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Hu J, Xu H, Ma X, Bai M, Zhou Y, Miao R, Wang F, Li X, Cheng B. Modulating PCGF4/BMI1 Stability Is an Efficient Metastasis-Regulatory Strategy Used by Distinct Subtypes of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1388-1404. [PMID: 38670529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly malignant neoplasm prone to metastasis. Whether cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) affect the metastasis of ICC is unclear. Herein, ICC patient-derived CAF lines and related cancerous cell lines were established and the effects of CAFs on the tumor progressive properties of the ICC cancerous cells were analyzed. CAFs could be classified into cancer-restraining or cancer-promoting categories based on distinct tumorigenic effects. The RNA-sequencing analyses of ICC cancerous cell lines identified polycomb group ring finger 4 (PCGF4; alias BMI1) as a potential metastasis regulator. The changes of PCGF4 levels in ICC cells mirrored the restraining or promoting effects of CAFs on ICC migration. Immunohistochemical analyses on the ICC tissue microarrays indicated that PCGF4 was negatively correlated with overall survival of ICC. The promoting effects of PCGF4 on cell migration, drug resistance activity, and stemness properties were confirmed. Mechanistically, cancer-restraining CAFs triggered the proteasome-dependent degradation of PCGF4, whereas cancer-promoting CAFs enhanced the stability of PCGF4 via activating the IL-6/phosphorylated STAT3 pathway. In summary, the current data identified the role of CAFs in ICC metastasis and revealed a new mechanism of the CAFs on ICC progression in which PCGF4 acted as the key effector by both categories of CAFs. These findings shed light on developing comprehensive therapeutic strategies for ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingzhen Bai
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruidong Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fanghong Wang
- The Fourth Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Bo Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Yoon H, Lee HK, Jang KL. Hydrogen Peroxide Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Downregulating HBx Levels via Siah-1-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation in Human Hepatoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13354. [PMID: 37686160 PMCID: PMC10488175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is constantly exposed to significant oxidative stress characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, during infection in hepatocytes of patients. In this study, we demonstrated that H2O2 inhibits HBV replication in a p53-dependent fashion in human hepatoma cell lines expressing sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide. Interestingly, H2O2 failed to inhibit the replication of an HBV X protein (HBx)-null HBV mutant, but this defect was successfully complemented by ectopic expression of HBx. Additionally, H2O2 upregulated p53 levels, leading to increased expression of seven in absentia homolog 1 (Siah-1) levels. Siah-1, an E3 ligase, induced the ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of HBx. The inhibitory effect of H2O2 was nearly abolished not only by treatment with a representative antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine but also by knockdown of either p53 or Siah-1 using specific short hairpin RNA, confirming the role of p53 and Siah-1 in the inhibition of HBV replication by H2O2. The present study provides insights into the mechanism that regulates HBV replication under conditions of oxidative stress in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyoung Yoon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, The Graduate School, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.Y.); (H.-K.L.)
| | - Hye-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, The Graduate School, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.Y.); (H.-K.L.)
| | - Kyung Lib Jang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, The Graduate School, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; (H.Y.); (H.-K.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Microbiological Resource Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Wu N, Zheng C, Xu J, Ma S, Jia H, Yan M, An F, Zhou Y, Qi J, Bian H. Race between virus and inflammasomes: inhibition or escape, intervention and therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1173505. [PMID: 37465759 PMCID: PMC10351387 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1173505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that further regulates cell pyroptosis and inflammation by activating caspase-1. The assembly and activation of inflammasome are associated with a variety of diseases. Accumulative studies have shown that inflammasome is a key modulator of the host's defense response to viral infection. Indeed, it has been established that activation of inflammasome occurs during viral infection. At the same time, the host has evolved a variety of corresponding mechanisms to inhibit unnecessary inflammasome activation. Therefore, here, we review and summarize the latest research progress on the interaction between inflammosomes and viruses, highlight the assembly and activation of inflammosome in related cells after viral infection, as well as the corresponding molecular regulatory mechanisms, and elucidate the effects of this activation on virus immune escape and host innate and adaptive immune defenses. Finally, we also discuss the potential therapeutic strategies to prevent and/or ameliorate viral infection-related diseases via targeting inflammasomes and its products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijin Wu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunzhi Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases and Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiarui Xu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shujun Ma
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huimin Jia
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meizhu Yan
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fuxiang An
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianni Qi
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongjun Bian
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zhang C, Xie Y, Lai R, Wu J, Guo Z. Nonsynonymous C1653T Mutation of Hepatitis B Virus X Gene Enhances Malignancy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:367-377. [PMID: 35535232 PMCID: PMC9078866 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s348690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The Pingshan County People’s Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xie
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Lai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Animal Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhanjun Guo, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, People’s Republic of China, Tel + 86 311 8609 5734, Fax + 86 311 8609 5237, Email
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Liu Y, Meng X, Wang C, Zhang Y, Hua WW, Wang Z. Interleukin-18 Plays a Positive Feedback Activity to Natural Killer-Like B Cells in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Viral Immunol 2021; 35:50-59. [PMID: 35061511 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer-like B (NKB) cells are a newly identified immune subset, which are separated from NK cells and B cells. NKB cells demonstrated immunoregulatory functions in elimination of microbial infection and inflammation through secretion of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18. However, the role of NKB cells in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related diseases has not been reported. In this study, peripheral T cells, B cells, NK cells, and NKB cells in HBV-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), chronic hepatitis B (CHB), asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsC), and controls were investigated by flow cytometry. Plasma IL-12 and IL-18 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HBV-ACLF patients were stimulated with recombinant IL-12 or IL-18. Changes of immune cell percentage and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) phosphorylation were assessed. There were no statistical differences of T cell percentage, B cell percentage, or NK cell percentage among groups. NKB cell percentage within lymphocytes, and plasma IL-12 and IL-18 levels in HBV-ACLF patients were significantly elevated compared with in CHB, AsC, and controls. NKB cell percentage and IL-18, but not IL-12, had a better prognosis function for the 28-day survival status in HBV-ACLF patients. Recombinant IL-12 enhanced T cell and NK cell percentage, while only high concentrations (10 ng/mL) of IL-18 promoted NKB cell percentage in HBV-ACLF patients. High concentrations (10 ng/mL) of IL-18 induced NF-κB phosphorylation in NKB cells probably through suppression of IL-18 binding protein in HBV-ACLF patients. The current data indicated that elevated NKB cells and IL-18 might be important indicators for poor prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients. Increased IL-18 might play a positive feedback activity to NKB cells in HBV-ACLF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, 964th Hospital of PLA, Changchun, China
| | - Xing Meng
- Intensive Care Unit, 964th Hospital of PLA, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, 964th Hospital of PLA, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen-Wen Hua
- Intensive Care Unit, 964th Hospital of PLA, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, 964th Hospital of PLA, Changchun, China
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Wang M, Feng Z. Mechanisms of Hepatocellular Injury in Hepatitis A. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050861. [PMID: 34066709 PMCID: PMC8151331 DOI: 10.3390/v13050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Despite decades of research, the pathogenic mechanisms of hepatitis A remain incompletely understood. As the replication of HAV is noncytopathic in vitro, a widely accepted concept has been that virus-specific cytotoxic T cells are responsible for liver injury. However, accumulating evidence suggests that natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and even non-HAV-specific CD8+ T cells contribute to liver damage during HAV infection. In addition, intrinsic death of virus-infected hepatocytes has been implicated as a cause of liver injury in a murine model of hepatitis A. Furthermore, genetic variations in host factors such as T cell immunoglobulin-1 (TIM1) and IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) have been linked to hepatitis A severity. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms of hepatocellular injury in hepatitis A. Different mechanisms may be involved under different conditions and they are not necessarily mutually exclusive. A better understanding of these mechanisms would aid in diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated with HAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghang Wang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
