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Kommineni N, Sainaga Jyothi VGS, Butreddy A, Raju S, Shapira T, Khan W, Angsantikul P, Domb AJ. SNAC for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability: An Updated Review. Pharm Res 2023; 40:633-650. [PMID: 36539668 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of proteins and peptides via an oral route poses numerous challenges to improve the oral bioavailability and patient compliance. To overcome these challenges, as well as to improve the permeation of proteins and peptides via intestinal mucosa, several chemicals have been studied such as surfactants, fatty acids, bile salts, pH modifiers, and chelating agents, amongst these medium chain fatty acid like C10 (sodium caprate) and Sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate (SNAC) and its derivatives that have been well studied from a clinical perspective. This current review enumerates the challenges involved in protein and peptide delivery via the oral route, i.e., non-invasive routes of protein and peptide administration. This review also covers the chemistry behind SNAC and toxicity as well as mechanisms to enhance the oral delivery of clinically proven molecules like simaglutide and other small molecules under clinical development, as well as other permeation enhancers for efficient delivery of proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagavendra Kommineni
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Vaskuri G S Sainaga Jyothi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Arun Butreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Saka Raju
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tovi Shapira
- School of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem Campus, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wahid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Natco Research Centre, NATCO Pharma Limited, Hyderabad, 500018, India
| | - Pavimol Angsantikul
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Abraham J Domb
- School of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem Campus, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
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2
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Chia JSM, Wall ES, Wee CL, Rowland TAJ, Cheng RK, Cheow K, Guillemin K, Jesuthasan S. Bacteria evoke alarm behaviour in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3831. [PMID: 31444339 PMCID: PMC6707203 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When injured, fish release an alarm substance (Schreckstoff) that elicits fear in members of their shoal. Although Schreckstoff has been proposed to be produced by club cells in the skin, several observations indicate that these giant cells function primarily in immunity. Previous data indicate that the alarm substance can be isolated from mucus. Here we show that mucus, as well as bacteria, are transported from the external surface into club cells, by cytoplasmic transfer or invasion of cells, including neutrophils. The presence of bacteria inside club cells raises the possibility that the alarm substance may contain a bacterial component. Indeed, lysate from a zebrafish Staphylococcus isolate is sufficient to elicit alarm behaviour, acting in concert with a substance from fish. These results suggest that Schreckstoff, which allows one individual to unwittingly change the emotional state of the surrounding population, derives from two kingdoms and is associated with processes that protect the host from bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Shu Ming Chia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elena S Wall
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Thomas A J Rowland
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- St. Edmund Hall, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruey-Kuang Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kathleen Cheow
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Suresh Jesuthasan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Oldenkamp HF, Vela Ramirez JE, Peppas NA. Re-evaluating the importance of carbohydrates as regenerative biomaterials. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:1-12. [PMID: 30740237 PMCID: PMC6362819 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rby023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi F Oldenkamp
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Julia E Vela Ramirez
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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4
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Çelebioğlu HY, Lee S, Chronakis IS. Interactions of salivary mucins and saliva with food proteins: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:64-83. [PMID: 30632771 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1512950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are long glycoprotein molecules responsible for the gel nature of the mucous layer that covers epithelial surfaces throughout the body. Mucins, as the major salivary proteins, are also important proteins for the food oral processing and digestion. The interactions of salivary mucins and saliva with several food proteins and food protein emulsions, as well as their functional properties related to the food oral processing were reviewed in this paper. The target food proteins of focus were whey proteins (lactoferrin and beta-lactoglobulin) and non-whey proteins (casein, gelatin, galectin/lectin, and proline-rich proteins). Most of the studies suggest that electrostatic attraction (between positively charged food proteins with negatively charged moieties of mucin mainly on glycosylated region of mucin) is the major mode of interaction between them. On the other hand, casein attracts the salivary proteins only via non-covalent interactions due to its naturally self-assembled micellar structure. Moreover, recent studies related to β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-mucin interactions have clarified the importance of hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic interactions, such as hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, in vitro studies between protein emulsions and saliva observed a strong aggregating effect of saliva on caseinate and whey proteins as well as on surfactant-stabilized emulsions. Besides, the sign and the density of the charge on the surface of the protein emulsion droplets contribute significantly to the behavior of the emulsion when mixed with saliva. Other studies also suggested that the interactions between saliva and whey proteins depends on the pH in addition to the flow rate of the saliva. Overall, the role of interactions of food proteins and food protein emulsions with mucin/saliva-proteins in the oral perception, as well as the physicochemical and structural changes of proteins were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Y Çelebioğlu
