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Sorski L, Shaashua L, Melamed R, Matzner P, Ben-Eliyahu S. Selective Harvesting of Marginating-hepatic Leukocytes. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27500423 DOI: 10.3791/53918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Marginating-hepatic (MH) leukocytes (leukocytes adhering to the sinusoids of the liver), were shown to exhibit unique composition and characteristics compared to leukocytes of other immune compartments. Specifically, evidence suggests a distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory profile of the MH-leukocyte population and higher cytotoxicity of liver-specific NK cells (namely, pit cells) compared to circulating or splenic immunocytes in both mice and rats. The method presented herein enables selective harvesting of MH leukocytes by forced perfusion of the liver in mice and rats. In contrast to other methods used to extract liver-leukocytes, including tissue grinding and biological degradation, this method exclusively yields leukocytes from the liver sinusoids, uncontaminated by cells from other liver compartments. In addition, the perfusion technique better preserves the integrity and the physiological milieu of MH leukocytes, sparing known physiological responses to tissue processing. As many circulating malignant cells and infected cells are detained while passing through the liver sinusoids, physically interacting with endothelial cells and resident leukocytes, the unique MH leukocyte population is strategically located to interact, identify, and react towards aberrant circulating cells. Thus, selective harvesting of MH-leukocytes and their study under various conditions may advance our understanding of the biological and clinical significance of MH leukocytes, specifically with respect to circulating aberrant cells and liver-related diseases and cancer metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Sorski
- Sagol School of Neuroscience & School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University
| | - Lee Shaashua
- Sagol School of Neuroscience & School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University
| | - Rivka Melamed
- Sagol School of Neuroscience & School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University
| | - Pini Matzner
- Sagol School of Neuroscience & School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University
| | - Shamgar Ben-Eliyahu
- Sagol School of Neuroscience & School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University;
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Pampena MB, Levy EM. Natural killer cells as helper cells in dendritic cell cancer vaccines. Front Immunol 2015; 6:13. [PMID: 25674087 PMCID: PMC4309200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy has generated highly variable clinical results due to differing methods of vaccine preparation and variation in patient populations among other lesser factors. Moreover, these clinical responses do not necessarily correspond with the induction of tumor-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes. Here, we review the participation of natural killer (NK) cells as alternative immune components that could cooperate in successful vaccination treatment. NK cells have been described as helper cells in dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines, but the role in other kinds of vaccination strategies (whole cells, peptide, or DNA-based vaccines) is poorly understood. In this article, we address the following issues regarding the role of NK cells in cancer vaccines: NK cell anti-tumor action sites, and the loci of NK cell interaction with other immune cells; descriptions of new data on the memory characteristics of NK cells described in infectious diseases; and finally phenotypical and functional changes after vaccination measured by immunomonitoring in preclinical and clinical settings.
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The marginating-pulmonary immune compartment in mice exhibits increased NK cytotoxicity and unique cellular characteristics. Immunol Res 2014; 58:28-39. [PMID: 24132552 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To test whether marginating-pulmonary (MP) leukocytes in mice have a unique potential to identify and destroy aberrant circulating cells, we compared MP to circulating leukocytes with respect to natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity, proinflammatory characteristics, molecular determinants of activation, and response to IL-12 immunostimulation. Cytotoxicity was assessed employing the YAC-1, B16F10, and 3LL target lines. C57BL/6 mice were injected with either saline or murine IL-12 (0.1 or 0.5 µg/mouse), either once or three times 48-h apart. Twenty-four hours after last injection, cardiac blood was withdrawn and MP leukocytes were collected by forced lung perfusion. NK cytotoxicity, cellular composition, and surface molecular markers were studied. MP leukocytes exhibited greater NK cytotoxicity than circulating leukocytes against the syngeneic B16F10 and 3LL tumor lines, but not against the allogeneic YAC-1 line. NKG2D and IL-12 receptor expression predicted NK cytotoxicity in circulating leukocytes, but not in MP leukocytes. IFNγ-receptor, IL-12-receptor, CD69, CD11a, and CD11b showed different patterns of expression in the two leukocyte populations, suggesting pro-inflammatory characteristics of the MP compartment. IL-12 stimulation caused differential effects on these markers and also elevated cytotoxicity in both compartments, but in different effector: target ratio-dependent patterns. MP leukocytes may play a critical role in eliminating aberrant circulating cells due to their enhanced NK cytotoxicity and given their strategic location in the lungs vasculature, which forces physical interactions with all circulating aberrant cells. MP-NK cells are unique in their cytotoxic mechanisms against syngeneic targets and in their activation profile and response to immunostimulatory agents.
