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Chen Z, Zhang D, Huang H, Chen J, Li Z, Hu Y, Liu R. NIR Absorbing Organic Chromophores Combination with NSAIDs for Remodeling of the Inflammatory Microenvironment to Amplify Tumor Ferroptosis-Photothermal Synergistic Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400361. [PMID: 38708879 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment, which can cause ferroptosis to enhance immunotherapeutic efficacy. However, excessively generated immunogenicity will induce serious inflammatory response syndrome, resulting in a discounted therapeutic effect. Herein, a kind of NIR absorption small organic chromophore nanoparticles (TTHM NPs) with high photothermal conversion efficiency (68.33%) is developed, which can induce mitochondria dysfunction, generate mitochondrial superoxide, and following ferroptosis. TTHM NPs-based photothermal therapy is combined with Sulfasalazine (SUZ), a kind of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, to weaken inflammation and promote ferroptosis through suppressing glutamate/cystine (Glu/Cys) antiporter system Xc- (xCT). Additionally, the combination of SUZ with PTT can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), followed by promoting the maturation of DCs and the attraction of CD8+ T cell, which will secrete IFN-γ and trigger self-amplified ferroptosis via inhibiting xCT and simulating Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). Moreover, the in vivo results demonstrate that this combination therapy can suppress the expression of inflammatory factors, enhance dendritic cell activation, facilitate T-cell infiltration, and realize effective thermal elimination of primary tumors and distant tumors. In general, this work provides an excellent example of combined medication and stimulates new thinking about onco-therapy and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
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Chen YH, Liu IJ, Lin TC, Tsai MC, Hu SH, Hsu TC, Wu YT, Tzang BS, Chiang WH. PEGylated chitosan-coated nanophotosensitizers for effective cancer treatment by photothermal-photodynamic therapy combined with glutathione depletion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131359. [PMID: 38580018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, the poor photostability and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic small-molecule photosensitizers, and the intracellular glutathione (GSH)-mediated singlet oxygen scavenging largely decline the antitumor efficacy of PTT and PDT. Herein, a versatile nanophotosensitizer (NPS) system is developed by ingenious incorporation of indocyanine green (ICG) into the PEGylated chitosan (PEG-CS)-coated polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles via multiple π-π stacking, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. The PEG-CS-covered NPS showed prominent colloidal and photothermal stability as well as high PCE (ca 62.8 %). Meanwhile, the Michael addition between NPS and GSH can consume GSH, thus reducing the GSH-induced singlet oxygen scavenging. After being internalized by CT26 cells, the NPS under near-infrared laser irradiation produced massive singlet oxygen with the aid of thermo-enhanced intracellular GSH depletion to elicit mitochondrial damage and lipid peroxide formation, thus leading to ferroptosis and apoptosis. Importantly, the combined PTT and PDT delivered by NPS effectively inhibited CT26 tumor growth in vivo by light-activated intense hyperthermia and redox homeostasis disturbance. Overall, this work presents a new tactic of boosting antitumor potency of ICG-mediated phototherapy by PEG-CS-covered NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsiu Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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3
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Zorova LD, Abramicheva PA, Andrianova NV, Babenko VA, Zorov SD, Pevzner IB, Popkov VA, Semenovich DS, Yakupova EI, Silachev DN, Plotnikov EY, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. Targeting Mitochondria for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:444. [PMID: 38675106 PMCID: PMC11054825 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing accumulation of data on the exceptional importance of mitochondria in the occurrence and treatment of cancer, and in all lines of evidence for such participation, there are both energetic and non-bioenergetic functional features of mitochondria. This analytical review examines three specific features of adaptive mitochondrial changes in several malignant tumors. The first feature is characteristic of solid tumors, whose cells are forced to rebuild their energetics due to the absence of oxygen, namely, to activate the fumarate reductase pathway instead of the traditional succinate oxidase pathway that exists in aerobic conditions. For such a restructuring, the presence of a low-potential quinone is necessary, which cannot ensure the conventional conversion of succinate into fumarate but rather enables the reverse reaction, that is, the conversion of fumarate into succinate. In this scenario, complex I becomes the only generator of energy in mitochondria. The second feature is the increased proliferation in aggressive tumors of the so-called mitochondrial (peripheral) benzodiazepine receptor, also called translocator protein (TSPO) residing in the outer mitochondrial membrane, the function of which in oncogenic transformation stays mysterious. The third feature of tumor cells is the enhanced retention of certain molecules, in particular mitochondrially directed cations similar to rhodamine 123, which allows for the selective accumulation of anticancer drugs in mitochondria. These three features of mitochondria can be targets for the development of an anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubava D. Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina A. Abramicheva
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Nadezda V. Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Valentina A. Babenko
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Savva D. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Semenovich
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Elmira I. Yakupova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.D.Z.); (P.A.A.); (V.A.B.); (S.D.Z.); (I.B.P.); (V.A.P.); (D.S.S.); (E.I.Y.); (D.N.S.); (E.Y.P.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Gomes ICP, Divino LDA, Rodrigues FM, Fleury CMF, Ducas ESA, Desordi JC, Iglesias BA, Santana RC, Monteiro CMO, Lopes WDZ, Gonçalves PJ, Souza GRL. Daylight photodynamic inactivation of cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus by porphyrins: An alternative for the ectoparasite control. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 251:112847. [PMID: 38241947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The bovine tick Rhipicephalus microplus, a primary ectoparasite of veterinary concern, contributes significantly to disease transmission and reduced cattle productivity, resulting in substantial economic losses. The overuse of chemical acaricides has led to the emergence of resistant strains, posing a considerable challenge to veterinary medicine. Consequently, the development of alternative parasite control methods is essential to ensure livestock quality and enhance food safety worldwide. Our study introduces an innovative approach to photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of the bovine tick, harnessing natural daylight for a potential field application. Reproductive parameters (female and egg mass, egg production index, and larval hatch) were evaluated in engorged female ticks under photodynamic action using the hematoporphyrin (HP) and tetra-cationic porphyrins free-base meso-tetra-ruthenated (4-pyridyl) (RuTPyP) and its zinc(II) complex (ZnRuTPyP) as photosensitizers (PS). The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups treated with tetra‑ruthenium porphyrins and the control group. However, HP exhibits a control percentage of 97.9% at a concentration of 2.5 μmol.L-1, aligning with the expected control rates achieved by conventional chemical acaricides. Photophysical and physicochemical parameters such as the number of singlet oxygen produced and lipophilicity were discussed for each PS and related to tick control percentages. Furthermore, the interaction between HP and chitin, an important macromolecule presents in the tick's cuticle, considered as the primary target tick structure during PDI was observed by the absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopic techniques. Therefore, the results presented here extend the potential for controlling R. microplus through photodynamic inactivation while utilizing sunlight as a source of natural irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Dias Amor Divino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Márcio Oliveira Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Pablo José Gonçalves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil; Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil; Centro de Excelência em Hidrogênio e Tecnologias Energéticas Sustentáveis (CEHTES), Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Rocha Lino Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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5
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Upadhyay A, Nepalia A, Bera A, Saini DK, Chakravarty AR. A Platinum(II) Boron-dipyrromethene Complex for Cellular Imaging and Mitochondria-targeted Photodynamic Therapy in Red Light. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300667. [PMID: 37706570 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin-derived platinum(II) complexes [Pt(NH3 )2 (pacac)](NO3 ) (1, DPP-Pt) and [Pt(NH3 )2 (Acac-RB)](NO3 ) (2, Acacplatin-RB), where Hpacac is 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione and HAcac-RB is a red-light active distyryl-BODIPY-appended acetylacetone ligand, are prepared, characterized and their photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity studied (RB abbreviated for red-light BODIPY). Complex 2 displayed an intense absorption band at λ=652 nm (ϵ=7.3×104 M-1 cm-1 ) and 601 nm (ϵ=3.1×104 M-1 cm-1 ) in 1 : 1 DMSO-DPBS (Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline). Its emission profile includes a broad maximum at ~673 nm (λex =630 nm). The fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF ) of HAcac-RB and 2 are 0.19 and 0.07, respectively. Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran assay of complex 2 indicated photogeneration of singlet oxygen (ΦΔ : 0.36) as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Light irradiation caused only minor extent of ligand release forming chemo-active cisplatin analogue. The complex showed ~70-100 fold enhancement in cytotoxicity on light exposure in A549 lung cancer cells and MDA-MB-231 multidrug resistant breast cancer cells, giving half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 0.9-1.8 μM. Confocal imaging showed its mitochondrial localization and complex 2 exhibited anti-metastasis properties. Immunostaining of β-tubulin and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining displayed complex 2 induced photo-selective microtubule rupture and cellular apoptosis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Amrita Nepalia
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Arpan Bera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhil R Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India
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6
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Saeed HK, Jarman PJ, Sreedharan S, Mowll R, Auty AJ, Chauvet AAP, Smythe CGW, de la Serna JB, Thomas JA. From Chemotherapy to Phototherapy - Changing the Therapeutic Action of a Metallo-Intercalating Ru II -Re I Luminescent System by Switching its Sub-Cellular Location. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300617. [PMID: 37013945 PMCID: PMC10946911 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new heterodinuclear ReI RuII metallointercalator containing RuII (dppz) and ReI (dppn) moieties is reported. Cell-free studies reveal that the complex has similar photophysical properties to its homoleptic M(dppz) analogue and it also binds to DNA with a similar affinity. However, the newly reported complex has very different in-cell properties to its parent. In complete contrast to the homoleptic system, the RuII (dppz)/ReI (dppn) complex is not intrinsically cytotoxic but displays appreciable phototoxic, despite both complexes displaying very similar quantum yields for singlet oxygen sensitization. Optical microscopy suggests that the reason for these contrasting biological effects is that whereas the homoleptic complex localises in the nuclei of cells, the RuII (dppz)/ReI (dppn) complex preferentially accumulates in mitochondria. These observations illustrate how even small structural changes in metal based therapeutic leads can modulate their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa K. Saeed
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Paul J. Jarman
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Sreejesh Sreedharan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
- School of Human ScienceUniversity of DerbyDerbyDE22 1GBUK
| | - Rachel Mowll
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | | | | | - Carl G. W. Smythe
- Department of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- Faculty of MedicineNational Heart and Lung InstituteImperial CollegeLondonSW7 2AZUK
- Central Laser FacilityRutherford Appleton LaboratoryMRC-Research Complex at Harwell Science and Technology Facilities CouncilHarwellOX11 0FAUK
| | - Jim A. Thomas
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
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7
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Mušković M, Pokrajac R, Malatesti N. Combination of Two Photosensitisers in Anticancer, Antimicrobial and Upconversion Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040613. [PMID: 37111370 PMCID: PMC10143496 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a special form of phototherapy in which oxygen is needed, in addition to light and a drug called a photosensitiser (PS), to create cytotoxic species that can destroy cancer cells and various pathogens. PDT is often used in combination with other antitumor and antimicrobial therapies to sensitise cells to other agents, minimise the risk of resistance and improve overall outcomes. Furthermore, the aim of combining two photosensitising agents in PDT is to overcome the shortcomings of the monotherapeutic approach and the limitations of individual agents, as well as to achieve synergistic or additive effects, which allows the administration of PSs in lower concentrations, consequently reducing dark toxicity and preventing skin photosensitivity. The most common strategies in anticancer PDT use two PSs to combine the targeting of different organelles and cell-death mechanisms and, in addition to cancer cells, simultaneously target tumour vasculature and induce immune responses. The use of PDT with upconversion nanoparticles is a promising approach to the treatment of deep tissues and the goal of using two PSs is to improve drug loading and singlet oxygen production. In antimicrobial PDT, two PSs are often combined to generate various reactive oxygen species through both Type I and Type II processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mušković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Rafaela Pokrajac