- Nano-BioScience Research Group, DTU-Food, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ioannis S Chronakis
- Nano-BioScience Research Group, DTU-Food, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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5
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Azevedo C, Macedo MH, Sarmento B. Strategies for the enhanced intracellular delivery of nanomaterials. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:944-959. [PMID: 28919437 PMCID: PMC7108348 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular delivery of nanomaterials and drugs has been attracting increasing research interest, mainly because of their important effects and functions in several organelles. Targeting specific organelles can help treat or decrease the symptoms of diabetes, cancer, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Tuning biological and chemical properties enables the creation of functionalized nanomaterials with enhanced intracellular uptake, ability to escape premature lysosome degradation, and to reach a specific target. Here, we provide an update of recent advances in the intracellular delivery mechanisms that could help drugs reach their target more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Azevedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Macedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
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6
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Calderon LE, Keeling JK, Rollins J, Black CA, Collins K, Arnold N, Vance DE, Ndinguri MW. Pt-Mal-LHRH, a Newly Synthesized Compound Attenuating Breast Cancer Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Targeting Overexpression of the LHRH Receptor. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 28:461-470. [PMID: 27997127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new targeting chemotherapeutic agent, Pt-Mal-LHRH, was synthesized by linking activated cisplatin to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). The compound's efficacy and selectivity toward 4T1 breast cancer cells were evaluated. Carboplatin was selected as the comparative platinum complex, since the Pt-Mal-LHRH malonate linker chelates platinum in a similar manner to carboplatin. Breast cancer and normal cell viability were analyzed by an MTT assay comparing Pt-Mal-LHRH with carboplatin. Cells were also treated with either Pt-Mal-LHRH or carboplatin to evaluate platinum uptake by ICP-MS and cell migration using an in vitro scratch-migration assay. Tumor volume and metastasis were evaluated using an in vivo 4T1 mouse tumor model. Mice were administered Pt-Mal-LHRH (carboplatin molar equivalent dosage) through ip injection and compared to those treated with carboplatin (5 (mg/kg)/week), no treatment, and LHRH plus carboplatin (unbound) controls. An MTT assay showed a reduction in cell viability (p < 0.01) in 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with Pt-Mal-LHRH compared to carboplatin. Pt-Mal-LHRH was confirmed to be cytotoxic by flow cytometry using a propidium iodide stain. Pt-Mal-LHRH displayed a 20-fold increase in 4T1 cellular uptake compared to carboplatin. There was a decrease (p < 0.0001) in 4T1 cell viability compared to 3T3 normal fibroblast cells. Treatment with Pt-Mal-LHRH also resulted in a significant decrease in cell-migration compared to carboplatin. In vivo testing found a significant reduction in tumor volume (p < 0.05) and metastatic tumor colonization in the lungs with Pt-Mal-LHRH compared to carboplatin. There was a slight decrease in lung weight and no difference in liver weight between treatment groups. Together, our data indicate that Pt-Mal-LHRH is a more potent and selective chemotherapeutic agent than untargeted carboplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Calderon
- Department of Biology, Eastern Kentucky University , Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Jonathan K Keeling
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University , Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Joseph Rollins
- Department of Biology, Eastern Kentucky University , Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Carrie A Black
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University , Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Kendall Collins
- Department of Biology, Eastern Kentucky University , Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Nova Arnold
- Department of Biology, Eastern Kentucky University , Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Diane E Vance
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University , Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
| | - Margaret W Ndinguri
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University , Richmond, Kentucky 40475, United States
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7
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Bomba H, Gu Z. Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of Therapeutics for Diabetes Treatment. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:323-337. [PMID: 29147685 PMCID: PMC5685194 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic therapeutics, including insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), are essential for diabetic patients to regulate blood glucose levels. However, conventional treatments that are based on subcutaneous injections are often associated with poor glucose control and a lack of patient compliance. In this review, we focus on the different stimuli-responsive systems to deliver therapeutics for diabetes treatment to improve patient comfort and prevent complications. Specifically, the pH-responsive systems for oral drug delivery are introduced first. Then, the closed-loop glucose-responsive systems are summarized based on different glucose-responsive moieties, including glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose binding protein (GBP), and phenylboronic acid (PBA). Finally, the on-demand delivery systems activated by external remote triggers are also discussed. We conclude by discussing advantages and limitations of current strategies, as well as future opportunities and challenges in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Yu
