1
|
Di Capua DM, Shanahan W, Bourke M, Ramlaul N, Appel J, Canney A, Docherty NG, McGrath E, Ring E, Jones F, Boyle M, McCormack J, Gallagher T, Hoti E, Nolan N, Ryan JD, Houlihan DD, Fabre A. Tumour stemness and poor clinical outcomes in haemochromatosis patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:669-675. [PMID: 37253536 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Patients with haemochromatosis (HFE) are known to have an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Available data are conflicting on whether such patients have poorer prognosis, and there is lack of data regarding the biology of HFE-HCC. We compared the course of HFE-HCC with a matched non-HFE-HCC control group and examined tumour characteristics using immunohistochemistry. METHODS In this tertiary care-based retrospective analysis, 12 patients with HFE and 34 patients with alcohol/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis who underwent initially successful curative HCC therapy with ablation or resection were identified from our registry. Time to tumour progression was compared. Resected liver tissue from a separate cohort of 11 matched patients with HFE-HCC and without HFE-HCC was assessed for the expression of progenitor and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The median follow-up was 24.39 and 24.28 months for patients with HFE-HCC and those without HFE-HCC, respectively (p>0.05). The mean time to progression was shorter in the HFE group compared with the non-HFE group (12.87 months vs 17.78 months; HR 3.322, p<0.05). Patients with HFE-HCC also progressed to more advanced disease by the end of follow-up (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis of matched HFE-HCC and non-HFE-HCC explants demonstrated increased expression of the cancer stem cell markers EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) and EpCAM/SALL4 (spalt-like transcription factor 4) coexpression in HFE-HCC specimens (p<0.05). There was a high frequency of combined tumour subtypes within the HFE cohort. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the clinical course of patients with HFE-HCC is more aggressive and provides the first data indicating that their tumours have increased expression of progenitor markers. These findings suggest patients with HFE-HCC may need to be considered for transplant at an earlier stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele Bourke
- Liver Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Navneet Ramlaul
- Liver Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Josh Appel
- Liver Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Canney
- Histopathology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Neil G Docherty
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erinn McGrath
- HIstopathology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eabha Ring
- Liver Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Jones
- Liver Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie Boyle
- Liver Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Janet McCormack
- Reseach Pathology Core, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tom Gallagher
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emir Hoti
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Nolan
- HIstopathology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John D Ryan
- Hepatology Unit, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, ireland
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Aurelie Fabre
- HIstopathology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- University College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
- Reseach Pathology Core, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen R, Zhou J, Chen B. Imputing abundance of over 2,500 surface proteins from single-cell transcriptomes with context-agnostic zero-shot deep ensembles. Cell Syst 2024; 15:869-884.e6. [PMID: 39243755 PMCID: PMC11423933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Cell surface proteins serve as primary drug targets and cell identity markers. Techniques such as CITE-seq (cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing) have enabled the simultaneous quantification of surface protein abundance and transcript expression within individual cells. The published data have been utilized to train machine learning models for predicting surface protein abundance solely from transcript expression. However, the small scale of proteins predicted and the poor generalization ability of these computational approaches across diverse contexts (e.g., different tissues/disease states) impede their widespread adoption. Here, we propose SPIDER (surface protein prediction using deep ensembles from single-cell RNA sequencing), a context-agnostic zero-shot deep ensemble model, which enables large-scale protein abundance prediction and generalizes better to various contexts. Comprehensive benchmarking shows that SPIDER outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. Using the predicted surface abundance of >2,500 proteins from single-cell transcriptomes, we demonstrate the broad applications of SPIDER, including cell type annotation, biomarker/target identification, and cell-cell interaction analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen R, Zhou J, Chen B. Imputing abundance of over 2500 surface proteins from single-cell transcriptomes with context-agnostic zero-shot deep ensembles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.31.605432. [PMID: 39131290 PMCID: PMC11312525 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.31.605432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Cell surface proteins serve as primary drug targets and cell identity markers. The emergence of techniques like CITE-seq has enabled simultaneous quantification of surface protein abundance and transcript expression for multimodal data analysis within individual cells. The published data have been utilized to train machine learning models for predicting surface protein abundance based solely from transcript expression. However, the small scale of proteins predicted and the poor generalization ability for these computational approaches across diverse contexts, such as different tissues or disease states, impede their widespread adoption. Here we propose SPIDER (surface protein prediction using deep ensembles from single-cell RNA-seq), a context-agnostic zero-shot deep ensemble model, which enables the large-scale prediction of cell surface protein abundance and generalizes better to various contexts. Comprehensive benchmarking shows that SPIDER outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. Using the predicted surface abundance of >2500 proteins from single-cell transcriptomes, we demonstrate the broad applications of SPIDER including cell type annotation, biomarker/target identification, and cell-cell interaction analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, MI, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun X, He Z, Lu R, Liu Z, Chiampanichayakul S, Anuchapreeda S, Jiang J, Tima S, Zhong Z. Hyaluronic acid-modified liposomes Potentiated in-vivo anti-hepatocellular carcinoma of icaritin. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1437515. [PMID: 39055490 PMCID: PMC11270019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1437515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Icaritin (ICT), a promising anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prenylated flavonoid, is hindered from being applied due to its low water solubility and high lipophilicity in poorly differentiated HCC which is associated with upregulation of CD44 isoforms. Thus, hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural polysaccharide with high binding ability to CD44 receptors, was used to formulate a modified liposome as a novel targeted ICT-delivery system for HCC treatment. Methods: The ICT-Liposomes (Lip-ICT) with and without HA were prepared by a combined method of thin-film dispersion and post-insertion. The particle size, polydispersity (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficacy (%EE), drug loading content (%DLC), and in vitro drug release profiles were investigated for physicochemical properties, whereas MTT assay was used to assess cytotoxic effects on HCC cells, HepG2, and Huh7 cells. Tumor bearing nude mice were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of HA-Lip-ICT and Lip-ICT in vivo. Results: Lip-ICT and HA-Lip-ICT had an average particle size of 171.2 ± 1.2 nm and 208.0 ± 3.2 nm, with a zeta potential of -13.9 ± 0.83 and -24.8 ± 0.36, respectively. The PDI resulted from Lip-ICT and HA-Lip-ICT was 0.28 ± 0.02 and 0.26 ± 0.02, respectively. HA-Lip-ICT demonstrated higher in vitro drug release when pH was dropped from 7.4 to 5.5, The 12-h release rate of ICT from liposomes increased from 30% at pH7.4 to more than 60% at pH5.5. HA-Lip-ICT displayed higher toxicity than Lip-ICT in both HCC cells, especially Huh7with an IC50 of 34.15 ± 2.11 μM. The in vivo tissue distribution and anti-tumor experiments carried on tumor bearing nude mice indicated that HA-Lip- ICT exhibited higher tumor accumulation and achieved a tumor growth inhibition rate of 63.4%. Discussion: The nano-sized Lip-ICT was able to prolong the drug release time and showed long-term killing HCC cells ability. Following conjugation with HA, HA-Lip-ICT exhibited higher cytotoxicity, stronger tumor targeting, and tumor suppression abilities than Lip-ICT attributed to HA-CD44 ligand-receptor interaction, increasing the potential of ICT to treat HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoduan Sun
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Lu
- Suining First People’s Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Zhongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sawitree Chiampanichayakul
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cancer Research Unit of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS-CRU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cancer Research Unit of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS-CRU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Singkome Tima
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cancer Research Unit of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS-CRU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Zhirong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu J, Liu W, Qiu X, Li J, Song K, Shen S, Huo L, Chen L, Xu M, Wang H, Jia N, Chen L. A Noninvasive Approach to Evaluate Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Predict Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:549-564. [PMID: 38223688 PMCID: PMC10781918 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays a crucial role in tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic response. Despite several noninvasive strategies have emerged for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, there are still lack of effective radiomic-based model to evaluate TIME status, let alone predict clinical outcome and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs) response for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we developed a radiomic model to evaluate TIME status within the tumor and predict prognosis and immunotherapy response. A total of 301 patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were enrolled in our study. The intra-tumoral expression of 17 immune-related molecules were evaluated using co-detection by indexing (CODEX) technology, and we construct Immunoscore (IS) with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and Cox regression method to evaluate TIME. Of 6115 features extracted from MRI, five core features were filtered out, and the Radiomic Immunoscore (RIS) showed high accuracy in predicting TIME status in testing cohort (area under the curve = 0.753). More importantly, RIS model showed the capability of predicting therapeutic response to anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy in an independent cohort with advanced HCC patients (area under the curve = 0.731). In comparison with previously radiomic-based models, our integrated RIS model exhibits not only higher accuracy in predicting prognosis but also the potential guiding significance to HCC immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-023-00136-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805 China
| | - Wanmin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200333 China
| | - Xinyao Qiu