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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8
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Toluidine blue O directly and photodynamically impairs the bioenergetics of liver mitochondria: a potential mechanism of hepatotoxicity. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:279-302. [PMID: 36152272 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Toluidine blue O (TBO) is a phenothiazine dye that, due to its photochemical characteristics and high affinity for biomembranes, has been revealed as a new photosensitizer (PS) option for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT). This points to a possible association with membranous organelles like mitochondrion. Therefore, here we investigated its effects on mitochondrial bioenergetic functions both in the dark and under photostimulation. Two experimental systems were utilized: (a) isolated rat liver mitochondria and (b) isolated perfused rat liver. Our data revealed that, independently of photostimulation, TBO presented affinity for mitochondria. Under photostimulation, TBO increased the protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation levels (up to 109.40 and 119.87%, respectively) and decreased the reduced glutathione levels (59.72%) in mitochondria. TBO also uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation and photoinactivated the respiratory chain complexes I, II, and IV, as well as the FoF1-ATP synthase complex. Without photostimulation, TBO caused uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and loss of inner mitochondrial membrane integrity and inhibited very strongly succinate oxidase activity. TBO's uncoupling effect was clearly seen in intact livers where it stimulated oxygen consumption at concentrations of 20 and 40 μM. Additionally, TBO (40 μM) reduced cellular ATP levels (52.46%) and ATP/ADP (45.98%) and ATP/AMP (74.17%) ratios. Consequently, TBO inhibited gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis whereas it stimulated glycogenolysis and glycolysis. In conclusion, we have revealed for the first time that the efficiency of TBO as a PS may be linked to its ability to photodynamically inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast, TBO is harmful to mitochondrial energy metabolism even without photostimulation, which may lead to adverse effects when used in PDT.
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9
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Yang DM, Cvetkovic D, Chen L, Ma CMC. Therapeutic effects of in-vivo radiodynamic therapy (RDT) for lung cancer treatment: a combination of 15MV photons and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8:10.1088/2057-1976/ac9b5c. [PMID: 36263662 PMCID: PMC9916272 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac9b5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Radiodynamic therapy (RDT) uses high-energy photon beams instead of visible/near-infrared light to treat deep-seated tumors that photodynamic therapy cannot achieve due to the low penetration depth of laser beams. The purpose of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of RDT with 15 MV photon beams combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) using a mouse model.Approach.A subcutaneous C57BL/6 mouse model of KP1 small-cell lung cancer cell line was used. The tumors (N = 120) were randomized into four groups to observe individual and synergistic effects of 5-ALA and radiation treatment: control (untreated, N = 42), radiation treatment (RT) only (N = 20), 5-ALA only (N = 20), and RDT (N = 38). For the RT only and RDT groups, 4 Gy in a single fraction was delivered to the tumors using 15 MV photons. For the 5-ALA only and RDT groups, 5-ALA was injected at a dose of 100 mg kg-1by tail-vein 4 h prior to RT. The tumor response was assessed by monitoring tumor growth using 1.5 T MR, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) using [18F]FDG PET/CT, and animal survival.Main results.RDT achieved a statistically significant delay in tumor growth by 52.1%, 48.1%, and 57.9% 7 days post-treatment compared to 5-ALA only, RT only, and control group (P < 0.001), respectively. There were no significant differences in tumor growth between 5-ALA only and RT only groups. An additional 38.5%-40.9% decrease in tumor growth was observed, showing a synergistic effect with RDT. Furthermore, RDT significantly decreased [18F]FDG uptakes in SUVmaxand TLG 7 days post-treatment by 47.4% and 66.5% (P < 0.001), respectively. RDT mice survived the longest of all treatment groups.Significance.RDT with 15 MV photons and 5-ALA resulted in greater tumor control compared to the control and other treatment groups. A significant synergistic effect was also observed with RDT. These preliminary results demonstrate an effective cancer treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Myoung Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA,
| | - Dusica Cvetkovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - C-M Charlie Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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10
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Önal E, Tüncel Ö, Erdoğan Vatansever İ, Albakour M, Gümüşgöz
Çelik G, Küçük T, Akgül B, Gürek AG, Özçelik S. Development of AB 3-Type Novel Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin Photosensitizers Conjugated with Triphenylphosphonium for Higher Photodynamic Efficacy. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39404-39416. [PMID: 36340065 PMCID: PMC9631755 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of lipophilic cations that can be chosen; the triphenylphosphonium (TPP) ion is particularly unique for mitochondrion targeting, mainly due to its simplicity in structure and ease to be linked to the target molecules. In this work, mitochondrion-targeted AB3-type novel phthalocyanine and porphyrin photosensitizers (PSs) were synthesized and their photophysical photochemical properties were defined. Fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF) are 0.009, 0.14, 0.13, and 0.13, and the singlet-oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) are 0.27, 0.75, 0.57, and 0.58 for LuPcPox(OAc), AB 3 TPP-Pc, AB 3 TPP-Por-C4, and AB 3 TPP-Por-C6, respectively. To evaluate the photodynamic efficacy of the TPP-conjugated PS cell viabilities of A549 and BEAS-2B lung cells were comparatively measured and IC-50 values were determined. AB 3 TPP-Por-C4, AB 3 TPP-Por-C6, and AB 3 TPP-Pc compounds compared to the reference molecules ZnPc and H 2 TPP were found to be highly cytotoxic (sub-micromolar concentration) under the light. LuPcPox(OAc) is the most effective molecule regarding cell killing (the activity). The cell killing of the TPP-conjugated porphyrin derivatives exhibits a similar response compared to LuPcPox(OAc) when the light absorbing factor of the PS is normalized at 660 nm: TPP-conjugated porphyrins absorb less light (lower extinction coefficient) but produce more radical species (higher singlet-oxygen quantum yield) and therefore effectively kill the cells. The singlet oxygen-producing capacity of AB 3 TPP-Pc is almost 3 times higher compared to LuPcPox(OAc) and 50% more efficient with respect to ZnPc, suggesting that TPP-conjugated phthalocyanine may serve as a good photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The high singlet oxygen generation capacity of these novel TPP-conjugated porphyrin and phthalocyanine PS suggests that they might be useful for PDT requiring lower photosensitizer concentration and reduced energy deposited through less light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Önal
