferromagnet/d-wave superconductor heterostructures focus mainly on the effects at or near the interfaces while the response of bulk properties to heterostructuring is overlooked. Here we use resonant soft x-ray scattering spectroscopy to reveal a novel c-axis ferromagnetic coupling between the in-plane Cu spins in YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) superconductor when it is grown on top of ferromagnetic La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO) manganite layer. This coupling, present in both normal and superconducting states of YBCO, is sensitive to the interfacial termination such that it is only observed in bilayers with MnO2 but not with La0.7Ca0.3O interfacial termination. Such contrasting behaviors, we propose, are due to distinct energetic of CuO chain and CuO2 plane at the La0.7Ca0.3O and MnO2 terminated interfaces respectively, therefore influencing the transfer of spin-polarized electrons from manganite to cuprate differently. Our findings suggest that the superconducting/ferromagnetic bilayers with proper interfacial engineering can be good candidates for searching the theorized Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state in cuprates and studying the competing quantum orders in highly correlated electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Huang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - L Andrew Wray
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, New York University, New York, 10003, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Horng-Tay Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - V T Tra
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - J M Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - M C Langner
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J M Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S Roy
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Y H Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - R W Schoenlein
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Y-D Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J-Y Lin
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Lim MCY, Wang YF, Huang SW, Yang JY, Wang JR. High Incidence of Mammalian Orthoreovirus Identified by Environmental Surveillance in Taiwan. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142745. [PMID: 26555962 PMCID: PMC4640864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild poliovirus (WPV) persists in diverse locales worldwide, spreading outward from endemic areas. In response to the international threat of WPV transmission and changes in the national vaccination policy, we established an environmental surveillance system to monitor the circulation of wild and vaccine-related poliovirus in Taiwan. From July 2012 to December 2013, we collected sewage specimens every month from 10 sewage treatment plants located throughout Taiwan. The specimens were concentrated by the two-phase separation method and then inoculated into L20B, RD, and A549 cells for virus isolation. Viral isolates were identified and serotyped by immunofluorescence assay or molecular analysis. A total of 300 sewage samples were collected, and the results showed 163 samples (54.3%) were positive for virus, and 268 isolates were identified. Among these, 75 samples (25%) were positive for enterovirus (EV), but no poliovirus was found. In addition, 92 isolates were identified as enteroviruses and the most common serotypes were coxsackievirus B4, coxsackievirus B3, and coxsackievirus B2. Interestingly, 102 (34%) and 82 (27.3%) specimens were positive for mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) and adenovirus, respectively. This study confirmed that sewage surveillance can be a useful additional modality for monitoring the possible presence of wild-type or vaccine-derived poliovirus in wastewater, and can indicate the current types of viruses circulating in the population. Furthermore, since MRV was found in children with acute necrotizing encephalopathy and meningitis, the high incidence of MRV detected by environmental surveillance warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Y. Lim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Wang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Yuan Yang
- Center for Research, Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Huang SW, Lien JC, Kuo SC, Huang TF. PPemd26, an anthraquinone derivative, suppresses angiogenesis via inhibiting VEGFR2 signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:5728-42. [PMID: 25091695 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiogenesis contributes to coronary heart disease, immune disorders and numerous malignancies. VEGF-A and its receptors (VEGFRs) play a pivotal role in regulating angiogenesis. In an effort to discover more effective inhibitors of tumour angiogenesis, we have analysed the actions of a novel anthraquinone derivative, PPemd26, and explored its anti-angiogenic mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of PPemd26 were evaluated in vitro using HUVEC cultures to assess proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation. Immunoblotting was used to analyse phosphorylation of signalling kinases. Effects in vivo were assayed using Matrigel plug and xenograft mouse models. KEY RESULTS PPemd26 significantly inhibited VEGF-A-induced proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation of HUVECs. PPemd26 also attenuated VEGF-A-induced microvessel sprouting from rat aortic rings ex vivo and suppressed formation of new blood vessels in implanted Matrigel plugs in models of angiogenesis in vivo. In addition, PPemd26 inhibited VEGF-A-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and its downstream protein kinases including Akt, focal adhesion kinase, ERK and Src. Furthermore, systemic administration of PPemd26 suppressed the growth of s.c. xenografts of human colon carcinoma in vivo. Histochemical analysis of the xenografts revealed a marked reduction in stainingfor the vascular marker CD31 and proliferation marker Ki-67. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study provides evidence that PPemd26 suppressed tumour angiogenesis through inhibiting VEGFR2 signalling pathways, suggesting that PPemd26 is a potential drug candidate for developing anti-angiogenic agents for the treatment of cancer and angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang SW, Xu Y, Liu XM, Zhou M, Li GF, An BQ, Su L, Wu X, Lin J. The Prevalence and Spectrum of α-Thalassemia in Guizhou Province of South China. Hemoglobin 2015; 39:260-3. [DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2015.1041037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Su PY, Wang YF, Huang SW, Lo YC, Wang YH, Wu SR, Shieh DB, Chen SH, Wang JR, Lai MD, Chang CF. Cell surface nucleolin facilitates enterovirus 71 binding and infection. J Virol 2015; 89:4527-38. [PMID: 25673703 PMCID: PMC4442404 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03498-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Because the pathogenesis of enterovirus 71 (EV71) remains mostly ambiguous, identifying the factors that mediate viral binding and entry to host cells is indispensable to ultimately uncover the mechanisms that underlie virus infection and pathogenesis. Despite the identification of several receptors/attachment molecules for EV71, the binding, entry, and infection mechanisms of EV71 remain unclear. Herein, we employed glycoproteomic approaches to identify human nucleolin as a novel binding receptor for EV71. Glycoproteins purified by lectin chromatography from the membrane extraction of human cells were treated with sialidase, followed by immunoprecipitation with EV71 particles. Among the 16 proteins identified by tandem mass spectrometry analysis, cell surface nucleolin attracted our attention. We found that EV71 interacted directly with nucleolin via the VP1 capsid protein and that an antinucleolin antibody reduced the binding of EV71 to human cells. In addition, the knockdown of cell surface nucleolin decreased EV71 binding, infection, and production in human cells. Furthermore, the expression of human nucleolin on the cell surface of a mouse cell line increased EV71 binding and conferred EV71 infection and production in the cells. These results strongly indicate that human nucleolin can mediate EV71 binding to and infection of cells. Our findings also demonstrate that the use of glycoproteomic approaches is a reliable methodology to discover novel receptors for pathogens. IMPORTANCE Outbreaks of EV71 have been reported in Asia-Pacific countries and have caused thousands of deaths in young children during the last 2 decades. The discovery of new EV71-interacting molecules to understand the infection mechanism has become an emergent issue. Hence, this study uses glycoproteomic approaches to comprehensively investigate the EV71-interacting glycoproteins. Several EV71-interacting glycoproteins are identified, and the role of cell surface nucleolin in mediating the attachment and entry of EV71 is characterized and validated. Our findings not only indicate a novel target for uncovering the EV71 infection mechanism and anti-EV71 drug discovery but also provide a new strategy for virus receptor identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Su
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Fang Wang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chih Lo
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shang-Rung Wu
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Dar-Bin Shieh
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Der Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Fa Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Windsor YW, Huang SW, Hu Y, Rettig L, Alberca A, Shimamoto K, Scagnoli V, Lippert T, Schneider CW, Staub U. Multiferroic properties of o-LuMnO3 controlled by b-axis strain. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:167202. [PMID: 25361276 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.167202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Strain is a leading candidate for controlling magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroics. Here, we use x-ray diffraction to study the coupling between magnetic order and structural distortion in epitaxial films of the orthorhombic (o-) perovskite LuMnO(3). An antiferromagnetic spin canting in the E-type magnetic structure is shown to be related to the ferroelectrically induced structural distortion and to a change in the magnetic propagation vector. By comparing films of different orientations and thicknesses, these quantities are found to be controlled by b-axis strain. It is shown that compressive strain destabilizes the commensurate E-type structure and reduces its accompanying ferroelectric distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Windsor
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S W Huang
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Y Hu
- General Energy Research Department, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - L Rettig
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Alberca
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Shimamoto
- General Energy Research Department, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V Scagnoli
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lippert
- General Energy Research Department, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C W Schneider
- General Energy Research Department, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - U Staub