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Kairong Song
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Siyun Shen
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805 China
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Lu Chen
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805 China
| | - Mingshuang Xu
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805 China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805 China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ningyang Jia
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Lei Chen
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, 201805 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sheng M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang X, Ke T, Liu P, Wang S, Shao W. Decoding the role of aberrant RNA alternative splicing in hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17691-17708. [PMID: 37898981 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
During eukaryotic gene expression, alternative splicing of messenger RNA precursors is critical in increasing protein diversity and regulatory complexity. Multiple transcript isoforms could be produced by alternative splicing from a single gene; they could eventually be translated into protein isoforms with deleted, added, or altered domains or produce transcripts containing premature termination codons that could be targeted by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Alternative splicing can generate proteins with similar, different, or even opposite functions. Increasingly strong evidence indicates that abnormal RNA splicing is a prevalent and crucial occurrence in cellular differentiation, tissue advancement, and the development and progression of cancer. Aberrant alternative splicing could affect cancer cell activities such as growth, apoptosis, invasiveness, drug resistance, angiogenesis, and metabolism. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of abnormal RNA alternative splicing on the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Sheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaoyun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiyi Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tiaoying Ke
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pingyang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sihan Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wei Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fernández-Tabanera E, Melero-Fernández de Mera RM, Alonso J. CD44 In Sarcomas: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:909450. [PMID: 35785191 PMCID: PMC9247467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.909450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the tumor microenvironment, particularly the extracellular matrix, plays an essential role in the development of tumors through the interaction with specific protein-membrane receptors. One of the most relevant proteins in this context is the transmembrane protein CD44. The role of CD44 in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis has been well established in many cancers, although a comprehensive review concerning its role in sarcomas has not been published. CD44 is overexpressed in most sarcomas and several in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown a direct effect on tumor progression, dissemination, and drug resistance. Moreover, CD44 has been revealed as a useful marker for prognostic and diagnostic (CD44v6 isoform) in osteosarcoma. Besides, some innovative treatments such as HA-functionalized liposomes therapy have become an excellent CD44-mediated intracellular delivery system for osteosarcoma. Unfortunately, the reduced number of studies deciphering the prognostic/diagnostic value of CD44 in other sarcoma subgroups, neither than osteosarcoma, in addition to the low number of patients involved in those studies, have produced inconclusive results. In this review, we have gone through the information available on the role of CD44 in the development, maintenance, and progression of sarcomas, analyzing their implications at the prognostic, therapeutic, and mechanistic levels. Moreover, we illustrate how research involving the specific role of CD44 in the different sarcoma subgroups could suppose a chance to advance towards a more innovative perspective for novel therapies and future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Fernández-Tabanera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel M. Melero-Fernández de Mera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Alonso,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu X, Meng X, Chang TS, Feng S, Lee M, Jaiswal S, Choi EYK, Tran L, Jiang H, Wang TD. Multi-modal imaging for uptake of peptide ligand specific for CD44 by hepatocellular carcinoma. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 26:100355. [PMID: 35479192 PMCID: PMC9035732 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising steadily in incidence, and more effective methods are needed for early cancer detection and image-guided surgery. METHODS We used a structural model to optimize the peptide sequence. Specific binding was validated in vitro with knockdown, competition, and co-localization assays. Multi-modal imaging was performed to validate specific binding in vivo in orthotopically-implanted human xenograft tumors. RESULTS Binding properties of WKGWSYLWTQQA were characterized by an apparent dissociation constant of kd = 43 nM, and an apparent association time constant of k = 0.26 min-1. The target-to-background ratio was significantly higher for the target versus control for both modalities. Ex-vivo evaluation using human HCC specimens supported the ability of the peptide to distinguish HCC from other liver pathologies. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a peptide specific for CD44 with properties that are promising for clinical translation to image HCC in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tse-Shao Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Miki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sangeeta Jaiswal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eun-Young K. Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lam Tran
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
CHRIST: CD44-Incorporated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool—A Novel Prognostic Scoring System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Aggressiveness. MEDICINES 2022; 9:medicines9020014. [PMID: 35200757 PMCID: PMC8876239 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
CD44 has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in regulating tumor cell progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Here, we aimed to establish a scoring system to evaluate the risk of developing HCC utilizing CD44-rs187115 SNP polymorphism. A prospective cohort of 120 individuals was enrolled in four groups: 19 non-metastatic HCC patients, 21 metastatic, 40 patients with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis, and 40 controls. Allelic discrimination of the CD44-rs187115 gene polymorphism was assessed using TaqMan genotyping assay. HCC patients with CT/CC genotypes were more likely to have aggressive malignancy compared to TT carriers. A significant correlation was noted between the existence of CT/CC genotypes and tumor size, multicentricity, infiltration, portal vein thrombosis, and metastasis. A CD44-incorporated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Index Scoring Tool (CHRIST) was formulated utilizing clinical and genetic variables. A score > 3 for HCC development demonstrated 87.5% sensitivity, 72.5% specificity, and a 76% positive predictive value (PPV) and 85% negative predictive value (NPV). Furthermore, a score > 5 for HCC metastasis demonstrated 90.4% sensitivity, 68.4% specificity, a 76% PPV and 86% NPV. A similarly significant score was noted following a six-month re-evaluation. We conclude that CD44-rs187115 may serve as a reliable prognostic biomarker for HCC and that the CHRIST prognostic model is highly predictive of the development of HCC and metastatic HCC.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hassn Mesrati M, Syafruddin SE, Mohtar MA, Syahir A. CD44: A Multifunctional Mediator of Cancer Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1850. [PMID: 34944493 PMCID: PMC8699317 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44, a non-kinase cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein, has been widely implicated as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in several cancers. Cells overexpressing CD44 possess several CSC traits, such as self-renewal and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) capability, as well as a resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. The CD44 gene regularly undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in the standard (CD44s) and variant (CD44v) isoforms. The interaction of such isoforms with ligands, particularly hyaluronic acid (HA), osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), drive numerous cancer-associated signalling. However, there are contradictory results regarding whether high or low CD44 expression is associated with worsening clinicopathological features, such as a higher tumour histological grade, advanced tumour stage and poorer survival rates. Nonetheless, high CD44 expression significantly contributes to enhanced tumourigenic mechanisms, such as cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, migration and stemness; hence, CD44 is an important clinical target. This review summarises current research regarding the different CD44 isoform structures and their roles and functions in supporting tumourigenesis and discusses CD44 expression regulation, CD44-signalling pathways and interactions involved in cancer development. The clinical significance and prognostic value of CD44 and the potential of CD44 as a therapeutic target in cancer are also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malak Hassn Mesrati
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.E.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - M. Aiman Mohtar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.E.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Amir Syahir
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia;
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shinkawa H, Tanaka S, Kabata D, Takemura S, Amano R, Kimura K, Kinoshita M, Kubo S. The Prognostic Impact of Tumor Differentiation on Recurrence and Survival after Resection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Dependent on Tumor Size. Liver Cancer 2021; 10:461-472. [PMID: 34721508 PMCID: PMC8527909 DOI: 10.1159/000517992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of poor differentiation and tumor size on survival outcome after hepatic resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS A total of 1,107 patients who underwent initial and curative hepatic resection for HCC without macroscopic vascular invasion participated in the study. Using the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, we evaluated changes in hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between tumor differentiation and survival based on tumor size. RESULTS In patients with poorly (Por) differentiated HCCs, the adjusted HRs of reduced overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), early RFS, and early extrahepatic RFS were 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.07-1.59), 1.07 (95% CI 0.89-1.28), 1.31 (95% CI 1.06-1.62), and 1.81 (95% CI 1.03-3.17), respectively. Moreover, based on an analysis of the effect modification of tumor differentiation according to tumor size, Por HCC was found to be associated with a reduced OS (p = 0.033). The HRs of Por HCCs sharply increased in patients with tumors measuring up to 5 cm. The adjusted HRs of reduced OS in patients with Por HCCs measuring <2, ≥2 and <5, and ≥5 cm were 1.22 (95% CI 0.69-2.14), 1.33 (95% CI 1.02-1.73), and 1.58 (95% CI 1.04-2.42), respectively. The corresponding adjusted HRs of reduced early RFS were 0.85 (95% CI 0.46-1.57), 1.34 (95% CI 1.01-1.8), and 1.57 (95% CI 1.03-2.39), respectively. The adjusted HRs of reduced early extrahepatic RFS were 1.89 (95% CI 0.83-4.3) in patients with tumors measuring ≥2 and <5 cm and 2.33 (95% CI 0.98-5.54) in those with tumors measuring ≥5 cm. CONCLUSIONS Por HCC measuring ≥2 cm was associated with early recurrence. Hence, it had negative effects on OS. After surgery, patients with Por HCC measuring ≥5 cm should be cautiously monitored for early extrahepatic recurrence. These findings will help physicians devise treatment strategies for patients with HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroji Shinkawa