| | - Zongdi Feng
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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Nie Y, Deng X, Lan Y, Li L, Li F, Hu F. Comparison and Correlation of Genetic Variability of the HBV Pre-S Region in HIV/HBV Co-Infected Patients: Quasispecies Perspective. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:4327-4334. [PMID: 33293836 PMCID: PMC7719043 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s278415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection can accelerate HBV-induced liver disease. A previous study showed that variation in the HBV pre-S region and quasispecies heterogeneity (Sn, mean genetic distance, dS, dN, and dS/dN) are both related to HBV-induced terminal liver disease in HBV mono-infection. Currently, data are lacking on quasispecies variation of the HBV pre-S region in HIV/HBV co-infection. Investigating the quasispecies variation of the HBV pre-S region and its related factors in HIV/HBV co-infection will help to better explore the pathogenic mechanism of HIV/HBV co-infection. Methods According to the HIV antibody results obtained before treatment, chronic HBV-infected patients were divided into HIV/HBV co-infected and HBV mono-infected groups. The clinical characteristics of all patients were collected, and DNA was extracted from the serum. The HBV pre-S region was amplified by nested PCR and was further TA cloned. BioEdit software 7.0 was used for sequence alignment with reference to the standard sequence of the matched HBV genotype. We used 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) to control for baseline confounding factors between the two groups. Results After 1:1 PSM, we identified 100 patients with similar propensities: 50 HIV/HBV co-infected patients and 50 HBV mono-infected patients. HBV quasispecies indices were lower in the HIV/HBV co-infected group than those in the HBV mono-infected group. A significant correlation was observed between all quasispecies indices and soluble cluster of differentiation 163 (sCD163) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the HIV/HBV co-infected group; however, this phenomenon was not found in the HBV mono-infected group. Conclusion Combined HIV infection reduces quasispecies heterogeneity in the HBV pre-S region, and the quasispecies heterogeneity is related to the sCD163 and IL-18 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Nie
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizi Deng
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Lan
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghua Li
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyu Hu
- Research Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes liver cell pyroptosis under oxidative stress through NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:683-696. [PMID: 32347316 PMCID: PMC7261280 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is a pivotal factor for HBV-induced hepatitis. Herein, we sought to investigate HBx-mediated NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and pyroptosis under oxidative stress. Methods The effect of HBx on the NLRP3 inflammasome was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence in hepatic HL7702 cells. Pyroptosis was evaluated by western blotting, lactate dehydrogenase release, propidium iodide staining, and transmission electron microscopy. NLRP3 expression in the inflammasome from liver tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results In hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated HL7702 cells, HBx triggered the release of pro-inflammatory mediators apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1); activated NLRP3; and initiated pro-inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). HBx localized to the mitochondria, where it induced mitochondrial damage and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS). Treatment of HL7702 cells with a mitoROS scavenger attenuated HBx-induced NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis. Expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, and IL-1β in liver tissues from patients were positively correlated with HBV DNA concentration. Conclusions The NLRP3 inflammasome was activated by elevated mitoROS levels and mediated HBx-induced liver inflammation and hepatocellular pyroptosis under H2O2-stress conditions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00011-020-01351-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ling LR, Zheng DH, Zhang ZY, Xie WH, Huang YH, Chen ZX, Wang XZ, Li D. Effect of HBx on inflammation and mitochondrial oxidative stress in mouse hepatocytes. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2861-2869. [PMID: 32218840 PMCID: PMC7068664 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus × protein (HBx) serves an important role in the pathogenesis of the hepatitis B virus infection. Previous studies have reported that the interaction between HBx and hepatocyte mitochondria is an important factor leading to liver cell injury and apoptosis, ultimately inducing the formation of liver cancer. In the present study, a mouse model expressing HBx was constructed using hydrodynamic in vivo transfection based on the interaction between HBx and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit III. The specific mechanism of HBx-induced oxidative stress in mouse hepatocytes and the subsequent effect on mitochondrial function and inflammatory injury was assessed. The results demonstrated that HBx reduced the activity of COX and the expression of superoxide dismutase and upregulated the expression of malondialdehyde, NF-κB and phospho-AKT, thus increasing oxidative stress. In addition, HBx induced an increase in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-18 expression levels, which created an inflammatory microenvironment in the liver, further promoting hepatocyte inflammatory injury. Therefore, it was proposed that HBx may affect hepatocyte mitochondrial respiration by reducing the activity of cytochrome c oxidase, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and inducing hepatocyte inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Ling
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Hua Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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Jiang H, Cao F, Cao H, Rao Q, Yang Y. Associations of human leukocyte antigen and interleukin-18 gene polymorphisms with viral load in patients with hepatitis B infection. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11249. [PMID: 30045250 PMCID: PMC6078658 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the associations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR and interleukin (IL)-18 gene polymorphisms with hepatitis B virus (HBV).Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed between December 2006 and December 2015 at Xiangyang Central Hospital. HBV patients were assigned to the high and low viral load groups, respectively, according to HBV copies. HLA-DRB1*03 polymorphisms and IL-18 polymorphisms were detected by sequence-specific primer-polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP) and PCR-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR), respectively. T cell subgroups were identified by flow cytometry, and IL-18, IL-12, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-4, and IL-10 expression levels were assessed by ELISA. A total of 630 subjects were included in the analysis.Compared with healthy controls, the chronic HBV group showed significantly lower IL-18 (P < .001), IL-12 (P < .001), and IFN-γ (P < .001) expression levels, and markedly increased IL-4 (P < .001) and IL-10 (P < .001) amounts. Th2 cytokine expression was high in HLA-DRB1*03 positive (+) HBV patients, with low Th1 cytokine levels. The ratios of CD4+/CD8+ and Th1/Th2 cells decreased with increasing HBV DNA levels. The chronic HBV group showed a relatively high frequency of -137G in the IL-18 gene, while IL-18 expression was low in homozygous GG genotype individuals.Polymorphisms in the HLA-DRB1*03 and IL-18 genes are associated with viral load in HBV. HLA-DRB1 and IL-18 gene polymorphisms are involved in the regulation of the Th1/Th2 balance and expression of relevant cytokines that influence immune responses in HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
| | - Qun Rao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Huang F, Cai P, Wang Y, Zhou X, Chen H, Liao W, Mao Y, Zha X, Zhang H, Hu Z. Up-regulation of brain-expressed X-linked 2 is critical for hepatitis B virus X protein-induced hepatocellular carcinoma development. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65789-65799. [PMID: 29029472 PMCID: PMC5630372 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause for HCC. Hepatitis B virus X (HBx), one of four proteins encoded by HBV genome, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of HBV-induced HCC. However, the molecular mechanisms of HBx-triggered HCC remain largely undetermined. Here we revealed that the expression of Brain-expressed X-linked 2 (BEX2) and Osteopontin (OPN) were elevated in liver tissues of HBV transgenic mice and human HCC specimens. Moreover, a positive correlation between BEX2 and OPN was exhibited in samples from HCC patients with HBV infection. The protein levels of BEX2 and OPN were both higher in HBV-positive HCC specimens compared to that of HBV-negative HCC specimens. HBx potentiated OPN expression through up-regulation of BEX2. Importantly, the depletion of BEX2 suppressed tumorigenic potential of HCC cells with highly expressed HBx. We demonstrated the important role of BEX2 in HCC pathogenesis, and BEX2 may be a novel therapeutic target for HCC patients with HBV infection. The newly identified HBx/BEX2/OPN signaling cassette is implicated in the pathogenesis of HBV-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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13