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Abstract
Leaf-streak symptoms were observed on rice (Oryza sativa L.) starting at the booting stage through harvest in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2012. Based on Fuyang County, only 15% of the rice fields were estimated to show these symptoms. However, incidence could be 40 to 80% when the rice got infected. Typical symptoms started as green water-soaked streaks from the tip or edge of leaf blades, similar to bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae. Infected leaves turned yellow, then eventually became wilted and dry. No bacterial streaming was observed and no bacteria were isolated. Pieces of infected leaf tissue were surface sterilized using 0.1% (v/v) mercuric chloride, rinsed with sterilized water, then placed on water agar (WA). After 2 or 3 days on WA at 28°C, only fungal growth was observed from surface sterilized tissues. Fungi were isolated, purified by single spore separation process, and subcultured to potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. Growing on PDA, the surface of the colony was circular, fluffy, and shiny velvety-black, whereas the under surface was dark Prussian blue. Conidiophores were single or fascicled, brown to dark brown, rarely branched, multiseptate, and straight or often geniculate near the apex. Conidia were brown, smooth, fusiform, geniculate or hook-shaped, 17.5 to 28.5 × 8.5 to 14.0 μm, and 3-septate, with the third cell from the base larger and darker than the others. Molecular identification was performed by analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). The rDNA-ITS region was amplified with primer pair ITS1 and ITS4 (5), sequenced, and deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC462186). The sequence of rDNA-ITS (KC462186) showed 100% identity with Cochliobolus lunatus R.R. Nelson & Haasis (JN943422) after BLAST. Based on the results of morphological and molecular analyses, the fungus isolated from infected leaves was identified as C. lunatus (anamorph: Curvularia lunata (Wakk.) Boedijn) (3). Pathogenicity tests were conducted three times by spraying a conidial suspension (1 × 105 spores/ml) with 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20 on 12 healthy rice plants at late tillering stage. The same number of the healthy rice plants sprayed with sterilized water with 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20 were used as control. All plants were kept at 30°C and 75 to 85% relative humidity (RH) under a 12-h light/dark rotation. About 5 to 7 days after inoculation, green water-soaked streaks began to appear on inoculated plants. From 7 to 14 days after inoculation, the lesions developed quickly and the leaves began to wilt. After 14 days, inoculated plants showed symptoms similar to those originally observed in the field, while control plants (sprayed with sterilized water) remained healthy. C. lunatus was re-isolated from all inoculated plants, and re-identified by the same methods (morphological and molecular methods) as described above, thereby satisfying Koch's postulates, and confirming C. lunatus as the cause of the disease. C. lunatus is a pathogen of a wide range of plants and is common in paddy environments. It was reported as one of the causal agents of black kernel of rice (4) and rice spikelet rot disease (SRD) (1,2). The level of incidence observed in the affected fields suggest that this disease could potentially cause major losses under favorable weather conditions if susceptible cultivars are grown. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. lunatus causing leaf blight of rice in China. References: (1) S. W. Huang et al. Crop Prot. 30:1, 2011. (2) S. W. Huang et al. Crop Prot. 30:10, 2011. (3) D. S. Manamgoda et al. Fungal Divers. 51:3. (4) S. H. Ou. Rice diseases [M]. CABI, 1985. (5) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: a Guide to Methods and Application. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Liu
- China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - S W Huang
- China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - L Wang
- China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - E Q Hou
- China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - D F Xiao
- China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI), Hangzhou 310006, China
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Huang SW, Cheng HL, Hsieh HY, Chang CL, Tsai HP, Kuo PH, Wang SM, Liu CC, Su IJ, Wang JR. Mutations in the non-structural protein region contribute to intra-genotypic evolution of enterovirus 71. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:33. [PMID: 24766641 PMCID: PMC4021180 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical manifestations of enterovirus 71 (EV71) range from herpangina, hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), to severe neurological complications. Unlike the situation of switching genotypes seen in EV71 outbreaks during 1998–2008 in Taiwan, genotype B5 was responsible for two large outbreaks in 2008 and 2012, respectively. In China, by contrast, EV71 often persists as a single genotype in the population and causes frequent outbreaks. To investigate genetic changes in viral evolution, complete EV71 genome sequences were used to analyze the intra-genotypic evolution pattern in Taiwan, China, and the Netherlands. Results Genotype B5 was predominant in Taiwan’s 2008 outbreak and was re-emergent in 2012. EV71 strains from both outbreaks were phylogenetically segregated into two lineages containing fourteen non-synonymous substitutions predominantly in the non-structural protein coding region. In China, genotype C4 was first seen in 1998 and caused the latest large outbreak in 