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Hudspeth K, Pontarini E, Tentorio P, Cimino M, Donadon M, Torzilli G, Lugli E, Della Bella S, Gershwin ME, Mavilio D. The role of natural killer cells in autoimmune liver disease: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2013; 46:55-65. [PMID: 23880068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are important players of the innate arm of the immune system and provide an early defense against pathogens and tumor-transformed cells. Peripheral blood NK (PB-NK) cells were first identified because of their ability to spontaneously kill tumor-cell targets in vitro without the need for specific antigen priming, which is the reason that they were named 'natural killer' cells. The characterization of NK cells in human tissues and body organs represented another important step forward to better understand their physiology and physiopathology. In this regard, many reports revealed over the past decade a differential anatomic distribution of NK cell subsets in several sites such as the intestine, lung, cervix, placenta and liver as well as in secondary lymphoid organs such as spleen, lymph nodes and tonsils. Among all these tissues, the liver is certainly unique as its parenchyma contains an unusually high number of infiltrating immune cells with 30-50% of total lymphocytes being NK cells. Given the constant liver intake of non-self antigens from the gastrointestinal tract via the portal vein, hepatic NK (H-NK) cells must retain a certain degree of tolerance in the context of their immune-surveillance against dangers to the host. Indeed, the breakdown of the tolerogenic state of the liver-associated immune system has been shown to induce autoimmunity. However, the role of NK cells during the course of autoimmune liver diseases is still being debated mainly because a complete characterization of H-NK cells normally resident in healthy human liver has not yet been fully disclosed. Furthermore, the differences in phenotype and functions between human and mouse H-NK cells often preclude translation of results obtained from murine models into experimental approaches to be performed in humans. Here, we provide an extensive characterization of the phenotype of H-NK cells physiologically resident in the human liver by both mentioning data available in literature and including a set of original results recently developed in our laboratory. We then review our current knowledge in regard to the contribution of H-NK cells in regulating local immune homeostasis and tolerance as well as in inducing the development of liver autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hudspeth
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION LFA-1 is an adhesion molecule which belongs to the β2-integrin family. Overexpression of LFA-1 in hepatic natural killer cells has been associated with increased apoptosis of neoplastic cells in colorectal cancer (CRC); moreover, studies in CRC have linked LFA-1 overexpression in neoplastic cells with vascular intrusion through adhesion to endothelial cells, thus implying a possible role in creation of metastases. AIMS AND METHODS We studied the expression of LFA-1 in a series of 82 patients with CRC. A standard three-step immunohistochemical analysis was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. An IgG2a anti-CD11a monoclonal antibody was used. Cases were characterized according to clinicopathological variables including sex, age, tumor localization, size, grade, Dukes stage, wall invasion, and presence of metastatic lymph nodes (mLNs) or distal metastases. RESULTS LFA-1 was expressed at the primary tumor site in 51 cases and 6/33 cases with metastatic lymphnodes. In Dukes D cases (n = 4), only one case was LFA-1(+). LFA-1 expression at the primary tumor site was associated with the absence of metastatic disease and with Dukes B stage. However, in those cases with LFA-1 expression in cancer cells in mLNs, this was associated with its expression at the primary tumor site. CONCLUSION The positive association of LFA-1 expression in mLNs when the primary tumor site is also LFA-1(+) could imply an adaptation advantage of this specific cellular clone to its micro-environment, predisposing it to creation of mLNs, pointing to a role for LFA-1 in creation of mLNs in CRC.
