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Chhetri D, Vengadassalapathy S, Venkadassalapathy S, Balachandran V, Umapathy VR, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S, Patil S, Iyaswamy A, Palaniyandi K, Gnanasampanthapandian D. Pleiotropic effects of DCLK1 in cancer and cancer stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:965730. [PMID: 36250024 PMCID: PMC9560780 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.965730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a protein molecule, has been identified as a tumor stem cell marker in the cancer cells of gastrointestinal, pancreas, and human colon. DCLK1 expression in cancers, such as breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, hepatic cell carcinoma, tuft cells, and human cholangiocarcinoma, has shown a way to target the DCLK1 gene and downregulate its expression. Several studies have discussed the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation along with neoplastic cell arrest when the DCLK1 gene, which is expressed in both cancer and normal cells, was targeted successfully. In addition, previous studies have shown that DCLK1 plays a vital role in various cancer metastases. The correlation of DCLK1 with numerous stem cell receptors, signaling pathways, and genes suggests its direct or an indirect role in promoting tumorigenesis. Moreover, the impact of DCLK1 was found to be related to the functioning of an oncogene. The downregulation of DCLK1 expression by using targeted strategies, such as embracing the use of siRNA, miRNA, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, nanomolecules, specific monoclonal antibodies, and silencing the pathways regulated by DCLK1, has shown promising results in both in vitro and in vivo studies on gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. In this review, we will discuss about the present understanding of DCLK1 and its role in the progression of GI cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyashree Chhetri
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Srinivasan Vengadassalapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | | | - Varadharaju Balachandran
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Centre for Parkinsons Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kanagaraj Palaniyandi
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Kanagaraj Palaniyandi, ; Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian,
| | - Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Kanagaraj Palaniyandi, ; Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian,
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Kalantari E, Ghods R, Zanjani LS, Rahimi M, Eini L, Razmi M, Asadi-Lari M, Madjd Z. Cytoplasmic expression of DCLK1-S, a novel DCLK1 isoform, is associated with tumor aggressiveness and worse disease-specific survival in colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 33:277-289. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Isoform-specific function of doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) has highlighted the key role of the DCLK1-S (short isoform) in the maintenance, progression, and invasion of the tumor. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to produce an anti-DCLK1-S polyclonal antibody to evaluate DCLK1-S in human colorectal cancer (CRC) specifically. METHODS: The expression pattern and clinical significance of DCLK1-S were assessed in a well-defined tissue microarray (TMA) series of 348 CRC and 51 adjacent normal tissues during a follow-up period of 108 months. RESULTS: Expression of DCLK1-S was significantly higher in CRC samples compared to adjacent normal samples (P< 0.001). Cytoplasmic expression of DCLK1-S was significantly higher in the tumors at the advanced stage of cancer and with poorer differentiation (P< 0.001, P= 0.02). The patients with CRC whose tumors showed higher cytoplasmic expression of DCLK1-S had worse disease-specific survival (DSS) (log-rank test, P= 0.03) and 5-year DSS rates (P= 0.01). Additionally, an improved prognostic value was observed in the patients with CRC with high DCLK1-S expression vs. its moderate expression (HR: 2.70, 95% CI: 0.98–7.38; p= 0.04) by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings strongly supported that high cytoplasmic expression of DCLK1-S compared to its moderate expression could be considered an independent prognostic factor influencing DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kalantari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mandana Rahimi
- Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Pathology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Eini