- Joint Dept. of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Joint Dept. of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599
| | - Hunter Bomba
- Joint Dept. of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Dept. of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599
- Dept. of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599
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8
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Guillaume O, Park J, Monforte X, Gruber-Blum S, Redl H, Petter-Puchner A, Teuschl AH. Fabrication of silk mesh with enhanced cytocompatibility: preliminary in vitro investigation toward cell-based therapy for hernia repair. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:37. [PMID: 26704554 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that combining cells with meshes prior to implantation successfully enhanced hernia repair. The idea is to create a biologic coating surrounding the mesh with autologous cells, before transplantation into the patient. However, due to the lack of a prompt and robust cell adhesion to the meshes, extensive in vitro cultivation is required to obtain a homogenous cell layer covering the mesh. In this context, the objective of this publication is to manufacture meshes made of silk fibres and to enhance the cytoadhesion and cytocompatibility of the biomaterial by surface immobilization of a pro-adhesive wheat germ agglutinin (lectin WGA). We first investigated the affinity between the glycoprotein WGA and cells, in solution and then after covalent immobilization of WGA on silk films. Then, we manufactured meshes made of silk fibres, tailored them with WGA grafting and finally evaluated the cytocompatibility and the inflammatory response of silk and silk-lectin meshes compared to common polypropylene mesh, using fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, respectively. The in vitro experiments revealed that the cytocompatibility of silk can be enhanced by surface immobilization with lectin WGA without exhibiting negative response in terms of pro-inflammatory reaction. Grafting lectin to silk meshes could bring advantages to facilitate cell-coating of meshes prior to implantation, which is an imperative prerequisite for abdominal wall tissue regeneration using cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Guillaume
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria.
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| | - J Park
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - X Monforte
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Höchstädtplatz 5, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Gruber-Blum
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Department of General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien, Montleartstrasse 37, 1171, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Petter-Puchner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- Department of General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien, Montleartstrasse 37, 1171, Vienna, Austria
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - A H Teuschl
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Höchstädtplatz 5, 1200, Vienna, Austria
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Pan WL, Ng TB. A dimeric Phaseolus coccineus lectin with anti-oxidative, anti-proliferative and cytokine-inducing activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:960-6. [PMID: 26410813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a dimeric glucosamine binding lectin, designated as CHL, was purified from Phaseolus coccineus L. var. albonanus Bailey through three chromatographic steps. The molecular weight of CHL was approximately 66kDa. Its hemagglutinating activity toward rabbit erythrocytes was dependent on carbohydrates, especially glucosamine, and was stable at temperatures between 20 and 70°C, and at pH between 1 and 13. Intriguingly, further characterization showed that CHL served as a potent antioxidant to prevent erythrocytes from haemolysis induced by 2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it exerted antitumor activity against human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 cells, hepatoma HepG2 cells, and breast cancer MCF7 cells but was devoid of antifungal activity. In addition, the CHL could bring about a significant dose-dependent increase in the production of mRNAs of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interferon-gamma and interleukin-2. These results suggest the potential therapeutic utility of CHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liang Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Pichl CM, Feilhauer S, Schwaigerlehner RM, Gabor F, Wirth M, Neutsch L. Glycan-mediated uptake in urothelial primary cells: Perspectives for improved intravesical drug delivery in urinary tract infections. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:710-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Engleder E, Demmerer E, Wang X, Honeder C, Zhu C, Studenik C, Wirth M, Arnoldner C, Gabor F. Determination of the glycosylation-pattern of the middle ear mucosa in guinea pigs. Int J Pharm 2015; 484:124-30. [PMID: 25724132 PMCID: PMC4379074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the glycosylation pattern of the middle ear mucosa (MEM) of guinea pigs, an approved model for middle ear research, was characterized with the purpose to identify bioadhesive ligands which might prolong the contact time of drug delivery systems with the middle ear mucosa (MEM). To assess the utility of five fluorescein labeled plant lectins with different carbohydrate specificities as bioadhesive ligands, viable MEM specimens were incubated at 4°C and the lectin binding capacities were calculated from the MEM-associated relative fluorescence intensities. Among all lectins under