1
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Cahoon DS, Fisher DR, Rabin BM, Lamon-Fava S, Wu D, Zheng T, Shukitt-Hale B. Galactic Cosmic Ray Particle Exposure Does Not Increase Protein Levels of Inflammation or Oxidative Stress Markers in Rat Microglial Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5923. [PMID: 38892109 PMCID: PMC11172496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Astronauts on exploratory missions will be exposed to galactic cosmic rays (GCR), which can induce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) and may increase the risk of neurodegenerative disease. As key regulators of inflammation and OS in the CNS, microglial cells may be involved in GCR-induced deficits, and therefore could be a target for neuroprotection. This study assessed the effects of exposure to helium (4He) and iron (56Fe) particles on inflammation and OS in microglia in vitro, to establish a model for testing countermeasure efficacy. Rat microglia were exposed to a single dose of 20 cGy (300 MeV/n) 4He or 2 Gy 56Fe (600 MeV/n), while the control cells were not exposed (0 cGy). Immediately following irradiation, fresh media was applied to the cells, and biomarkers of inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2], nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], phosphorylated IκB-α [pIκB-α], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNFα], and nitrite [NO2-]) and OS (NADPH oxidase [NOX2]) were assessed 24 h later using standard immunochemical techniques. Results showed that radiation did not increase levels of NO2- or protein levels of COX-2, iNOS, pIκB-α, TNFα, or NOX2 compared to non-irradiated control conditions in microglial cells (p > 0.05). Therefore, microglia in isolation may not be the primary cause of neuroinflammation and OS following exposures to helium or iron GCR particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S. Cahoon
- USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (D.S.C.); (D.R.F.); (S.L.-F.); (D.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Derek R. Fisher
- USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (D.S.C.); (D.R.F.); (S.L.-F.); (D.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Bernard M. Rabin
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD 21250, USA;
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (D.S.C.); (D.R.F.); (S.L.-F.); (D.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Dayong Wu
- USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (D.S.C.); (D.R.F.); (S.L.-F.); (D.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tong Zheng
- USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (D.S.C.); (D.R.F.); (S.L.-F.); (D.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (D.S.C.); (D.R.F.); (S.L.-F.); (D.W.); (T.Z.)
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2
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Yang Y, Wang J, Ni H, Ding H, Wei L, Ke ZJ. Genetic model of selective COX2 inhibition improve learning and memory ability and brain pathological changes in 5xFAD mouse. Brain Res 2023; 1821:148566. [PMID: 37683778 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that leads to dementia. Its pathogenesis is very complex, and inflammation is one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms of AD. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which mainly target cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, are used to reduce the risk of AD, but several side effects limit their application. Here we assess the effect of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) catalytic activity on learning ability and AD pathology using 5x Familial Alzheimer's Disease (FAD) mice with COX2 inhibition (5xFAD/COX2 KO), 5xFAD mice with cyclooxygenase inactivation of COX2 (5xFAD/COX2 Y385F), and 5xFAD mice with peroxidase (POX) inactivation of COX2 (5xFAD/COX2) H374Y), respectively. Our results indicate that learning ability of COX2 KO and mutants is improved compared to 5xFAD mice, further investigations show that Aβ depositions are reduced, microglia and astrocytes homeostasis are changed in COX2 KO and mutants. Especially, there is more responsive microglia in the brain of 5xFAD/COX2 Y385F mice, and Aβ depositions are more effectively cleaned at old age. Taken together, these results identify a role of COX2 Y385F in regulating microglia function and may have important implications for future treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Endocrinology Department of Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, PR China
| | - Hong Ni
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hanqing Ding
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Luyao Wei
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Zun-Ji Ke
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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3
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Roy A, Bera S, Saso L, Dwarakanath BS. Role of autophagy in tumor response to radiation: Implications for improving radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:957373. [PMID: 36172166 PMCID: PMC9510974 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.957373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved, lysosome-involved cellular process that facilitates the recycling of damaged macromolecules, cellular structures, and organelles, thereby generating precursors for macromolecular biosynthesis through the salvage pathway. It plays an important role in mediating biological responses toward various stress, including those caused by ionizing radiation at the cellular, tissue, and systemic levels thereby implying an instrumental role in shaping the tumor responses to radiotherapy. While a successful execution of autophagy appears to facilitate cell survival, abortive or interruptions in the completion of autophagy drive cell death in a context-dependent manner. Pre-clinical studies establishing its ubiquitous role in cells and tissues, and the systemic response to focal irradiation of tumors have prompted the initiation of clinical trials using pharmacologic modifiers of autophagy for enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy. However, the outcome from the Phase I/II trials in many human malignancies has so far been equivocal. Such observations have not only precluded the advancement of these autophagy modifiers in the Phase III trial but have also raised concerns regarding their introduction as an adjuvant to radiotherapy. This warrants a thorough understanding of the biology of the cancer cells, including its spatio-temporal context, as well as its microenvironment all of which might be the crucial factors that determine the success of an autophagy modifier as an anticancer agent. This review captures the current understanding of the interplay between radiation induced autophagy and the biological responses to radiation damage as well as provides insight into the potentials and limitations of targeting autophagy for improving the radiotherapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Academy Degree College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- *Correspondence: Amrita Roy, ; ; Soumen Bera, ; ; Bilikere S. Dwarakanath, ;
| | - Soumen Bera
- B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Amrita Roy, ; ; Soumen Bera, ; ; Bilikere S. Dwarakanath, ;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Bilikere S. Dwarakanath
- Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Institute, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Amrita Roy, ; ; Soumen Bera, ; ; Bilikere S. Dwarakanath, ;
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4
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Ao Z, Song S, Tian C, Cai H, Li X, Miao Y, Wu Z, Krzesniak J, Ning B, Gu M, Lee LP, Guo F. Understanding Immune-Driven Brain Aging by Human Brain Organoid Microphysiological Analysis Platform. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200475. [PMID: 35908805 PMCID: PMC9507385 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The aging of the immune system drives systemic aging and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. However, a significant knowledge gap remains in understanding immune-driven aging, especially in brain aging, due to the limited current in vitro models of neuroimmune interaction. Here, the authors report the development of a human brain organoid microphysiological analysis platform (MAP) to discover the dynamic process of immune-driven brain aging. The organoid MAP is created by 3D printing that confines organoid growth and facilitates cell and nutrition perfusion, promoting organoid maturation and their committment to forebrain identity. Dynamic rocking flow is incorporated into the platform that allows to perfuse primary monocytes from young (20 to 30-year-old) and aged (>60-year-old) donors and culture human cortical organoids to model neuroimmune interaction. The authors find that the aged monocytes increase infiltration and promote the expression of aging-related markers (e.g., higher expression of p16) within the human cortical organoids, indicating that aged monocytes may drive brain aging. The authors believe that the organoid MAP may provide promising solutions for basic research and translational applications in aging, neural immunological diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Sunghwa Song
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Chunhui Tian
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Yifei Miao
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM)Division of Pulmonary BiologyDivision of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH45229USA
- University of Cincinnati School of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229USA
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Jonathan Krzesniak
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Cellular and Molecular DiagnosticsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA70112USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM)Division of Pulmonary BiologyDivision of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH45229USA
- University of Cincinnati School of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229USA
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Harvard Institute of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolHarvard UniversityBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMA02115USA
- Department of BioengineeringDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- Department of BiophysicsInstitute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi‐do16419South Korea
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems EngineeringIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA
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5
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Iqubal A, Iqubal MK, Sharma S, Wasim M, Alfaleh MA, Md S, Baboota S, Ali J, Haque SE. Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic promise of phytochemicals and nanocarriers based drug delivery against radiotherapy-induced neurotoxic manifestations. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1492-1511. [PMID: 35543534 PMCID: PMC9103628 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2064562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the extensively used therapeutic modalities in glioblastoma and other types of cancers. Radiotherapy is either used as a first-line approach or combined with pharmacotherapy or surgery to manage and treat cancer. Although the use of radiotherapy significantly increased the survival time of patients, but its use has been reported with marked neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction that eventually reduced the quality of life of patients. Based on the preclinical and clinical investigations, the profound role of increased oxidative stress, nuclear translocation of NF-kB, production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-β, increased level of MMPs, increased apoptosis, reduced angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and histological aberrations in CA1, CA2, CA3 and DG region of the hippocampus have been reported. Various pharmacotherapeutic drugs are being used as an adjuvant to counteract this neurotoxic manifestation. Still, most of these drugs suffer from systemic adverse effect, causes interference to ongoing chemotherapy, and exhibit pharmacokinetic limitations in crossing the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, various phytoconstituents, their nano carrier-based drug delivery systems and miRNAs have been explored to overcome the aforementioned limitations. The present review is focused on the mechanism and evidence of radiotherapy-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction, pathological and molecular changes in the brain homeostasis, available adjuvants, their limitations. Additionally, the potential role and mechanism of neuroprotection of various nanocarrier based natural products and miRNAs have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Product Development Department, Sentiss Research Centre, Sentiss Pharma Pvt Ltd, Gurugram, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Wasim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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6
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Fakhri S, Piri S, Moradi SZ, Khan H. Phytochemicals Targeting Oxidative Stress, Interconnected Neuroinflammatory, and Neuroapoptotic Pathways Following Radiation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:836-856. [PMID: 34370636 PMCID: PMC9881105 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210809103346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiation for therapeutic purposes has shown positive effects in different contexts; however, it can increase the risk of many age-related and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). These different outcomes highlight a dose-response phenomenon called hormesis. Prevailing studies indicate that high doses of radiation could play several destructive roles in triggering oxidative stress, neuroapoptosis, and neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration. However, there is a lack of effective treatments in combating radiation-induced neurodegeneration, and the present drugs suffer from some drawbacks, including side effects and drug resistance. Among natural entities, polyphenols are suggested as multi-target agents affecting the dysregulated pathogenic mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease. This review discusses the destructive effects of radiation on the induction of neurodegenerative diseases by dysregulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. We also describe the promising effects of polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals in preventing and treating radiation-induced neurodegenerative disorders, aiming to find novel/potential therapeutic compounds against such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;,Address correspondence to these author at the Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; E-mail: Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan; E-mail:
| | - Sana Piri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;,These authors have contributed equally to this work.