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Division of Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Razmi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadi-Lari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Broner EC, Trujillo JA, Korzinkin M, Subbannayya T, Agrawal N, Ozerov IV, Zhavoronkov A, Rooper L, Kotlov N, Shen L, Pearson AT, Rosenberg AJ, Savage PA, Mishra V, Chatterjee A, Sidransky D, Izumchenko E. Doublecortin-Like Kinase 1 (DCLK1) Is a Novel NOTCH Pathway Signaling Regulator in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:677051. [PMID: 34336664 PMCID: PMC8323482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.677051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements, the 5 year survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) hovers at 60%. DCLK1 has been shown to regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as serving as a cancer stem cell marker in colon, pancreatic and renal cancer. Although it was reported that DCLK1 is associated with poor prognosis in oropharyngeal cancers, very little is known about the molecular characterization of DCLK1 in HNSCC. In this study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome-based computational analysis on hundreds of HNSCC patients from TCGA and GEO databases, and found that DCLK1 expression positively correlates with NOTCH signaling pathway activation. Since NOTCH signaling has a recognized role in HNSCC tumorigenesis, we next performed a series of in vitro experiments in a collection of HNSCC cell lines to investigate the role of DCLK1 in NOTCH pathway regulation. Our analyses revealed that DCLK1 inhibition, using either a pharmacological inhibitor or siRNA, resulted in substantially decreased proliferation, invasion, migration, and colony formation. Furthermore, these effects paralleled downregulation of active NOTCH1, and its downstream effectors, HEY1, HES1 and HES5, whereas overexpression of DCLK1 in normal keratinocytes, lead to an upregulation of NOTCH signaling associated with increased proliferation. Analysis of 233 primary and 40 recurrent HNSCC cancer biopsies revealed that high DCLK1 expression was associated with poor prognosis and showed a trend towards higher active NOTCH1 expression in tumors with elevated DCLK1. Our results demonstrate the novel role of DCLK1 as a regulator of NOTCH signaling network and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther C. Broner
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Trujillo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Nishant Agrawal
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ivan V. Ozerov
- InSilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong
| | | | - Lisa Rooper
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nikita Kotlov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Le Shen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexander T. Pearson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ari J. Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Peter A. Savage
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vasudha Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Dai T, Hu Y, Lv F, Ozawa T, Sun X, Huang J, Han X, Kishi H, Muraguchi A, Jin A. Analysis of the clinical significance of DCLK1 + colorectal cancer using novel monoclonal antibodies against DCLK1. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5047-5057. [PMID: 30174443 PMCID: PMC6110630 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s169928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is considered a putative tumor stem cell (TSC) marker and a promising therapeutic target, as DCLK1+ progeny cells exhibit high expression in tumors. However, the biological function of DCLK1+ cells in tumorigenesis and tumor progression remains unclear. Materials and methods We generated rabbit monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against DCLK1, DCLK1-42, and DCLK1-87 mAbs, using a novel chip-based immunospot array assay on a chip system. First, the specificity of two mAbs to DCLK1 was confirmed by Western blot, which were bound to DCLK1-long in normal colon cells and to DCLK1-short in a cancer cell line as well as colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Results Precise localization analysis using immunofluorescence revealed that both mAbs had cytoplasmic signal and exhibited a high degree of overlap with microtubules. Furthermore, bacterial display technology indicated that the antigenic epitope region of DCLK1-87 mAb was consistent with that of a commercial anti-DCLK1 polyclonal antibody. In addition, DCLK1-42 mAb has the common polyclonal antibody characteristic of binding to more than one site on DCLK1. By immunohistochemistry, it was found that DCLK1-87 mAb was more specific for DCLK1+ cell labeling than a commercial anti-DCLK1 polyclonal antibody. DCLK1 labeled with DCLK1-87 mAb might be a potential TSC marker because the tissue expression site covers the ALDH1 area in CRC tissues. Finally, we analyzed 100 pairs of cancer tissues and matching paracancerous tissue samples from patients with CRC who received 100 months of follow-up with the DCLK1-87 mAb. The results showed that patients with high DCLK1 expression exhibited a longer survival time than that of patients with low DCLK1 expression (P=0.0029). Discussion Our results indicated that we successfully generated an efficient tool for the precise detection of DCLK1+ cells in cancer tissues. Moreover, we found that high DCLK1 expression in CRC patients appears to play a protective role against tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Dai