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan,*Hiroji Shinkawa,
| | - Shogo Tanaka
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daijiro Kabata
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Takemura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Amano
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kimura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kinoshita
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoji Kubo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yoon S, Choi JH, Shah M, Kwon SM, Yang J, Park YN, Wang HJ, Woo HG. USO1 isoforms differentially promote liver cancer progression by dysregulating the ER-Golgi network. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1208-1220. [PMID: 34293111 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of RNA transcripts plays an important role in cancer development and progression. Recent advances in RNA-seq technology have made it possible to identify alternately spliced events in various types of cancer; however, research on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still limited. Here, by performing RNA-Seq profiling of HCC transcripts at isoform level, we identified tumor-specific and molecular subtype-dependent expression of the USO1 isoforms, which we designated as a normal form USO1-N (XM_001290049) and a tumor form USO1-T (NM_003715). The expression of USO1-T, but not USO1-N, was associated with worse prognostic outcomes of HCC patients. We confirmed that the expression of USO1-T promoted an aggressive phenotype of HCC, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, structural modeling analyses revealed that USO1-T lacks an ARM10 loop encoded by exon 15, which may weaken the dimerization of USO1 and its tethering to GM130. We demonstrated that USO1-T ensured unstacking of the Golgi and accelerated the trafficking from ER to Golgi and plasma membrane in multiple liver cancer cells. ERK and GRASP65 were found to be involved in the USO1-T mediated Golgi dysfunction. Conclusively, we provide new mechanophysical insights into the USO1 isoforms that differentially regulate the ER-Golgi network, promoting the heterogeneous HCC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaud Shah
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Mee Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Nyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Wang
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Eldafashi N, Darlay R, Shukla R, McCain MV, Watson R, Liu YL, McStraw N, Fathy M, Fawzy MA, Zaki MYW, Daly AK, Maurício JP, Burt AD, Haugk B, Cordell HJ, Bianco C, Dufour JF, Valenti L, Anstee QM, Reeves HL. A PDCD1 Role in the Genetic Predisposition to NAFLD-HCC? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1412. [PMID: 33808740 PMCID: PMC8003582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are contributing to the global rise in deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of NAFLD-HCC is not well understood. The severity of hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis are key pathogenic mechanisms, but animal studies suggest altered immune responses are also involved. Genetic studies have so far highlighted a major role of gene variants promoting fat deposition in the liver (PNPLA3 rs738409; TM6SF2 rs58542926). Here, we have considered single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate immunoregulatory genes (MICA rs2596542; CD44 rs187115; PDCD1 rs7421861 and rs10204525), in 594 patients with NAFLD and 391 with NAFLD-HCC, from three European centres. Associations between age, body mass index, diabetes, cirrhosis and SNPs with HCC development were explored. PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 SNPs were associated with both progression to cirrhosis and NAFLD-HCC development, while PDCD1 SNPs were specifically associated with NAFLD-HCC risk, regardless of cirrhosis. PDCD1 rs7421861 was independently associated with NAFLD-HCC development, while PDCD1 rs10204525 acquired significance after adjusting for other risks, being most notable in the smaller numbers of women with NAFLD-HCC. The study highlights the potential impact of inter individual variation in immune tolerance induction in patients with NAFLD, both in the presence and absence of cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nardeen Eldafashi
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (M.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Rebecca Darlay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.D.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Ruchi Shukla
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (R.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Misti Vanette McCain
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
| | - Robyn Watson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
| | - Yang Lin Liu
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
| | - Nikki McStraw
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (R.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Moustafa Fathy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (M.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Michael Atef Fawzy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (M.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Marco Y. W. Zaki
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (M.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Ann K. Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
| | - João P. Maurício
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
| | - Alastair D. Burt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
| | - Beate Haugk
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle NE1 4LP, UK;
| | - Heather J. Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; (R.D.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Cristiana Bianco
- Translational Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Hepatology, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Valenti
- Translational Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (L.V.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Quentin M. Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
- The Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Heaton NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Helen L. Reeves
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (N.E.); (M.V.M.); (R.W.); (Y.L.L.); (M.Y.W.Z.); (A.K.D.); (J.P.M.); (A.D.B.); (Q.M.A.)
- The Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Freeman Road, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Heaton NE7 7DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kumar V, Rahman M, Gahtori P, Al-Abbasi F, Anwar F, Kim HS. Current status and future directions of hepatocellular carcinoma-targeted nanoparticles and nanomedicine. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:673-694. [PMID: 33295218 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1860939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide. Conventional therapies covering either chemotherapy or combination therapy still have sub-optimal responses with significant adverse effects and toxicity. Moreover, tumor cells usually acquire resistance quickly for traditional approaches, limiting their use in HCC. Interest in nanomedicine due to minimal systemic toxicity and a high degree of target-specific drug-delivery have pulled the attention of health scientists in this area of therapeutics. AREA COVERED The review covers the incidence and epidemiology of HCC, proposed molecular drug targets, mechanistic approach and emergence of nanomedicines including nanoparticles, lipidic nanoparticles, vesicular-based nanocarrier, virus-like particles with momentous therapeutic aspects including biocompatibility, and toxicity of nanocarriers along with conclusions and future perspective, with an efficient approach to safely cross physiological barriers to reach the target site for treating liver cancer. EXPERT OPINION Remarkable outcomes have recently been observed for the therapeutic efficacy of nanocarriers with respect to a specific drug target against the treatment of HCC by existing under trial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
| | - Prashant Gahtori
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Fahad Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, 2066, Seobu-ro, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The novel interplay between CD44 standard isoform and the caspase-1/IL1B pathway to induce hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:961. [PMID: 33168816 PMCID: PMC7652828 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating data indicate caspase-1 (CASP1), one of the inflammatory caspases, promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression in tumor proliferation, invasion, EMT phenotype and sorafenib resistance. However, the molecular basis of regulating caspase-1 expression and caspase-1/IL1B (interleukin-1β) pathway in HCC remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated the novel interplay between caspase-1/IL1B activation and cluster differentiation 44 standard isoform (CD44s) in HCC. In this study, we observed that CD44s is responsible for caspase-1/IL1B activation both in HCC tissues and five HCC cell lines. In normoxia conditions, CD44s knockdown repressed the activation of caspase-1/IL1B via stimulating AMPK-mediated autophagy. Moreover, our data suggested that p62-induced autophagic degradation of caspase-1 accounted for caspase-1/IL1B inactivation in CD44s deficient cells. Administration of recombinant human IL1B could rescue impaired proliferation, invasion, and EMT phenotype in CD44s deficient HCC cells. Lastly, hypoxia-mediated caspase-1/IL1B overexpression could be abolished by CD44s downregulation through decreasing HIF1A and enhancing autophagic activity. Overall, targeting CD44s is a novel inhibitory mechanism of caspase-1/IL1B expression, both in normoxia and hypoxia conditions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Dong S, Lu LJ. An alternative splicing signature model for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma-specific survival. J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 11:1054-1064. [PMID: 33209497 PMCID: PMC7657838 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-20-377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing (AS) is a transcriptional regulation mechanism, which can expand the coding ability of genome and contribute to the occurrence and development of cancer. A systematic analysis of AS in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is lacking and urgently needed. METHODS Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to distinguish survival-related AS events and to calculate the risk score. Kaplan-Meier analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the AS events' clinical significance to build a risk model in HCC. RESULTS Data of AS events was obtained from the Splice-Seq database. The corresponding clinical information of HCC was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. We analyzed 78,878 AS events from 13,045 genes in HCC patients. A total of 2,440 and 2,888 AS events were significantly related to HCC patients' disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The two prognostic models (DFS and OS) were constructed based on a total of seven AS types from survival-related AS events above. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curves was 0.769 in the DFS cohort and 0.886 in the OS cohort. CONCLUSIONS The prognostic model constructed by AS events can be used to predict the prognosis of HCC patients and provide potential therapeutic targets for further validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Dong
- Department of Surgery, Wuxi No.9 People's Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li-Jun Lu