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Langers I, Renoux VM, Thiry M, Delvenne P, Jacobs N. Natural killer cells: role in local tumor growth and metastasis. Biologics 2012; 6:73-82. [PMID: 22532775 PMCID: PMC3333822 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s23976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the name of natural killer (NK) cells came from their natural ability to kill tumor cells in vitro. From the 1970s to date, accumulating data highlighted the importance of NK cells in host immune response against cancer and in therapy-induced antitumor response. The recognition and the lysis of tumor cells by NK cells are regulated by a complex balance of inhibitory and activating signals. This review summarizes NK cell mechanisms to kill cancer cells, their role in host immune responses against tumor growth or metastasis, and their implications in antitumor immunotherapies via cytokines, antibodies, or in combination with other therapies. The regulatory role of NK cells in autoimmunity is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Langers
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-I3/GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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van der Bij GJ, Oosterling SJ, Bögels M, Bhoelan F, Fluitsma DM, Beelen RHJ, Meijer S, van Egmond M. Blocking alpha2 integrins on rat CC531s colon carcinoma cells prevents operation-induced augmentation of liver metastases outgrowth. Hepatology 2008; 47:532-43. [PMID: 18098323 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Currently, an operation is the only curative option for patients with colorectal cancer. Unfortunately, many patients will develop liver metastases even after successful resection of the primary tumor. Removal of primary colorectal carcinoma may paradoxically increase the risk of metastases development, because accumulating evidence suggests that surgical trauma can stimulate tumor growth. In the present study, we investigated the effects of abdominal trauma on liver metastases development. Surgical trauma dramatically increased adhesion of tumor cells in the liver, leading to enhanced outgrowth of metastases. Endothelial stress was observed rapidly after an operation, suggesting that abdominal trauma resulted in impairment of blood vessel integrity. Tumor cells preferentially adhered to extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, preincubation of tumor cells with anti-alpha2 integrin antibodies completely reverted operation-induced augmentation of CC531s adhesion and liver metastases outgrowth. As such, we postulate that blood vessel integrity in the liver is compromised after abdominal trauma, resulting in enhanced ECM exposure, which enables tumor cell adhesion and metastases outgrowth. CONCLUSION Perioperative treatments that either aim to reduce endothelial stress or block the interaction between tumor cells and ECM represent promising new therapeutic strategies for the prevention of liver metastases development after resection of the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerben J van der Bij
- Department of Surgical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Seifried HE, Anderson DE, Fisher EI, Milner JA. A review of the interaction among dietary antioxidants and reactive oxygen species. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18:567-79. [PMID: 17360173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
During normal cellular activities, various processes inside of cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Some of the most common ROS are hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), superoxide ion (O(2)(-)), and hydroxide radical (OH(-)). These compounds, when present in a high enough concentration, can damage cellular proteins and lipids or form DNA adducts that may promote carcinogenic activity. The purpose of antioxidants in a physiological setting is to prevent ROS concentrations from reaching a high-enough level within a cell that damage may occur. Cellular antioxidants may be enzymatic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) or nonenzymatic (glutathione, thiols, some vitamins and metals, or phytochemicals such as isoflavones, polyphenols, and flavanoids). Reactive oxygen species are a potential double-edged sword in disease prevention and promotion. Whereas generation of ROS once was viewed as detrimental to the overall health of the organism, advances in research have shown that ROS play crucial roles in normal physiological processes including response to growth factors, the immune response, and apoptotic elimination of damaged cells. Notwithstanding these beneficial functions, aberrant production or regulation of ROS activity has been demonstrated to contribute to the development of some prevalent diseases and conditions, including cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The topic of antioxidant usage and ROS is currently receiving much attention because of studies linking the use of some antioxidants with increased mortality in primarily higher-risk populations and the lack of strong efficacy data for protection against cancer and heart disease, at least in populations with adequate baseline dietary consumption. In normal physiological processes, antioxidants effect signal transduction and regulation of proliferation and the immune response. Reactive oxygen species have been linked to cancer and CVD, and antioxidants have been considered promising therapy for prevention and treatment of these diseases, especially given the tantalizing links observed between diets high in fruits and vegetables (and presumably antioxidants) and decreased risks for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold E Seifried
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20862, USA.