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yunlong Hu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulian Lv
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiaojian Han
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China,
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Aishun Jin
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China,
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Saaltink DJ, Håvik B, Verissimo CS, Lucassen P, Vreugdenhil E. Doublecortin and doublecortin-like are expressed in overlapping and non-overlapping neuronal cell population: Implications for neurogenesis. J Comp Neurol 2012; 520:2805-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Verissimo CS, Molenaar JJ, Fitzsimons CP, Vreugdenhil E. Neuroblastoma therapy: what is in the pipeline? Endocr Relat Cancer 2011; 18:R213-31. [PMID: 21971288 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the expansion of knowledge about neuroblastoma (NB) in recent years, the therapeutic outcome for children with a high-risk NB has not significantly improved. Therefore, more effective therapies are needed. This might be achieved by aiming future efforts at recently proposed but not yet developed targets for NB therapy. In this review, we discuss the recently proposed molecular targets that are in clinical trials and, in particular, those that are not yet explored in the clinic. We focus on the selection of these molecular targets for which promising in vitro and in vivo results have been obtained by silencing/inhibiting them. In addition, these selected targets are involved at least in one of the NB tumorigenic processes: proliferation, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis and/or metastasis. In particular, we will review a recently proposed target, the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) encoded by doublecortin-like kinase gene (DCLK1). DCLK1-derived MAPs are crucial for proliferation and survival of neuroblasts and are highly expressed not only in NB but also in other tumours such as gliomas. Additionally, we will discuss neuropeptide Y, its Y2 receptor and cathepsin L as examples of targets to decrease angiogenesis and metastasis of NB. Furthermore, we will review the micro-RNAs that have been proposed as therapeutic targets for NB. Detailed investigation of these not yet developed targets as well as exploration of multi-target approaches might be the key to a more effective NB therapy, i.e. increasing specificity, reducing toxicity and avoiding long-term side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Verissimo
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University Medical Center, Gorlaeus Laboratories, The Netherlands
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7
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Schenk GJ, Vreugdenhil E, Hubens CJY, Veldhuisen B, de Kloet ER, Oitzl MS. Hippocampal CARP over-expression solidifies consolidation of contextual fear memories. Physiol Behav 2010; 102:323-31. [PMID: 21130104 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Doublecortin-Like Kinase (DCLK) gene is involved in neuronal migration during development. Through alternative splicing the DCLK gene also produces a transcript called Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaMK)-related peptide (CARP) that is expressed exclusively during adulthood in response to neuronal activity. The function of CARP, however, is poorly understood. To study CARP function, we have generated transgenic mice with over-expression of the CARP transcript in, amongst other brain areas, the hippocampus. We aimed to characterize possible behavioral adaptations of these mice by using a Pavlovian fear conditioning approach. This type of fear conditioning, in which both the hippocampus and amygdala are critically involved, allows studying the formation and extinction of fear related memories. We here report on the behavioral adaptations of two distinct transgenic lines: one with high levels of CARP in the hippocampus and amygdala, whilst the other has high levels of CARP in the hippocampal formation, but not in the amygdala. We tested both mouse lines separately by comparing them to their wild-type littermate controls. We provide evidence suggesting consolidation of contextual fear memories is strengthened in mice of both transgenic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert J Schenk
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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8