- Department of Surgery, Wuxi No.9 People's Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou C, Xia Y, Wei Y, Cheng L, Wei J, Guo B, Meng F, Cao S, van Hest JCM, Zhong Z. GE11 peptide-installed chimaeric polymersomes tailor-made for high-efficiency EGFR-targeted protein therapy of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:512-521. [PMID: 32562803 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading malignancy with a high mortality and little improvement in treatments. Protein drugs though known for their extraordinary potency and specificity have rarely been investigated for HCC therapy owing to lack of appropriate delivery systems. Here, we designed GE11 peptide-installed chimaeric polymersomes (GE11-CPs) for high-efficiency EGFR-targeted protein therapy of orthotopic SMMC-7721 HCC-bearing nude mice. GE11-CPs were assembled from poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-dithiolane trimethylene carbonate)-b-poly(aspartic acid) (PEG-P(TMC-DTC)-PAsp) and GE11-functionalized PEG-P(TMC-DTC), which allowed efficient loading and protection of proteins in the watery interior and fine-tuning of GE11 densities at the surface. CPs with short PAsp segments (degree of polymerization (DP) = 5, 10 and 15) exhibited a protein loading efficiency of 60%-72% and glutathione-responsive protein release. Saporin-loaded GE11-CPs had a size of 36 - 62 nm depending on GE11 densities and DP of PAsp. Notably, GE11-CPs with 10% GE11 revealed greatly enhanced uptake in SMMC-7721 cells, boosting the anticancer potency of saporin for over 3-folds compared with non-targeted control (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 11.0 versus 36.3 nM). The biodistribution studies using Cy5-labeled cytochrome C as a model protein demonstrated about 3-fold higher accumulation of GE11-CPs formulation than CPs counterpart in both subcutaneous and orthotopic SMMC-7721 tumor models. Notably, saporin-loaded GE11-CPs revealed low toxicity, effective tumor inhibition and significant improvement of survival rate compared with PBS and non-targeted groups (median survival time: 99 versus 37 and 42 days). EGFR-targeted chimaeric polymersomes carrying proteins appear an interesting HCC treatment modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yifeng Xia
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yaohua Wei
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Wei
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Beibei Guo
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Shoupeng Cao
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.31), 5600MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 (STO 3.31), 5600MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Effects of Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamides Targeting Human TGF-β1 on the Malignant Phenotypes of Liver Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122883. [PMID: 32585841 PMCID: PMC7356887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides bind to the minor groove of double-helical DNA with high affinity and specificity, and inhibit the transcription of corresponding genes. In liver cancer, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression is correlated with tumor grade, and high-grade liver cancer tissues express epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. TGF-β1 was reported to be involved in cancer development by transforming precancer cells to cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TGF-β1-targeting PI polyamide on the growth of liver cancer cells and CSCs and their TGF-β1 expression. We analyzed TGF-β1 expression level after the administration of GB1101, a PI polyamide that targets human TGF-β1 promoter, and examined its effects on cell proliferation, invasiveness, and TGF-β1 mRNA expression level. GB1101 treatment dose-dependently decreased TGF-β1 mRNA levels in HepG2 and HLF cells, and inhibited HepG2 colony formation associated with downregulation of TGF-β1 mRNA. Although GB1101 did not substantially inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells compared to untreated control cells, GB1101 significantly suppressed the invasion of HLF cells, which displayed high expression of CD44, a marker for CSCs. Furthermore, GB1101 significantly inhibited HLF cell sphere formation by inhibiting TGF-β1 expression, in addition to suppressing the proliferation of HLE and HLF cells. Taken together, GB1101 reduced TGF-β1 expression in liver cancer cells and suppressed cell invasion; therefore, GB1101 is a novel candidate drug for the treatment of liver cancer.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Nie J, Fang W, Yang L, Hu Q, Wang Z, Sun JZ, Tang BZ. Sugar-Based Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens: Design, Structures, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:4534-4577. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jingyi Nie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wen Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ling Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Qiaoling Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhengke Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jing Zhi Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Baboci L, Capolla S, Di Cintio F, Colombo F, Mauro P, Dal Bo M, Argenziano M, Cavalli R, Toffoli G, Macor P. The Dual Role of the Liver in Nanomedicine as an Actor in the Elimination of Nanostructures or a Therapeutic Target. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:4638192. [PMID: 32184825 PMCID: PMC7060440 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4638192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanostructures for therapeutic purpose is rapidly growing, following the results obtained in vivo in animal models and in the clinical trials. Unfortunately, the potential therapeutic efficacy is not completely exploited, yet. This is mainly due to the fast clearance of the nanostructures in the body. Nanoparticles and the liver have a unique interaction because the liver represents one of the major barriers for drug delivery. This interaction becomes even more relevant and complex when the drug delivery strategies employing nanostructures are proposed for the therapy of liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this case, the selective delivery of therapeutic nanoparticles to the tumor microenvironment collides with the tendency of nanostructures to be quickly eliminated by the organ. The design of a new therapeutic approach based on nanoparticles to treat HCC has to particularly take into consideration passive and active mechanisms to avoid or delay liver elimination and to specifically address cancer cells or the cancer microenvironment. This review will analyze the different aspects concerning the dual role of the liver, both as an organ carrying out a clearance activity for the nanostructures and as target for therapeutic strategies for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Baboci
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Sara Capolla
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Di Cintio
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Federico Colombo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Prisca Mauro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) di Aviano IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang X, Wang R, Bai S, Xiong S, Li Y, Liu M, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Chen W, Billiar TR, Cheng B. Musashi2 contributes to the maintenance of CD44v6+ liver cancer stem cells via notch1 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:505. [PMID: 31888685 PMCID: PMC6936093 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, metastasis, and drug resistance. MSI2 and Notch1 signaling are involved in the maintenance of CSCs. However, it is unknown whether MSI2 and Notch1 are involved in the maintenance of CD44v6+ LCSCs. Therefore, we investigated the clinical significance and function of MSI2 and its relationship with Notch1 signaling in the maintenance of stemness properties in CD44v6+ LCSCs. METHODS The expression of MSI2 and CD44v6 were detected by fresh specimens and a HCC tissue microarray. The tissue microarray containing 82 HCC samples was used to analyze the correlation between CD44v6 and MSI2. CD44v6+/- cells were isolated using microbeads sorting. We explored the roles of MSI2 and Notch1 signaling in CD44v6+ LCSCs by sphere formation assay, transwell assay, clone formation assay in vitro, and xenograft tumor models in vivo. A Notch RT2 PCR Array, Co-immunoprecipitation, and RNA-immunoprecipitation were used to further investigate the molecular mechanism of MSI2 in activating Notch1 signaling. RESULTS Here, we found MSI2 expression was positively correlated with high CD44v6 expression in HCC tissues, and further correlated with tumor differentiation. CD44v6+ cells isolated from HCC cell lines exhibited increased self-renewal, proliferation, migration and invasion, resistance to Sorafenib and tumorigenic capacity. Both MSI2 and Notch1 signaling were elevated in sorted CD44v6+ cells than CD44v6- cells and played essential roles in the maintenance of stemness of CD44v6+ LCSCs. Mechanically, MSI2 directly bound to Lunatic fringe (LFNG) mRNA and protein, resulting in Notch1 activation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that MSI2 maintained the stemness of CD44v6+ LCSCs by activating Notch1 signaling through the interaction with LFNG, which could be a potential molecular target for stem cell-targeted therapy for liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiju Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Shuya Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Si Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Yawen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Zhenxiong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Yuchong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, 430030.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang N, Li MY, Liu Y, Yu J, Ren J, Zheng Z, Wang S, Yang S, Yang SL, Liu LP, Hu BG, Chong CC, Merchant JL, Lai PB, Chen GG. ZBP-89 negatively regulates self-renewal of liver cancer stem cells via suppression of Notch1 signaling pathway. Cancer Lett 2019; 472:70-80. [PMID: 31874246 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) initiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and contribute to its recurrence and treatment resistance. Studies have suggested ZBP-89 as a candidate tumor suppressor in HCC. We explored the role of ZBP-89 in the regulation of LCSCs. This study was performed in liver tissue samples from 104 HCC patients, 2 cell lines and mouse tumor models. We demonstrated that ZBP-89 was weakly expressed in LCSCs. Patients with high expression of LCSC markers displayed reduced survivals and higher recurrence rates after curative surgical operation. The expression of ZBP-89 was predictive for decreased recurrence. LCSC markers were negatively correlated with ZBP-89 in HCC tissues and in enriched liver tumor spheres. The exogenous expression of ZBP-89 attenuated the tumor-sphere formation and secondary colony formation capabilities of LCSCs in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, the negative effect of ZBP-89 on cancer stemness was Notch1-dependent. Localized with Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1) in the nucleus, ZBP-89 repressed the Notch1 signaling pathway by competitive binding to NICD1 with MAML1. Collectively, ZBP-89 negatively regulates HCC stemness via inhibiting the Notch1 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuozhou Wang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianqing Yu
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shucai Yang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng-Li Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Guang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Charing Cn Chong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juanita L Merchant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, PO Box 245028, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5028, USA
| | - Paul Bs Lai