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Abstract
Tle liver has a number of important functions in innate and adaptive immunity. Contributions to the innate (nonspecific) immune system include production of acute phase proteins, nonspecific phagocytosis of particles, nonspecific pinocytosis of molecules, and nonspecific cell killing. Hepatic involvement in innate immunity contributes to the systemic response to local inflammation, clearance of particles and soluble molecules from the circulation, and killing of invading cells such as neoplastic cells. Liver involvement in the adaptive (specific) immune system includes deletion of activated T cells, induction of tolerance to ingested and self-antigens, extrathymic proliferation of T cells, and deletion of many of the signaling and effector molecules. Hepatic involvement in adaptive immunity allows clearance of activated T cells and signaling molecules following inflammatory reactions, and promotes immunologic tolerance toward potentially antigenic proteins that are absorbed from the intestinal tract. The liver is a major site of extrathymic T cell development, which assumes increasing significance with aging in mammals. Perturbations in hepatic structure or function can result in significant ramifications in both the innate and adaptive immune systems.
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Chen G, Luo DZ, Feng ZB, Guo F. Hepatic local cellular immune status and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:489-494. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i4.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the local cellular immune status in the tissues of liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its relationship with the prognosis of the patients.
METHODS: Surgical specimens from 60 cases of HCC, 62 cases of LC, and 23 normal liver tissues were stained of CD3, CD57, CD20, CD68 and GrB with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase detection system to assess the number and the distribution of hepatic local immunocytes.
RESULTS: The numbers of T lymphocytes (60.5±18.9), B lymphocytes (40.3±29.9) and NK cells (6.8±5.1) in the liver of HCC patients were significantly higher than those in the liver of LC patients (53.0±18.7, t = 2.21, P = 0.029<0.05; 21.5±18.2, t = 4.19, P = 0.000<0.01; 4.2±2.9, t = 3.53, P = 0.001<0.01, respectively) and normal controls (45.4±11.7, t = 3.57, P = 0.001<0.01; 8.1±5.9, t = 7.97, P = 0.000<0.01; 4.8±2.3, t = 2.54, P = 0.013<0.05, respectively ); while the number of macrophages (Mf)(24.6±13.4)was significantly lower than that in the liver of LC patients(41.0±13.5, t = 6.74, P = 0.000<0.01)and normal controls (40.3±8.9, t = 6.17, P = 0.000<0.01). The numbers of T and B lymphocytes in the liver of LC patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls (T cells: 53.0±18.7 vs 45.4±11.7, t = 2.23, P = 0.029<0.05; B cells: 21.5±18.2 vs 8.1±5.9, t = 5.14, P = 0.000<0.01). GrB positive cells in the liver mostly consisted of CD57 positive cells and a few CD3 positive cells. The numbers of NK cells, B lymphocytes and GrB positive cells in the cancerous tissues of stages I and II were significantly higher than that of stages III and IV (8.3±5.3 vs 5.3±4.5, t = 5.38, P = 0.024<0.05; 49.1±29.8 vs31.0±27.5, t = 2.44, P = 0.018<0.05; 6.8±5.3 vs 4.1±3.2, t = 2.32, P = 0.024<0.05, respectively). The numbers of T lymphocytes, NK cells, Mj and GrB positive cells in HCC with metastasis in 15 months were significantly lower than those without metastasis (53.1±16.0 vs 65.5±21.1, t = 2.41, P = 0.02<0.05; 2.9±3.1 vs 9.4±4.5, t = 6.33, P = 0.000<0.01; 20.9±11.3vs 30.1±14.4, t = 2.62, P = 0.012<0.05; 2.5±1.6 vs 7.0±4.3, t = 5.02, P = 0.000<0.01, respectively). The numbers of T lymphocytes, NK cells, B lymphocytes and GrB positive cells decreased gradually with the progressing of disease in the HCC patients.