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;,These authors have contributed equally to this work.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan,Address correspondence to these author at the Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; E-mail: Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan; E-mail:
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7
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Treatment of Radiation-Induced Brain Necrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:4793517. [PMID: 34976300 PMCID: PMC8720020 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4793517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain necrosis (RBN) is a serious complication of intracranial as well as skull base tumors after radiotherapy. In the past, due to the lack of effective treatment, radiation brain necrosis was considered to be progressive and irreversible. With better understanding in histopathology and neuroimaging, the occurrence and development of RBN have been gradually clarified, and new treatment methods are constantly emerging. In recent years, some scholars have tried to treat RBN with bevacizumab, nerve growth factor, and gangliosides and have achieved similar results. Some cases of brain necrosis can be repairable and reversible. We aimed to summarize the incidence, pathogenesis, and treatment of RBN.
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8
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Luo N, Zhu W, Li X, Fu M, Peng X, Yang F, Zhang Y, Yin H, Yang C, Zhao J, Yuan X, Hu G. Impact of Gut Microbiota on Radiation-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Mice. Radiat Res 2022; 197:350-364. [PMID: 34982167 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00006.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury is a common complication of brain irradiation that eventually leads to irreversible cognitive impairment. Evidence has shown that the gut microbiome may play an important role in radiation-induced cognitive function. However, the effects of gut microbiota on radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) remain poorly understood. Here we studied the link between intestinal microbes and radiation-induced brain injury to further investigate the effects of intestinal bacteria on neuroinflammation and cognitive function. We first verified the differences in gut microbes between male and female mice and administered antibiotics to C57BL/6 male mice to deplete the gut flora and then expose mice to radiation. We found that depletion of intestinal flora after irradiation may act as a protective modulator against radiation-induced brain injury. Moreover, we found that pretreatment with depleted gut microbes in RIBI mice suppressed brain pro-inflammatory factor production, and high-throughput sequencing analysis of mouse feces at 1-month postirradiation revealed microbial differences. Interestingly, a proportion of Verrucomicrobia Akkermansia showed partial recovery. Additionally, short-chain fatty acid treatments increased neuroinflammation in the radiation-induced brain injury model. Although a further increase in cognitive function was not observed, brain injury was aggravated in whole-brain irradiated mice to some extent. The protective effects of depleted intestinal flora and the utilization of the brain-gut axis open new avenues for development of innovative therapeutic strategies for radiation-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Han Yin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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9
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Tsuji Y, Nonoguchi N, Okuzaki D, Wada Y, Motooka D, Hirota Y, Toho T, Yoshikawa N, Furuse M, Kawabata S, Miyatake SI, Nakamura H, Yamamoto R, Nakamura S, Kuroiwa T, Wanibuchi M. Chronic pathophysiological changes in the normal brain parenchyma caused by radiotherapy accelerate glioma progression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22110. [PMID: 34764346 PMCID: PMC8585920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of standard treatment for malignant glioma after surgery. The microenvironment after irradiation is considered not to be suitable for the survival of tumor cells (tumor bed effect). This study investigated whether the effect of changes in the microenvironment of parenchymal brain tissue caused by radiotherapy affect the recurrence and progression of glioma. 65-Gy irradiation had been applied to the right hemisphere of Fisher rats. After 3 months from irradiation, we extracted RNA and protein from the irradiated rat brain. To study effects of proteins extracted from the brains, we performed WST-8 assay and tube formation assay in vitro. Cytokine production were investigated for qPCR. Additionally, we transplanted glioma cell into the irradiated and sham animals and the median survival time of F98 transplanted rats was also examined in vivo. Immunohistochemical analyses and invasiveness of implanted tumor were evaluated. X-ray irradiation promoted the secretion of cytokines such as CXCL12, VEGF-A, TGF-β1 and TNFα from the irradiated brain. Proteins extracted from the irradiated brain promoted the proliferation and angiogenic activity of F98 glioma cells. Glioma cells implanted in the irradiated brains showed significantly high proliferation, angiogenesis and invasive ability, and the post-irradiation F98 tumor-implanted rats showed a shorter median survival time compared to the Sham-irradiation group. The current study suggests that the microenvironment around the brain tissue in the chronic phase after exposure to X-ray radiation becomes suitable for glioma cell growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Tsuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Naosuke Nonoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yusuke Wada
- grid.261455.10000 0001 0676 0594Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531 Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yuki Hirota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686 Japan
| | - Taichiro Toho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yoshikawa
- Department of Radiology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motomasa Furuse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686 Japan
| | - Shinji Kawabata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyatake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686 Japan ,Division for Advanced Medical Development, Cancer Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- grid.32197.3e0000 0001 2179 2105Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- grid.261455.10000 0001 0676 0594Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531 Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Kuroiwa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tesseikai Neurosurgical Hospital, 28-1, Nakanohommachi, Shijyonawate, Osaka 575-8511 Japan
| | - Masahiko Wanibuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686 Japan
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10
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Exosomes and exosomal microRNA in non-targeted radiation bystander and abscopal effects in the central nervous system. Cancer Lett 2020; 499:73-84. [PMID: 33160002 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Localized cranial radiotherapy is a dominant treatment for brain cancers. After being subjected to radiation, the central nervous system (CNS) exhibits targeted effects as well as non-targeted radiation bystander effects (RIBE) and abscopal effects (RIAE). Radiation-induced targeted effects in the CNS include autophagy and various changes in tumor cells due to radiation sensitivity, which can be regulated by microRNAs. Non-targeted radiation effects are mainly induced by gap junctional communication between cells, exosomes containing microRNAs can be transduced by intracellular endocytosis to regulate RIBE and RIAE. In this review, we discuss the involvement of microRNAs in radiation-induced targeted effects, as well as exosomes and/or exosomal microRNAs in non-targeted radiation effects in the CNS. As a target pathway, we also discuss the Akt pathway which is regulated by microRNAs, exosomes, and/or exosomal microRNAs in radiation-induced targeted effects and RIBE in CNS tumor cells. As the CNS-derived exosomes can cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) into the bloodstream and be isolated from peripheral blood, exosomes and exosomal microRNAs can emerge as promising minimally invasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for radiation-induced targeted and non-targeted effects in the CNS.