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - George Gong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Su Z, Liu D, Chen L, Zhang J, Ru L, Chen Z, Gao Z, Wang X. CD44-Targeted Magnetic Nanoparticles Kill Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Stem Cells In An Alternating Magnetic Field. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7549-7560. [PMID: 31571863 PMCID: PMC6754337 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s215087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignant tumor in the world. Studies in recent years have demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are present in many tumor tissues, including HNSCC, and CSCs are the root cause of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Thus, taking new treatment measures to target the killing of CSCs that are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy is key to the success of cancer treatment. Methods We explored a method for preparing anti-CD44 antibody-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONPs). Biocompatibility was evaluated by a CCK-8 assay. The CSCs were obtained by a 3D cell culture technique from Cal-27 (human oral squamous cell carcinoma) cells, and then the CSCs were identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The targeting efficiency of the CD44-SPIONPs to CSCs was confirmed by Prussian blue staining and visualized by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of CSCs after alternating magnetic field (AMF) treatment. The efficacy of tumor growth inhibition by CD44-SPIONP-mediated magnetic hyperthermia therapy was evaluated with tumor xenografts in nude mice. Results The CD44-SPIONPs exhibited no negative effect on CSCs, indicating good biocompatibility. After SPIONPs were cocultured with stem cells, the majority of CD44-SPIONPs labeled with FITC penetrated the cell membrane into the cytoplasm. After AMF treatment, CD44-SPIONPs induced CSCs to undergo programmed death. The inhibitory ratio of the treated group was 33.43%, and necrotic areas in the tumor tissue were mainly distributed around the magnetic fluid. Conclusion These results demonstrate that it is possible to kill CSCs using targeted magnetic nanoparticles and an AMF and that magnetic fluid hyperthermia significantly inhibited the growth of grafted Cal-27 tumors in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanqin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ru
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhennan Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen H, Gao F, He M, Ding XF, Wong AM, Sze SC, Yu AC, Sun T, Chan AW, Wang X, Wong N. Long-Read RNA Sequencing Identifies Alternative Splice Variants in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Tumor-Specific Isoforms. Hepatology 2019; 70:1011-1025. [PMID: 30637779 PMCID: PMC6766942 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) allows generation of cell type-specific mRNA transcripts and contributes to hallmarks of cancer. Genome-wide analysis for AS in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, is limited. We sought to obtain a comprehensive AS landscape in HCC and define tumor-associated variants. Single-molecule real-time long-read RNA sequencing was performed on patient-derived HCC cells, and presence of splice junctions was defined by SpliceMap-LSC-IDP algorithm. We obtained an all-inclusive map of annotated AS variants and further discovered 362 alternative spliced variants that are not previously reported in any database (neither RefSeq nor GENCODE). They were mostly derived from intron retention and early termination codon with an in-frame open reading frame in 81.5%. We corroborated many of these predicted unannotated and annotated variants to be tumor specific in an independent cohort of primary HCC tumors and matching nontumoral liver. Using the combined Sanger sequencing and TaqMan junction assays, unique and common expressions of spliced variants including enzyme regulators (ARHGEF2, SERPINH1), chromatin modifiers (DEK, CDK9, RBBP7), RNA-binding proteins (SRSF3, RBM27, MATR3, YBX1), and receptors (ADRM1, CD44v8-10, vitamin D receptor, ROR1) were determined in HCC tumors. We further focused functional investigations on ARHGEF2 variants (v1 and v3) that arise from the common amplified site chr.1q22 of HCC. Their biological significance underscores two major cancer hallmarks, namely cancer stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-mediated cell invasion and migration, although v3 is consistently more potent than v1. Conclusion: Alternative isoforms and tumor-specific isoforms that arise from aberrant splicing are common during the liver tumorigenesis. Our results highlight insights gained from the analysis of AS in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin Hong KongChina
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina
| | - Mian He
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin Hong KongChina
| | - Xiao Fan Ding
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin Hong KongChina
| | - Aikha M. Wong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin Hong KongChina
| | - Siu Ching Sze
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin Hong KongChina
| | - Allen C. Yu
- School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina
| | - Tingting Sun
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin Hong KongChina
| | - Anthony W‐H. Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin Hong KongChina
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina
| | - Nathalie Wong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin Hong KongChina
- State Key Laboratory in Translational OncologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin Hong KongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseSir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin Hong KongChina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The strengths and weaknesses of gross and histopathological evaluation in hepatocellular carcinoma: a brief review. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-019-0047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
26
|
Nanomedicine as a putative approach for active targeting of hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:91-99. [PMID: 31421265 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is restricted by chemo-resistance and systemic side effects. To improve the efficacy and safety of chemotherapeutics in HCC management, scientists have attempted to deliver these drugs to malignant tissues using targeted carriers as nanoparticles (NPs). Among the three types of NPs targeting (active, passive, and stimuli-responsive), active targeting is the most commonly investigated in HCC treatment. Despite the observed promising results so far, clinical research on nanomedicine targeting for HCC treatment still faces many challenges.These include batch-to-batch physicochemical properties' variations, limiting large scale production and insufficient data on human and environmental toxicities. This review summarized the characteristics of different nanocarriers, ligands, targeted receptors on HCC cells and provided recommendations to overcome the challenges, facing this novel line of treatment for HCC.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee IC. Cancer-on-a-chip for Drug Screening. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5407-5418. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190206235233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
:
The oncology pharmaceutical research spent a shocking amount of money on target validation and
drug optimization in preclinical models because many oncology drugs fail during clinical trial phase III. One of
the most important reasons for oncology drug failures in clinical trials may due to the poor predictive tool of
existing preclinical models. Therefore, in cancer research and personalized medicine field, it is critical to improve
the effectiveness of preclinical predictions of the drug response of patients to therapies and to reduce costly failures
in clinical trials. Three dimensional (3D) tumor models combine micro-manufacturing technologies mimic
critical physiologic parameters present in vivo, including complex multicellular architecture with multicellular
arrangement and extracellular matrix deposition, packed 3D structures with cell–cell interactions, such as tight
junctions, barriers to mass transport of drugs, nutrients and other factors, which are similar to in vivo tumor tissues.
These systems provide a solution to mimic the physiological environment for improving predictive accuracy
in oncology drug discovery.
:
his review gives an overview of the innovations, development and limitations of different types of tumor-like
construction techniques such as self-assemble spheroid formation, spheroids formation by micro-manufacturing
technologies, micro-dissected tumor tissues and tumor organoid. Combination of 3D tumor-like construction and
microfluidic techniques to achieve tumor on a chip for in vitro tumor environment modeling and drug screening
were all included. Eventually, developmental directions and technical challenges in the research field are also
discussed. We believe tumor on chip models have provided better sufficient clinical predictive power and will
bridge the gap between proof-of-concept studies and a wider implementation within the oncology drug development
for pathophysiological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Chi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ouhtit A, Rizeq B, Saleh HA, Rahman MM, Zayed H. Novel CD44-downstream signaling pathways mediating breast tumor invasion. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1782-1790. [PMID: 30443182 PMCID: PMC6231220 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44, also known as homing cell adhesion molecule is a multi-structural cell molecule involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix communications. CD44 regulates a number of central signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, Rho GTPases and the Ras-MAPK pathways, but also acts as a growth/arrest sensor, and inhibitor of angiogenesis and invasion, in response to signals from the microenvironment. The function of CD44 has been very controversial since it acts as both, a suppressor and a promoter of tumor growth and progression. To address this discrepancy, we have previously established CD44-inducible system both in vitro and in vivo. Next, using microarray analysis, we have identified and validated Survivin, Cortactin and TGF-β2 as novel CD44-downstream target genes, and characterized their signaling pathways underpinning CD44-promoted breast cancer (BC) cell invasion. This report aims to update the literature by adding and discussing the impact of these novel three signaling pathways to better understand the CD44-signaling pathways involved in BC tumor cell invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allal Ouhtit
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Balsam Rizeq
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haissam Abou Saleh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zheng X, Zhang F, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Dawulieti J, Pan Y, Cui L, Sun M, Shao D, Li M, He K, Zhang M, Li J, Chen L. Self-assembled dual fluorescence nanoparticles for CD44-targeted delivery of anti-miR-27a in liver cancer theranostics. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:3808-3823. [PMID: 30083261 PMCID: PMC6071528 DOI: 10.7150/thno.25255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the vital role miRNA-27a plays in driving the development and progress of liver cancer, miRNA-based inhibition therapy is hampered due to its undesired degradation and off-target effects. Herein, a multifunctional nanoparticle for noninvasive tracking of targeted delivery of anti-miR-27a oligonucleotides against liver cancer was constructed. Methods: Dual-fluorescent conjugates (QD-HA-PEI) were first fabricated through crosslinking hyaluronic acid (HA), polyethyleneimine (PEI) and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) via a facile one-pot approach. Antisense oligonucleotide was then encapsulated by QD-HA-PEI to form anti-miR-27a/QD-HA-PEI via electrostatic interactions. Targeting, biodistribution, bioimaging, in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-tumor effects were evaluated and the underlying mechanism was studied. Results: The NIR fluorescence of anti-miR-27a/QD-HA-PEI could be employed to monitor CD44 receptor-targeted cellular uptake and tumor accumulation. Importantly, the intrinsic fluorescence of anti-miR-27a/QD-HA-PEI remained in the “ON” state in extracellular or blood environment, but switched to the “OFF” state in the intracellular environment, indicating pH-responsive oligonucleotide release. Furthermore, anti-miR-27a/QD-HA-PEI exhibited effective and selective anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo with fewer side effects via the direct down-regulation of oncogenic transcription factors FOXO1 and PPAR-γ. Conclusion: Our findings validate the dual-fluorescent nanoparticles as delivery vectors of therapeutic miRNA, capable of simultaneous tumor imaging and tracking of miRNA-based modulation therapy, thereby providing an efficient and safe approach for liver cancer theranostics.