CONCLUSION: The numbers of T lymphocytes, NK cells, B lymphocytes, Mf and GrB positive cells might be important markers to assess the hepatic local immune status and useful factors to predict the prognosis of HCC patients.
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Kimhi O, Drucker L, Neumann A, Shapiro H, Shapira J, Yarkoni S, Lahav M, Radnay J, Lishner M. Fluorouracil induces apoptosis and surface molecule modulation of peripheral blood leukocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 26:327-33. [PMID: 15485462 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.2004.00629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the direct effect of chemotherapy on normal peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) or its contribution to leukopenia. We examined 5'-fluorouracil's (5FU) effect on PBL apoptosis and adhesion molecules' expression in a single-drug solid-tumor model. Possible apoptosis mediators were examined. The study included 32 colorectal cancer patients; apoptosis was determined by annexin-V binding and light-scatter morphology before and after drug infusion. CD18, CD11a, CD11b, and CD63 membranal levels were assayed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was increased post-5FU administration in neutrophils (PMN), monocytes and lymphocytes (P < 0.05). Levels of Fas receptor and activated caspase 3 did not vary indicating that the process was not mediated by caspase 3 in the timeframe studied. Reduced CD63 on monocytes and decreased CD18 expression on PMN and non-apoptotic monocytes were observed (P < or = 0.05). CD11a,b expression did not vary. Decreased CD18 and CD63 levels were demonstrated in apoptotic and non-apoptotic PBL implying a more direct association with the drug itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kimhi
- Department of Medicine, Sapir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Papanikolaou IS, Lazaris AC, Apostolopoulos P, Kavantzas N, Papas MG, Mavrogiannis C, Patsouris ES, Archimandritis A. Tissue detection of natural killer cells in colorectal adenocarcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2004; 4:20. [PMID: 15363095 PMCID: PMC517933 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-4-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Accepted: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells represent a first line of defence against a developing cancer; however, their exact role in colorectal cancer remains undetermined. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of CD16 and CD57 [immunohistochemical markers of natural NK cells] in colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS Presence of NK cells was investigated in 82 colorectal adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed, using 2 monoclonal antibodies (anti-Fc Gamma Receptor II, CD16 and an equivalent to Leu-7, specific for CD-57). The number of immunopositive cells (%) was evaluated by image analysis. The cases were characterized according to: patient gender and age, tumor location, size, grade, bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastases and Dukes' stage. RESULTS NK cells were detected in 79/82 cases at the primary tumor site, 27/33 metastatic lymph nodes and 3/4 hepatic metastases; they were detected in levels similar to those reported in the literature, but their presence was not correlated to the clinical or pathological characteristics of the series, except for a negative association with the patients' age (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support an association of NK cell tissue presence with clinical or pathological variables of colorectal adenocarcinoma, except for a negative association with the patients' age; this might possibly be attributed to decreased adhesion molecule expression in older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis S Papanikolaou
- Department of Gastroenterology, H. Venizelou General Hospital, Faculty of Nursing, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Ch Lazaris
- Department of Pathology, National University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Periklis Apostolopoulos
- Department of Pathophysiology, Gastroenterology Section, National University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Kavantzas
- Department of Pathology, National University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G Papas
- Department of General Medicine, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Christos Mavrogiannis
- Department of Gastroenterology, H. Venizelou General Hospital, Faculty of Nursing, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Archimandritis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Gastroenterology Section, National University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Vermijlen D, Luo D, Froelich CJ, Medema JP, Kummer JA, Willems E, Braet F, Wisse E. Pit cells exclusively kill P815 tumor cells by the perforin/granzyme pathway. COMPARATIVE HEPATOLOGY 2004; 3 Suppl 1:S58. [PMID: 14960210 PMCID: PMC2410270 DOI: 10.1186/1476-5926-2-s1-s58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Vermijlen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dianzhong Luo
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Jan P Medema
- Department of Immunohematology and Bloodtransfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean A Kummer