2008. Unlike shifting genotypes in Taiwan, genotype C4 persisted with progressive drift through time. A majority of non-synonymous mutations occurred in residues located in the non-structural coding region, showing annual increases. Interestingly, genotype B1/B2 in the Netherlands showed another stepwise evolution with dramatic EV71 activity increase in 1986. Phylogeny of the VP1 coding region in 1971–1986 exhibited similar lineage turnover with genotype C4 in China; however, phylogeny of the 3D-encoding region indicated separate lineage appearing after 1983, suggesting that the 3D-encoding region of genotype B2 was derived from an unidentified ancestor that contributed to intra-genotypic evolution in the Netherlands. Conclusions Unlike VP1 coding sequences long used for phylogenetic study of enteroviruses due to expected host immune escape, our study emphasizes a dominant role of non-synonymous mutations in non-structural protein regions that contribute to (re-)emergent genotypes in continuous stepwise evolution. Dozens of amino acid substitutions, especially in non-structural proteins, were identified via genetic changes driven through intra-genotypic evolution worldwide. These identified substitutions appeared to increase viral fitness in the population, affording valuable insights not only for viral evolution but also for prevention, control, and vaccine against EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Lai CH, Fung HS, Wu WB, Huang HY, Fu HW, Lin SW, Huang SW, Chiu CC, Wang DJ, Huang LJ, Tseng TC, Chung SC, Chen CT, Huang DJ. Highly efficient beamline and spectrometer for inelastic soft X-ray scattering at high resolution. J Synchrotron Radiat 2014; 21:325-332. [PMID: 24562553 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577513030877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The design, construction and commissioning of a beamline and spectrometer for inelastic soft X-ray scattering at high resolution in a highly efficient system are presented. Based on the energy-compensation principle of grating dispersion, the design of the monochromator-spectrometer system greatly enhances the efficiency of measurement of inelastic soft X-rays scattering. Comprising two bendable gratings, the set-up effectively diminishes the defocus and coma aberrations. At commissioning, this system showed results of spin-flip, d-d and charge-transfer excitations of NiO. These results are consistent with published results but exhibit improved spectral resolution and increased efficiency of measurement. The best energy resolution of the set-up in terms of full width at half-maximum is 108 meV at an incident photon energy tuned about the Ni L3-edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - H S Fung
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - W B Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - H Y Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - H W Fu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S W Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S W Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - C C Chiu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - D J Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - L J Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - T C Tseng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - S C Chung
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - C T Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - D J Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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Linsuwanon P, Puenpa J, Huang SW, Wang YF, Mauleekoonphairoj J, Wang JR, Poovorawan Y. Epidemiology and seroepidemiology of human enterovirus 71 among Thai populations. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:16. [PMID: 24548776 PMCID: PMC3937078 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an important pathogen caused large outbreaks in Asian-Pacific region with severe neurological complications and may lead to death in young children. Understanding of the etiological spectrum and epidemic changes of enterovirus and population’s immunity against EV71 are crucial for the implementation of future therapeutic and prophylactic intervention. Results A total of 1,182 patients who presented with the symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease (67.3%) or herpangina (HA) (16.7%) and admitted to the hospitals during 2008-2013 were tested for enterovirus using pan-enterovirus PCR targeting 5′-untranslated region and specific PCR for viral capsid protein 1 gene. Overall, 59.7% were pan-enterovirus positive comprising 9.1% EV71 and 31.2% coxsackievirus species A (CV-A) including 70.5% CV-A6, 27.6% CV-A16, 1.1% CV-A10, and 0.8% CV-A5. HFMD and HA occurred endemically during 2008-2011. The number of cases increased dramatically in June 2012 with the percentage of the recently emerged CV-A6 significantly rose to 28.4%. Co-circulation between different EV71 genotypes was observed during the outbreak. Total of 161 sera obtained from healthy individuals were tested for neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against EV71 subgenotype B5 (EV71-B5) using microneutralization assay. The seropositive rate of EV71-B5 was 65.8%. The age-adjusted seroprevalence for individuals was found to be lowest in children aged >6 months to 2 years (42.5%). The seropositive rate remained relatively low in preschool children aged > 2 years to 6 years (48.3%) and thereafter increased sharply to more than 80% in individuals aged > 6 years. Conclusions This study describes longitudinal data reflecting changing patterns of enterovirus prevalence over 6 years and demonstrates high seroprevalences of EV71-B5 NAb among Thai individuals. The rate of EV71 seropositive increased with age but without gender-specific significant difference. We identified that relative lower EV71 seropositive rate in early 2012 may demonstrate widely presented of EV71-B5 in the population before account for a large outbreak scale epidemic occurred in 2012 with due to a relatively high susceptibility of the younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Huang SW, Liu XM, Li GF, Su L, Wu X, Wang RL. Spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations in Guizhou Province, PR China, including first observation of codon 121 (GAA>TAA) in Chinese population. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1865-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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O'Donnell M, Wei CW, Xia J, Pelivanov I, Jia C, Huang SW, Hu X, Gao X. Can molecular imaging enable personalized diagnostics? An example using magnetomotive photoacoustic imaging. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 41:2237-47. [PMID: 23982280 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The advantages of photoacoustic (PA) imaging, including low cost, non-ionizing operation, and sub-mm spatial resolution at centimeters depth, make it a promising modality to probe nanoparticle-targeted abnormalities in real time at cellular and molecular levels. However, detecting rare cell types in a heterogeneous background with strong optical scattering and absorption remains a big challenge. For example, differentiating circulating tumor cells in vivo (typically fewer than 10 cells/mL for an active tumor) among billions of erythrocytes in the blood is nearly impossible. In this paper, a newly developed technique, magnetomotive photoacoustic (mmPA) imaging, which can greatly increase the sensitivity and specificity of sensing targeted cells or molecular interactions, is reviewed. Its primary advantage is suppression of background signals through magnetic enrichment/manipulation with simultaneous PA detection of magnetic contrast agent targeted objects. Results from phantom and in vitro studies demonstrate the capability of mmPA imaging to differentiate regions targeted with magnetic nanoparticles from the background, and to trap and sensitively detect targeted cells at a concentration of a single cell per milliliter in a flow system mimicking a human peripheral artery. This technique provides an example of the ways in which molecular imaging can potentially enable robust molecular diagnosis and treatment, and accelerate the translation of molecular medicine into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O'Donnell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720, 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA,
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Wei CW, Xia J, Pelivanov I, Jia C, Huang SW, Hu X, Gao X, O’Donnell M. Magnetomotive photoacoustic imaging: in vitro studies of magnetic trapping with simultaneous photoacoustic detection of rare circulating tumor cells. J Biophotonics 2013; 6:513-22. [PMID: 23420803 PMCID: PMC3705769 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has been demonstrated to be a promising modality in molecular imaging for detection of nanoparticle-targeted diseased cells or tissues. However, intrinsic absorbers, such as blood, produce strong PA background signals that severely degrade the detection sensitivity and specificity of targeted objects. Magnetomotive photoacoustic (mmPA) imaging, a newly developed molecular imaging modality, introduced dynamic manipulation into traditional PA imaging. Unlike conventional PA imaging, magnetomotive manipulation with simultaneous ultrasound/PA imaging of agents incorporating magnetic nanoparticles enables direct visualization of the signal generating object and can dramatically reduce background signals from strong optical absorbers. This paper briefly reviews recent developments in mmPA imaging, including uses of composite contrast agent, design of magnet system, and data processing for motion filtering. The use of mmPA imaging in detecting rare circulating tumor cells in blood vessels, which remains a big challenge for real-time in vivo examination using current methodologies, was also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-wei Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720, 15th AVE NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jinjun Xia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720, 15th AVE NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ivan Pelivanov
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720, 15th AVE NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Physics Faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, bld.2, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Congxian Jia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720, 15th AVE NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720, 15th AVE NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoge Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720, 15th AVE NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720, 15th AVE NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Matthew O’Donnell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720, 15th AVE NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Corresponding author: , Phone: 206-543-1829, FAX: 206-685-066
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42