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Pan X, Xu H, Zheng C, Li M, Zou X, Cao H, Xu Q. Human hepatocytes express absent in melanoma 2 and respond to hepatitis B virus with interleukin-18 expression. Virus Genes 2016; 52:445-52. [PMID: 27094165 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is a recently recognized cytoplasmic receptor which could sense cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). After AIM2 detects the presence of parasitic nucleic acids (dsDNA) derived from invasive bacteria or viral genomes (for example, vaccinia virus and cytomegalovirus) within infected cells, AIM2 inflammasome could be formed. The formed AIM2 inflammasome could induce innate immune response and increase expressions of IL-1β and IL-18. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a hepatotropic, non-cytopathic double-stranded DNA virus. The immune response to viral antigens or virus is thought to be responsible for both liver damage and viral clearance in patients with HBV infection. However, there are no reports about whether AIM2 inflammasome exists in hepatocytes. In the present study, we investigated the presence and activity of AIM2 inflammasome in human hepatocytes. We found that AIM2 was expressed in cytoplasm of hepatocytes, and IL-18 expression was increased after AIM2 sensed HBV in hepatocytes in vitro. These results showed that AIM2 inflammasome was active in hepatocytes. We also found that hepatic AIM2 expression of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients was higher than that of controls. Hepatic AIM2 expression levels were positively correlated to the severity of liver inflammation. IL-18 is already considered to be associated with hepatic injury during HBV infection. In conclusion, we, therefore, believe that AIM2 inflammasome in hepatocytes might play an important role in the development and maintenance of HBV-related hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfei Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Changlong Zheng
- Emergency Department, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mei Li
- Special Medical Center, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaofang Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Qihuan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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14
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Markowitz GJ, Yang P, Fu J, Michelotti GA, Chen R, Sui J, Yang B, Qin WH, Zhang Z, Wang FS, Diehl AM, Li QJ, Wang H, Wang XF. Inflammation-Dependent IL18 Signaling Restricts Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth by Enhancing the Accumulation and Activity of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2394-405. [PMID: 26893476 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in liver tissue is an underlying cause of hepatocellular carcinoma. High levels of inflammatory cytokine IL18 in the circulation of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with poor prognosis. However, conflicting results have been reported for IL18 in hepatocellular carcinoma development and progression. In this study, we used tissue specimens from hepatocellular carcinoma patients and clinically relevant mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma to evaluate IL18 expression and function. In a mouse model of liver fibrosis that recapitulates a tumor-promoting microenvironment, global deletion of the IL18 receptor IL18R1 enhanced tumor growth and burden. Similarly, in a carcinogen-induced model of liver tumorigenesis, IL18R1 deletion increased tumor burden. Mechanistically, we found that IL18 exerted inflammation-dependent tumor-suppressive effects largely by promoting the differentiation, activity, and survival of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Finally, differences in the expression of IL18 in tumor tissue versus nontumor tissue were more predictive of patient outcome than overall tissue expression. Taken together, our findings resolve a long-standing contradiction regarding a tumor-suppressive role for IL18 in established hepatocellular carcinoma and provide a mechanistic explanation for the complex relationship between its expression pattern and hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2394-405. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Fu
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gregory A Michelotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jianhua Sui
- Biologics Research Center, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hao Qin
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Department of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Qi-Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hongyang Wang
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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15
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Up-regulation of IL-12 expression in patients with chronic hepatitis B is mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 407:135-42. [PMID: 26062743 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replicates noncytopathically in hepatocytes, but HBV or proteins encoded by HBV genome could induce cytokines, chemokines expression by hepatocytes.IL-12 is a typical proinflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in host defense against pathogens, including the HBV. However, the role of IL-12 in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unclear. The aims of this study were to detect the expression of IL-12 in CHB patients and explore the molecular mechanism of HBV-induced IL-12 expression. The results showed that serum levels and hepatic expression of IL-12 were significantly upregulated in CHB patients. HBx protein increased IL-12 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K/Akt significantly decreased the HBx-induced IL-12 expression and Akt activation. Taken together, these results indicate that the molecular mechanism of HBV-induced IL-12 expression involves activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by HBx, leading to transactivation of the IL-12 p35 and p40 promoters.
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16
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Fan J, Zhang X, Ren L, Chen D, Wu S, Guo F, Qin S, Wang Z, Lin Z, Xing T, Sun X, Peng Z. Donor IL-18 rs5744247 polymorphism as a new biomarker of tacrolimus elimination in Chinese liver transplant patients during the early post-transplantation period: results from two cohort studies. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:239-50. [PMID: 25712187 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study evaluated the relationships between IL-18 polymorphisms and tacrolimus elimination in Chinese liver transplant patients. Patients & methods: Eighty-four liver transplant patients from Shanghai (training set) and 50 patients from Shandong (validating set) were inculded. IL-18 polymorphisms (rs5744247, rs7106524, rs549908, rs187238 and rs1946518) and CYP3A5 rs776746 were genotyped. Results: In training set, daily drug dose, total bilirubin, donor CYP3A5 rs776746 and IL-18 rs5744247 genotypes were screened to construct prediction model for tacrolimus elimination. This model was confirmed in validating set (p < 0.001). Donor IL-18 rs5744247 polymorphism was an independent predictor of tacrolimus elimination in the first week after transplantation in both training (p = 0.008) and validating cohorts (p = 0.033). Conclusion: Donor IL-18 rs5744247 polymorphism may influence on tacrolimus elimination. Original submitted 16 July 2014; Revision submitted 12 November 2014
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaowen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tonghai Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Yang P, Markowitz GJ, Wang XF. The hepatitis B virus-associated tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Natl Sci Rev 2014; 1:396-412. [PMID: 25741453 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwu038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to a majority of cancer types, the initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is intimately associated with a chronically diseased liver tissue, with one of the most prevalent etiological factors being hepatitis B virus (HBV). Transformation of the liver in HBV-associated HCC often follows from or accompanies long-term symptoms of chronic hepatitis, inflammation and cirrhosis, and viral load is a strong predictor for both incidence and progression of HCC. Besides aiding in transformation, HBV plays a crucial role in modulating the accumulation and activation of both cellular components of the microenvironment, such as immune cells and fibroblasts, and non-cellular components of the microenvironment, such as cytokines and growth factors, markedly influencing disease progression and prognosis. This review will explore some of these components and mechanisms to demonstrate both underlying themes and the inherent complexity of these interacting systems in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of HBV-positive HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA ; CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Geoffrey J Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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18
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Fatourou EM, Koskinas JS. Adaptive immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma: prognostic and therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 9:1499-510. [DOI: 10.1586/era.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Feitelson MA, Bonamassa B, Arzumanyan A. The roles of hepatitis B virus-encoded X protein in virus replication and the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:293-306. [PMID: 24387282 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.867947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease (CLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. More than 350 million people are at risk for HCC, and with few treatment options available, therapeutic approaches to targets other than the virus polymerase will be needed. This review suggests that the HBV-encoded X protein, HBx, would be an outstanding target because it contributes to the biology and pathogenesis of HBV in three fundamental ways. AREAS COVERED First, HBx is a trans-activating protein that stimulates virus gene expression and replication, thereby promoting the development and persistence of the carrier state. Second, HBx partially blocks the development of immune responses that would otherwise clear the virus, and protects infected hepatocytes from immune-mediated destruction. Thus, HBx contributes to the development of CLD without virus clearance. Third, HBx alters patterns of host gene expression that make possible the emergence of HCC. The selected literature cited is from the National Library of Medicine (Pubmed and Medline). EXPERT OPINION Understanding the mechanisms, whereby HBx supports virus replication and promotes pathogenesis, suggests that HBx will be an important therapeutic target against both virus replication and CLD aimed at the chemoprevention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Feitelson