investigation, fluorescein-labeled wheat germ agglutinin (F-WGA) emerged as the highest bioadhesive lectin. In general, the accessibility of carbohydrate moieties of the MEM followed the order: sialic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (WGA)>>mannose and galactosamine (Lensculinaris agglutinin)>N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (Solanumtuberosum agglutinin)>fucose (Ulexeuropaeus isoagglutinin I)>>terminal mannose α-(1,3)-mannose (Galanthusnivalis agglutinin). Competitive inhibition studies with the corresponding carbohydrate revealed that F-WGA-binding was inhibited up to 90% confirming specificity of the F-WGA-MEM interaction. The cilia of the MEM were identified as F-WGA binding sites by fluorescence imaging as well as a z-stack of overlays of transmission, F-WGA- and nuclei-stained images of the MEM. Additionally, co-localisation experiments revealed that F-WGA bound to acidic mucopolysaccharides of the MEM. All in all, lectin-mediated bioadhesion to the MEM is proposed as a new concept for drug delivery to prolong the residence time of the drug in the tympanic cavity especially for successful therapy for difficult-to-treat diseases such as otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Engleder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Demmerer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Honeder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chengjing Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Studenik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wirth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Arnoldner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Gabor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Wang XY, Koller R, Wirth M, Gabor F. Lectin-Grafted PLGA Microcarriers Loaded with Fluorescent Model Drugs: Characteristics, Release Profiles, and Cytoadhesion Studies. Sci Pharm 2014; 82:193-205. [PMID: 24634852 PMCID: PMC3951229 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1312-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PLGA microparticles loaded with three different fluorescent model drugs, fluorescein sodium (hydrophilic), sulforhodamine (amphoteric), and boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY® 493/503, lipophilic), were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique. Due to varying hydrophilicity, the diameters of the microparticles ranged between 4.1 and 4.7 μm. According to fluorimetric analysis, the loading varied from 0.06 to 2.25 μg of the model drug per mg PLGA. In terms of the release profile, the fluorescein sodium-entrapped formulation exhibited thermo-responsive release kinetics. In the case of sulforhodamine- and BODIPY® 493/503-loaded particles, almost no release was observed, neither at 4°C nor 37°C during the first 50 hours. Furthermore, to estimate the bioadhesive properties of such drug delivery systems, the surface of the loaded particles was grafted with wheat germ agglutinin by applying the carbodiimide method. Cytoadhesion studies with Caco-2 monolayers revealed an up to 1.9-fold and 3.6-fold increase in the bioadhesion of the lectin-functionalized, model drug-loaded particles as compared to the albumin- and non-grafted microcarriers, respectively. All in all, the results clearly indicated that the lipophilicity of the polymer matching that of the drug favored entrapment, whereas mismatching impeded loading into the PLGA-microparticles. Even in the case of low loading, these delivery systems might be useful for the fluorescent detections and microscopic imaging of cellular interactions due to their fluorescent properties and lack of dye leakage. Moreover, lectin grafting can mediate bioadhesive properties to such particulate drug carriers which could be a promising approach to improve drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Koller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wirth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Gabor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Zhu X, Shan W, Zhang P, Jin Y, Guan S, Fan T, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Huang Y. Penetratin derivative-based nanocomplexes for enhanced intestinal insulin delivery. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:317-28. [PMID: 24255985 DOI: 10.1021/mp400493b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient mucosal permeability is the bottleneck problem in developing an efficient intestinal delivery system of insulin. Cell-penetrating peptide-based nanocomplexes for the enhanced mucosal permeation of insulin were developed in this study. Penetratin, a cell-penetrating peptide was site-specifically modified with a bis-β-cyclodextrin group. Insulin-loaded nanocomplexes were prepared by self-assembly using penetratin or its bis-β-cyclodextrin modified derivative (P-bis-CD). A stronger intermolecular interaction and higher complex stability were observed for P-bis-CD nanocomplexes than the penetratin nanocomplexes. P-bis-CD nanocomplexes were significantly more efficient for the permeation of insulin as compared to the penetratin nanocomplexes both in vitro and in situ. Interestingly, different cellular internalization mechanisms were observed for the two nanocomplexes. In diabetic rats, intestinal administration of P-bis-CD nanocomplexes resulted in a prominent hypoglycemic effect which lasted for 6 h with maximum inhibitory rate at 60%. The relative pharmacological availability and bioavailability of P-bis-CD nanocomplexes were 10.6% and 7.1%, which were 3.0-fold and 2.3-fold higher than that of penetratin nanocomplexes, respectively. In addition, no sign of toxicity was observed after 7 consecutive days of administration of P-bis-CD nanocomplexes with endotoxin. These results demonstrated that P-bis-CD was a promising epithelium permeation enhancer for insulin and suggested that the chemical modification of cell penetration peptides was a feasible strategy to enhance their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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14