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty
of Engineering, Doğuş University, Ümraniye, Istanbul 34775, Turkey
| | - Özge Tüncel
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, Izmir
Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - İpek Erdoğan Vatansever
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Mohamad Albakour
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gümüşgöz
Çelik
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Küçük
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bünyamin Akgül
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gül Gürek
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Serdar Özçelik
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, Izmir
Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
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11
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Hu P, Weng XL, Zhu CH, Yang DC, Liu JY, Chen Z, Huang M. Mitochondria‐Targeting Boron Dipyrromethene Based Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy:Synthesis, Optical Properties, and in vitro Biological Activities. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200158. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Fuzhou University - Qishan Campus College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xiao-Lu Weng
- Fuzhou University - Qishan Campus College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chun-Hui Zhu
- Fuzhou University - Qishan Campus College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - De-Chao Yang
- Fuzhou University - Qishan Campus College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jian-Yong Liu
- Fuzhou University - Qishan Campus College of Chemistry 2 Xue Yuan Road, University Town 350108 Fuzhou CHINA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- FIRSM: Chinese Academy of Sciences Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry CHINA
| | - Mingdong Huang
- Fuzhou University - Qishan Campus College of Chemistry CHINA
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12
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Ozlem-Caliskan S, Ertabaklar H, Bilgin MD, Ertug S. Evaluation of photodynamic therapy against Leishmania tropica promastigotes using different photosensitizers. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2022; 38:354-364. [PMID: 34897808 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy is a two-step procedure, involving the use of photosensitizing agents followed by selective illumination of the target lesion with visible light. Photodynamic therapy has been described recently as a promising strategy for treatment of leishmaniasis. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro phototoxic, morphological, and apoptotic effect of methylene blue, toluidine blue, chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine, and pheophorbide a-mediated photodynamic therapy on the viability of Leishmania tropica promastigotes. METHODS Parasites were treated with methylene blue, toluidine blue, chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine, and pheophorbide a or/and methylene blue, toluidine blue, chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine, and pheophorbide a-mediated photodynamic therapy, and cell proliferation, morphological changes, and apoptosis were evaluated by XTT, giemsa staining, DAPI staining, and DNA fragmentation, respectively. RESULTS Parasite viability was significantly different in between the groups treated with methylene blue, toluidine blue, and pheophorbide a, with or without irradiation. chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine treatment did not lead to any alterations in cell viability in Leishmania tropica promastigotes with or without irradiation. DAPI staining results indicated that apoptotic bodies and nucleus fragmentation started to be visible in methylene blue, chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine, and pheophorbide a-mediated photodynamic therapy groups. DNA ladder pattern which is used to define apoptosis was observed in irradiated methylene blue, chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine, and pheophorbide a groups. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that apoptosis-induced cell death was observed in Leishmania tropica promastigotes after the application of photosensitizers in combination with light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercin Ozlem-Caliskan
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Hatice Ertabaklar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dincer Bilgin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Sema Ertug
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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13
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Zhou R, Zeng X, Zhao H, Chen Q, Wu P. Combating the hypoxia limit of photodynamic therapy through reversing the survival-related pathways of cancer cells. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. A Sn( iv) porphyrin with mitochondria targeting properties for enhanced photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00350c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A Sn(iv) porphyrin with a mitochondria targeting triphenylphosphonium moiety has a high ΦΔ value (ca. 0.72) and does not aggregate in aqueous solution. The dye exhibits favorable photodynamic activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 2.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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15
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Robbins E, Leroy-Lhez S, Villandier N, Samoć M, Matczyszyn K. Prospects for More Efficient Multi-Photon Absorption Photosensitizers Exhibiting Both Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Luminescence. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206323. [PMID: 34684904 PMCID: PMC8541311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of two-photon absorption (TPA) for such applications as microscopy, imaging, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers several advantages over the usual one-photon excitation. This creates a need for photosensitizers that exhibit both strong two-photon absorption and the highly efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as, ideally, bright luminescence. This review focuses on different strategies utilized to improve the TPA properties of various multi-photon absorbing species that have the required photophysical properties. Along with well-known families of photosensitizers, including porphyrins, we also describe other promising organic and organometallic structures and more complex systems involving organic and inorganic nanoparticles. We concentrate on the published studies that provide two-photon absorption cross-section values and the singlet oxygen (or other ROS) and luminescence quantum yields, which are crucial for potential use within PDT and diagnostics. We hope that this review will aid in the design and modification of novel TPA photosensitizers, which can help in exploiting the features of nonlinear absorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Robbins
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (E.R.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.)