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Andrews RN, Bloomer EG, Olson JD, Hanbury DB, Dugan GO, Whitlow CT, Cline JM. Non-Human Primates Receiving High-Dose Total-Body Irradiation are at Risk of Developing Cerebrovascular Injury Years Postirradiation. Radiat Res 2020; 194:277-287. [PMID: 32942304 PMCID: PMC7583660 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00051.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear accidents and acts of terrorism have the potential to expose thousands of people to high-dose total-body iradiation (TBI). Those who survive the acute radiation syndrome are at risk of developing chronic, degenerative radiation-induced injuries [delayed effects of acute radiation (DEARE)] that may negatively affect quality of life. A growing body of literature suggests that the brain may be vulnerable to radiation injury at survivable doses, yet the long-term consequences of high-dose TBI on the adult brain are unclear. Herein we report the occurrence of lesions consistent with cerebrovascular injury, detected by susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in a cohort of non-human primate [(NHP); rhesus macaque, Macaca mulatta] long-term survivors of high-dose TBI (1.1-8.5 Gy). Animals were monitored longitudinally with brain MRI (approximately once every three years). Susceptibility-weighted images (SWI) were reviewed for hypointensities (cerebral microbleeds and/or focal necrosis). SWI hypointensities were noted in 13% of irradiated NHP; lesions were not observed in control animals. A prior history of exposure was correlated with an increased risk of developing a lesion detectable by MRI (P = 0.003). Twelve of 16 animals had at least one brain lesion present at the time of the first MRI evaluation; a subset of animals (n = 7) developed new lesions during the surveillance period (3.7-11.3 years postirradiation). Lesions occurred with a predilection for white matter and the gray-white matter junction. The majority of animals with lesions had one to three SWI hypointensities, but some animals had multifocal disease (n = 2). Histopathologic evaluation of deceased animals within the cohort (n = 3) revealed malformation of the cerebral vasculature and remodeling of the blood vessel walls. There was no association between comorbid diabetes mellitus or hypertension with SWI lesion status. These data suggest that long-term TBI survivors may be at risk of developing cerebrovascular injury years after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Andrews
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Section of Radiation Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Department of Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Ethan G. Bloomer
- University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32608
| | - John D. Olson
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - David B. Hanbury
- Department of Psychology, Averett University, Danville, Virginia 24541
| | - Gregory O. Dugan
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Christopher T. Whitlow
- Department of Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
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An Iatrogenic Model of Brain Small-Vessel Disease: Post-Radiation Encephalopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186506. [PMID: 32899565 PMCID: PMC7555594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied 114 primitive cerebral neoplasia, that were surgically treated, and underwent radiotherapy (RT), and compared their results to those obtained by 190 patients diagnosed with subcortical vascular dementia (sVAD). Patients with any form of primitive cerebral neoplasia underwent whole-brain radiotherapy. All the tumor patients had regional field partial brain RT, which encompassed each tumor, with an average margin of 2.6 cm from the initial target tumor volume. We observed in our patients who have been exposed to a higher dose of RT (30–65 Gy) a cognitive and behavior decline similar to that observed in sVAD, with the frontal dysexecutive syndrome, apathy, and gait alterations, but with a more rapid onset and with an overwhelming effect. Multiple mechanisms are likely to be involved in radiation-induced cognitive impairment. The active site of RT brain damage is the white matter areas, particularly the internal capsule, basal ganglia, caudate, hippocampus, and subventricular zone. In all cases, radiation damage inside the brain mainly focuses on the cortical–subcortical frontal loops, which integrate and process the flow of information from the cortical areas, where executive functions are “elaborated” and prepared, towards the thalamus, subthalamus, and cerebellum, where they are continuously refined and executed. The active mechanisms that RT drives are similar to those observed in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), leading to sVAD. The RT’s primary targets, outside the tumor mass, are the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the small vessels, and putative mechanisms that can be taken into account are oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation, strongly associated with the alteration of NMDA receptor subunit composition.
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Abdelzaher LA, Hussein OA, Ashry IEM. The Novel Potential Therapeutic Utility of Montelukast in Alleviating Autistic Behavior Induced by Early Postnatal Administration of Thimerosal in Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:129-150. [PMID: 32303879 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Thimerosal (THIM) is a mercury-containing preservative widely used in many biological and medical products including many vaccines. It has been accused of being a possible etiological factor for some neurodevelopmental disorders such as autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs). In our study, the potential therapeutic effect of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to treat seasonal allergies and asthma, on THIM mice model (ASDs model) was examined. METHODOLOGY Newborn mice were randomly distributed into three groups: (Group 1) Control (Cont.) group received saline injections. (Group 2) THIM-treated (THIM) group received THIM intramuscular (IM) at a dose of 3000 μg Hg/kg on postnatal days 7, 9, 11, and 15. (Group 3) Montelukast-treated (Monte) group received THIM followed by montelukast sodium (10 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneal (IP) for 3 weeks. Mice were evaluated for growth development, social interactions, anxiety, locomotor activity, and cognitive function. Brain histopathology, alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs), nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), apoptotic factor (Bax), and brain injury markers were evaluated as well. RESULTS THIIM significantly impaired social activity and growth development. Montelukast mitigated THIM-induced social deficit probably through α7nAChRs upregulation, NF-κB p65, Bax, and brain injury markers downregulation, thus suppressing THIM-induced neuronal toxicity and inflammation. CONCLUSION Neonatal exposure to THIM can induce growth retardation and abnormal social interactions similar to those observed in ASDs. Some of these abnormalities could be ameliorated by montelukast via upregulation of α7nAChRs that inhibited NF-κB activation and significant suppression of neuronal injury and the associated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna A Abdelzaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Ola A Hussein
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - I E M Ashry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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14
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Shenqi Fuzheng Injection Ameliorates Radiation-induced Brain Injury. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:965-971. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Guan PP, Liang YY, Cao LL, Yu X, Wang P. Cyclooxygenase-2 Induced the β-Amyloid Protein Deposition and Neuronal Apoptosis Via Upregulating the Synthesis of Prostaglandin E 2 and 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:1255-1268. [PMID: 31392591 PMCID: PMC6985346 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins (PGs) have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Analysis of the underlying mechanisms elucidated a function of sequential PGE2 and PGD2 synthesis in regulating β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition by modulating tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-dependent presenilin (PS)1/2 activity in COX-2 and APP/PS1 crossed mice. Specifically, COX-2 overexpression accelerates the expression of microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), leading to the synthesis of PGE2 and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) in 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice. Consequently, PGE2 has the ability to increase Aβ production by enhancing the expression of PS1/2 in a TNF-α-dependent manner, which accelerates the cognitive decline of COX-2/APP/PS1 mice. More interestingly, low concentrations of 15d-PGJ2 treatment facilitate the effects of PGE2 on the deposition of Aβ via TNF-α-dependent PS1/2 mechanisms. In contrast, high concentrations of 15d-PGJ2 treatment inhibit the deposition of Aβ via suppressing the expression of TNF-α-dependent PS1/2. In this regard, a high concentration of 15d-PGJ2 appears to be a therapeutic agent against Alzheimer's disease. However, the high 15d-PGJ2 concentration treatment induces neuronal apoptosis via increasing the protein levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and DFF45, which further impairs the learning ability of APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yun-Yue Liang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, China.