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Li H, Dong WF, Zhou JY, Xu XM, Li FQ. Triggering effect of N-acetylglucosamine on retarded drug release from a lectin-anchored chitosan nanoparticles-in-microparticles system. Int J Pharm 2013; 449:37-43. [PMID: 23587965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) to accelerate drug release from a lectin-modified carrier. A wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-anchored salmeterol xinafoate (SalX)-loaded nanoparticles-in-microparticles system (NiMS) was prepared with an ionotropic gelation technique combined with a spray drying method. The formulated microparticles were spherical, with diameters ranging mainly from 2 to 8 μm; the drug entrapment efficiency was >70% (w/w), and the loading capacity was approximately 8% (w/w). Drug release from WGA-SalX-NiMS, within the first 4h, was approximately 30% less than that from SalX-NiMS, indicating an effect of lectin-modification to retard drug release from the NiMS. Due to "sugar-lectin" interactions, drug release from WGA-SalX-NiMS was substantially increased after the addition of NAG to the release medium. However, no significant influence of NAG was observed on the drug release profile of SalX-NiMS without WGA anchorage. The characteristics of NAG-WGA interaction may provide valuable insights into the "triggering-effects" of specific sugars on drug release from lectin-anchored carriers. These results suggest that it is possible to control drug release from a lectin-anchored drug delivery system using a specific sugar, and that the designed novel WGA-SalX-NiMS may be a suitable formulation for chronotherapy of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China
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15
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Singh I, Rana V. Enhancement of Mucoadhesive Property of Polymers for Drug Delivery Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7569/raa.2013.097307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Tang Q, Cao B, Wu H, Cheng G. Selective gene delivery to cancer cells using an integrated cationic amphiphilic peptide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16126-16132. [PMID: 23088373 DOI: 10.1021/la303299s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy provides a number of potential treatments that could be applied in clinic to prevent deaths from cancer. However, the transfer of gene therapy to the clinical application has proven difficult because many problems remain to be solved concerning the transfection efficiency, target specificity, and safety issues. To overcome these barriers, a peptide-based vector, K(12)H(6)V(8)SSQHWSYKLRP (KHV-LHRH) that comprises four functional blocks, is studied in this work for the targeted delivery of a model gene drug to cancer cells. KHV-LHRH peptide, which contains a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) sequence, can specifically target cancer cells expressing LHRH receptors. The gene expression, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake mediated by this vector were evaluated against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (LHRH-receptor-positive) and SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma cells (LHRH-receptor-negative) and compared to a peptide vector (K(12)H(6)V(8)) (KHV) without the LHRH ligand and poly(ethylenimine) (PEI). The results showed that KHV-LHRH enhanced the DNA internalization and induced significantly higher gene expression than KHV in LHRH-receptor-positive MCF-7 cells. Also, the peptide-based vectors had low cytotoxicity compared to that of PEI. The high specificity and transfection efficiency of the integrated peptide-based vector make it a very promising material for targeted gene delivery in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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17
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Wang XY, Koller R, Wirth M, Gabor F. Lectin-coated PLGA microparticles: Thermoresponsive release and in vitro evidence for enhanced cell interaction. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:738-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Schlage P, Mező G, Orbán E, Bősze S, Manea M. Anthracycline-GnRH derivative bioconjugates with different linkages: Synthesis, in vitro drug release and cytostatic effect. J Control Release 2011; 156:170-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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Aggarwal S, Ndinguri MW, Solipuram R, Wakamatsu N, Hammer RP, Ingram D, Hansel W. [DLys(6)]-luteinizing hormone releasing hormone-curcumin conjugate inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1611-23. [PMID: 21484797 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are invariably lethal, and developing effective treatments that have minimal side effects is a challenge. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that conjugates of cell membrane disrupting lytic peptides and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) target and destroy human prostate and breast cancer cells in xenografts in the nude mouse model (Hansel et al., Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007;260-262:183-9; Hansel et al., Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007;269:26-33), which express LHRH receptors. The objectives of our study were to synthesize a bioconjugate of LHRH analog ([DLys(6)]-LHRH) and a dietary microchemical (curcumin) and test the hypothesis that [DLys(6)]-LHRH-curcumin targets and inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro studies, we determined by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry analysis and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction that MIAPaCa-2, Panc-1 and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell lines express LHRH receptors. [DLys(6)]-LHRH-curcumin inhibited cell proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines and induced apoptotic cell death (p < 0.05). Apoptosis was induced by cleavage of polyadenosine-5'-diphosphate-ribose-polymerase and caspase-3. The activity of [DLys(6)]-LHRH-curcumin was equal to free curcumin at equimolar concentrations in vitro. Unlike curcumin itself, the [DLys(6)]-LHRH-curcumin conjugate is water soluble which allows its intravenous administration. In two in vivo studies, [DLys(6)]-LHRH-curcumin given intravenously caused a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in tumor weights and volumes, and free curcumin given by gavage at an equal dose failed to cause a significant reduction in tumor weights and volumes in the nude mouse pancreatic cancer model. [DLys(6)]-LHRH-curcumin treatment enhanced apoptosis compared to [DLys(6)]-LHRH and vehicle-treated controls in tumor tissue. In conclusion, [DLys(6)]-LHRH-curcumin may be useful in treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aggarwal