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (E.R.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.)
| | - Nicolas Villandier
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges, France; (E.R.); (S.L.-L.); (N.V.)
| | - Marek Samoć
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Takahashi J, Nagasawa S, Doi M, Takahashi M, Narita Y, Yamamoto J, Ikemoto MJ, Iwahashi H. In Vivo Study of the Efficacy and Safety of 5-Aminolevulinic Radiodynamic Therapy for Glioblastoma Fractionated Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189762. [PMID: 34575921 PMCID: PMC8470662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To treat malignant glioma, standard fractionated radiotherapy (RT; 60 Gy/30 fractions over 6 weeks) was performed post-surgery in combination with temozolomide to improve overall survival. Malignant glioblastoma recurrence rate is extremely high, and most recurrent tumors originate from the excision cavity in the high-dose irradiation region. In our previous study, protoporphyrin IX physicochemically enhanced reactive oxygen species generation by ionizing radiation and combined treatment with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and ionizing radiation, while radiodynamic therapy (RDT) improved tumor growth suppression in vivo in a melanoma mouse model. We examined the effect of 5-ALA RDT on the standard fractionated RT protocol using U251MG- or U87MG-bearing mice. 5-ALA was orally administered at 60 or 120 mg/kg, 4 h prior to irradiation. In both models, combined treatment with 5-ALA slowed tumor progression and promoted regression compared to treatment with ionizing radiation alone. The standard fractionated RT protocol of 60 Gy in 30 fractions with oral administration of 120 and 240 mg/kg 5-ALA, the human equivalent dose of photodynamic diagnosis, revealed no significant increase in toxicity to normal skin or brain tissue compared to ionizing radiation alone. Thus, RDT is expected to enhance RT treatment of glioblastoma without severe toxicity under clinically feasible conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Takahashi
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-936-92-5154
| | - Shinsuke Nagasawa
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan;
| | - Motomichi Doi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan;
| | - Masamichi Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Junkoh Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan;
| | - Mitsushi J. Ikemoto
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Iwahashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
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17
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Foglietta F, Pinnelli V, Giuntini F, Barbero N, Panzanelli P, Durando G, Terreno E, Serpe L, Canaparo R. Sonodynamic Treatment Induces Selective Killing of Cancer Cells in an In Vitro Co-Culture Model. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153852. [PMID: 34359753 PMCID: PMC8345649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT) is a new anticancer strategy based on ultrasound (US) technique and is derived from photodynamic therapy (PDT); SDT is still, however, far from clinical application. In order to move this therapy forward from bench to bedside, investigations have been focused on treatment selectivity between cancer cells and normal cells. As a result, the effects of the porphyrin activation by SDT on cancer (HT-29) and normal (HDF 106-05) cells were studied in a co-culture evaluating cell cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial function and plasma membrane fluidity according to the bilayer sonophore (BLS) theory. While PDT induced similar effects on both HT-29 and HDF 106-05 cells in co-culture, SDT elicited significant cytotoxicity, ROS production and mitochondrial impairment on HT-29 cells only, whereas HDF 106-05 cells were unaffected. Notably, HT-29 and HDF 106-05 showed different cell membrane fluidity during US exposure. In conclusion, our data demonstrate a marked difference between cancer cells and normal cells in co-culture in term of responsiveness to SDT, suggesting that this different behavior can be ascribed to diversity in plasma membrane properties, such as membrane fluidity, according to the BLS theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Foglietta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (V.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Vanessa Pinnelli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (V.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Francesca Giuntini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Nadia Barbero
- Department of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Panzanelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Gianni Durando
- National Institute of Metrological Research (INRIM), 10135 Torino, Italy;
| | - Enzo Terreno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (V.P.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0116706235
| | - Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.F.); (V.P.); (R.C.)
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18
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Gunaydin G, Gedik ME, Ayan S. Photodynamic Therapy-Current Limitations and Novel Approaches. Front Chem 2021; 9:691697. [PMID: 34178948 PMCID: PMC8223074 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mostly relies on the generation of singlet oxygen, via the excitation of a photosensitizer, so that target tumor cells can be destroyed. PDT can be applied in the settings of several malignant diseases. In fact, the earliest preclinical applications date back to 1900’s. Dougherty reported the treatment of skin tumors by PDT in 1978. Several further studies around 1980 demonstrated the effectiveness of PDT. Thus, the technique has attracted the attention of numerous researchers since then. Hematoporphyrin derivative received the FDA approval as a clinical application of PDT in 1995. We have indeed witnessed a considerable progress in the field over the last century. Given the fact that PDT has a favorable adverse event profile and can enhance anti-tumor immune responses as well as demonstrating minimally invasive characteristics, it is disappointing that PDT is not broadly utilized in the clinical setting for the treatment of malignant and/or non-malignant diseases. Several issues still hinder the development of PDT, such as those related with light, tissue oxygenation and inherent properties of the photosensitizers. Various photosensitizers have been designed/synthesized in order to overcome the limitations. In this Review, we provide a general overview of the mechanisms of action in terms of PDT in cancer, including the effects on immune system and vasculature as well as mechanisms related with tumor cell destruction. We will also briefly mention the application of PDT for non-malignant diseases. The current limitations of PDT utilization in cancer will be reviewed, since identifying problems associated with design/synthesis of photosensitizers as well as application of light and tissue oxygenation might pave the way for more effective PDT approaches. Furthermore, novel promising approaches to improve outcome in PDT such as selectivity, bioengineering, subcellular/organelle targeting, etc. will also be discussed in detail, since the potential of pioneering and exceptional approaches that aim to overcome the limitations and reveal the full potential of PDT in terms of clinical translation are undoubtedly exciting. A better understanding of novel concepts in the field (e.g. enhanced, two-stage, fractional PDT) will most likely prove to be very useful for pursuing and improving effective PDT strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seylan Ayan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Liu S, Feng G, Tang BZ, Liu B. Recent advances of AIE light-up probes for photodynamic therapy. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6488-6506. [PMID: 34040725 PMCID: PMC8132949 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00045d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new non-invasive treatment method, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted great attention in biomedical applications. The advantages of possessing fluorescence for photosensitizers have made it possible to combine imaging and diagnosis together with PDT. The unique features of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorogens provide new opportunities for facile design of light-up probes with high signal-to-noise ratios and improved theranostic accuracy and efficacy for image-guided PDT. In this review, we summarize the recent advances of AIE light-up probes for PDT. The strategies and principles to design AIE photosensitizers and light-up probes are firstly introduced. The application of AIE light-up probes in photodynamic antitumor and antibacterial applications is further elaborated in detail, from binding/targeting-mediated, reaction-mediated, and external stimuli-mediated light-up aspects. The challenges and future perspectives of AIE light-up probes in the PDT field are also presented with the hope to encourage more promising developments of AIE materials for phototheranostic applications and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Guangxue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology (HKUST) Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 4 Singapore 117585 Singapore
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20
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Dias LM, Sharifi F, de Keijzer MJ, Mesquita B, Desclos E, Kochan JA, de Klerk DJ, Ernst D, de Haan LR, Franchi LP, van Wijk AC, Scutigliani EM, Cavaco JEB, Tedesco AC, Huang X, Pan W, Ding B, Krawczyk PM, Heger M. Attritional evaluation of lipophilic and hydrophilic metallated phthalocyanines for oncological photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 216:112146. [PMID: 33601256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Oncological photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on photosensitizers (PSs) to photo-oxidatively destroy tumor cells. Currently approved PSs yield satisfactory results in superficial and easy-to-access tumors but are less suited for solid cancers in internal organs such as the biliary system and the pancreas. For these malignancies, second-generation PSs such as metallated phthalocyanines are more appropriate. Presently it is not known which of the commonly employed metallated phtahlocyanines, namely aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPC) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC) as well as their tetrasulfonated derivatives AlPCS4 and ZnPCS4, is most cytotoxic to tumor cells. This study therefore employed an attritional approach to ascertain the best metallated phthalocyanine for oncological PDT in a head-to-head comparative analysis and standardized experimental design. METHODS ZnPC and AlPC were encapsulated in PEGylated liposomes. Analyses were performed in cultured A431 cells as a template for tumor cells with a dysfunctional P53 tumor suppressor gene and EGFR overexpression. First, dark toxicity was assessed as a function of PS concentration using the WST-1 and sulforhodamine B assay. Second, time-dependent uptake and intracellular distribution were determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, respectively, using the intrinsic fluorescence of the PSs. Third, the LC50 values were established for each PS at 671 nm and a radiant exposure of 15 J/cm2 following 1-h PS exposure. Finally, the mode of cell death as a function of post-PDT time and cell cycle arrest at 24 h after PDT were analyzed. RESULTS In the absence of illumination, AlPC and ZnPC were not toxic to cells up to a 1.5-μM PS concentration and exposure for up to 72 h. Dark toxicity was noted for AlPCS4 at 5 μM and ZnPCS4 at 2.5 μM. Uptake of all PSs was observed as early as 1 min after PS addition to cells and increased in amplitude during a 2-h incubation period. After 60 min, the entire non-nuclear space of the cell was photosensitized, with PS accumulation in multiple subcellular structures, especially in case of AlPC and AlPCS4. PDT of cells photosensitized with ZnPC, AlPC, and AlPCS4 yielded LC50 values of 0.13 μM, 0.04 μM, and 0.81 μM, respectively, 24 h post-PDT (based on sulforhodamine B assay). ZnPCS4 did not induce notable phototoxicity, which was echoed in the mode of cell death and cell cycle arrest data. At 4 h post-PDT, the mode of cell death comprised mainly apoptosis for ZnPC and AlPC, the extent of which was gradually exacerbated in AlPC-photosensitized cells during 8 h. ZnPC-treated cells seemed to recover at 8 h post-PDT compared to 4 h post-PDT, which had been observed before in another cell line. AlPCS4 induced considerable necrosis in addition to apoptosis, whereby most of the cell death had already manifested at 2 h after PDT. During the course of 8 h, necrotic cell death transitioned into mainly late apoptotic cell death. Cell death signaling coincided with a reduction in cells in the G0/G1 phase (ZnPC, AlPC, AlPCS4) and cell cycle arrest in the S-phase (ZnPC, AlPC, AlPCS4) and G2 phase (ZnPC and AlPC). Cell cycle arrest was most profound in cells that had been photosensitized with AlPC and subjected to PDT. CONCLUSIONS Liposomal AlPC is the most potent PS for oncological PDT, whereas ZnPCS4 was photodynamically inert in A431 cells. AlPC did not induce dark toxicity at PS concentrations of up to 1.5 μM, i.e., > 37 times the LC50 value, which is favorable in terms of clinical phototoxicity issues. AlPC photosensitized multiple intracellular loci, which was associated with extensive, irreversible cell death signaling that is expected to benefit treatment efficacy and possibly immunological long-term tumor control, granted that sufficient AlPC will reach the tumor in vivo. Given the differential pharmacokinetics, intracellular distribution, and cell death dynamics, liposomal AlPC may be combined with AlPCS4 in a PS cocktail to further improve PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Mendes Dias
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Farangis Sharifi
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Keijzer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Mesquita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Desclos
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub A Kochan
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel J de Klerk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Daniël Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albert C van Wijk
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enzo M Scutigliani
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José E B Cavaco
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Antonio C Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering - Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Przemek M Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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21
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Xie Q, Su M, Liu Y, Zhang D, Li Z, Bai M. Translocator protein (TSPO)-Targeted agents for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102209. [PMID: 33561573 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved therapeutic strategy that combines a specific wavelength of light and light-activated photosensitizers (PSs). The usage of PDT for cancer treatment is often hampered by the lack of tumor selectivity of PSs, which may cause photodamage to surrounding normal tissues. Recently, translocator protein (TSPO) has attracted great interest as a tumor biomarker, whose expression correlates with tumor aggressiveness. In this study, we report the development of a series of novel TSPO-PSs based on quinazoline, pyrazolopyrimidine, and tetrahydrocarbazole structures. These TSPO-PSs bind to TSPO with nanomolar affinities and demonstrated efficient and target-specific PDT effect upon light irradiation. Therefore, they may have great potential in the treatment of tumors associated with high-TSPO expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xie