- Temple University, College of Science and Technology, Department of Biology , Room 409 BioLife Science Building, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122 , USA +1 215 204 8434 ; +1 215 204 8359 ;
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20
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Lou X, Hou Y, Liang D. Effects of hepatitis B virus X protein on human T cell cytokines. Can J Microbiol 2013; 59:620-6. [PMID: 24011345 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2013-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) plays a significant role in hepatocellular carcinoma development. To investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) on inflammatory cytokines of human T cell, a eukaryotic expression vector, HBx-pEGFP-C1, was constructed and transfected into the Jurkat human T-cell line. Jurkat cells were transfected transiently using Lipofectamine 2000 and activated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-14 mRNA was measured. The results showed that the vector HBx-pEGFP-C1 was successfully constructed, and HBx was expressed in Jurkat cells. Compared with a control group, mRNA of IL-1β and TNF-α was significantly elevated in the HBx-pEGFP-C1 group (p < 0.05), while IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-14 mRNA was decreased (p < 0.05). Therefore, transient overexpression of HBx promoted PHA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and repressed anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion in human T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLi Lou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201600, People's Republic of China
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21
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Han Q, Zhang C, Zhang J, Tian Z. The role of innate immunity in HBV infection. Semin Immunopathol 2012; 35:23-38. [PMID: 22814721 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-012-0331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver diseases. Whether HBV infection is cleared or persists is determined by both viral factors and host immune responses. It becomes clear that innate immunity is of importance in protecting the host from HBV infection and persistence. However, HBV develops strategies to suppress the antiviral immune responses. A combined therapeutic strategy with both viral suppression and enhancement of antiviral immune responses is needed for effective long-term clearance and cure for chronic HBV infection. We and others confirmed that bifunctional siRNAs with both gene silencing and innate immune activation properties are beneficial for inhibition of HBV and represent a potential approach for treatment of viral infection. Understanding the nature of liver innate immunity and their roles in chronic HBV progression and HBV clearance may aid in the design of novel therapeutic strategies for chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmacology & Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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22
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Tang RX, Kong FY, Fan BF, Liu XM, You HJ, Zhang P, Zheng KY. HBx activates FasL and mediates HepG2 cell apoptosis through MLK3-MKK7-JNKs signal module. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:1485-95. [PMID: 22509080 PMCID: PMC3319944 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i13.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Revised: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the possible mechanism by which hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) mediates apoptosis of HepG2 cells. METHODS HBx expression vector pcDNA3.1-X was transfected into HepG2 cells to establish an HBx high-expression cellular model as pcDNA3.1-X transfected group. The pcDNA3.1-X and pSilencer3.1-shHBX (HBx antagonist) were cotransfected into HepG2 cells to establish an HBx low-expression model as RNAi group. Untransfected HepG2 cells and HepG2 cells transfected with negative control plasmid were used as controls. Apoptosis rate, the expression of Fas/FasL signaling pathway-related proteins and the phosphorylation levels of MLK3, MKK7 and JNKs, which are upstream molecules of death receptor pathways and belong to the family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), were measured in each group. RESULTS Compared with HepG2 cell group and RNAi group, apoptosis rate, the expression of Fas and FasL proteins, and the activation of MLK3, MKK7 and JNKs were increased in the pcDNA3.1-X transfected group. The activation of JNKs and expression of FasL protein were inhibited in the pcDNA3.1-X transfected group when treated with a known JNK inhibitor, SP600125. When authors treated pcDNA3.1-X transfected group with K252a, a known MLK3 inhibitor, the activation of MLK3, MKK7 and JNKs as well as expression of FasL protein was inhibited. Furthermore, cell apoptosis rate was also significantly declined in the presence of K252a in the pcDNA3.1-X transfected group. CONCLUSION HBx can induce HepG2 cell apoptosis via a novel active MLK3-MKK7-JNKs signaling module to upregulate FasL protein expression.
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Xia L, Tian D, Huang W, Zhu H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Hu H, Nie Y, Fan D, Wu K. Upregulation of IL-23 expression in patients with chronic hepatitis B is mediated by the HBx/ERK/NF-κB pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:753-64. [PMID: 22174449 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-23 is a newly discovered proinflammatory cytokine that contributes to the maintenance and expansion of Th17 cells. IL-23 has recently been identified as playing a critical role in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism of IL-23 in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains largely unknown. The aims of this study were to detect the expression of IL-23 in CHB patients and to explore the molecular mechanism of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced IL-23 expression. Serum levels and hepatic expression of IL-23 were significantly upregulated in CHB patients. A positive correlation was found between IL-23 expression and the histological activity index score, HBV DNA load, and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. HBx protein increased IL-23 expression in a dose-dependent manner. It also aided in the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which directly bound to the promoters of IL-23 subunits p19 and p40 to facilitate their transcription. NF-κB inhibitors blocked the effect of HBx on IL-23 induction, and NF-κB subunits p65 and p50 increased the augmented IL-23 expression. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation and transfection with ERK dominant-negative plasmid significantly blocked the HBx-induced IL-23 expression. Furthermore, PI3K and Ras-MEK-MAPK inhibitors significantly decreased the ERK1/2 activation and IL-23 expression. Thus, we report a new molecular mechanism for HBV-induced IL-23 expression, which involves the activation of the ERK/NF-κB pathway by HBx, leading to the transactivation of the IL-23 p19 and p40 promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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24
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Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been identified as a major risk factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The pathogenesis of HBV-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis is, however, incompletely understood. Evidence suggests that the HBV X protein (HBx) plays a crucial role in HCC development. HBx is a multifunctional regulator that modulates transcription, signal transduction, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, protein degradation pathways, and genetic stability through interaction with host factors. This review describes the current state of knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of HBV-induced HCC, with a focus on the role of HBx in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Ann Ng
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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25
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Pollicino T, Saitta C, Raimondo G. Hepatocellular carcinoma: the point of view of the hepatitis B virus. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1122-32. [PMID: 21665892 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pollicino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy.
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26
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Guo C, Li D, Lin N, Huang YH, Chen ZX, Wang XZ. Establishment of a mouse model harboring the hepatitis B virus X gene and analysis of expression of apoptosis factors in liver cells of this mouse line. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1225-1230. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i12.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the impact of the hepatitis B virus X gene (HBVX) on the expression of apoptosis factors in liver cells.
METHODS: The eukaryotic expression vector PCDNA3.1-HBVX was injected into the caudal vein of mice to establish a mouse model expressing the HBVX gene. Mice injected with empty PCDNA3.1 vector or normal saline were used as controls. RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of HBVX in liver tissue 48 h after injection. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of bax, bcl-2, and c-myc in liver cells of different groups of mice.
RESULTS: HBX mRNA and protein were detected in liver tissue in mice injected with the PCDNA3.1-HBVX vector, but not in controls. Compared to controls, the expression of bax, c-myc and bcl-2 was up-regulated in liver tissue in mice injected with the PCDNA3.1-HBVX vector (bax: 1.3127 ± 0.0900 vs 1.0023 ± 0.1670, 0.9094 ± 0.1081; c-myc: 1.6294 ± 0.0672 vs 1.2869 ± 0.0880, 0.9757 ± 0.0397; bcl-2: 1.5567 ± 0.1257 vs 0.6856 ± 0.1554, 0.5488 ± 0.1278, all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: A mouse model harboring the HBVX gene has been established successfully. Expression of the HBx gene can up-regulate the expression of Bax, c-Myc and Bcl-2 in liver cells.