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16
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Sprowls SA, Arsiwala TA, Bumgarner JR, Shah N, Lateef SS, Kielkowski BN, Lockman PR. Improving CNS Delivery to Brain Metastases by Blood-Tumor Barrier Disruption. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:495-505. [PMID: 31421906 PMCID: PMC6703178 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases encompass nearly 80% of all intracranial tumors. A late stage diagnosis confers a poor prognosis, with patients typically surviving less than 2 years. Poor survival can be equated to limited effective treatment modalities. One reason for the failure rates is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) that limit the access of potentially effective chemotherapeutics to metastatic lesions. Strategies to overcome these barriers include new small molecule entities capable of crossing into the brain parenchyma, novel formulations of existing chemotherapies, and disruptive techniques. Here, we review BBB physiology and BTB pathophysiology. Additionally, we review the limitations of routinely practiced therapies and three current methods being explored for BBB/BTB disruption for improved delivery of chemotherapy to brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Sprowls
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University HSC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
| | - Tasneem A. Arsiwala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University HSC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
| | - Jacob R. Bumgarner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University HSC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
| | - Neal Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University HSC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
| | - Sundus S. Lateef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University HSC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
| | - Brooke N. Kielkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University HSC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
| | - Paul R. Lockman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University HSC, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
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Cramer CK, Cummings TL, Andrews RN, Strowd R, Rapp SR, Shaw EG, Chan MD, Lesser GJ. Treatment of Radiation-Induced Cognitive Decline in Adult Brain Tumor Patients. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2019; 20:42. [PMID: 30963289 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-019-0641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Patients with either primary or metastatic brain tumors quite often have cognitive impairment. Maintaining cognitive function is important to brain tumor patients and a decline in cognitive function is generally accompanied by a decline in functional independence and performance status. Cognitive decline can be a result of tumor progression, depression/anxiety, fatigue/sleep dysfunction, or the treatments they have received. It is our opinion that providers treating brain tumor patients should obtain pre-treatment and serial cognitive testing in their patients and offer mitigating and therapeutic interventions when appropriate. They should also support cognition-focused clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina K Cramer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Tiffany L Cummings
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Rachel N Andrews
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Section on Radiation Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Roy Strowd
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Stephen R Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine and Division Public Health Sciences (Social Sciences and Health Policy), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Edward G Shaw
- Memory Counseling Program, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Sticht Center on Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Michael D Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Glenn J Lesser
- Oncology, Medical Neuro-Oncology and Neuro-Oncology Research Program, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1082, USA
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18
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Andrews RN, Dugan GO, Peiffer AM, Hawkins GA, Hanbury DB, Bourland JD, Hampson RE, Deadwyler SA, Cline JM. White Matter is the Predilection Site of Late-Delayed Radiation-Induced Brain Injury in Non-Human Primates. Radiat Res 2019; 191:217-231. [PMID: 30694733 PMCID: PMC6422025 DOI: 10.1667/rr15263.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fractionated whole-brain irradiation for the treatment of intracranial neoplasia causes progressive neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. The long-term consequences of single-fraction high-dose irradiation to the brain are unknown. To assess the late effects of brain irradiation we compared transcriptomic gene expression profiles from nonhuman primates (NHP; rhesus macaques Macaca mulatta) receiving single-fraction total-body irradiation (TBI; n = 5, 6.75-8.05 Gy, 6-9 years prior to necropsy) to those receiving fractionated whole-brain irradiation (fWBI; n = 5, 40 Gy, 8 × 5 Gy fractions; 12 months prior to necropsy) and control comparators (n = 5). Gene expression profiles from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), hippocampus (HC) and deep white matter (WM; centrum semiovale) were compared. Stratified analyses by treatment and region revealed that radiation-induced transcriptomic alterations were most prominent in animals receiving fWBI, and primarily affected white matter in both TBI and fWBI groups. Unsupervised canonical and ontologic analysis revealed that TBI or fWBI animals demonstrated shared patterns of injury, including white matter neuroinflammation, increased expression of complement factors and T-cell activation. Both irradiated groups also showed evidence of impaired glutamatergic neurotransmission and signal transduction within white matter, but not within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or hippocampus. Signaling pathways and structural elements involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling were noted within the white matter of animals receiving fWBI, but not of those receiving TBI. These findings indicate that those animals receiving TBI are susceptible to neurological injury similar to that observed after fWBI, and these changes persist for years postirradiation. Transcriptomic profiling reaffirmed that macrophage/microglial-mediated neuroinflammation is present in radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI), and our data provide novel evidence that the complement system may contribute to the pathogenesis of RIBI. Finally, these data challenge the assumption that the hippocampus is the predilection site of injury in RIBI, and indicate that impaired glutamatergic neurotransmission may occur in white matter injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Andrews
- Departments of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Gregory O. Dugan
- Departments of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Ann M. Peiffer
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Departments of Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Gregory A. Hawkins
- Departments of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Departments of Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - David B. Hanbury
- Department of Psychology, Averett University, Danville, Virginia 24541
| | - J. Daniel Bourland
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Departments of Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Robert E. Hampson
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Samuel A. Deadwyler
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Departments of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
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Nassif EF, Arsène-Henry A, Kirova YM. Brain metastases and treatment: multiplying cognitive toxicities. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:327-341. [PMID: 30755047 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1582336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thirty per cent of cancer patients develop brain metastases, with multiple combination or sequential treatment modalities available, to treat systemic or central nervous system (CNS) disease. Most patients experience toxicities as a result of these treatments, of which cognitive impairment is one of the adverse events most commonly reported, causing major impairment of the patient's quality of life. Areas covered: This article reviews the role of cancer treatments in cognitive decline of patients with brain metastases: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapies and hormone therapy. Pathological and molecular mechanisms, as well as future directions for limiting cognitive toxicities are also presented. Other causes of cognitive impairment in this population are discussed in order to refine the benefit-risk balance of each treatment modality. Expert opinion: Cumulative cognitive toxicity should be taken into account, and tailored to the patient's cognitive risk in the light of the expected survival benefit. Standardization of cognitive assessment in this context is needed in order to better appreciate each treatment's responsibility in cognitive impairment, keeping in mind disease itself impacts cognition in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise F Nassif
- a Department of Radiotherapy , Institut Curie , Paris , France
| | | | - Youlia M Kirova
- a Department of Radiotherapy , Institut Curie , Paris , France
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Ueno H, Suemitsu S, Murakami S, Kitamura N, Wani K, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T. Region-specific reduction of parvalbumin neurons and behavioral changes in adult mice following single exposure to cranial irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:611-625. [PMID: 30601685 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1564081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing irradiation has several long-term effects including progressive cognitive impairment. Cognitive deterioration generally appears to be caused by abnormalities in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, with abnormal function of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV neurons) in the cerebral cortex. PV neurons are vulnerable to oxidative stress, which can be caused by ionizing irradiation. We speculated that selective impairment of specific brain regions due to ionizing irradiation may alter the degree of cognitive impairment. METHODS We irradiated mature mouse brains with 20 Gy-ionizing irradiation. Subsequently, we analyzed behavioral abnormalities and changes in the number of PV neurons. RESULTS PV neuron density was significantly lower in some cortical regions of irradiated mice than in control mice. Within 1 week of irradiation, both body weight and temperature of irradiated mice decreased. In the forced swim test, irradiated mice spent significantly less time immobile than did control mice. However, irradiated mice did not display any abnormalities in the elevated plus maze test, Y-maze test, tail suspension test, and social interaction test between 3 to 6 days after irradiation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that high-dose irradiation is less likely to cause brain dysfunction in the subacute phase. Moreover, the vulnerability of PV neurons appears to be brain-region specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- a Department of Medical Technology , Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare , Okayama , Japan.,b Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Shunsuke Suemitsu