- Institute for Biochemistry, BIL Biomedical Research Center, University of Lausanne, Epilanges, Switzerland
| | - Erik Willems
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filip Braet
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Present address: Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Ghent University (UGhent), Technologiepark 927, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Eddie Wisse
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Park JH, Faller DV. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 induction by histone deacetylase inhibitors mediates induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and homotypic aggregation. Virology 2002; 303:345-63. [PMID: 12490396 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2002.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein (LMP)-1 induces B lymphocyte immortalization and activates constitutive signal transduction, including NF-kappaB, JNK/p38, and JAK/STAT pathways. During EBV latency, LMP-1 expression induces several B lymphocyte activation markers, including intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1. We found that various structurally distinct histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI), as well as phorbol ester treatment, induced homotypic aggregation in EBV-positive Burkitt's lymphoma lines. Cell-surface expression of ICAM-1 was concurrently strongly up-regulated by both HDACI and phorbol ester treatments. Cell-surface expression of ICAM-1 was concurrently strongly induced by both HDACI and phorbol ester treatment. Among several ICAM family members, only ICAM-1 was up-regulated by both HDACI and phorbol ester treatments, suggesting that up-regulated ICAM-1 expression might mediate the observed increase in homotypic aggregation. HDACI-induced homotypic aggregation was blocked by exposure to a monoclonal antibody specific for the beta-chain (CD18) of an ICAM-1 ligand, LFA-1. Unexpectedly, HDAC inhibition, but not phorbol ester treatment, induced LMP-1 expression in EBV-positive cell lines, and this LMP-1 species was identified by RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses as the latent form of LMP-1. Control of EBV LMP-1 gene expression by HDACI inhibition occurs at the transcriptional level, as indicated by nuclear runoff studies and analysis of steady-state mRNA levels. Dominant-negative LMP-1 efficiently blocked HDACI-induced ICAM-1 up-regulation, and ectopic expression of LMP-1 activated expression of an ICAM-1 promoter-driven reporter gene. The HDACI-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1, and consequent homotypic aggregation, were efficiently blocked by the addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and by ectopic expression of a super-repressor IkappaBalpha, while LPM-1 induction was unaffected, suggesting that these effects are mediated by NF-kappaB. We demonstrate, therefore, that the latent isoform of LMP-1 is induced by HDAC inhibition, and that HDACI-induced latent LMP-1 expression, through NF-kappaB activation, is responsible for ICAM-1 expression up-regulation and homotypic adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hong Park
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Luo D, Vermijlen D, Kuppen PJK, Wisse E. MHC class I expression protects rat colon carcinoma cells from hepatic natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis and cytolysis, by blocking the perforin/granzyme pathway. COMPARATIVE HEPATOLOGY 2002; 1:2. [PMID: 12495445 PMCID: PMC149428 DOI: 10.1186/1476-5926-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2002] [Accepted: 11/20/2002] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hepatic natural killer (NK) cells, the most cytotoxic cells of the natural occurring NK cells, are located in the liver sinusoids and are thus in a strategic position to kill arriving metastasising tumour cells, like colon carcinoma cells. It is known that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on tumour cells negatively regulates NK cell-mediated cytolysis, but this is found using blood- or spleen-derived NK cells. Therefore, using isolated rat hepatic NK cells and the syngeneic colon carcinoma cell line CC531s, we investigated whether this protective role of MHC class I is also operative in hepatic NK cells, and addressed the mechanism of MHC class I protection. RESULTS: When MHC class I on CC531s cells was masked by preincubation with monoclonal antibody OX18, hepatic NK cell-mediated cytolysis (51Cr release) as well as apoptosis (DNA fragmentation, nucleus condensation and fragmentation) increased. When hepatic NK cells were preincubated with the granzyme inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, or when extracellular Ca2+ was chelated by ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N, N-tetraacetic acid, the enhanced cytolysis and apoptosis were completely inhibited. The involvement of the perforin/granzyme pathway was confirmed by showing that the enhanced cytolysis was caspase-independent. CONCLUSIONS: MHC class I expression protects CC531s colon carcinoma cells from hepatic NK cell-mediated apoptosis and cytolysis, by blocking the perforin/granzyme pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianzhong Luo
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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16