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27
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Pan X, Cao H, Lu J, Shu X, Xiong X, Hong X, Xu Q, Zhu H, Li G, Shen G. Interleukin-32 expression induced by hepatitis B virus protein X is mediated through activation of NF-κB. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:1573-7. [PMID: 21481941 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
HBV replicates noncytopathically in hepatocytes, but HBV or proteins encoded by HBV genome could induce cytokines, chemokines expression by hepatocytes. Moreover, liver damage in patients with HBV infection is immune-mediated and cytokines play important roles in immune-mediated liver damage after HBV infection. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a proinflammatory cytokine and plays a critical role in inflammation. However, the role of HBV in IL-32 expression remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that hepatitis B virus protein X (HBx) increases IL-32 expression through the promoter of IL-32 at positions from -746 to +25 and in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that increase of NF-κB subunits p65 and p50 in Huh7 cells also augments IL-32 expression, and the NF-κB inhibitor blocks the effect of HBx on IL-32 induction. These results indicate that NF-κB activation is required for HBx-induced IL-32 expression. In conclusion, IL-32 is induced by HBx in Huh7 cells. Our results suggest that IL-32 might play an important role in inflammatory response after HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfei Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
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28
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Cho EY, Choi CS, Cho JH, Kim HC. Association between Hepatitis B Virus X Gene Mutations and Clinical Status in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. Gut Liver 2011; 5:70-6. [PMID: 21461076 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2011.5.1.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Few reports have described the association between mutations in the entire X gene of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the clinical status of HBV-infected patients. We studied the association between HBV X gene mutations and the disease status of patients infected with HBV genotype C. METHODS Mutations in the HBV X genes of 194 patients were determined by direct sequencing. The subject population consisted of patients with chronic hepatitis (n=60), liver cirrhosis (n=65), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n=69). The sequencing results of these 3 groups were compared. RESULTS Each of the mutations G1386M, C1485T, C1653T, T1753V, A1762T, and G1764A was significantly associated with the patient's clinical status. The T1753V (p<0.001) and A1762T/G1764A (p<0.001) mutations were found more frequently in Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative than in HBeAg-positive patients. Specific X gene mutations (G1386M, C1653T, and A1762T/G1764A) were more prevalent in patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC than in chronic hepatitis patients (p<0.005 for all). In addition, the T1753V (p<0.001) and C1485T (p<0.001) mutations were significantly more prevalent in HCC patients than in chronic hepatitis patients. Only the prevalence of the T1753V mutation increased as the HBV infection progressed from liver cirrhosis to HCC (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show a difference in the pattern of X gene mutations that were associated with the clinical status of patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
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Sylvan SPE, Hellstrom UB. Modulation of serum interleukin-18 concentrations and hepatitis B virus DNA levels during interferon therapy in patients with hepatitis B e-antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 30:901-8. [PMID: 20973680 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2010.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was (1) to determine plasma values of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in patients with different clinical manifestations of hepatitis B (HB) and (2) to analyze the correlation between presence of circulatory levels of IL-18 and levels of HB virus (HBV) DNA during interferon-alpha (IFN-α)-induced HBe seroconversion in patients with chronic HB (CHB). The IL-18 levels in serum did not significantly differ between healthy control subjects (99 ± 25 pg/mL), HB-immune patients (85 ± 33), and asymptomatic carriers of HB surface antigen (144 ± 44 pg/mL). In contrast, anti-HBe (HBV DNA <10⁴ copies/mL, 555 ± 248, P < 0.05), anti-HBe (HBV DNA >10⁴ copies/mL, 280 ± 85, P < 0.05), and HBe-antigen-reactive (373 ± 108, P < 0.0001) patients with symptomatic CHB had significantly elevated levels in circulation compared with healthy control subjects (99 ± 25 pg/mL). An inverse correlation was found between serum HBV DNA copies and IL-18 levels during therapy (r = -0.54, P < 0.001). We consistently observed an IFN-α-induced suppression of viral replication, which was followed by the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare. There was a significant increase in IL-18 production after the ALT flare, where the peak of IL-18 preceded or coincided with the time of HBe seroconversion in patients who cleared the virus. These results suggest that IL-18 is involved in the pathogenesis of CHB and that IFN-α therapy can augment the production of IL-18 in patients with CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staffan P E Sylvan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Lee MJ, Jin YH, Kim K, Choi Y, Kim HC, Park S. Expression of hepatitis B virus x protein in hepatocytes suppresses CD8 T cell activity. Immune Netw 2010; 10:126-34. [PMID: 20844737 PMCID: PMC2939357 DOI: 10.4110/in.2010.10.4.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD8+ T cells contribute to the clearance of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and an insufficient CD8+ T cell response may be one of the major factors leading to chronic HBV infection. Since the HBx antigen of HBV can up-regulate cellular expression of several immunomodulatory molecules, we hypothesized that HBx expression in hepatocytes might affect CD8+ T cell activity. Methods We analyzed the activation and apoptosis of CD8+ T cells co-cultured with primary hepatocytes rendered capable of expressing HBx by recombinant baculovirus infection. Results Expression of HBx in hepatocytes induced low production of interferon-γ and apoptosis of CD8+ T cells, with no effect on CD8 T cell proliferation. However, transcriptional levels of H-2K, ICAM-1 and PD-1 ligand did not correlate with HBx expression in hepatocytes. Conclusion Our results suggest that HBx may inhibit CD8+ T cell response by regulation of interferon-γ production and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 442-721, Korea
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Guy CS, Wang J, Michalak TI. Hepadnaviral infection augments hepatocyte cytotoxicity mediated by both CD95 ligand and perforin pathways. Liver Int 2010; 30:396-405. [PMID: 19912529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Recently, we documented that hepatocytes can eliminate contacted cells via the CD95 ligand (CD95L)-CD95 pathway and that they are also equipped in perforin and granzyme B and can eradicate other cells via the granule exocytosis mechanism. The aim of this study was to assess whether hepadnaviral infection modifies hepatocyte-mediated cell killing. METHODS Primary hepatocytes from woodchucks with progressing or resolved hepadnaviral hepatitis and hepatocyte lines transfected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) genes were examined for cytotoxic effector activity against cell targets susceptible to CD95L and/or perforin-dependent killing. Hepatocytes from healthy animals served as controls. RESULTS Actively progressing and resolved hepadnaviral hepatitis is associated with a significantly greater capacity of hepatocytes to kill contacted cells. Both hepatocyte CD95L- and perforin-dependent cytotoxicity were augmented. Hepatocytes transfected with WHV X gene, but not those with complete WHV genome or virus envelope or core gene, transcribed significantly more CD95L and perforin and killed cell targets more efficiently. Exposure to interferon-gamma profoundly enhanced hepatocyte cell killing. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte cytotoxic potential is significantly augmented during and following resolution of active hepadnaviral hepatitis. Hepatocyte cytotoxic activity may contribute to both liver physiological functions and the pathogenesis and progression of liver disease, including viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford S Guy
- Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group, Health Sciences Centre, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, NF, Canada
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Chen HY, Zheng LL, Li XS, Wei ZY, Cui BA, Li XK, Liu JP, Yin HZ, Meng JT, Zhang Y, Li SM. Cloning, in vitro expression, and bioactivity of interleukin-18 isolated from a domestic porcine breed found in Henan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 57:129-35. [PMID: 19732142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2009.00589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of recombinant porcine interleukin-18 (rpIL-18) on the replication of viruses in host cells and proliferation of lymphocytes, porcine IL-18 (pIL-18) isolated from a domestic big-white porcine breed found in the Henan province (HN) was cloned using a reverse transcriptase-PCR. The cloned HN pIL-18 contained an ORF of 579 base pairs encoding a 192-amino-acid precursor protein. The amino acid sequence of HN pIL-18 was compared with all the other pIL-18 amino acid sequences and varied by at least one amino acid to the consensus of all the others available. HN pIL-18 mature protein gene was inserted into a prokaryotic vector pGEX-4T-1 and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The expression of glutathione-S-transferase-pIL18 fusion protein was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. The rpIL-18 induced in vitro proliferation of concanavalin-A-stimulated porcine splenocytes, as revealed by the MTT assay. We studied the antiviral activities of the rpIL-18 on the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), and porcine parvovirus (PPV) cultured in two homologous cell lines. The results suggested that rpIL-18 can stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes and inhibit viral pathogens infecting the porcine population.