- c Department of Psychiatry , Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan
| | - Shinji Murakami
- c Department of Psychiatry , Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan
| | - Naoya Kitamura
- c Department of Psychiatry , Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan
| | - Kenta Wani
- c Department of Psychiatry , Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- d Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- b Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- c Department of Psychiatry , Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki , Japan
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Gupta K, Burns TC. Radiation-Induced Alterations in the Recurrent Glioblastoma Microenvironment: Therapeutic Implications. Front Oncol 2018; 8:503. [PMID: 30467536 PMCID: PMC6236021 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is uniformly fatal with a median survival of just over 1 year, despite best available treatment including radiotherapy (RT). Impacts of prior brain RT on recurrent tumors are poorly understood, though increasing evidence suggests RT-induced changes in the brain microenvironment contribute to recurrent GBM aggressiveness. The tumor microenvironment impacts malignant cells directly and indirectly through stromal cells that support tumor growth. Changes in extracellular matrix (ECM), abnormal vasculature, hypoxia, and inflammation have been reported to promote tumor aggressiveness that could be exacerbated by prior RT. Prior radiation may have long-term impacts on microglia and brain-infiltrating monocytes, leading to lasting alterations in cytokine signaling and ECM. Tumor-promoting CNS injury responses are recapitulated in the tumor microenvironment and augmented following prior radiation, impacting cell phenotype, proliferation, and infiltration in the CNS. Since RT is vital to GBM management, but substantially alters the tumor microenvironment, we here review challenges, knowledge gaps, and therapeutic opportunities relevant to targeting pro-tumorigenic features of the GBM microenvironment. We suggest that insights from RT-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment may provide opportunities to target mechanisms, such as cellular senescence, that may promote GBM aggressiveness amplified in previously radiated microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshama Gupta
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Terry C Burns
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Yoshida Y, Sejimo Y, Kurachi M, Ishizaki Y, Nakano T, Takahashi A. X-ray irradiation induces disruption of the blood–brain barrier with localized changes in claudin-5 and activation of microglia in the mouse brain. Neurochem Int 2018; 119:199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the gaps in our knowledge of the roles of COX-2 and PGs in AD have not been filled. Here, we summarized the literature showing that COX-2 dysregulation obviously influences abnormal cleavage of β-amyloid precursor protein, aggregation and deposition of Aβ in β-amyloid plaques and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy, and apoptosis have been assessed to elucidate the mechanisms of COX-2 regulation of AD. Notably, an imbalance of these factors ultimately produces cognitive decline. The current review substantiates our understanding of the mechanisms of COX-2-induced AD and establishes foundations for the design of feasible therapeutic strategies to treat AD.-Guan, P.-P., Wang, P. Integrated communications between cyclooxygenase-2 and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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24
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Andrews RN, Caudell DL, Metheny-Barlow LJ, Peiffer AM, Tooze JA, Bourland JD, Hampson RE, Deadwyler SA, Cline JM. Fibronectin Produced by Cerebral Endothelial and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Contributes to Perivascular Extracellular Matrix in Late-Delayed Radiation-Induced Brain Injury. Radiat Res 2018; 190:361-373. [PMID: 30016219 DOI: 10.1667/rr14961.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Late-delayed radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a major adverse effect of fractionated whole-brain irradiation (fWBI). Characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction, and associated cerebrovascular and white matter injury, RIBI deleteriously affects quality of life for cancer patients. Despite extensive morphological characterization of the injury, the pathogenesis is unclear, thus limiting the development of effective therapeutics. We previously reported that RIBI is associated with increased gene expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin (FN1). We hypothesized that fibronectin contributes to perivascular ECM, which may impair diffusion to the dependent parenchyma, thus contributing to the observed cognitive decline. The goal of this study was to determine the localization of fibronectin in RIBI and further characterize the composition of perivascular ECM, as well as identify the cell of origin for FN1 by in situ hybridization. Briefly, fibronectin localized to the vascular basement membrane of morphologically normal blood vessels from control comparators and animals receiving fWBI, and to the perivascular space of edematous and fibrotic vascular phenotypes of animals receiving fWBI. Additional mild diffuse parenchymal staining in areas of vascular injury suggested blood-brain-barrier disruption and plasma fibronectin extravasation. Perivascular ECM lacked amyloid and contained lesser amounts of collagens I and IV, which localized to the basement membrane. These changes occurred in the absence of alterations in microvascular area fraction or microvessel density. Fibronectin transcripts were rarely expressed in control comparators, and were most strongly induced within cerebrovascular endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells after fWBI. Our results demonstrate that fibronectin is produced by cerebrovascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells in late-delayed RIBI and contributes to perivascular ECM, which we postulate may contribute to diffusion barrier formation. We propose that pathways that antagonize fibronectin deposition and matrix assembly or enhance degradation may serve as potential therapeutic targets in RIBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linda J Metheny-Barlow
- b Radiation Oncology.,e Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Ann M Peiffer
- b Radiation Oncology.,e Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | | | - J Daniel Bourland
- b Radiation Oncology.,e Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | | | | | - J Mark Cline
- b Radiation Oncology.,e Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
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25
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Miao S, Koganezawa N, Hanamura K, Puspitasari A, Shirao T. N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Mediates X-irradiation-induced Drebrin Decrease in Hippocampus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2974/kmj.68.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuchuan Miao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Noriko Koganezawa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Hanamura
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Anggraeini Puspitasari
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- International Open Laboratory, Harvard Medical School/MGH Dr. Held Lab, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR)
| | - Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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26
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Chishti AA, Baumstark-Khan C, Koch K, Kolanus W, Feles S, Konda B, Azhar A, Spitta LF, Henschenmacher B, Diegeler S, Schmitz C, Hellweg CE. Linear Energy Transfer Modulates Radiation-Induced NF-kappa B Activation and Expression of its Downstream Target Genes. Radiat Res 2018; 189:354-370. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14905.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ali Chishti
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Christa Baumstark-Khan
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Kristina Koch
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Feles
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Bikash Konda
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Abid Azhar
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Luis F. Spitta
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Bernd Henschenmacher
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diegeler
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmitz
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Christine E. Hellweg
- German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
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Bylicky MA, Mueller GP, Day RM. Mechanisms of Endogenous Neuroprotective Effects of Astrocytes in Brain Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6501031. [PMID: 29805731 PMCID: PMC5901819 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6501031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes, once believed to serve only as "glue" for the structural support of neurons, have been demonstrated to serve critical functions for the maintenance and protection of neurons, especially under conditions of acute or chronic injury. There are at least seven distinct mechanisms by which astrocytes protect neurons from damage; these are (1) protection against glutamate toxicity, (2) protection against redox stress, (3) mediation of mitochondrial repair mechanisms, (4) protection against glucose-induced metabolic stress, (5) protection against iron toxicity, (6) modulation of the immune response in the brain, and (7) maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the presence of DNA damage. Astrocytes support these critical functions through specialized responses to stress or toxic conditions. The detoxifying activities of astrocytes are essential for maintenance of the microenvironment surrounding neurons and in whole tissue homeostasis. Improved understanding of the mechanisms by which astrocytes protect the brain could lead to the development of novel targets for the development of neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Bylicky
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gregory P. Mueller
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Regina M. Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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28
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Najafi M, Motevaseli E, Shirazi A, Geraily G, Rezaeyan A, Norouzi F, Rezapoor S, Abdollahi H. Mechanisms of inflammatory responses to radiation and normal tissues toxicity: clinical implications. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:335-356. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1440092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazale Geraily
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhasan Rezaeyan
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Norouzi
- Science and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Rezapoor