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Vermijlen D, Luo D, Froelich CJ, Medema JP, Kummer JA, Willems E, Braet F, Wisse E. Hepatic natural killer cells exclusively kill splenic/blood natural killer‐resistant tumor cells by the perforin/granzyme pathway. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.72.4.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Vermijlen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dianzhong Luo
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Paul Medema
- Department of Immunohematology and Bloodtransfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; and
| | - Jean Alain Kummer
- Institute for Biochemistry, BIL Biomedical Research Center, University of Lausanne, Epilanges, Switzerland
| | - Erik Willems
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filip Braet
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eddie Wisse
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Yusuf-Makagiansar H, Makagiansar IT, Siahaan TJ. Inhibition of the adherence of T-lymphocytes to epithelial cells by a cyclic peptide derived from inserted domain of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. Inflammation 2001; 25:203-14. [PMID: 11403212 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011044616170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inflammation is characterized by aggravated leukocyte infiltration into the sites of inflammation. The mechanism requires the interactions of leukocyte adhesion-molecules and their ligands in the inflamed tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that a cyclic peptide cLAB.L [cyclol, 12-PenlTDGEATDSGC], derived from the "inserted" or I-domain of LFA-1 is able to inhibit the adherence of T-lymphocytes to the epithelial cell monolayers. This inhibition has been thought to involve the disruption of LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction. The heterotypic adhesion of phorbol ester-activated Molt-3 cells and IFN-gamma-induced Caco-2 monolayers was inhibited upon treatment of the monolayers with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to adhesion molecules or with cLAB.L peptide. The adhesion can be inhibited by MAbs to ICAM-1, ICAM-2, and VCAM-1, and cLAB.L peptide in a concentration-dependent manner. However, none of the individual uses of these molecules led to a total inhibition. The inhibitory activity of cLAB.L is greatly reduced by low temperature and the absence of cell activation. Treatment of cLAB.L peptide may trigger an early event of apoptosis on activated but not on non-activated Molt-3 cells; no indication of peptide-induced apoptosis was found on Caco-2 cells. Taken together, data from this work suggest that cLAB.L may have applications to direct cell-targeted delivery during tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yusuf-Makagiansar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemsitry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence 66047, USA
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18
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Luo D, Vanderkerken K, Chen MC, Vermijlen D, Asosingh K, Willems E, Triantis V, Eizirik DL, Kuppen PJ, Wisse E. Rat hepatic natural killer cells (pit cells) express mRNA and protein similar to in vitro interleukin-2 activated spleen natural killer cells. Cell Immunol 2001; 210:41-8. [PMID: 11485351 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2001.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pit cells are liver-specific natural killer (NK) cells that can be divided into high- (HD) and low-density (LD) subpopulations. The characteristics of pit cells were further investigated in this report. LD and HD pit cells express the specific NK-activation markers gp42, CD25, and ANK44 antigen. LD cells and IL-2-activated NK cells have a high mRNA expression of perforin, granzymes, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. LD pit cells, unlike spleen NK cells, have a weak response to IL-2 with regard to proliferation, cytotoxicity, and production of NK-related molecules. The characteristics of HD cells are intermediate between LD and spleen NK cells. These results show that pit cells, especially LD cells, possess characteristics similar to IL-2-activated NK cells. This is the first evidence on a molecular level that pit cells could be considered in vivo activated NK cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Division
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Liver/immunology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Serine Endopeptidases/biosynthesis
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- Spleen/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luo
- Laboratory for Cell Biology and Histology, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, B-1090, Belgium
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19
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Luo DZ, Vermijlen D, Ahishali B, Triantis V, Plakoutsi G, Braet F, Vanderkerken K, Wisse E. On the cell biology of pit cells, the liver-specific NK cells. World J Gastroenterol 2000; 6:1-11. [PMID: 11819514 PMCID: PMC4723571 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v6.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/1999] [Revised: 11/02/1999] [Accepted: 11/15/1999] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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