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Garganourakis M, Scagnoli V, Huang SW, Staub U, Wadati H, Nakamura M, Guzenko VA, Kawasaki M, Tokura Y. Imprinting magnetic information in manganites with x rays. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:157203. [PMID: 23102361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.157203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of x rays on an orbital and charge ordered epitaxial film of a Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 is presented. As the film is exposed to x rays, the antiferromagnetic response increases and concomitantly the conductivity of the film improve. These results are discussed in terms of a persistent x-ray induced doping, leading to a modification of the magnetic structure. This effect allows writing electronic and magnetic information in the film and represents a novel way of manipulating magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garganourakis
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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43
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Su PY, Liu YT, Chang HY, Huang SW, Wang YF, Yu CK, Wang JR, Chang CF. Cell surface sialylation affects binding of enterovirus 71 to rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma cells. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:162. [PMID: 22853823 PMCID: PMC3478995 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a major causative agent of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), and infection of EV71 to central nerve system (CNS) may result in a high mortality in children less than 2 years old. Although there are two highly glycosylated membrane proteins, SCARB2 and PSGL-1, which have been identified as the cellular and functional receptors of EV71, the role of glycosylation in EV71 infection is still unclear. RESULTS We demonstrated that the attachment of EV71 to RD and SK-N-SH cells was diminished after the removal of cell surface sialic acids by neuraminidase. Sialic acid specific lectins, Maackia amurensis (MAA) and Sambucus Nigra (SNA), could compete with EV71 and restrained the binding of EV71 significantly. Preincubation of RD cells with fetuin also reduced the binding of EV71. In addition, we found that SCARB2 was a sialylated glycoprotein and interaction between SCARB2 and EV71 was retarded after desialylation. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that cell surface sialic acids assist in the attachment of EV71 to host cells. Cell surface sialylation should be a key regulator that facilitates the binding and infection of EV71 to RD and SK-N-SH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Su
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Tung Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Blood Bank, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No. 386, Ta-Chung 1st Road, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yueh Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Keung Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- National Applied Research Laboratories, National Laboratory Animal Center, No. 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Fa Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Lovesey SW, Knight KS, Detlefs C, Huang SW, Scagnoli V, Staub U. Acentric magnetic and optical properties of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2). J Phys Condens Matter 2012; 24:216001. [PMID: 22534165 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/21/216001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The absence of spatial inversion symmetry at both local (point group 4) and global (crystal class (4)2m) levels greatly influences the electronic properties of chalcopyrite (CuFeS(2)). The predicted dichroic signals (natural circular, non-reciprocal and magneto-chiral) and resonant, parity-odd Bragg diffraction patterns at space-group forbidden reflections portray the uncommon, acentric symmetry. Despite extensive experimental investigations over several decades, by mineralogists, chemists and physicists, there is no consensus view about the electrical and magnetic properties of chalcopyrite. New spectroscopic and diffraction data, gathered at various temperatures in the vicinity of the copper and iron L(2,3) edges, provide necessary confidence in the magnetic motif used in our analytic simulations of x-ray scattering. With the sample held at 10 and 65 K, our data establish beyond reasonable doubt that there is no valence transition, and ordering of the copper moments as the origin of the low-temperature phase (T(c) ≈ 53 K) is ruled out.
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45
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Huang SW, Chiang PN, Liu JC, Hung JT, Kuan WH, Tzou YM, Wang SL, Huang JH, Chen CC, Wang MK, Loeppert RH. Chromate reduction on humic acid derived from a peat soil--exploration of the activated sites on HAs for chromate removal. Chemosphere 2012; 87:587-94. [PMID: 22309710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances are a major component of soil organic matter that influence the behavior and fate of heavy metals such as Cr(VI), a toxic and carcinogenic element. In the study, a repetitive extraction technique was used to fractionate humic acids (HAs) from a peat soil into three fractions (denoted as F1, F2, and F3), and the relative importance of O-containing aromatic and aliphatic domains in humic substances for scavenging Cr(VI) was addressed at pH 1. Spectroscopic analyses indicated that the concentrations of aromatic C and O-containing functional groups decreased with a progressive extraction as follows: F1>F2>F3. Cr(VI) removal by HA proceeded slowly, but it was enhanced when light was applied due to the production of efficient reductants, such as superoxide radical and H(2)O(2), for Cr(VI). Higher aromatic- and O-containing F1 fraction exhibited a greater efficiency for Cr(VI) reduction (with a removal rate of ca. 2.89 mmol g(-1) HA under illumination for 3 h). (13)C NMR and FTIR spectra further demonstrated that the carboxyl groups were primarily responsible for Cr(VI) reduction. This study implied the mobility and fate of Cr(VI) would be greatly inhibited in the environments containing such organic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Huang
- Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, TW 40227, Taiwan, ROC
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Cheng LW, Huang SW, Huang LM, Chang LY, Shao PL, Kiang D, Wang JR. Comparison of neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody responses for evaluating the seasonal influenza vaccine. J Virol Methods 2012; 182:43-9. [PMID: 22433514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of the efficacy of influenza vaccines is essential for vaccine development. This study evaluated the neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibition antibody response in subjects receiving the 2006-07 and 2007-08 seasonal influenza vaccines. ELISA-based microneutralization demonstrated a greater mean-fold increase and seroconversion rate than the hemagglutination-inhibition assay. The increase in the antibody titers against influenza H1 were higher than those against influenza H3 and influenza B, indicating that the H1 vaccine strain in the 2006-07 and 2007-08 seasons was more immunogenic. These data suggest that the neutralizing antibody response is a better measurement of influenza vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Cheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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47
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Cai JX, Zhou YB, Huang SW, Le DL, Hu HX, Li GP, Guo FY, Yi P. [Endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Donggou Village, a surveillance site, in Huarong County from 2005 to 2010]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2012; 24:106-107. [PMID: 22590882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
From 2005 to 2010, the infection rates of schistosomiasis among residents (above 6 years old) were 13.34%, 9.59%, 4.81%, 3.03%, 2.35% and 2.19%, respectively. The positive rates of schistosomiasis among domestic animals fluctuated from 2.50% to 25.92%. Oncomelania snails were not found inside embankment since 1980, yet a high density of infected snails was found at low and uneven areas outside embankment. The cattle were the main infectious source and we should strengthen the administration and control of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Cai
- Huarong County Office of Leading Group for Schistosomiasis Control, Hunan Province, Huarong 414200, China
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48
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Huang SW, Wang YF, Yu CK, Su IJ, Wang JR. Mutations in VP2 and VP1 capsid proteins increase infectivity and mouse lethality of enterovirus 71 by virus binding and RNA accumulation enhancement. Virology 2012; 422:132-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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49
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Chen SY, Huang SW, Chiang PN, Liu JC, Kuan WH, Huang JH, Hung JT, Tzou YM, Chen CC, Wang MK. Influence of chemical compositions and molecular weights of humic acids on Cr(VI) photo-reduction. J Hazard Mater 2011; 197:337-344. [PMID: 22001571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Humic acids (HA) strongly affect the fate of trace metals in soils and aquatic environments. One of the remarkable properties of HA is its ability to reduce Cr(VI), an extremely toxic anion. However, it is unclear which HA components are involved in Cr(VI) reduction and possess the photo-induced properties. In this study, an ultrafiltration technique was used to fractionate HAs into four fractions of different nominal molecular weights (M(w)): >100, 50-100, 10-50 and <10 kDa. Each HA fraction was characterized by spectroscopic analyses followed by examining Cr(VI) removal on each fraction of HA at pH 1-5. Spectroscopic results indicated that low-M(w) HA was enriched with polar and aromatic domains. These polar, including polar C in aliphatic region, and aromatic groups were the major sites for Cr(VI) reduction because they disappeared rapidly upon interaction with Cr(VI). As a result, low M(w) of HA exhibited greater efficiency of Cr(VI) reduction. Light induced the rapid transfer of electrons between chromate-phenol/carboxyl ester, or the formation of peroxide radicals or H(2)O(2) through the ready decay of peroxy radicals associated with polar substituents, explained the rapid scavenging of Cr(VI) on polar and aromatic groups of HAs under illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chen
- Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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50
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Abstract
Thermal strain imaging (TSI) or temporal strain imaging is an ultrasound application that exploits the temperature dependence of sound speed to create thermal (temporal) strain images. This article provides an overview of the field of TSI for biomedical applications that have appeared in the literature over the past several years. Basic theory in thermal strain is introduced. Two major energy sources appropriate for clinical applications are discussed. Promising biomedical applications are presented throughout the paper, including non-invasive thermometry and tissue characterization. We present some of the limitations and complications of the method. The paper concludes with a discussion of competing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Shi
- Philips Research, Briarcliff Manor, NY, USA
| | | | - Kang Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew O'Donnell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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