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Schenk GJ, Werkman T, Wadman W, Veldhuisen B, Dijkmans TF, Blaas E, Kegel L, de Kloet ER, Vreugdenhil E. Over-expression of the DCLK gene transcript CARP decreases CA3/CA1 network excitability. Brain Res 2010; 1352:21-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Schenk GJ, Veldhuisen B, Wedemeier O, McGown CC, Schouten TG, Oitzl M, de Kloet ER, Vreugdenhil E. Over-expression of δC-DCLK-short in mouse brain results in a more anxious behavioral phenotype. Physiol Behav 2010; 101:541-8. [PMID: 20705078 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Products of the Doublecortin-Like Kinase (DCLK) gene are associated with cortical migration and hippocampal maturation during embryogenesis. However, the functions of those DCLK gene transcripts that encode kinases and are expressed during adulthood are incompletely understood. To elucidate potential functions of these DCLK gene splice variants we have generated and analyzed transgenic mice with neuronal over-expression of a truncated, constitutively active form of DCLK-short, designated δC-DCLK-short. Previously, we have performed an extensive molecular characterization of these transgenic δC-DCLK-short mice and established that a specific subunit of the GABA(A) receptor, which is involved in anxiety-related GABAergic neurotransmission, is down-regulated in the hippocampus. Here we show that δC-DCLK-short mRNA is highly expressed in the hippocampus, cortex and amygdala of transgenic mice. We provide evidence that the δC-DCLK-short protein is expressed and functional. In addition, we examined anxiety-related behavior in δC-DCLK-short mice in the elevated plus maze. Interestingly, δC-DCLK-short mice spend less time, move less in the open arms of the maze and show a reduction in the number of rim dips. These behaviors indicate that δC-DCLK-short mice display a more anxious behavioral phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert J Schenk
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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10
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Chronic fluoxetine treatment induces brain region-specific upregulation of genes associated with BDNF-induced long-term potentiation. Neural Plast 2008; 2007:26496. [PMID: 18301726 PMCID: PMC2248427 DOI: 10.1155/2007/26496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence implicate BDNF in the pathogenesis of stress-induced depression and the delayed efficacy of antidepressant drugs. Antidepressant-induced upregulation of BDNF signaling is thought to promote adaptive neuronal plasticity through effects on gene expression, but the effector genes downstream of BDNF has not been identified. Local infusion of BDNF into the dentate gyrus induces a long-term potentiation (BDNF-LTP) of synaptic transmission that requires upregulation of the immediate early gene Arc. Recently, we identified five genes (neuritin, Narp, TIEG1, Carp, and Arl4d) that are coupregulated with Arc during BDNF-LTP. Here, we examined the expression of these genes in the dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper, and prefrontal cortex after antidepressant treatment. We show that chronic, but not acute, fluoxetine administration leads to upregulation of these BDNF-LTP-associated genes in a brain region-specific pattern. These findings link chronic effects of antidepressant treatment to molecular mechanisms underlying BDNF-induced synaptic plasticity.
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11
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Boekhoorn K, Sarabdjitsingh A, Kommerie H, de Punder K, Schouten T, Lucassen PJ, Vreugdenhil E. Doublecortin (DCX) and doublecortin-like (DCL) are differentially expressed in the early but not late stages of murine neocortical development. J Comp Neurol 2008; 507:1639-52. [PMID: 18231966 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During corticogenesis, radial glia-derived neural progenitors divide and migrate along radial fibers to their designated positions within the cortical plate. The microtubule-associated proteins doublecortin (DCX) and doublecortin-like (DCL) are critically involved in neuronal migration and division, and may function in a partially redundant pathway. Since little is known about the important early stages of corticogenesis, when neurogenesis is extensive, we addressed a possible differential role by examining spatiotemporal expression patterns of DCX, DCL, and the radial glia marker vimentin during murine development. We found expression patterns of DCL and DCX to differ remarkably prior to embryonic day (E)13. DCL was already expressed at E9 and largely overlapped with vimentin, whereas DCX expression started modestly from E10/E11 onward. DCL was mainly found in the ventricular zone, often in mitotic cells and in pial-oriented radial fibers. In contrast, DCX was expressed in tangential fibers in the outer cortical regions. After E13, DCX and DCL expression largely overlapped but DCL expression had disappeared from the ventricular zone. Also, DCL levels were attenuated, whereas DCX remained high beyond E17. In conclusion, DCX and DCL are differentially expressed, particularly during early corticogenesis, consistent with their different functional roles. Given its involvement in mitosis, DCL appears to have a unique role in the early neuroepithelium that is different from later developmental stages when DCX is coexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Boekhoorn