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Groves AM, Johnston CJ, Williams JP, Finkelstein JN. Role of Infiltrating Monocytes in the Development of Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Radiat Res 2018; 189:300-311. [PMID: 29332538 DOI: 10.1667/rr14874.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung exposure to radiation induces an injury response that includes the release of cytokines and chemotactic mediators; these signals recruit immune cells to execute inflammatory and wound-healing processes. However, radiation alters the pulmonary microenvironment, dysregulating the immune responses and preventing a return to homeostasis. Importantly, dysregulation is observed as a chronic inflammation, which can progress into pneumonitis and promote pulmonary fibrosis; inflammatory monocytes, which are bone marrow derived and express CCR2, have been shown to migrate into the lung after radiation exposure. Although the extent to which recruited inflammatory monocytes contribute to radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis has not been fully investigated, we hypothesize that its pathogenesis is reliant on this population. The CC chemokine ligand, CCL2, is a chemotactic mediator responsible for trafficking of CCR2+ inflammatory cells into the lung. Therefore, the contribution of this mediator to fibrosis development was analyzed. Interleukin (IL)-1β, a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed during the radiation response, and its receptor, IL-1R1, were also evaluated. To this end, CCR2-/-, IL-1β-/- and IL-1R1-/- chimeric mice were generated and exposed to 12.5 Gy thoracic radiation, and their response was compared to wild-type (C57BL/6) syngeneic controls. Fibrotic foci were observed in the periphery of the lungs of C57 syngeneic mice and CCR2-/- recipient mice that received C57 bone marrow (C57 > CCR2-/-) by 16 and 12 weeks after irradiation, respectively. In contrast, in the mice that had received bone marrow lacking CCR2 (CCR2-/- > C57 and CCR2-/- syngeneic mice), no pulmonary fibrosis was observed at 22 weeks postirradiation. This observation correlated with decreased numbers of infiltrating and interstitial macrophages compared to controls, as well as reduced proportions of pro-inflammatory Ly6C+ macrophages observed at 12-18 weeks postirradiation, suggesting that CCR2+ macrophages contribute to radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Interestingly, reduced proportions of CD206+ lung macrophages were also present at these time points in CCR2-/- chimeric mice, regardless of donor bone marrow type, suggesting that the phenotype of resident subsets may be influenced by CCR2. Furthermore, chimeras, in which either IL-1β was ablated from infiltrating cells or IL-1R1 from lung tissues, were also protected from fibrosis development, correlating with attenuated CCL2 production; these data suggest that IL-1β may influence chemotactic signaling after irradiation. Overall, our data suggest that CCR2+ infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages may play a critical role in the development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Groves
- Department of a Pediatrics M&D Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Carl J Johnston
- Department of a Pediatrics M&D Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,b Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jacqueline P Williams
- b Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jacob N Finkelstein
- Department of a Pediatrics M&D Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,b Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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30
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Cho HJ, Lee WH, Hwang OMH, Sonntag WE, Lee YW. Role of NADPH oxidase in radiation-induced pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory pathways in mouse brain. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1257-1266. [PMID: 28880721 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1377360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was designed to investigate our hypothesis that NADPH oxidase plays a role in radiation-induced pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory environments in the brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice received either fractionated whole brain irradiation or sham-irradiation. The mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α and MCP-1, were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The protein expression levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, NOX-2 and Iba1 were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The levels of ROS were visualized by in situ DHE fluorescence staining. RESULTS A significant up-regulation of mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 was observed in irradiated mouse brains. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining of Iba1 showed a marked increase of microglial activation in mouse brain after irradiation. Moreover, in situ DHE fluorescence staining revealed that fractionated whole brain irradiation significantly increased production of ROS. Furthermore, a significant increase in immunoreactivity of NOX-2 was detected in mouse brain after irradiation. On the contrary, an enhanced ROS generation in mouse brain after irradiation was markedly attenuated in the presence of NOX inhibitors or NOX-2 neutralizing antibody. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NOX-2 may play a role in fractionated whole brain irradiation-induced pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory pathways in mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Cho
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Won Hee Lee
- b Stanford Cardiovascular Institute , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Olivia Min Ha Hwang
- c Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- d Department of Geriatric Medicine , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Yong Woo Lee
- c Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , VA , USA
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31
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Slezak J, Kura B, Babal P, Barancik M, Ferko M, Frimmel K, Kalocayova B, Kukreja RC, Lazou A, Mezesova L, Okruhlicova L, Ravingerova T, Singal PK, Szeiffova Bacova B, Viczenczova C, Vrbjar N, Tribulova N. Potential markers and metabolic processes involved in the mechanism of radiation-induced heart injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1190-1203. [PMID: 28750189 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation of normal tissues leads to acute increase in reactive oxygen/nitrogen species that serve as intra- and inter-cellular signaling to alter cell and tissue function. In the case of chest irradiation, it can affect the heart, blood vessels, and lungs, with consequent tissue remodelation and adverse side effects and symptoms. This complex process is orchestrated by a large number of interacting molecular signals, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Inflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, thrombogenesis, organ dysfunction, and ultimate failing of the heart occur as a pathological entity - "radiation-induced heart disease" (RIHD) that is major source of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review is to bring insights into the basic mechanisms of RIHD that may lead to the identification of targets for intervention in the radiotherapy side effect. Studies of authors also provide knowledge about how to select targeted drugs or biological molecules to modify the progression of radiation damage in the heart. New prospective studies are needed to validate that assessed factors and changes are useful as early markers of cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Slezak
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kura
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Babal
- b Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Barancik
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Ferko
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karel Frimmel
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- c Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Antigone Lazou
- d School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lucia Mezesova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludmila Okruhlicova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tanya Ravingerova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pawan K Singal
- e University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | | | - Csilla Viczenczova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Vrbjar
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Narcis Tribulova
- a Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Slezák J, Kura B, Frimmel K, Zálešák M, Ravingerová T, Viczenczová C, Okruhlicová Ľ, Tribulová N. Preventive and therapeutic application of molecular hydrogen in situations with excessive production of free radicals. Physiol Res 2017; 65 Suppl 1:S11-28. [PMID: 27643933 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive production of oxygen free radicals has been regarded as a causative common denominator of many pathological processes in the animal kingdom. Hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals represent the major cause of the destruction of biomolecules either by a direct reaction or by triggering a chain reaction of free radicals. Scavenging of free radicals may act preventively or therapeutically. A number of substances that preferentially react with free radicals can serve as scavengers, thus increasing the internal capacity/activity of endogenous antioxidants and protecting cells and tissues against oxidative damage. Molecular hydrogen (H(2)) reacts with strong oxidants, such as hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals, in the cells, that enables utilization of its potential for preventive and therapeutic applications. H(2) rapidly diffuses into tissues and cells without affecting metabolic redox reactions and signaling reactive species. H(2) reduces oxidative stress also by regulating gene expression, and functions as an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent. There is a growing body of evidence based on the results of animal experiments and clinical observations that H(2) may represent an effective antioxidant for the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases. Application of molecular hydrogen in situations with excessive production of free radicals, in particular, hydroxyl and nitrosyl radicals is relatively simple and effective, therefore, it deserves special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Slezák
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Zhao H, Alam A, Chen Q, Eusman M, Pal A, Eguchi S, Wu L, Ma D. The role of microglia in the pathobiology of neuropathic pain development: what do we know? Br J Anaesth 2017; 118:504-516. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Mechanisms of radiotherapy-associated cognitive disability in patients with brain tumours. Nat Rev Neurol 2016; 13:52-64. [PMID: 27982041 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Standard treatment of primary and metastatic brain tumours includes high-dose megavoltage-range radiation to the cranial vault. About half of patients survive >6 months, and many attain long-term control or cure. However, 50-90% of survivors exhibit disabling cognitive dysfunction. The radiation-associated cognitive syndrome is poorly understood and has no effective prevention or long-term treatment. Attention has primarily focused on mechanisms of disability that appear at 6 months to 1 year after radiotherapy. However, recent studies show that CNS alterations and dysfunction develop much earlier following radiation exposure. This finding has prompted the hypothesis that subtle early forms of radiation-induced CNS damage could drive chronic pathophysiological processes that lead to permanent cognitive decline. This Review presents evidence of acute radiation-triggered CNS inflammation, injury to neuronal lineages, accessory cells and their progenitors, and loss of supporting structure integrity. Moreover, injury-related processes initiated soon after irradiation could synergistically alter the signalling microenvironment in progenitor cell niches in the brain and the hippocampus, which is a structure critical to memory and cognition. Progenitor cell niche degradation could cause progressive neuronal loss and cognitive disability. The concluding discussion addresses future directions and potential early treatments that might reverse degenerative processes before they can cause permanent cognitive disability.