- William Hansel Cancer Prevention Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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20
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Makhlof A, Fujimoto S, Tozuka Y, Takeuchi H. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of WGA–carbopol modified liposomes as carriers for oral peptide delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 77:216-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Glavas Dodov M, Calis S, Crcarevska M, Geskovski N, Petrovska V, Goracinova K. Wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated chitosan–Ca–alginate microparticles for local colon delivery of 5-FU: Development and in vitro characterization. Int J Pharm 2009; 381:166-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Szabó I, Manea M, Orbán E, Csámpai A, Bosze S, Szabó R, Tejeda M, Gaál D, Kapuvári B, Przybylski M, Hudecz F, Mezo G. Development of an oxime bond containing daunorubicin-gonadotropin-releasing hormone-III conjugate as a potential anticancer drug. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:656-65. [PMID: 19296605 DOI: 10.1021/bc800542u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on the synthesis and biological properties of a conjugate in which daunorubicin (Dau) as chemotherapeutic agent was attached through an oxime bond to gonadotropin-releasing hormone-III (GnRH-III) as targeting moiety. In vitro toxicity and the cytostatic effect of the conjugate on MCF-7 human breast and C26 murine colon cancer cell lines were determined, and the results were compared with those obtained for the free daunorubicin, as well as with the doxorubicin containing derivative. In vivo antitumor effect of daunorubicin-GnRH-III was studied on Balb/c female mice transplanted with C26 tumor. Our data indicate that the daunorubicin-GnRH-III conjugate had a lower toxic effect than the free daunorubicin and it was essentially nontoxic up to 15 mg (Dau content)/kg body weight. The treatment of the C26 tumor bearing mice with the conjugate led to tumor growth inhibition and longer survival time in comparison with the controls and with the administration of the free drug. When mice were treated twice with the conjugate (on days 4 and 7 after tumor transplantation), 46% tumor growth inhibition was obtained. In this case, the increase of the median survival time was 38% compared to the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Szabó
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
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23
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Andrews GP, Laverty TP, Jones DS. Mucoadhesive polymeric platforms for controlled drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71:505-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Cai Q, Zhang ZR. Lectin-mediated cytotoxicity and specificity of 5-fluorouracil conjugated with peanut agglutinin (5-Fu-PNA)in vitro. J Drug Target 2008; 13:251-7. [PMID: 16051537 DOI: 10.1080/10611860500138505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to take advantage of the biorecognition between lectin and carbohydrate for targeted drug delivery, the lectin of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin (PNA) was coupled by fixing its amino groups to the carbodiimide-activated carboxylic groups of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) derivative (N1-substituted 5-Fu acetate) to form 5-Fu-PNA conjugate. When the coupling reaction was carried out in the presence of d-galactose (d-gal, specific sugar for PNA), the affinity of PNA was maintained after its coupling to N1-substituted 5-Fu acetate, which was confirmed by the result of the haemagglutination test. Otherwise, PNA would lose its affinity after the cross-linking reaction. The cytotoxicity, specificity and selectivity of 5-Fu-PNA were examined on the human colorectal cancer cell line LoVo and the human normal liver cell line Chang using MTT assay. Compared with free drug, the active conjugate, which maintained the affinity of lectin, had similar cytotoxic effect on LoVo cells with much lower cytotoxicity on Chang cells On the other hand, lower cytotoxic effects on LoVo cells were observed for the non-active conjugate even at higher drug concentrations. The cytotoxic effect of conjugate was specific because only the active conjugate could inhibit the growth of LoVo cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner as that of the free drug. The achieved results indicate the significance to maintain the affinity of lectin for lectin-mediated cytotoxicity. Still, the potential of 5-Fu-PNA conjugate as a targeting agent for colorectal cancer needs to be further investigated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Cai
- Key laboratory of Drug Targeting and Novel Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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25
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Bi X, Shi X, Baker JR. Synthesis, characterization and stability of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-functionalized poly(amidoamine) dendrimer conjugate. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2008; 19:131-42. [PMID: 18177559 DOI: 10.1163/156856208783227686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer targeting is crucial for cancer detection, therapy and targeted drug delivery. A dendrimer-peptide conjugate has been synthesized based on poly(amidoamine) dendrimer generation 5 (PAMAM G5) as a platform and a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) peptide as a targeting moiety. The synthesized conjugate was fully characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV-Vis spectrometry, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Further stability experiments showed that the synthesized conjugate was stable after 72-h incubation in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C. The synthesized conjugate may find applications in biomedical targeting, gene delivery and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Bi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Charleston Southern University, Charleston, SC 29406, USA.