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Fitzsimons CP, Ahmed S, Wittevrongel CFW, Schouten TG, Dijkmans TF, Scheenen WJJM, Schaaf MJM, de Kloet ER, Vreugdenhil E. The microtubule-associated protein doublecortin-like regulates the transport of the glucocorticoid receptor in neuronal progenitor cells. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:248-62. [PMID: 17975023 PMCID: PMC5419639 DOI: 10.1210/me.2007-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In neuronal cells, activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) translocates to the nucleus guided by the cytoskeleton. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying GR translocation remain unclear. Using gain and loss of function studies, we report here for the first time that the microtubule-associated protein doublecortin-like (DCL) controls GR translocation to the nucleus. DCL overexpression in COS-1 cells, neuroblastoma cells, and rat hippocampus organotypic slice cultures impaired GR translocation and decreased GR-dependent transcriptional activity, measured by a specific reporter gene assay, in COS-1 cells. Moreover, DCL and GR directly interact on microtubule bundles formed by DCL overexpression. A C-terminal truncated DCL with conserved microtubule-bundling activity did not influence GR translocation. In N1E-115 mouse neuroblastoma cells and neuronal progenitor cells in rat hippocampus organotypic slice cultures, laser-scanning confocal microscopy showed colabeling of endogenously expressed DCL and GR. In these systems, RNA-interference-mediated DCL knockdown hampered GR translocation. Thus, we conclude that DCL expression is tightly regulated to adequately control GR transport. Because DCL is primarily expressed in neuronal progenitor cells, our results introduce this microtubule-associated protein as a new modulator of GR signaling in this cell type and suggest the existence of cell-specific mechanisms regulating GR translocation to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research/Medical Pharmacology Department, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Phan Dinh Tuy F, Saillour Y, Kappeler C, Chelly J, Francis F. Alternative Transcripts of Dclk1 and Dclk2 and Their Expression in Doublecortin Knockout Mice. Dev Neurosci 2007; 30:171-86. [DOI: 10.1159/000109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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14
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Schenk GJ, Engels B, Zhang YP, Fitzsimons CP, Schouten T, Kruidering M, Ron de Kloet E, Vreugdenhil E. A potential role for calcium / calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related peptide in neuronal apoptosis: in vivo and in vitro evidence. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26:3411-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Friocourt G, Liu JS, Antypa M, Rakić S, Walsh CA, Parnavelas JG. Both doublecortin and doublecortin-like kinase play a role in cortical interneuron migration. J Neurosci 2007; 27:3875-83. [PMID: 17409252 PMCID: PMC6672408 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4530-06.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I lissencephaly, a genetic disease characterized by disorganized cortical layers and gyral abnormalities, is associated with severe cognitive impairment and epilepsy. Two genes, LIS1 and doublecortin (DCX), have been shown to be responsible for a large proportion of cases of type I lissencephaly. Both genes encode microtubule-associated proteins that have been shown to be important for radial migration of cortical pyramidal neurons. To investigate whether DCX also plays a role in cortical interneuron migration, we inactivated DCX in the ganglionic eminence of rat embryonic day 17 brain slices using short hairpin RNA. We found that, when DCX expression was blocked, the migration of interneurons from the ganglionic eminence to the cerebral cortex was slowed but not absent, similar to what had previously been reported for radial neuronal migration. In addition, the processes of DCX-deficient migrating interneurons were more branched than their counterparts in control experiments. These effects were rescued by DCX overexpression, confirming the specificity to DCX inactivation. A similar delay in interneuron migration was observed when Doublecortin-like kinase (DCLK), a microtubule-associated protein related to DCX, was inactivated, although the morphology of the cells was not affected. The importance of these genes in interneuron migration was confirmed by our finding that the cortices of Dcx, Dclk, and Dcx/Dclk mutant mice contained a reduced number of such cells in the cortex and their distribution was different compared with wild-type controls. However, the defect was different for each group of mutant animals, suggesting that DCX and DCLK have distinct roles in cortical interneuron migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Friocourt