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Kyrkanides S, Kambylafkas P, Miller JH, Tallents RH. Non-primate Lentiviral Vector Administration in the TMJ. J Dent Res 2016; 83:65-70. [PMID: 14691116 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is emerging as a novel treatment method for the management of temporomandibular joint disorders. The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of lentiviral vectors on the temporomandibular joint. Consequently, we injected into the articular joint space a defective feline immunodeficiency virus capable of infecting dividing as well as terminally differentiated cells with the reporter gene lacZ, the expression of which was studied by means of PCR, X-gal histochemistry, and β-galactosidase immunocytochemistry. Our results showed successful transduction of hard and soft tissues of the temporomandibular joint. Interestingly, a subset of primary sensory neurons of the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion also stained positive for the reporter gene, presumably following uptake of the lentiviral vector by peripheral nerve fibers and retrograde transport to the nucleus. These findings suggest that lentiviral vectors can potentially serve as a platform for the transfer of anti-nociceptive genes for the management of temporomandibular joint pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kyrkanides
- Eastman Department of Dentistry, University of Rochester, 625 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
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Kukoamine A Prevents Radiation-Induced Neuroinflammation and Preserves Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Rats by Inhibiting Activation of NF-κB and AP-1. Neurotox Res 2016; 31:259-268. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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Pius-Sadowska E, Kawa MP, Kłos P, Rogińska D, Rudnicki M, Boehlke M, Waloszczyk P, Machaliński B. Alteration of Selected Neurotrophic Factors and their Receptor Expression in Mouse Brain Response to Whole-Brain Irradiation. Radiat Res 2016; 186:489-507. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14457.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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38
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Yang N, Gao X, Qu X, Zhang R, Tong F, Cai Q, Dong J, Hu Y, Wu G, Dong X. PIDD Mediates Radiation-Induced Microglia Activation. Radiat Res 2016; 186:345-359. [PMID: 27643878 DOI: 10.1667/rr14374.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is the most common adverse effect that occurs after cranial radiation therapy (CRT). We have previously reported that CRT-induced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in brain tissues and inhibition of neurogenesis in the hippocampus might be caused by microglial activation and may play an important role in RIBI. In this study we examined the role of p53-induced protein with a death domain (PIDD) in radiation-induced activation of BV-2 cells. BV-2 cells were transfected with antisense oligonucleotide control mRNA or antisense oligonucleotide-targeted PIDD mRNA and were sham or 16 Gy irradiated. The state of microglia and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Findings from this study suggest that silencing PIDD expression could inhibit microglial activation by downregulating the PIDD-C/NF-κβ transcription pathway. PIDD acts as a critical switcher between the NF-κβ transcription pathway and radiation-induced apoptosis. Given these findings, this study offers a potential novel approach to further combination treatment of RIBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nong Yang
- a Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, 410006, China; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Hu
- d Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Qasem H, Al-Ayadhi L, El-Ansary A. Cysteinyl leukotriene correlated with 8-isoprostane levels as predictive biomarkers for sensory dysfunction in autism. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:130. [PMID: 27530350 PMCID: PMC4988023 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that clinically presented as cognitive deficits, social impairments and sensory dysfunction. An increasing body of evidence has shown that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of autism. Recording biomarkers as measure of the severity of autistic features might help in understanding the pathophysiology of autism. Methods This study investigates the plasma levels of 8-isoprostane and Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) in 44 autistic children and 40 healthy controls. The recruited autistic patients were assessed for behavior, cognitive and sensory deficits by using different autism severity rating scales, including the Childhood Autism Rating Scales (CARS), Social responsiveness scale (SRS) and Short Sensory Profile (SSP). Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis (ROC) of the obtained data was performed to measure the predictive value of 8-isoprostane and Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) as oxidative stress- related parameters. Pearson’s correlations between the measured parameters was also performed. Results The concentrations of 8-isoprostane and CysLTs in autistic patients were significantly higher than those in controls. While cognitive and social impairments did not show any significant differences, the SSP results were strongly correlated with the levels of both of the biomarkers assessed. However, autistic children showed improvements in oxidative stress status (as determined by 8-isoprostane levels) at increasing ages. Conclusion This study indicates that 8-isoprostane and CysLTs can be used as markers for the early recognition of autistic patients through sensory deficits phenotypes which might help early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Qasem
- Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Al-Ayadhi
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Shaik AL-Amodi Autism Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, Saudi Arabia. .,Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Shaik AL-Amodi Autism Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Medicinal Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Gupta M, Mishra SK, Kumar BSH, Khushu S, Rana P. Early detection of whole body radiation induced microstructural and neuroinflammatory changes in hippocampus: A diffusion tensor imaging and gene expression study. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1067-1078. [PMID: 27436454 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is known to a cause systemic inflammatory response within hours of exposure that may affect the central nervous system (CNS). The present study was carried out to look upon the influence of radiation induced systemic inflammatory response in hippocampus within 24 hr of whole body radiation exposure. A Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) study was conducted in mice exposed to a 5-Gy radiation dose through a 60 Co source operating at 2.496 Gy/min at 3 hr and 24 hr post irradiation and in sham-irradiated controls using 7 T animal MRI system. The results showed a significant decrease in Mean Diffusivity (MD), Radial Diffusivity (RD), and Axial Diffusivity (AD) in hippocampus at 24 hr compared with controls. Additionally, marked change in RD was observed at 3 hr. Increased serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP) level depicted an increased systemic/peripheral inflammation. The neuroinflammatory response in hippocampus was characterized by increased mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and Cox-2 at the 24 hr time point. Additionally, in the irradiated group, reactive astrogliosis was illustrated, with noticeable changes in GFAP expression at 24 hr. Altered diffusivity and enhanced neuroinflammatory expression in the hippocampal region showed peripheral inflammation induced changes in brain. Moreover, a negative correlation between gene expression and DTI parameters depicted a neuroinflammation induced altered microenvironment that might affect water diffusivity. The study showed that there was an influence of whole body radiation exposure on hippocampus even during the early acute phase that could be reflected in terms of neuroinflammatory response as well as microstructural changes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Gupta
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Sushanta Kumar Mishra
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - B S Hemanth Kumar
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Subash Khushu
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Rana
- NMR Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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Ismail AF, El-Sonbaty SM. Fermentation enhances Ginkgo biloba protective role on gamma-irradiation induced neuroinflammatory gene expression and stress hormones in rat brain. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 158:154-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Desmarais G, Charest G, Therriault H, Shi M, Fortin D, Bujold R, Mathieu D, Paquette B. Infiltration of F98 glioma cells in Fischer rat brain is temporary stimulated by radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:444-50. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1175682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desmarais
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Charest
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Hélène Therriault
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Minghan Shi
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - David Fortin
- Department of Surgery, Service of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Rachel Bujold
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Service of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - David Mathieu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Benoit Paquette
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Moravan MJ, Olschowka JA, Williams JP, O'Banion MK. Brain radiation injury leads to a dose- and time-dependent recruitment of peripheral myeloid cells that depends on CCR2 signaling. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:30. [PMID: 26842770 PMCID: PMC4738790 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cranial radiotherapy is used to treat tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), as well as non-neoplastic conditions such as arterio-venous malformations; however, its use is limited by the tolerance of adjacent normal CNS tissue, which can lead to devastating long-term sequelae for patients. Despite decades of research, the underlying mechanisms by which radiation induces CNS tissue injury remain unclear. Neuroinflammation and immune cell infiltration are a recognized component of the CNS radiation response; however, the extent and mechanisms by which bone marrow-derived (BMD) immune cells participate in late radiation injury is unknown. Thus, we set out to better characterize the response and tested the hypothesis that C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) signaling was required for myeloid cell recruitment following brain irradiation. METHODS We used young adult C57BL/6 male bone marrow chimeric mice created with donor mice that constitutively express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). The head was shielded to avoid brain radiation exposure during chimera construction. Radiation dose and time response studies were conducted in wild-type chimeras, and additional experiments were performed with chimeras created using donor marrow from CCR2 deficient, eGFP-expressing mice. Infiltrating eGFP+ cells were identified and quantified using immunofluorescent microscopy. RESULTS Brain irradiation resulted in a dose- and time-dependent infiltration of BMD immune cells (predominately myeloid) that began at 1 month and persisted until 6 months following ≥15 Gy brain irradiation. Infiltration was limited to areas that were directly exposed to radiation. CCR2 signaling loss resulted in decreased numbers of infiltrating cells at 6 months that appeared to be restricted to cells also expressing major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. CONCLUSIONS The potential roles played by infiltrating immune cells are of current importance due to increasing interest in immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment and a growing clinical interest in survivorship and quality of life issues. Our findings demonstrate that injury from brain radiation facilitates a dose- and time-dependent recruitment of BMD cells that persists for at least 6 months and, in the case of myeloid cells, is dependent on CCR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Moravan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - John A Olschowka