Collapse
|
30
|
Dhar D, Antonucci L, Nakagawa H, Kim JY, Glitzner E, Caruso S, Shalapour S, Yang L, Valasek MA, Lee S, Minnich K, Seki E, Tuckermann J, Sibilia M, Zucman-Rossi J, Karin M. Liver Cancer Initiation Requires p53 Inhibition by CD44-Enhanced Growth Factor Signaling. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:1061-1077.e6. [PMID: 29894692 PMCID: PMC6005359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
How fully differentiated cells that experience carcinogenic insults become proliferative cancer progenitors that acquire multiple initiating mutations is not clear. This question is of particular relevance to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which arises from differentiated hepatocytes. Here we show that one solution to this problem is provided by CD44, a hyaluronic acid receptor whose expression is rapidly induced in carcinogen-exposed hepatocytes in a STAT3-dependent manner. Once expressed, CD44 potentiates AKT activation to induce the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Mdm2, which terminates the p53 genomic surveillance response. This allows DNA-damaged hepatocytes to escape p53-induced death and senescence and respond to proliferative signals that promote fixation of mutations and their transmission to daughter cells that go on to become HCC progenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Dhar
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Laura Antonucci
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ju Youn Kim
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Elisabeth Glitzner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Inserm UMR-1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Shabnam Shalapour
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mark A Valasek
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kerstin Minnich
- Leibniz Institute of Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm UMR-1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0723, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Soliman B, Salem A, Ghazy M, Abu-Shahba N, El Hefnawi M. Bioinformatics functional analysis of let-7a, miR-34a, and miR-199a/b reveals novel insights into immune system pathways and cancer hallmarks for hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318773675. [PMID: 29775159 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318773675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Let-7a, miR-34a, and miR-199 a/b have gained a great attention as master regulators for cellular processes. In particular, these three micro-RNAs act as potential onco-suppressors for hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioinformatics can reveal the functionality of these micro-RNAs through target prediction and functional annotation analysis. In the current study, in silico analysis using innovative servers (miRror Suite, DAVID, miRGator V3.0, GeneTrail) has demonstrated the combinatorial and the individual target genes of these micro-RNAs and further explored their roles in hepatocellular carcinoma progression. There were 87 common target messenger RNAs (p ≤ 0.05) that were predicted to be regulated by the three micro-RNAs using miRror 2.0 target prediction tool. In addition, the functional enrichment analysis of these targets that was performed by DAVID functional annotation and REACTOME tools revealed two major immune-related pathways, eight hepatocellular carcinoma hallmarks-linked pathways, and two pathways that mediate interconnected processes between immune system and hepatocellular carcinoma hallmarks. Moreover, protein-protein interaction network for the predicted common targets was obtained by using STRING database. The individual analysis of target genes and pathways for the three micro-RNAs of interest using miRGator V3.0 and GeneTrail servers revealed some novel predicted target oncogenes such as SOX4, which we validated experimentally, in addition to some regulated pathways of immune system and hepatocarcinogenesis such as insulin signaling pathway and adipocytokine signaling pathway. In general, our results demonstrate that let-7a, miR-34a, and miR-199 a/b have novel interactions in different immune system pathways and major hepatocellular carcinoma hallmarks. Thus, our findings shed more light on the roles of these miRNAs as cancer silencers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangly Soliman
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,2 Informatics and Systems Department, Biomedical Informatics and Chemo-Informatics Group, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences (CEAS), Division of Engineering Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Salem
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ghazy
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Abu-Shahba
- 3 Stem Cells Research Group, Medical Centre of Excellence, Medical Molecular Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El Hefnawi
- 2 Informatics and Systems Department, Biomedical Informatics and Chemo-Informatics Group, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences (CEAS), Division of Engineering Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,4 Centre for Informatics, Nile University, Sheikh Zayed City, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fan Z, Xia H, Xu H, Ma J, Zhou S, Hou W, Tang Q, Gong Q, Nie Y, Bi F. Standard CD44 modulates YAP1 through a positive feedback loop in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:147-156. [PMID: 29649630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High expression levels of CD44 and YAP have been identified as poor prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanistic relationship between CD44 and YAP during HCC tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. To investigate the mutual regulation between standard CD44 (CD44S) and YAP1 in HCC cell lines and tissue samples, CD44S and YAP1 expression in 40 pairs of tumor samples and matched distal normal tissues from HCC patients was examined by immunohistochemical staining. High expression of either CD44S or YAP1 was associated with a younger age and worse pathology grade. In addition, high levels of CD44S and YAP1 were associated with increased vascular invasion and more severe liver cirrhosis, respectively. CD44S expression was positively correlated with YAP1 expression in these HCC tissues. In vitro experiments suggested that CD44S could positively regulate the expression of YAP1 and its target genes via the PI3K/Akt pathway in HCC cells. Moreover, CD44S is regulated by the YAP1/TEAD axis. These results reveal a novel positive feedback loop involving CD44S and YAP1, in which CD44S functions as both an upstream regulator and a downstream effector of YAP1 in HCC. This feedback loop might constitute a broadly conserved module for regulating cell proliferation and invasion during HCC tumorigenesis. Blocking this positive feedback loop that involves CD44S and YAP1 might represent a new approach for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, 573003, PR China
| | - Hongwei Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Huanji Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Department of Breast Surgery, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Wanting Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Qiulin Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digest Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710032, PR China
| | - Feng Bi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Regulation of CD44v6 expression in gastric carcinoma by the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway and its clinical significance. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45848-45861. [PMID: 28507278 PMCID: PMC5542232 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a cancer stem cell marker, CD44 variant 6 (CD44v6) has been implicated in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis in a variety of human carcinomas. However, little is known about the expression of CD44v6 in Gastric Carcinoma (GC). Therefore we investigated CD44v6 expression in clinical specimen and further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we systemically investigated CD44v6 expression by immunohistochemistry in normal, premalignant gastric mucosa (low and high grade intraepithelial neoplasia), and GC at various stages. The correlation of CD44v6 expression with clinicopathological characteristics, and prognosis in GC was also analyzed. Next, we investigated cell proliferation, migration and invasion in GC cell lines. Furthermore, we explored a novel mechanism by which CD44V6 was upregulated in GC cell. The immunohistochemistry results showed that enhanced expression of CD44v6 was closely associated with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and poor prognosis in GC patients. In gastric cancer cell lines, CD44v6 involved in cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in Next, report on a novel mechanism by which interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) signaling up-regulates expression of CD44v6. RNA interference silencing of STAT3 resulted in decrease of CD44v6 levels. We also found that STAT3 inhibitor AG490 decrease expression of CD44v6 by blocking activation of STAT3, even in the presence of IL-6. Targeting STAT3-mediated CD44v6 up-regulation may represent a novel, effective treatment by eradicating the stomach tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
|
34
|
Recent advances and perspectives on capture and concentration of label-free rare cells for biomedical science and engineering research. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
35
|
Hou H, Ge C, Sun H, Li H, Li J, Tian H. Tunicamycin inhibits cell proliferation and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma through suppression of CD44s and the ERK1/2 pathway. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1088-1100. [PMID: 29377347 PMCID: PMC5891198 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunicamycin (TM) is an N‐linked glycosylation (NLG) inhibitor with strong antitumor activity, the exact underlying molecular mechanism of which remains to be elucidated. In our previous studies, we found that TM reversed drug resistance and improved the efficacy of combination treatments for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Here, we investigated the effects of TM on HCC cell proliferation and migration as well as the mechanism of those effects. Our results showed that TM inhibited cell proliferation and migration as well as induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. TM inhibited proliferation of HCC cells by inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Meanwhile, TM inhibited migration of HCC cells by suppressing CD44s‐mediated epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). TM inhibited migration and invasion of HCC cells by decreasing CD44 expression and altering its glycosylation. In addition, CD44s is involved in promoting EMT and is associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. Overexpression of CD44s promoted tumor migration and activated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in HCC cells, whereas TM inhibited CD44s overexpression‐associated cell migration. The ability of TM to inhibit cell migration and invasion was enhanced or reversed in CD44s knockdown cells and cells overexpressing CD44s, respectively. The MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 and TM inhibited hyaluronic acid‐induced cell migration in HCC cells. Furthermore, TM inhibited exogenous transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β)‐mediated EMT by an ERK1/2‐dependent mechanism and restored the TGF‐β‐mediated loss of E‐cadherin. In summary, our study provides evidence that TM inhibits proliferation and migration of HCC cells through inhibition of CD44s and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hefen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Navaglia F, Fogar P, Greco E, Basso D, Stefani AL, Mazza S, Zambon CF, Habeler W, Altavilla G, Amadori A, Cecchetto A, Plebani M. CD44v10: An Antimetastatic Membrane Glycoprotein for Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 18:130-8. [PMID: 12841682 DOI: 10.1177/172460080301800206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims The aims of this study were 1) to investigate the mRNA pattern of CD44 variants in three primary (MIA PaCa 2, PANC-1, PSN-1) and two metastatic (CAPAN-1, SUIT-2) pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines; 2) to ascertain whether the genetic transfer of CD44s and CD44v10 modifies the adhesion of PC cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro and their metastatic behavior in vivo. Methods CD44 mRNA analysis was done by means of RT-PCR. Adhesion to ECM the was assessed using coated microtiter plates. For the study of CD44v10 insertion in the CAPAN-1 line, liposome-mediated DNA transfer was used. SCID mice were employed for in vivo experiments. Results CD44v10 mRNA was not expressed by the CAPAN-1 nor by four of the six SUIT-2-derived clones. The stable expression of CD44v10 by modified CAPAN-1 significantly enhanced fibronectin adhesion. Mice without either liver or pancreatic metastases were more frequently found among the animals injected with modified (CD44v10 expressing) than with non-modified CAPAN-1. Conclusions 1) It is possible to differentiate between metastatic and non-metastatic PC cells on the basis of CD44v10 expression; 2) CD44v10 seems to be involved in mediating fibronectin adhesion in vitro and in counteracting metastases in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Navaglia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
H1/pHGFK1 nanoparticles exert anti-tumoural and radiosensitising effects by inhibition of MET in glioblastoma. Br J Cancer 2018; 118:522-533. [PMID: 29348487 PMCID: PMC5830599 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The therapeutic resistance to ionising radiation (IR) and anti-angiogenesis mainly impair the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma. The primary and secondary MET aberrant activation is one crucial factor for these resistances. The kringle 1 domain of hepatocyte growth factor (HGFK1), an angiogenic inhibitor, contains a high-affinity binding domain of MET; however, its effects on glioblastoma remain elusive. Methods: We formed the nanoparticles consisting of a folate receptor-targeted nanoparticle-mediated HGFK1 gene (H1/pHGFK1) and studied its anti-tumoural and radiosensitive activities in both subcutaneous and orthotopic human glioma cell-xenografted mouse models. We then elucidated its molecular mechanisms in human glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. Results: We demonstrated for the first time that peritumoural injection of H1/pHGFK1 nanoparticles significantly inhibited tumour growth and prolonged survival in tumour-bearing mice, as well as enhanced the anti-tumoural efficacies of IR in vivo by reducing Ki-67 expression, enhancing TUNEL staining-indicated apoptotic indexes, reducing microvascular intensity and reversing IR-induced MET overexpression in tumour tissues. Furthermore, we showed that HGFK1 suppressed the proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and enhanced sensitivity to IR in glioblastoma cell lines, mainly by suppressing the activities of MET receptor, down-regulating ATM-Chk2 axis but up-regulating Chk1. Conclusions: H1/pHGFK1 exerts anti-tumoural and radiosensitive activities mainly through the inhibition and reversal of IR-induced MET and ATM–Chk2 axis activities in glioblastoma. H1/pHGFK1 nanoparticles are a potential radiosensitiser and angiogenic inhibitor for glioblastoma treatment.