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, and
| | - Judy S. Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital and Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Mary Antypa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, and
| | - Sonja Rakić
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, and
| | - Christopher A. Walsh
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital and Department of Neurology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - John G. Parnavelas
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, and
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16
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Vreugdenhil E, Kolk SM, Boekhoorn K, Fitzsimons CP, Schaaf M, Schouten T, Sarabdjitsingh A, Sibug R, Lucassen PJ. Doublecortin-like, a microtubule-associated protein expressed in radial glia, is crucial for neuronal precursor division and radial process stability. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 25:635-48. [PMID: 17313568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During corticogenesis, progenitors divide within the ventricular zone where they rely on radial process extensions, formed by radial glial cell (RG) scaffolds, along which they migrate to the proper layers of the cerebral cortex. Although the microtubule-associated proteins doublecortin (DCX) and doublecortin-like kinase (DCLK) are critically involved in dynamic rearrangement of the cytoskeletal machinery that allow migration, little is known about their role in early corticogenesis. Here we have functionally characterized a mouse splice-variant of DCLK, doublecortin-like (DCL), exhibiting 73% amino acid sequence identity with DCX over its entire length. Unlike DCX, DCL is expressed from embryonic day 8 onwards throughout the early neuroepithelium. It is localized in mitotic cells, RGs and radial processes. DCL knockdown using siRNA in vitro induces spindle collapse in dividing neuroblastoma cells, whereas overexpression results in elongated and asymmetrical mitotic spindles. In vivo knockdown of the DCLK gene by in utero electroporation significantly reduced cell numbers in the inner proliferative zones and dramatically disrupted most radial processes. Our data emphasize the unique role of the DCLK gene in mitotic spindle integrity during early neurogenesis. In addition, they indicate crucial involvement of DCLK in RG proliferation and their radial process stability, a finding that has thus far not been attributed to DCX or DCLK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erno Vreugdenhil
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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17
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Wibrand K, Messaoudi E, Håvik B, Steenslid V, Løvlie R, Steen VM, Bramham CR. Identification of genes co-upregulated with Arc during BDNF-induced long-term potentiation in adult rat dentate gyrus in vivo. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 23:1501-11. [PMID: 16553613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a critical regulator of transcription-dependent adaptive neuronal responses, such as long-term potentiation (LTP). Brief infusion of BDNF into the dentate gyrus of adult anesthetized rats triggers stable LTP at medial perforant path-granule synapses that is transcription-dependent and requires induction of the immediate early gene Arc. Rather than acting alone, Arc is likely to be part of a larger BDNF-induced transcriptional program. Here, we used cDNA microarray expression profiling to search for genes co-upregulated with Arc 3 h after BDNF-LTP induction. Of nine cDNAs encoding for known genes and up-regulated more than four-fold, we selected five genes, Narp, neuritin, ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein-4 (ARL4L), TGF-beta-induced immediate early gene-1 (TIEG1) and CARP, for further validation. Real-time PCR confirmed robust up-regulation of these genes in an independent set of BDNF-LTP experiments, whereas infusion of the control protein cytochrome C had no effect. In situ hybridization histochemistry further revealed up-regulation of all five genes in somata of post-synaptic granule cells following both BDNF-LTP and high-frequency stimulation-induced LTP. While Arc synthesis is critical for local actin polymerization and stable LTP formation, several of the co-upregulated genes have known functions in excitatory synaptogenesis, axon guidance and glutamate receptor clustering. These results provide novel insight into gene expression responses underlying BDNF-induced synaptic consolidation in the adult brain in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wibrand