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Li L, Liu HX, He D, Chen JH, Zhang JN, Quan YY. Effect of interleukin-18 on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:1764-1767. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i17.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the relationship between rats' degree of insulin resistance and the concentration of IL-18 during the process of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by feeding a fat-rich diet, and to discuss the effect of IL-18 on NAFLD in rats.
METHODS: Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal diet group (NG) and a fat-rich diet group (FG), and there were 24 rats in each group. At the end of feeding for 2, 4, 6 and 8 wk, 6 rats in each group were randomly selected, the serum fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin (FINS) and the fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI), and the concentration of IL-18 in serum and liver tissue serosity were measured. Hepatic steatosis in all rats was scored according to criteria under light microscopy.
RESULTS: All FG rats had a significant elevated level of serum FINS, FIRI from the fourth weekend; The concentration of liver IL-18 and serum IL-18 of rats in FG was increasing gradually, in comparison with the NG, there was a difference in liver IL-18 of FG from the second weekend and serum IL-18 from the fourth weekend (all P < 0.05). FINS, FIRI and IL-18 were all positively correlated with hepatic steatosis in FG (r = 0.951, 0.971, 0.950, 0.937, all P < 0.05). Serum IL-18 and FINS, serum IL-18 and FIRI, liver IL-18 and FINS, liver IL-18 and FIRI all had positive relationship (r = 0.951, 0.933, 0.929, 0.913, all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: IR may play an important role in the development of NAFLD by feeding rats fat-rich diet, and IL-18 may participate in the pathogenesis of NAFLD possibly through with a link to IR.
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Fang F, Liu P, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhang J, Gao Y, Zeng L, Guo Y. Studies of keratins in tongue coating samples of hepatitis B patients by mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:1703-1709. [PMID: 19412920 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pooled tongue coating samples from 64 hepatitis B patients and 24 healthy adults were studied and a major band of differential proteins was found by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The differential proteins in this band were identified and proved to be keratins by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, relative quantification of the identified keratins was performed via using stable isotopic labeling and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), showing the higher expression level of these keratins in tongue coating samples of hepatitis B patients than healthy adults. These results provided additional information to understand the medical diagnosis depending on the tongue coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Shanghai Mass Spectrometry Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Putative roles of hepatitis B x antigen in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. Cancer Lett 2009; 286:69-79. [PMID: 19201080 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Under most circumstances, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is noncytopathic. However, hepatocellular regeneration that accompanies each bout of hepatitis appears to be associated with increased integration of HBV DNA fragments expressing the virus encoded hepatitis B x antigen (HBxAg). Intrahepatic HBxAg staining correlates with the intensity and progression of chronic liver disease (CLD), and additional work has shown that HBxAg blocks immune mediated killing by Fas and by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). This is not only associated with the blockage of caspase activities by HBxAg, but also by the constitutive stimulation of hepatoprotective pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and beta-catenin (beta-catenin). HBxAg also appears to promote fibrogenesis, by stimulating the production of fibronectin. HBxAg also stimulates the production and activity of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) by several mechanisms, thereby promoting the profibrogenic and tumorigenic properties of this important cytokine. In addition, HBxAg appears to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) by altering the expression of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which may promote tumor metastasis. Hence, HBxAg appears to promote chronic infection by preventing immune mediated apoptosis of infected hepatocytes, by promoting the establishment and persistence of fibrosis and cirrhosis preceding the development of HCC, and by promoting the remodeling of EMC during tumor progression.
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Wang HN, Wang YR, Liu GQ, Liu Z, Wu PX, Wei XL, Hong TP. Inhibition of hepatic interleukin-18 production by rosiglitazone in a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:7240-6. [PMID: 19084941 PMCID: PMC2776884 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.7240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone (RGZ) on expression of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and caspase-1 in liver of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats.
METHODS: Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control, NAFLD, and RGZ treated NAFLD groups. A NAFLD rat model of NAFLD was established by feeding the animals with a high-fat diet for 12 wk. The NAFLD animals were treated with RGZ or vehicle for the last 4 wk (week 9-12) and then sacrificed to obtain liver tissues. Histological changes were analyzed with HE, oil red O and Masson’s trichrome staining. Expressions of IL-18 and caspase-1 were detected using immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.
RESULTS: The expression levels of both IL-18 and caspase-1 were higher in the liver of NAFLD group than in the control group. Steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, found in the liver of NAFLD rats, were significantly improved 4 wk after RGZ treatment. The elevated hepatic IL-18 and caspase-1 expressions in NAFLD group were also significantly attenuated after RGZ treatment.
CONCLUSION: RGZ treatment can ameliorate increased hepatic IL-18 production and histological changes in liver of NAFLD rats. The beneficial effects of RGZ on NAFLD may be partly due to its inhibitory effect on hepatic IL-18 production.