Collapse
|
38
|
Turato C, Balasso A, Carloni V, Tiribelli C, Mastrotto F, Mazzocca A, Pontisso P. New molecular targets for functionalized nanosized drug delivery systems in personalized therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Control Release 2017; 268:184-197. [PMID: 29051062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma, the most frequent solid tumor of the liver, has a very poor prognosis, being the second most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. The incidence and mortality of this liver tumor are increasing in most areas of the world as a consequence of aging and the emerging of new risk factors such as the metabolic syndrome, beside the recognized role of hepatitis B and C viral infections and alcohol abuse. Despite the increasing knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic carcinogenesis, effective therapeutic strategies are still an unmet clinical need. Efforts have been made to develop selective drugs as well as effective targeted drug delivery systems. The development of novel drug carriers for therapeutic molecules can indeed offer a valuable strategy to ameliorate the efficacy of HCC treatment. In this review, we discuss recent drug delivery strategies for HCC treatment based on the exploitation of targeted nanoparticles (NPs). Indeed, a few of these platforms have achieved an advanced stage of preclinical development. Here, we review the most promising drug nanovehicles based on both synthetic and natural polymers, including polysaccharides that have emerged for their biocompatibility and biodegradability. To maximize site-selectivity and therapeutic efficacy, drug delivery systems should be functionalized with ligands which can specifically recognize and bind targets expressed by HCC, namely cell membrane associated antigens, receptors or biotransporters. Cell surface and intracellular molecular targets are exploited either to selectively deliver drug-loaded nanovehicles or to design novel selective therapeutics. In conclusion, the combination of novel and safe drug delivery strategies based on site-specific targeted drug nanovehicles with therapeutic molecular targets may significantly improve the pharmacological efficacy for the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Balasso
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vinicio Carloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzocca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rozeik MS, Hammam OA, Ali AI, Magdy M, Khalil H, Anas A, Abo El Hassan AA, Rahim AA, El-Shabasy AI. Evaluation of CD44 and CD133 as markers of liver cancer stem cells in Egyptian patients with HCV-induced chronic liver diseases versus hepatocellular carcinoma. Electron Physician 2017; 9:4708-4717. [PMID: 28894525 PMCID: PMC5586983 DOI: 10.19082/4708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in tumor development, progression, metastasis and recurrence. Aim To evaluate hepatic expression of CD44 and CD133 in Egyptian patients with HCV-induced chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), and to assess its correlation with inflammatory activity scores, stages of fibrosis (in chronic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis) and grades of HCC. Methods This prospective case-control study was conducted on eighty subjects who attended the Tropical Diseases Department, Al-Azhar University Hospital, and in collaboration with Theodor Bilharz Research Institute (2014–2016). They were divided as follows: A) Control healthy group: Ten individuals with serologically negative HCV-Ab and HBsAg, and histopathologically normal liver, B) Seventy patients subdivided into 3 groups; Twenty subjects each, as: HCV-Ab+ non-cirrhotic, HCV-Ab+ cirrhotic and HCC. Necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis in non-neoplastic liver biopsies were scored according to the METAVIR scoring system. CD44 and CD133 immunostaining was evaluated in all groups semi-quantitatively using H score. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 22, using independent-samples t-test. Results Our study showed a significant increase of mean CD44 & CD133 expression values with disease progression among the groups (p<0.05). Their expressions increased significantly with the inflammatory activity scores and stages of fibrosis, reaching the highest values in A3F4 score compared to A1F1 (p<0.05). Moreover, there was a significant increase of their expressions across HCC grades (p<0.05), however with no significant correlation with focal lesions size. Conclusion CSCs clusters exhibiting CD133+ and/or CD44+ profiles were identified in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and HCC. CD133 and CD44 expressions significantly corresponded to the increased inflammatory activity, fibrosis stages and higher tumor grades. Therefore, evaluation of CD44 and CD133 expression profiles as CSCs markers in non-neoplastic liver and HCCs can help in development of novel therapeutic agents for HCC targeting and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saeed Rozeik
- M.D., Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat Ali Hammam
- M.D., Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali Ibrahim Ali
- M.D., Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Magdy
- M.D., Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba Khalil
- M.D., Pathology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amgad Anas
- M.D., Tropical Medicine Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Abdel Rahim
- M.D., Tropical Medicine Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Itoh H, Nishikawa S, Haraguchi T, Arikawa Y, Hiyama M, Iseri T, Itoh Y, Nakaichi M, Taura Y, Tani K, Itamoto K. Identification of rhodamine 123-positive stem cell subpopulations in canine hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:73-78. [PMID: 28685064 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cases of chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not effective in human or veterinary medicine due to resistance against anticancer agents. In human medicine, hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells (HCSCs) were recently identified as cytokeratin 19 (CK19)-, cluster of differentiation (CD)-44-, and CD133-positive. However, there are few previous reports regarding canine HCSC (cHCSC). Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, the chemoresistance against anticancer agents of these cHCSCs has not been investigated. In the present study staining of cHCSCs was performed with rhodamine 123, a low-toxicity fluorescent dye for mitochondria, by flow cytometry. There were two subpopulations in the HCC cell line defined by their higher (RhoHi) and lower (RhoLo) fluorescence intensity of rhodamine 123. The RhoHi subpopulation demonstrated a higher Nanog gene expression, sphere-forming ability, and chemoresistance against gemcitabine. However, there was no significant difference between RhoHi and RhoLo regarding the proliferation rate and chemoresistance against mitoxantrone and doxorubicin. The present results indicate that the expression of rhodamine 123 identifies different stem cell subpopulations in a canine HCC cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harumichi Itoh
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Shimpei Nishikawa
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoya Haraguchi
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Yu Arikawa
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Masato Hiyama
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Toshie Iseri
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Itoh
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Munekazu Nakaichi
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuho Taura
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Tani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Itamoto
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Prognostic Significance of CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 Expression in Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 23:682-8. [PMID: 25710579 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small intestinal adenocarcinoma (SIAC) is a rare human malignant tumor. According to the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, only a small subpopulation of tumor cells has the ability to initiate and increase tumor growth. CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 have been proposed to be putative CSC markers in gastrointestinal malignancies. However, their implications in SIAC still remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the expressions of CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 and evaluate their relationships with clinicopathologic parameters including the survival data in SIACs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis for CD44, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 was performed using tissue microarrays for 191 surgically resected SIACs. RESULTS CD44v6, CD133, CD166, and ALDH1 expression was found in 25 (13.5%), 58 (30.7%), 82 (44.1%), and 63 (33.3%) cases, respectively. CD44v6(+) was correlated with vascular tumor invasion (P=0.023). CD133(+) was marginally correlated with the histologic subtype of the tumors (P=0.085). Combined CD44v6(+)/CD133(+) was observed in 11 (5.9%) and was associated with a significantly worse survival rate by univariate (P=0.016) and multivariate (P=0.048; Cox hazard ratio, 2.403) analyses. . CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of the combined CD133 and CD44v6 expression could be a useful tool for predicting a poor outcome in patients with SIAC.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wu RL, Huang L, Zhao HC, Geng XP. Hyaluronic acid in digestive cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:1-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
43
|