- Department of Biomedicine and Bergen Mental Health Research Center, Section for Physiology, University of Bergen, Jonas Liens vei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
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18
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Ohmae S, Takemoto-Kimura S, Okamura M, Adachi-Morishima A, Nonaka M, Fuse T, Kida S, Tanji M, Furuyashiki T, Arakawa Y, Narumiya S, Okuno H, Bito H. Molecular identification and characterization of a family of kinases with homology to Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases I/IV. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:20427-39. [PMID: 16684769 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513212200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the critical importance of Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) II signaling in neuroplasticity, only a limited amount of work has so far been available regarding the presence and significance of another predominant CaMK subfamily, the CaMKI/CaMKIV family, in the central nervous system. We here searched for kinases with a core catalytic structure similar to CaMKI and CaMKIV. We isolated full-length cDNAs encoding three mouse CaMKI/CaMKIV-related kinases, CLICK-I (CL1)/doublecortin and CaM kinase-Like (DCAMKL)1, CLICK-II (CL2)/DCAMKL2, and CLICK-I,II-related (CLr)/DCAMKL3, the kinase domains of which had an intermediate homology not only to CaMKI/CaMKIV but also to CaMKII. Furthermore, CL1, CL2, and CLr were highly expressed in the central nervous system, in a neuron-specific fashion. CL1alpha and CL1beta were shorter isoforms of DCAMKL1, which lacked the doublecortin-like domain (Dx). In contrast, CL2alpha and CL2beta contained a full N-terminal Dx, whereas CLr only possessed a partial and dysfunctional Dx. Interestingly, despite a large similarity in the kinase domain, CL1/CL2/CLr had an impact on CRE-dependent gene expression distinct from that of the related CaMKI/CaMKIV and CaMKII. Although these were previously shown to activate Ca(2+)/cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB)-dependent transcription, we here show that CL1 and CL2 were unable to significantly phosphorylate CREB Ser-133 and rather inhibited CRE-dependent gene expression by a dominant mechanism that bypassed CREB and was mediated by phosphorylated TORC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Ohmae
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8315, Japan
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19
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Weimer JM, Anton ES. Doubling up on microtubule stabilizers: synergistic functions of doublecortin-like kinase and doublecortin in the developing cerebral cortex. Neuron 2006; 49:3-4. [PMID: 16387632 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of neuronal cytoskeletal machinery in response to extracellular cues enables distinct changes in neuronal development in the cerebral cortex. In this issue of Neuron, three related studies on doublecortin-like kinase, a microtubule-associated protein related to doublecortin, by Shu et al., Koizumi et al., and Deuel et al., provide evidence that doublecortin-like kinase is essential for proper neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and axonal wiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Weimer
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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20
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Capes-Davis A, Tolhurst O, Dunn JM, Jeffrey PL. Expression of doublecortin (DCX) and doublecortin-like kinase (DCLK) within the developing chick brain. Dev Dyn 2005; 232:457-67. [PMID: 15614772 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein widely expressed in the developing mammalian nervous system and important for neuronal migration. DCX is known to belong to a novel protein family defined by sequence homology and the presence of a conserved microtubule-binding domain, but the functions of other members of this family are still undefined. In this study, we describe the cloning of the chick ortholog of doublecortin-like kinase (DCLK), a member of this family, and assess the expression of DCX and DCLK in the layered regions of the developing chick brain. DCX and DCLK are widely expressed in pallial and subpallial structures, including the telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum, in similar distribution patterns. In addition to their expression in migrating cells, both proteins were also detected in the ventricular zone and in postmigratory Purkinje cells. Finally, DCX and DCLK were found to be coexpressed in all areas examined. In postmigratory Purkinje cells, DCX and DCLK both colocalized to the cell membrane, although DCLK was also distributed more generally throughout the cell soma. These data are consistent with multiple roles for DCX and DCLK in the developing chicken brain and suggest that the chick cerebellum will be an intriguing system to explore the effects of DCX and DCLK on postmigratory neuronal function.