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Feitelson MA, Reis HMGPV, Pan J, Clayton M, Sun B, Satiroglu-Tufan NL, Lian Z. HBV X protein: elucidating a role in oncogenesis. Future Virol 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/17460794.3.5.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic HBV infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV contributes to tumorigenesis by encoding hepatitis B x antigen (HBxAg), which is a trans-regulatory protein that appears to contribute to HCC by altering patterns of host gene expression. In this review, recent data is presented that outlines some of the putative mechanisms whereby HBxAg contributes to HCC. With the development of animal models of HBxAg-mediated HCC, the relevance and temporal order of putative steps in this process can now be dissected to elucidate what is rate limiting and when. This will have a profound impact on the design of novel and specific therapeutics for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Feitelson
- Department of Biology, College of Science & Technology, Temple University, PA 19122, USA. and, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science & Technology, Temple University, PA 19122, USA
| | - Helena MGPV Reis
- MIT Portugal Program, Av. Antonio Jose de Almeida, 12 1000–043 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jingbo Pan
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, PA 19107, USA
| | - Marcy Clayton
- Department of Biology, College of Science & Technology, Temple University, PA 19122, USA
| | - Bill Sun
- Department of Biology, College of Science & Technology, Temple University, PA 19122, USA
| | - N Lale Satiroglu-Tufan
- Department of Medical Biology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Kinikli Kampusu Morfoloji Binasi, 20020 Denizli, Turkey
| | - Zhaorui Lian
- Department of Biology, College of Science & Technology, Temple University, PA 19122, USA
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Kim KH, Shin HJ, Kim K, Choi HM, Rhee SH, Moon HB, Kim HH, Yang US, Yu DY, Cheong J. Hepatitis B virus X protein induces hepatic steatosis via transcriptional activation of SREBP1 and PPARgamma. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:1955-67. [PMID: 17484888 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatic steatosis occurs frequently in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Recently, several studies suggested that steatosis plays an important role as a cofactor in other liver diseases such as hepatic fibrosis, hepatitis, and liver cancer. In contrast to HCV, however, the molecular mechanism by which HBV mediates hepatic steatosis has not been clearly studied. Here, we show the molecular mechanism by which hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) induces hepatic steatosis. METHODS Lipid accumulation and the expression of various lipid metabolic genes were investigated in HBx-transfected Chang liver cells, HepG2-HBx stable cells, and HBx-transgenic mice. RESULTS Overexpression of HBx induced hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2-HBx stable cells and HBx-transgenic mice. It also up-regulated the messenger RNA and protein levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1, but not peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Moreover, we also determined that the expression of HBx increases PPARgamma gene expression as well as its transcriptional activity in hepatic cells, mediated by CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha activation. Finally, we showed that HBx expression is able to up-regulate the gene expressions of various lipogenic and adipogenic enzymes in hepatic cells. CONCLUSIONS We showed that the increased HBx expression causes lipid accumulation in hepatic cells mediated by sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and PPARgamma, which could be a putative molecular mechanism mediating the pathophysiology of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kook Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Nilkaeo A, Bhuvanath S. Role of interleukin-18 in modulation of oral carcinoma cell proliferation. Mediators Inflamm 2006; 2006:67120. [PMID: 16951494 PMCID: PMC1592604 DOI: 10.1155/mi/2006/67120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a proinflammatory cytokine, is produced by oral epithelia and carcinoma cells and implicated in tumor regression. Since its direct biological effect on oral cancer cells is not well defined, in this study, we employed a KB cell line to test IL-18 activity. Recombinant human IL-18 significantly inhibited KB cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion (P < .05) without increasing cytotoxicity. Analysis of its mode of action showed that IL-18 induced cell cycle arrest in the S phase; however, it did not trigger apoptotic cell death. Findings in this study indicate that the suppression of KB cell proliferation was attributed to the modulation of cell cycle progression, providing a new role of this cytokine in antitumor mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athip Nilkaeo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science,
Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla 90112, Thailand
- *Athip Nilkaeo:
| | - Suthinee Bhuvanath
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science,
Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla 90112, Thailand
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N/A, 林 纳. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:2579-2585. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i26.2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Crawford DR, Ostrowski S, Vakharia D, Ilic Z, Sell S. Separate origins of hepatitis B virus surface antigen-negative foci and hepatocellular carcinomas in transgenic HBsAg (alb/psx) mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 169:223-32. [PMID: 16816375 PMCID: PMC1698773 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.051284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the development and transgene expression in liver lesions of transgenic mice bearing the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) gene of hepatitis B virus under the control of the albumin promoter (alb/psx) to study liver regeneration and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with hepatitis B virus infection. Storage of the HBsAg in the endoplasmic reticulum precedes loss of liver cells and regenerative hyperplastic nodules that do not express HBsAg. Histological analysis indicated that HBsAg-negative foci and nodules arose from liver progenitor cells in the portal zone and lacked mRNA expression. Genomic DNA from eight of nine HBsAg-negative laser capture-excised liver foci showed loss of part of the alb/psx gene, whereas no loss of the actin gene was observed. The alb/psx DNA was intact in adjacent HBsAg-positive tissue. Sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products suggested that alterations in the HBsAg transgene in HBsAg-negative foci occurred via large-scale deletions as opposed to single-site mutations. Southern blot analysis of HCC from 2-year-old transgenic HBsAg mice, however, revealed an intact alb/psx gene. Thus, HBsAg-negative progenitor cells with deletions in the transgene appear to be responsible for compensatory regeneration of the liver, whereas HCCs arise from clonal expansion of hepatocytes with intact alb/psx transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana R Crawford
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, The Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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Kremsdorf D, Soussan P, Paterlini-Brechot P, Brechot C. Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: paradigms for viral-related human carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2006; 25:3823-33. [PMID: 16799624 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As discussed in detail in other chapters of this review, chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most HCCs complicate the evolution of an active or inactive cirrhosis. However, some tumors occur on livers with minimal histological changes; the prevalence of such cases varies from one geographical region to the other, being much higher in the southern half of Africa (around 40% of HCCs) than in Asia, America and Europe, where at least 90% of HCCs are associated with the cirrhosis. This heterogeneity is probably a reflection of different environmental and genetic factors. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in HBV-related liver carcinogenesis. It will show in particular how viruses can be viewed as tools to discover and dissect new cellular pathways involved in cancer development and emphasize the potential synergistic effects between HBV and hepatitis C virus, as well as between viral infections and other environmental factors, such as alcohol.
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López-Bermejo A, Bosch M, Recasens M, Biarnés J, Esteve E, Casamitjana R, Vendrell J, Ricart W, Fernández-Real JM. Potential role of interleukin-18 in liver disease associated with insulin resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 13:1925-31. [PMID: 16339124 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin (IL)-18 has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both risk factors for the development of liver disease, but the role of IL-18 in liver disease associated with insulin resistance is presently unknown. We hypothesized that circulating IL-18 would be related to serum concentrations of liver chemistry tests (LCTs) in apparently healthy subjects and wished to study whether this correlation was dependent on insulin sensitivity (S(I)). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES One hundred six apparently healthy white men consecutively enrolled in a cross-sectional, population-based study dealing with S(I) in men were studied, and S(I) (minimal model analysis), LCTs (colorimetry), and IL-18 serum concentrations (immunoassay) were assessed. RESULTS Compared with subjects in the lowest quartile for serum IL-18, subjects in the highest quartile exhibited increased serum triglycerides and decreased S(I), in addition to higher serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (all p < 0.05). The direct association between both ALT and AST and IL-18 was further confirmed by examining the distribution of serum IL-18 by quartiles of ALT and AST. Subjects in the highest quartile for serum ALT and AST had higher IL-18 concentrations compared with subjects in the lowest quartile for these LCTs (both p = 0.01). In multiple regression analysis, IL-18, but not S(I), was an independent predictor of serum concentrations of ALT and AST, explaining 7% and 4% of their variance, respectively. DISCUSSION In summary, IL-18 serum concentrations are associated in apparently healthy humans with plasma concentrations of various LCTs. IL-18 could contribute to the development of liver disease associated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel López-Bermejo
- Unit of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Av. Francia s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain.
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Mishiro T, Hamamoto S, Furuta K, Ishimura N, Rumi MAK, Miyake T, Sato S, Ishihara S, Adachi K, Kinoshita Y. Quantitative measurement of hepatitis B virus DNA in different areas of hepatic lobules in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Med Virol 2005; 78:37-43. [PMID: 16299726 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Liver histology in chronic hepatitis B is marked by inflammatory infiltration involving the peripheral zones. The cause of such cellular infiltration remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the amounts of intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA separately in the peripheral and central zones, using laser capture microdissection coupled with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Fourteen patients with chronic hepatitis B were included in the study. Liver biopsy samples were taken and hepatocytes were microdissected separately from peripheral and central zones. DNA was extracted from hepatocytes in each zone and evaluated the amounts of HBV-DNA. Immunohistochemical study for hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was also performed. The amounts of total intrahepatic HBV-DNA in patients positive for hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) were greater than those in HBeAg-negative patients. There was no difference in HBV-DNA between the peripheral and central zones. Immunohistochemistry also showed that HBcAg-positive cells were distributed homogeneously in the hepatic lobules. In patients with peripherally predominant HBV-DNA, the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was lower than in patients with centrally predominant HBV-DNA. HBV-DNA was distributed homogeneously in the hepatic lobules. In patients with lower amounts of HBV-DNA in the peripheral zone, the serum ALT level tended to be higher than in other patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Mishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) is a pathogen well-adapted to the nervous system, where it infects neurons. RABV is transmitted by the bite of an infected animal. It enters the nervous system via a motor neuron through the neuromuscular junction, or via a sensory nerve through nerve spindles. It then travels from one neuron to the next, along the spinal cord to the brain and the salivary glands. The virions are then excreted in the saliva of the animal and can be transmitted to another host by bite. Thus preservation of neuronal network integrity is crucial for the virus to be transmitted. Successful invasion of the nervous system by RABV seems to be the result of a subversive strategy based on the survival of infected neurons. This strategy includes protection against virus-mediated apoptosis and destruction of T cells that invade the CNS in response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lafon
- Unité de Neuroimmunologie Virale, Département de Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene on apoptosis and expressions of apoptosis factors in X gene-transfected HepG2 cells.