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Jacqueline P Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Tong F, Zhang J, Liu L, Gao X, Cai Q, Wei C, Dong J, Hu Y, Wu G, Dong X. Corilagin Attenuates Radiation-Induced Brain Injury in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:6982-6996. [PMID: 26666668 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cranial irradiation-induced inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI). Anti-inflammation treatment may provide therapeutic benefits. Corilagin (beta-1-O-galloyl-3, 6-(R)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-D-glucose, C27H22O18) was a novel member of the tannin family with anti-inflammatory properties and is isolated from some medicinal plants, such as Phyllanthus amarus and Caesalpinia coriaria. In this study, the effect of Corilagin on RIBI was investigated and the underlying mechanisms were explored. Spatial learning and memory ability of mice were investigated by the Morris water maze test. Evans blue leakage and electron microscopy were used to assess the integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB). The mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, were measured by using real-time PCR and Western blotting. The activation of microglial cells and expression of TNF-α were examined by immunofluorescence staining. Phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) and IκBα, and the translocation of p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus were detected by using Western blotting. Morris water maze test showed that Corilagin ameliorated the neurocognitive deficits in RIBI mice. Evans blue leakage and electron microscopy exhibited that Corilagin partially protected the BBB integrity from cranial irradiation-caused damage; immunofluorescence staining showed that Corilagin could inhibit microglial activation and TNF-α expression. Real-time PCR and Western blotting revealed that Corilagin downregulated the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β and inhibited the irradiation-induced activation of NF-κB pathways by upregulating p-STAT3 expression. In conclusion, Corilagin could attenuate RIBI through inhibiting microglial activation and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines. Corilagin might inhibit the activation of NF-κB pathway in a STAT3-associated manner, thereby downregulating the inflammatory cytokine expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xican Gao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cai
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Wei
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Dong
- Experimental Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaorong Dong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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Desmarais G, Charest G, Fortin D, Bujold R, Mathieu D, Paquette B. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor prevents radiation-enhanced infiltration of F98 glioma cells in brain of Fischer rat. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:624-33. [PMID: 25912457 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1043756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation induces a neuro-inflammation that is characterized by the expression of genes known to increase the invasion of cancer cells. In Fischer rats, brain irradiation increases the infiltration of cancer cells and reduced the median survival of the animals. In this study, we have determined whether these adverse effects of radiation can be prevented with the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor meloxicam. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brain of Fischer rats treated or not with meloxicam were irradiated (15 Gy) and then implanted with the F98 glioma cells. The median survival of the animals, the infiltration of F98 cells, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and pro-migration molecules were measured. RESULTS Meloxicam reduced by 75% the production of prostaglandin E2 (bioproduct of COX-2) in irradiated brains validating its anti-inflammatory effect. Median survival was increased to control levels by the treatment of meloxicam following brain irradiation. This protective effect was associated with a reduction of the infiltration of F98 cells in the brain, a complete inhibition of radiation-enhancement of matrix metalloproteinase-2, and a significant reduction of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and tumor growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) expression. Using invasion chambers, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulated by 5-fold the invasiveness of F98 cells, but this stimulation was completely inhibited by meloxicam. This suggests that a cooperation between IL-1β and COX-2 are involved in radiation-enhancement of F98 cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the importance of reducing the inflammatory response of normal brain tissue following irradiation in an effort to extend median survival in F98 tumor-bearing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desmarais
- a Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , Québec , Canada
| | - Gabriel Charest
- a Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , Québec , Canada
| | - David Fortin
- b Department of Surgery , Division of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology , Québec , Canada
| | - Rachel Bujold
- a Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , Québec , Canada.,c Division of Radiation Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Québec , Canada
| | - David Mathieu
- b Department of Surgery , Division of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology , Québec , Canada
| | - Benoit Paquette
- a Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke , Québec , Canada
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Son Y, Yang M, Wang H, Moon C. Hippocampal dysfunctions caused by cranial irradiation: a review of the experimental evidence. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 45:287-96. [PMID: 25596174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial irradiation (IR) is commonly used for the treatment of brain tumors but may cause disastrous brain injury, especially in the hippocampus, which has important cognition and emotional regulation functions. Several preclinical studies have investigated the mechanisms associated with cranial IR-induced hippocampal dysfunction such as memory defects and depression-like behavior. However, current research on hippocampal dysfunction and its associated mechanisms, with the ultimate goal of overcoming the side effects of cranial radiation therapy in the hippocampus, is still very much in progress. This article reviews several in vivo studies on the possible mechanisms of radiation-induced hippocampal dysfunction, which may be associated with hippocampal neurogenesis, neurotrophin and neuroinflammation. Thus, this review may be helpful to gain new mechanistic insights into hippocampal dysfunction following cranial IR and provide effective strategies for potential therapeutic approaches for cancer patients receiving radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonghoon Son
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Miyoung Yang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea.
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Slezak J, Kura B, Ravingerová T, Tribulova N, Okruhlicova L, Barancik M. Mechanisms of cardiac radiation injury and potential preventive approaches. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:737-53. [PMID: 26030720 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In addition to cytostatic treatment and surgery, the most common cancer treatment is gamma radiation. Despite sophisticated radiological techniques however, in addition to irradiation of the tumor, irradiation of the surrounding healthy tissue also takes place, which results in various side-effects, depending on the absorbed dose of radiation. Radiation either damages the cell DNA directly, or indirectly via the formation of oxygen radicals that in addition to the DNA damage, react with all cell organelles and interfere with their molecular mechanisms. The main features of radiation injury besides DNA damage is inflammation and increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes and cytokines. Endothelial damage and dysfunction of capillaries and small blood vessels plays a particularly important role in radiation injury. This review is focused on summarizing the currently available data concerning the mechanisms of radiation injury, as well as the effectiveness of various antioxidants, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and cytoprotective substances that may be utilized in preventing, mitigating, or treating the toxic effects of ionizing radiation on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Slezak
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Branislav Kura
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Táňa Ravingerová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Narcisa Tribulova
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ludmila Okruhlicova
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Barancik
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 33 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Dong X, Luo M, Huang G, Zhang J, Tong F, Cheng Y, Cai Q, Dong J, Wu G, Cheng J. Relationship between irradiation-induced neuro-inflammatory environments and impaired cognitive function in the developing brain of mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:224-39. [PMID: 25426696 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.988895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is the most common side-effect after cranial radiation therapy (CRT). In the present study, the RIBI mice model was established and the changes in the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) mRNA, and the related signal pathways in the hippocampus of this model were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS 10 Gy CRT or sham-irradiation was given to the three-week old mice. The water maze test was used to test the RIBI model in mice. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in vivo. The changes of microglial activation and neurogensis in the hippocampus were analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. The cytoplasm to nuclei translocation of Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and the protein expressions of IkappaB-alpha (IκB-α), NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), p53-induced protein with a death domain (PIDD), TNF-α and IL-1β were examined by Western blotting. A RIBI model was established by Morris water maze test 6 weeks after 10 Gy CRT in three-week old C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β reached the peak during the early phase after CRT. Increases in cytokine levels also were observed after irradiation of mouse BV-2 microglial cells. Neurogensis was significantly inhibited in the hippocampus with an increase of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells. The total number of microglia was decreased after CRT, but microglial activation was significantly increased. Western blotting revealed, in the RIBI mice, the expression of IκB-α was down-regulated, accompanied by the up-regulated expression of NEMO and regulated auto-proteolysis of PIDD. Also the NF-κB pathway activation was observed in BV-2 cells after irradiation. CONCLUSIONS CRT-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines release in the brain tissues and inhibition of neurogenesis in the hippocampus might be contributed by the microglial activation and play an important role in RIBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Dong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , P. R. China
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Nam SM, Kim JW, Yoo DY, Choi JH, Kim W, Jung HY, Won MH, Hwang IK, Seong JK, Yoon YS. Comparison of pharmacological and genetic inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2: effects on adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. J Vet Sci 2014; 16:245-51. [PMID: 25549214 PMCID: PMC4588009 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.3.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has received much attention because of its role in neuro-inflammation and synaptic plasticity. Even though COX-2 levels are high in healthy animals, the function of this factor in adult neurogenesis has not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, we performed the present study to compare the effects of pharmacological and genetic inhibition of COX-2 on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Physiological saline or the same volume containing celecoxib was administered perorally every day for 5 weeks using a feeding needle. Compared to the control, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of COX-2 reduced the appearance of nestin-immunoreactive neural stem cells, Ki67-positive nuclei, and doublecortin-immunoreactive neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus. In addition, a decrease in phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) at Ser133 was observed. Compared to pharmacological inhibition, genetic inhibition of COX-2 resulted in significant reduction of neural stem cells, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation as well as pCREB levels. These results suggest that COX-2 is part of the molecular machinery that regulates neural stem cells, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis via pCREB. Additionally, genetic inhibition of COX-2 strongly reduced neural stem cell populations, cell proliferation, and neuroblast differentiation in the dentate gyrus compared to pharmacological inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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X-ray-induced changes in the expression of inflammation-related genes in human peripheral blood. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19516-34. [PMID: 25350114 PMCID: PMC4264126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array, we explored and compared the expression changes of inflammation-related genes in human peripheral blood irradiated with 0.5, 3, and 10 Gy doses of X-rays 24 h after exposure. Results indicated that the expression of 62 out of 84 genes was significantly altered after X-ray radiation. Among these 62 genes, 35 (such as TNFSF4) are known to be associated with radiation response, but others are novel. At a low radiation dose (0.5 Gy), 9 genes were up-regulated and 19 were down-regulated. With further increased dose to 3 Gy, 8 unique genes were up-regulated and 19 genes were down-regulated. We also identified 48 different genes that were differentially expressed significantly after 10 Gy of irradiation, and among these transcripts, up-regulated genes accounted for only one-third (16 genes) of the total. Of the 62 genes, 31 were significantly altered only at a specific dose, and a total of 10 genes were significantly expressed at all 3 doses. The dose- and time-dependent expression of CCL2 was confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR. A number of candidate genes reported herein may be useful molecular biomarkers of radiation exposure in human peripheral blood.
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