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21
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Edelman AM, Kim WY, Higgins D, Goldstein EG, Oberdoerster M, Sigurdson W. Doublecortin Kinase-2, a Novel Doublecortin-related Protein Kinase Associated with Terminal Segments of Axons and Dendrites. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:8531-43. [PMID: 15611072 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m411027200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule (MT)-associated DCX protein plays an essential role in the development of the mammalian cerebral cortex. We report on the identification of a protein kinase, doublecortin kinase-2 (DCK2), with a domain (DC) highly homologous to DCX. DCK2 has MT binding activity associated with its DC domain and protein kinase activity mediated by a kinase domain, organized in a structure in which the two domains are functionally independent. Overexpression of DCK2 stabilizes the MT cytoskeleton against cold-induced depolymerization. Autophosphorylation of DCK2 strongly reduces its affinity for MTs. DCK2 and DCX mRNAs are nervous system-specific and are expressed during the period of cerebrocortical lamination. DCX is down-regulated postnatally, whereas DCK2 persists in abundance into adulthood, suggesting that the DC sequence has previously unrecognized functions in the mature nervous system. In sympathetic neurons, DCK2 is localized to the cell body and to the terminal segments of axons and dendrites. DCK2 may represent a phosphorylation-dependent switch for the reversible control of MT dynamics in the vicinity of neuronal growth cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M Edelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA
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22
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Engels BM, Schouten TG, van Dullemen J, Gosens I, Vreugdenhil E. Functional differences between two DCLK splice variants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 120:103-14. [PMID: 14741399 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2003.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have cloned two splice variants of the doublecortin-like kinase (DCLK) gene, called DCLK-short-A and -B, both of which encode calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)-like proteins with different C-terminal ends. Using in situ hybridization, we have found that both are highly expressed in limbic structures of the brain and that their expression differs in a number of brain areas. DCLK-short-A is relatively more strongly expressed than DCLK-short-B in the subependymal zone. The DCLK-short-B variant shows stronger expression in the cortex, the ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, the arcuate nucleus, the zona incerta and the subincertal nucleus. Also, within the hippocampus, the relative distribution of these two splice variants differs. DCLK-short-B expression compared to DCLK-short-A is highest in the CA1 area. The expression of the A variant is highest in the CA3/CA4 area. Additionally, DCLK-short-B is expressed at a higher level than DCLK-short-A in the substantia nigra and the mammillary nucleus. Both DCLK-short-A and -B were located in the cytoplasm, however DCLK-short-B was also found specifically in growth cone like structures and near the nucleus. Both DCLK-short proteins phosphorylate autocamtide and syntide, two highly specific CaMK substrates. Finally, removal of the C-terminal end of DCLK-short leads to a 10-fold increase of kinase activity, indicating that the different C-termini represent auto-inhibitory domains. Our results indicate that DCLK-short-A and -B control different neuronal processes that overlap with those controlled by CaMKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart M Engels
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medical Pharmacology, University of Leiden, PO Box 9503, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Burgess HA, Reiner O. Alternative splice variants of doublecortin-like kinase are differentially expressed and have different kinase activities. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:17696-705. [PMID: 11884394 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111981200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of mRNA transcripts expands the range of protein products from a single gene locus. Several splice variants of DCLK (doublecortin-like kinase) have previously been reported. Here, we report the genomic organization underlying the splice variants of DCLK and examine the expression profile of two splice variants affecting the kinase domain of DCLK and CPG16 (candidate plasticity gene 16), one containing an Arg-rich domain and the other affecting the C terminus of the protein. These splice alternatives were differentially expressed in embryonic and adult brain. Both splice variants disrupted DCLK PEST domains; however, all splice variants remained sensitive to proteolysis by calpain. The adult-specific C-terminal splice variant of DCLK had reduced autophosphorylation activity, but similar kinase activity for myelin basic protein relative to the embryonic splice variant. The splice variant adding an Arg-rich domain gained an autophosphorylation site at Ser-382. Although this protein isoform was expressed mainly in the adult brain, the phosphorylated form was strongly enriched in embryonic brain and adult olfactory bulb, suggesting a possible role in migrating neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold A Burgess
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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