METHODS: The HBV X gene eukaryon expression vector pcDNA3-X was transiently transfected into HepG2 cells by lipid-media transfection. Untransfected HepG2 and HepG2 transfected with pcDNA3 were used as controls. Expression of HBx in HepG2 was identified by RT-PCR. MTT and TUNEL were employed to measure proliferation and apoptosis of cells in three groups. Semi-quantified RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of Fas/FasL, Bax/Bcl-xL, and c-myc in each group.
RESULTS: HBV X gene was transfected into HepG2 cells successfully. RT-PCR showed that HBx was only expressed in HepG2/pcDNA3-X cells, but not expressed in HepG2 and HepG2/pcDNA3 cells. Analyzed by MTT, cell proliferation capacity was obviously lower in HepG2/pcDNA3-X cells (0.08910±0.003164) than in HepG2 (0.14410±0.004927) and HepG2/pcDNA3 cells (0.12150±0.007159) (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Analyzed by TUNEL, cell apoptosis was much more in HepG2/pcDNA3-X cells (980/2 000) than HepG2 (420/2 000), HepG2/pcDNA3 cells (520/2 000) (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Evaluated by semi-quantified RT-PCR, the expression level of Fas/FasL was significantly higher in HepG2 cells transfected with HBx than in HepG2 and HepG2/pcDNA3cells (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Bax/Bcl-xL expression level was also elevated in HepG2/pcDNA3-X cells (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Expression of c-myc was markedly higher in HepG2/pcDNA3-X cells than in HepG2 and HepG2/pcDNA3 cells (P<0.05 andP<0.01).
CONCLUSION: HBV X gene can impair cell proliferation capacity, improve cell apoptosis, and upregulate expression of apoptosis factors. The intervention of HBV X gene on the expression of apoptosis factors may be a possible mechanism responsible for the change in cell apoptosis and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian Province, China
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Yang Q, Cheng J, Dong J, Zhang J, Zhang SL. Molecular epidemiological study on pre-X region of hepatitis B virus and identification of hepatocyte proteins interacting with whole-X protein by yeast two-hybrid. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:3473-8. [PMID: 15948258 PMCID: PMC4316007 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i22.3473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify the pre-X region in hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome and to study the relationship between the genotype and the pre-X region. To investigate the biological function of whole-X (pre-X plus X) protein, we performed yeast two-hybrid to screen proteins in liver interacting with whole-X protein.
METHODS: The pre-X region of HBV was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and was cloned to pGEM Teasy vector. After the target region was sequenced, Vector 8.0 software was used to analyze the sequences. The whole-X bait plasmid was constructed by using yeast two-hybrid system 3. Yeast strain AH109 was transformed. After expression of the whole-X protein in AH109 yeast strains was proved, yeast two-hybrid screening was performed by mating AH109 with Y187 containing liver cDNA library plasmid. The mated yeast was plated on quadruple dropout medium and assayed for α-gal activity. The interaction between whole-X protein and the protein obtained from positive colonies was further confirmed by repeating yeast two-hybrid. After extracting and sequencing of plasmid from blue colonies, we carried out analysis by bioinformatics.
RESULTS: After sequencing, 27 of 45 clones (60%) were found encoding the pre-X peptide. Eighteen of twenty-seven clones (66.7%) of pre-X coding sequences were found from genotype C. Five positive colonies that interacted with whole-X protein were obtained and sequenced; namely, fetuin B, UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family-polypeptide A9, mannose-P-dolichol utilization defect 1, fibrinogen-B beta polypeptide, transmembrane 4 superfamily member 4-CD81 (TM4SF4).
CONCLUSION: The pre-X gene exists in HBV genome. Genes of proteins interacting with whole-X protein in hepatocytes were successfully cloned. These results brought some new clues for studying the biological functions of whole-X protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China
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Yeo MG, Yoo YG, Choi HS, Pak YK, Lee MO. Negative cross-talk between Nur77 and small heterodimer partner and its role in apoptotic cell death of hepatoma cells. Mol Endocrinol 2004; 19:950-63. [PMID: 15625237 DOI: 10.1210/me.2004-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nur77, an orphan nuclear receptor, has been implicated in apoptosis of a variety of cell types, including hepatocytes. The small heterodimer partner (SHP) binds and inhibits the function of many nuclear receptors. Here, we investigated cross-talk between Nur77 and SHP during anti-Fas antibody (CH11)-mediated apoptosis of hepatic cells. Expression of SHP decreased, whereas antisense SHP enhanced, the transcriptional activity of Nur77 in HepG2 cells. SHP and Nur77 were physically associated in vivo and colocalized in the nucleus. SHP decreased the transactivation function of the N-terminal domain of Nur77 that recruits coactivators. Nur77 and SHP competitively bound to cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein and the expression of coactivators, such as cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein and activating signal cointegrator-2, recovered the decreased function of Nur77 caused by SHP. Finally, SHP was differentially expressed in hepatoma cell lines in that it was not detected in the interferon-gamma (IFNgamma)/CH11-sensitive SNU354, whereas it was significantly expressed in the IFNgamma/CH11-resistant HepG2. Interestingly, a stable SNU354 cell line that expressed SHP became resistant to the IFNgamma/CH11-induced apoptosis. Together, our results suggest that SHP plays a key role in the regulation of Nur77 activation and thereby in Nur77-mediated apoptosis in the liver.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Binding, Competitive
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/chemistry
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Dimerization
- Down-Regulation
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivators
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/analysis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/analysis
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/analysis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcriptional Activation
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Goo Yeo
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Sillim, Kwanak, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Yang Y, Hong Y, Cheng J, Zhao YR, Huang YP, Wang JJ. Down-regulatory effects of HBsAg promoter ⅠDNA binding protein 1 on IL-18 gene expression. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:2797-2800. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i12.2797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship between HBsAg promoterⅠDNA binding protein 1 (SBP1) and IL-18 promoter gene expression.
METHODS: Recombinant plasmid, named pcDNA3.1(-)-SBP1, were constructed by inserting a gene fragment of hepatitis B virus surface antigen promoterⅠDNA binding protein1 (SBP1) into pcDNA3.1(-). Then it was transfected into HepG2 cells transfected with pCAT3-IL-18P by FuGENE 6 transfection reagents. The activity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) in HepG2 cells was detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) after 48 h.
RESULTS: pcDNA3.1(-)-SBP1 was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. The expression of CAT in HepG2 cells co-transfected with pCAT3-IL-18P and pcDNA3.1(-)-SBP1 was 0.37 times of that transfected with pCAT3-basic, and 0.17 times of that transfected with pCAT3-IL-18P. The inhibitory rate was about 86.32%.
CONCLUSION: SBP1 can down-regulate the expression of IL-18P promoter, which provides new evidence to explain the molecular biological mechanisms of SBP1 in the interactions between IL-18P and hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Hong
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infections Diseases, 302 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infections Diseases, 302 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ying-Ren Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Ping Huang
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infections Diseases, 302 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Institute of Infections Diseases, 302 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, China
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