Luo Y, Tan Y. Prognostic value of CD44 expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:47. [PMID: 27330410 PMCID: PMC4912706 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD44 has been reported to be involved with tumor growth and metastasis and has also been implicated as a CSC marker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the prognostic value of CD44 still remains controversial; hence, we investigated the correlation between CD44 and the clinicopathological features of HCC by meta-analysis. Methods Identification and review of publications assessing clinical or prognostic significance of CD44 expression in HCC until November 1, 2015. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between CD44 expression and clinical outcomes. Results A total of 14 publications met the criteria and comprised 2235 cases. Analysis of these data showed that CD44 expression was not significantly associated with the tumor differentiation (OR 1.48, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.85–2.60, P = 0.17), AFP level of HCC patients (OR 0.83, 95 % CI 0.52–1.33, P = 0.45), or disease-free survival (relative risk [RR] 1.15, 95 % CI, 0.85–1.54; P = 0.36). However, in the identified studies, CD44 expression was highly correlated with tumor TNM classification (OR 2.38, 95 % CI 1.23–4.60; P = 0.01) and decreased overall survival (RR 1.49, 95 % CI, 1.26–1.76; P < 0.00001). Conclusions This meta-analysis shows CD44 expression in HCC is connected with decreased overall and thus marks a worse prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangkun Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, No.55, Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gao Y, Ruan B, Liu W, Wang J, Yang X, Zhang Z, Li X, Duan J, Zhang F, Ding R, Tao K, Dou K. Knockdown of CD44 inhibits the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7828-37. [PMID: 25797261 PMCID: PMC4480719 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has shown that induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to the the expression of CSC (cancer stem cell) markers. However, whether and how CSC markers could be involved in regulating EMT has rarely been reported. CD44, being one of the most commonly used CSC markers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has been demonstrated to act as a multidomain, transmembrane platform that serves to integrate a wide variety of extracellular signals. Therefore, we determined to seek whether CD44 is necessary for the EMT process in HCC. First, we noticed that CD44 expression was associated with the mesenchymal phenotype in HCC cell lines, and knocking down CD44 with lentivirus-mediated shRNA in HCC cell lines resulted in the mesenchymal-epithelial-transition (MET) and the subsequent impaired migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, in a metastatic mice model established by tail vein injection of luciferase labelled MHCC97-H cells, we confirmed that CD44 knockdown resulted in the decreased metastasis of HCC cells. Furthermore, we found that the induction of MET by CD44 inhibition might be achieved, at least in part, by repressing the ERK/Snail pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bai Ruan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihui Liu
- General Surgery Center of PLA, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xisheng Yang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuochao Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juanli Duan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuqing Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaishan Tao
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kefeng Dou
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The Importance of CD44 as a Stem Cell Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2087204. [PMID: 27200096 PMCID: PMC4856920 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2087204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 is a cell surface HA-binding glycoprotein that is overexpressed to some extent by almost all tumors of epithelial origin and plays an important role in tumor initiation and metastasis. CD44 is a compelling marker for cancer stem cells of many solid malignancies. In addition, interaction of HA and CD44 promotes EGFR-mediated pathways, consequently leading to tumor cell growth, tumor cell migration, and chemotherapy resistance in solid cancers. Accumulating evidence indicates that major HA-CD44 signaling pathways involve a specific variant of CD44 isoforms; however, the particular variant almost certainly depends on the type of tumor cell and the stage of the cancer progression. Research to date suggests use of monoclonal antibodies against different CD44 variant isoforms and targeted inhibition of HA/CD44-mediated signaling combined with conventional radio/chemotherapy may be the most favorable therapeutic strategy for future treatments of advanced stage malignancies. Thus, this paper briefly focuses on the association of the major CD44 variant isoforms in cancer progression, the role of HA-CD44 interaction in oncogenic pathways, and strategies to target CD44-overexpressed tumor cells.
Collapse
|
46
|
Jiang BP, Tan X, Shen XC, Lei WQ, Liang WQ, Ji SC, Liang H. One-Step Fabrication of a Multifunctional Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoaggregate for Targeted Cell Imaging and Enzyme-Triggered Cancer Chemotherapy. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:450-454. [PMID: 35607226 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel multifunctional aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanoaggregate for targeted imaging and enzyme-triggered chemotherapy was successfully fabricated via a one-step assembly. In this system, a quaternary ammonium-modified tetraphenylethene derivative (QA-TPE) acted as the AIE fluorophore as well as the chemotherapeutic agent, and a water-soluble acidic polysaccharide, hyaluronic acid (HA) acted as the aggregation-inducing scaffold, AIE turn-on agent, and targeting agent for CD44 receptor-mediated cancer cells. More importantly, HA endowed the QA-TPE/HA nanoaggregate both good biocompatibility and hysteretic chemotherapy activity, which were achieved by controlling the release of QA-TPE using the endogenous HAase in CD44 receptor-mediated cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Ping Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key
Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xueyou Tan
- Ministry of Education Key
Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- Ministry of Education Key
Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qi Lei
- Ministry of Education Key
Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qian Liang
- Ministry of Education Key
Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Chen Ji
- Ministry of Education Key
Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liang
- Ministry of Education Key
Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal
Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Buonaguro L, Tagliamonte M, Petrizzo A, Damiano E, Tornesello ML, Buonaguro FM. Cellular prognostic markers in hepatocellular carcinoma. Future Oncol 2016; 11:1591-8. [PMID: 26043213 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the five big killers worldwide and is frequently associated with chronic hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infections. Tumor microenvironment consists of a complex network of cells and factors that plays a key role in the tumor progression and prognosis. This is true also for HCC. Several studies have shown strikingly strong correlation between HCC clinical prognosis and intratumoral infiltration of cells affecting tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. None of such cells is yet validated for routine diagnostic and prognostic assessment. The present review aims at providing a state-of-the-art of such studies.
Collapse
|
48
|
Cellular Barriers after Extravasation: Leukocyte Interactions with Polarized Epithelia in the Inflamed Tissue. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7650260. [PMID: 26941485 PMCID: PMC4749818 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7650260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the inflammatory response, immune cells egress from the circulation and follow a chemotactic and haptotactic gradient within the tissue, interacting with matrix components in the stroma and with parenchymal cells, which guide them towards the sites of inflammation. Polarized epithelial cells compartmentalize tissue cavities and are often exposed to inflammatory challenges such as toxics or infections in non-lymphoid tissues. Apicobasal polarity is critical to the specialized functions of these epithelia. Indeed, a common feature of epithelial dysfunction is the loss of polarity. Here we review evidence showing that apicobasal polarity regulates the inflammatory response: various polarized epithelia asymmetrically secrete chemotactic mediators and polarize adhesion receptors that dictate the route of leukocyte migration within the parenchyma. We also discuss recent findings showing that the loss of apicobasal polarity increases leukocyte adhesion to epithelial cells and the consequences that this could have for the inflammatory response towards damaged, infected or transformed epithelial cells.
Collapse
|
49
|
Drug delivery system targeting advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Current and future. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:853-869. [PMID: 26772424 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a fairly high morbidity and is notoriously difficult to treat due to long latent period before detection, multidrug resistance and severe drug-related adverse effects from chemotherapy. Targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) that can selectively deliver therapeutic drugs into tumor sites have demonstrated a great potential in cancer treatment, which could be utilized to resolve the limitations of conventional chemotherapy. Numerous preclinical studies of DDS have been published, but targeted DDS for HCC has yet to be made for practical clinical use. Since rational targeted DDS design should take cancer-specific properties into consideration, we have reviewed the biological and physicochemical properties of HCC extensively to provide a comprehensive understanding on HCC, and recent DDS studies on HCC, aiming to find some potential targeted DDSs for HCC treatment and a meaningful platform for further development of HCC treatments. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Hepatocellular carcinoma has a high incidence worldwide and is known to be multidrug resistant. Thus, intensive research is being carried out to find better chemotherapeutic agents as well as new drug delivery systems. In this article, the authors reviewed in depth the current challenges facing new drug designs and also outlined novel targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) in the fight against HCC.
Collapse
|
50
|
Chiba T, Iwama A, Yokosuka O. Cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma: Therapeutic implications based on stem cell biology. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:50-7. [PMID: 26123821 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advances in its diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis of patients with advanced HCC remains unfavorable. Recent advances in stem cell biology and associated technologies have enabled the identification of minor components of tumorigenic cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSC) or tumor-initiating cells, in cancers such as HCC. Furthermore, because CSC play a central role in tumor development, metastasis and recurrence, they are considered to be a therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Hepatic CSC have been successfully identified using functional and cell surface markers. The analysis of purified hepatic CSC has revealed the molecular machinery and signaling pathways involved in their maintenance. In addition, epigenetic transcriptional regulation has been shown to be important in the development and maintenance of CSC. Although inhibitors of CSC show promise as CSC-targeting drugs, novel therapeutic approaches for the eradication of CSC are yet to be established. In this review, we describe recent progress in hepatic CSC research and provide a perspective on the available therapeutic approaches based on stem cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|