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26
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Wood KM, Stone GM, Peppas NA. Wheat germ agglutinin functionalized complexation hydrogels for oral insulin delivery. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1293-8. [PMID: 18330990 DOI: 10.1021/bm701274p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin was loaded into hydrogel microparticles after two hours with loading efficiencies greater than 70% for both poly(methacrylic acid-grafted-ethylene glycol) (P(MAA-g-EG)) and poly(methacrylic acid-grafted-ethylene glycol) functionalized with wheat germ agglutinin (P(MAA-g-EG) WGA). The pH-responsive release results demonstrated that the pH shift from the stomach to the small intestine can be used as a physiologic trigger to release insulin from P(MAA-g-EG) and P(MAA-g-EG) WGA microparticles, thus limiting release of insulin into the acidic environment of the stomach. Microplates were successfully treated with PGM to create a surface that allowed for specific binding between mucins and lectins. The 1% PGM treatment followed by a 2 h BSA blocking step gave the most consistent results when incubated with F-WGA. In addition, the PGM-treated microplates were shown to create specific interactions between F-WGA and the PGM by use of a competitive carbohydrate. The 1% PGM treated microplates were also used to show that adhesion was improved in the P(MAA-g-EG) WGA microparticles over the P(MAA-g-EG) microparticles. The interaction between the PGM-treated microplate and P(MAA-g-EG) WGA was again shown to be specific by adding a competitive carbohydrate, while the interaction between P(MAA-g-EG) and the PGM-treated microplate was nonspecific. Cellular monolayers were used as another method for demonstrating that the functionalized microparticles increase adhesion over the nonfunctionalized microparticles. This work has focused on improving the mucoadhesive nature of P(MAA-g-EG) by functionalizing these hydrogel carriers with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to create a specific mucosal interaction and then evaluating the potential of these carriers as oral insulin delivery systems by in vitro methods. From these studies, it is concluded that the addition of the WGA on the microparticles produces a specific adhesion to carbohydrate-containing surfaces and that P(MAA-g-EG) WGA shows great promise as an oral insulin delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy M Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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27
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Güll I, Wirth M, Gabor F. Development of a sensitive and reliable ELISA for quantification of wheat germ agglutinin. J Immunol Methods 2006; 318:20-9. [PMID: 17141264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Among others, lectin-mediated drug delivery is currently discussed as a promising strategy towards improved bioavailability of biotech drugs. For quantitative determination of the lectin from wheat germ (WGA), a sandwich ELISA relying on capture of the lectin by pig gastric mucin coated wells and detection of bound WGA by a lectin specific first antibody followed by peroxidase-labelled second antibody was elaborated. The stepwise optimised protocol allows quantification over the range from 10 to 1000 ng/ml WGA with a coefficient of determination of 0.9991. The day to day variation was +/-0.09 OD at 500 ng/ml WGA. Additionally, the presented ELISA-protocol allows determination of WGA in serum with the same sensitivity and reliability as in buffer. Lectins with different carbohydrate specificity such as those from jack beans and peanuts exhibited no cross-reactivity. Among the lectins with the same carbohydrate specificity that from potatoes interfered with the assay, whereas that from tomatoes was not recognised by the first antibody. Since the potato lectin is fully degraded in the intestine, no cross-reactivity with WGA is expected in serum samples. Following on from these results, the absorption rate of WGA in biologically active form might be determined as a basis for further steps towards improved drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Güll
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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28
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Pilobello KT, Krishnamoorthy L, Slawek D, Mahal LK. Development of a lectin microarray for the rapid analysis of protein glycopatterns. Chembiochem 2005; 6:985-9. [PMID: 15798991 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanoelani T Pilobello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A5300, Austin, TX 78712-0265, USA
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29
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Dharap SS, Wang Y, Chandna P, Khandare JJ, Qiu B, Gunaseelan S, Sinko PJ, Stein S, Farmanfarmaian A, Minko T. Tumor-specific targeting of an anticancer drug delivery system by LHRH peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:12962-7. [PMID: 16123131 PMCID: PMC1200279 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0504274102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The central problem in cancer chemotherapy is the severe toxic side effects of anticancer drugs on healthy tissues. Invariably the side effects impose dose reduction, treatment delay, or discontinuance of therapy. To limit the adverse side effects of cancer chemotherapy on healthy organs, we proposed a drug delivery system (DDS) with specific targeting ligands for cancer cells. The proposed DDS minimizes the uptake of the drug by normal cells and enhances the influx and retention of the drug in cancer cells. This delivery system includes three main components: (i) an apoptosis-inducing agent (anticancer drug), (ii) a targeting moiety-penetration enhancer, and (iii) a carrier. We describe one of the variants of such a system, which utilizes camptothecin as an apoptosis-inducing agent and poly(ethylene glycol) as a carrier. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was used as a targeting moiety (ligand) to LHRH receptors that are overexpressed in the plasma membrane of several types of cancer cells and are not expressed detectably in normal visceral organs. The results showed that the use of LHRH peptide as a targeting moiety in the anticancer DDS substantially enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy, led to amplified apoptosis induction in the tumor, and minimized the side effects of the anticancer drug on healthy organs. The LHRH receptor targeting DDS did not show in vivo pituitary toxicity and did not significantly influence the time course or the plasma concentration of luteinizing hormone and its physiological effects on the reproductive functions of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Dharap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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30
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Kesisoglou F, Zimmermann EM. Novel drug delivery strategies for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2005; 2:451-63. [PMID: 16296767 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2.3.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two idiopathic inflammatory diseases of the intestinal tract: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Existing therapy for IBD consists mainly of orally or rectally administered small drug molecules, such as 5-aminosalicylates and corticosteroids, or potent systemic immune suppressants. IBD presents a challenging target for drug delivery, particularly by the oral route, as, contrary to most therapeutic regimens, minimal systemic absorption and maximal intestinal wall drug levels are desired. Several delivery strategies are employed to achieve this goal, including the chemical modification of the drug molecules, the use of controlled- and delayed-release formulations and the use of bioadhesive particles. The goal of this review is to summarise existing IBD therapy and examine novel approaches in intestinal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Kesisoglou
- University of Michigan Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
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31
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Minko T. Drug targeting to the colon with lectins and neoglycoconjugates. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004; 56:491-509. [PMID: 14969755 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2003.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of drugs to specific sites of action provides several advantages over non-targeted drugs. These include the prevention of side effects of drugs on healthy tissues and enhancement of drug uptake by targeted cells. This review will cover traditional approaches of colon drug targeting as well as the use of lectins and neoglycoconjugates for the targeted delivery. Direct and reverse targeting strategies, potential molecular targets and targeting moieties for colon drug delivery, targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) for colon delivery, anticancer DDS targeted to colon cancer are examined. Directions of future development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA.
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32
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Gabor F, Bogner E, Weissenboeck A, Wirth M. The lectin-cell interaction and its implications to intestinal lectin-mediated drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004; 56:459-80. [PMID: 14969753 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2003.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2003] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on the fact that oligosaccharides encode biological information, the biorecognition between lectinised drug delivery systems and glycosylated structures in the intestine can be exploited for improved peroral therapy. Basic research revealed that some lectins can mediate mucoadhesion, cytoadhesion, and cytoinvasion of drugs. Entering the vesicular pathway by receptor mediated endocytosis, part of the conjugated drug is accumulated within the lysosomes. Additionally, part of the drug is supposed to be transported across the epithelium. Moreover, factors probably adversely influencing feasibility of the concept such as toxicity, immunogenicity, and intestinal stability of plant lectins are discussed. As exemplified by lectin-grafted prodrug and carrier systems, this strategy is expected to improve absorption and probably bioavailability of poorly absorbable drugs, peptides and proteins as well as therapeutic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Gabor
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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