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Meng Su
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 East Changgang Road, Guangzhou, 510260, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4 Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, PR China
| | - Mingfeng Bai
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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22
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Kawasaki R, Yamana K, Shimada R, Sugikawa K, Ikeda A. Water Solubilization and Thermal Stimuli-Triggered Release of Porphyrin Derivatives Using Thermoresponsive Polysaccharide Hydroxypropyl Cellulose for Mitochondria-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3209-3217. [PMID: 33553937 PMCID: PMC7860233 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With minimal invasiveness and spatiotemporal therapeutic effects, photodynamic therapy is one of the most elegant strategies for achieving effective tumor therapy. Herein, a facile preparation and thermal process-triggered release of water-soluble photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (THPP) has been developed using a thermoresponsive polysaccharide, hydroxypropyl cellulose. Current systems using hydroxypropyl cellulose enable manipulation of the loading capacity of THPP into a polymer matrix and the size of the complex by varying the temperature of the solution in preparation. Furthermore, current systems have enabled the release of THPP using a heating process, mimicking the surrounding of mitochondria, and have resulted in THPP potency as a mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Risako Shimada
- Program of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kouta Sugikawa
- Program of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Program of Applied Chemistry,
Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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23
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Li X, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Xing D. Mitochondria-Specific Agents for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy: A Key Determinant to Boost the Efficacy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001240. [PMID: 33236531 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy (Mt-PDT), which enables the photogenerated cytotoxic oxygen species with fatal oxidative damage to block mitochondrial functions, has been considered as a promising method to enhance the anticancer effectiveness. Aiming at the challenges of PDT, in the past few decades, numerous mitochondria-targeting molecular agents have been developed to boost the PDT efficacy via directly destroying the mitochondria or activating mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways. Herein, a review for recent advances of Mt-PDT is highlighted including: mitochondrial targeting design principles and strategies, therapeutic performance of mitochondria-targeted agents-mediated PDT as well as the agent-free Mt-PDT. In addition, it puts together the achievements of the combinatory mitochondria-anchoring PDT and other anticancer strategies, demonstrating the advantages provided by Mt-PDT. The existing challenges are discussed and future settlements for the development of mitochondria-specific agents are also forecasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipeng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
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24
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Cárdenas G, Nogueira JJ. Stacking Effects on Anthraquinone/DNA Charge-Transfer Electronically Excited States. Molecules 2020; 25:E5927. [PMID: 33333751 PMCID: PMC7765225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of more efficient photosensitizers is a matter of great importance in the field of cancer treatment by means of photodynamic therapy. One of the main processes involved in the activation of apoptosis in cancer cells is the oxidative stress on DNA once a photosensitizer is excited by light. As a consequence, it is very relevant to investigate in detail the binding modes of the chromophore with DNA, and the nature of the electronically excited states that participate in the induction of DNA damage, for example, charge-transfer states. In this work, we investigate the electronic structure of the anthraquinone photosensitizer intercalated into a double-stranded poly(dG-dC) decamer model of DNA. First, the different geometric configurations are analyzed by means of classical molecular dynamics simulations. Then, the excited states for the most relevant poses of anthraquinone inside the binding pocket are computed by an electrostatic-embedding quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics approach, where anthraquinone and one of the nearby guanine residues are described quantum mechanically to take into account intermolecular charge-transfer states. The excited states are characterized as monomer, exciton, excimer, and charge-transfer states based on the analysis of the transition density matrix, and each of these contributions to the total density of states and absorption spectrum is discussed in terms of the stacking interactions. These results are relevant as they represent the footing for future studies on the reactivity of anthraquinone derivatives with DNA and give insights on possible geometrical configurations that potentially favor the oxidative stress of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Cárdenas
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Nogueira
- Chemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- IADCHEM, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Yun TH, Ahn G, Choi I, Bae Y, Hwang K, Kang S, Choi S. Fabrication of nanodiamonds modified with hyaluronic acid and chlorin e6 for selective photothermal and photodynamic tumor therapy. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Yun
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Guk‐Young Ahn
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Inseong Choi
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon‐Ju Bae
- Nano Oil‐chemical Division DAT Advanced Material Co. Ltd. Dangjin‐si Chungcheongnam‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Keum‐Cheol Hwang
- Nano Oil‐chemical Division DAT Advanced Material Co. Ltd. Dangjin‐si Chungcheongnam‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Suk‐Hoon Kang
- Nuclear Materials Division Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Wook Choi
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
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26
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Clinical development and potential of photothermal and photodynamic therapies for cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:657-674. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 723] [Impact Index Per Article: 180.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Yan K, Zhang Y, Mu C, Xu Q, Jing X, Wang D, Dang D, Meng L, Ma J. Versatile Nanoplatforms with enhanced Photodynamic Therapy: Designs and Applications. Theranostics 2020; 10:7287-7318. [PMID: 32641993 PMCID: PMC7330854 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As an emerging antitumor strategy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted intensive attention for the treatment of various malignant tumors owing to its noninvasive nature and high spatial selectivity in recent years. However, the therapeutic effect is unsatisfactory on some occasions due to the presence of some unfavorable factors including nonspecific accumulation of PS towards malignant tissues, the lack of endogenous oxygen in tumors, as well as the limited light penetration depth, further hampering practical application. To circumvent these limitations and improve real utilization efficiency, various enhanced strategies have been developed and explored during the past years. In this review, we give an overview of the state-of-the-art advances progress on versatile nanoplatforms for enhanced PDT considering the enhancement from targeting or responsive, chemical and physical effect. Specifically, these effects mainly include organelle-targeting function, tumor microenvironment responsive release photosensitizers (PS), self-sufficient O2 (affinity oxygen and generating oxygen), photocatalytic water splitting, X-rays light stimulate, surface plasmon resonance enhancement, and the improvement by resonance energy transfer. When utilizing these strategies to improve the therapeutic effect, the advantages and limitations are addressed. Finally, the challenges and prospective will be discussed and demonstrated for the future development of advanced PDT with enhanced efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yabin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
- Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chenglong Mu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qunna Xu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xunan Jing
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Daquan Wang
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Dongfeng Dang
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Ma
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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28
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Klosowski EM, de Souza BTL, Mito MS, Constantin RP, Mantovanelli GC, Mewes JM, Bizerra PFV, Menezes PVMDC, Gilglioni EH, Utsunomiya KS, Marchiosi R, Dos Santos WD, Filho OF, Caetano W, Pereira PCDS, Gonçalves RS, Constantin J, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, Constantin RP. The photodynamic and direct actions of methylene blue on mitochondrial energy metabolism: A balance of the useful and harmful effects of this photosensitizer. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:34-53. [PMID: 32315767 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
According to the literature, methylene blue (MB) is a photosensitizer (PS) with a high affinity for mitochondria. Therefore, several studies have explored this feature to evaluate its photodynamic effects on the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway under normoxic conditions. We are aware only of limited reports regarding MB's photodynamic effects on mitochondrial energy metabolism, especially under hypoxic conditions. Thus, the purposes of this study were to determine the direct and photodynamic acute effects of MB on the energy metabolism of rat liver mitochondria under hypoxic conditions and its direct acute effects on several parameters linked to energy metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver. MB presented a high affinity for mitochondria, irrespective of photostimulation or proton gradient formation. Upon photostimulation, MB demonstrated high in vitro oxidizing species generation ability. Consequently, MB damaged the mitochondrial macromolecules, as could be evidenced by the elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls. In addition to generating a pro-oxidant environment, MB also led to a deficient antioxidant defence system, as indicated by the reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion. Bioenergetically, MB caused uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and led to photodynamic inactivation of complex I, complex II, and F1FO-ATP synthase complex, thus decreasing mitochondrial ATP generation. Contrary to what is expected for an ideal PS, MB displayed appreciable dark toxicity on mitochondrial energy metabolism. The results indicated that MB acted via at least three mechanisms: direct damage to the inner mitochondrial membrane; uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation; and inhibition of electron transfer. Confirming the impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism, MB also strongly inhibited mitochondrial ATP production. In the perfused rat liver, MB stimulated oxygen consumption, decreased the ATP/ADP ratio, inhibited gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis, and stimulated glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and ammoniagenesis, fully corroborating its uncoupling action in intact cells, as well. It can be concluded that even under hypoxic conditions, MB is a PS with potential for photodynamic effect-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. However, MB disrupts the mitochondrial energy metabolism even in the dark, causing energy-linked liver metabolic changes that could be harmful in specific circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Makiyama Klosowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Byanca Thais Lima de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Marcio Shigueaki Mito
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Renato Polimeni Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Gislaine Cristiane Mantovanelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Morais Mewes
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Francisco Veiga Bizerra
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Vinicius Moreira da Costa Menezes
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Hideo Gilglioni
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Karina Sayuri Utsunomiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Wanderley Dantas Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Osvaldo Ferrarese Filho
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Jorgete Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Emy Luiza Ishii-Iwamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Polimeni Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations and Laboratory of Experimental Steatosis, State University of Maringá, Maringá, 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
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Charron DM, Yousefalizadeh G, Buzzá HH, Rajora MA, Chen J, Stamplecoskie KG, Zheng G. Photophysics of J-Aggregating Porphyrin-Lipid Photosensitizers in Liposomes: Impact of Lipid Saturation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5385-5393. [PMID: 32338515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrin aggregates have attractive photophysical properties for phototherapy and optical imaging, including quenched photosensitization, efficient photothermal conversion, and unique absorption spectra. Although hydrophobic porphyrin photosensitizers have long been encapsulated into liposomes for drug delivery, little is known about the membrane properties of liposomes with large amphiphilic porphyrin compositions. In this paper, a porphyrin-lipid conjugate was incorporated into liposomes formed of saturated or unsaturated lipids to study the membrane composition-dependent formation of highly ordered porphyrin J-aggregates and disordered aggregates. Porphyrin-lipid readily phase-separates in saturated membranes, forming J-aggregates that are destabilized during the ripple phase below the main thermal transition. Porphyrin-lipid J-aggregates are photostable with a photothermal efficiency of 54 ± 6%, comparable to gold. Even at high porphyrin-lipid compositions, porphyrin J-aggregates coexist with a minority population of disordered aggregates, which are photodynamically active despite being fluorescently quenched. For photothermal applications, liposome formulations that encourage porphyrin-lipid phase separation should be explored for maximum J-aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Charron
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | | | - Hilde H Buzzá
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), CEP 13563-120 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Maneesha A Rajora
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Juan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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30
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Chaves OA, Acunha TV, Iglesias BA, Jesus CS, Serpa C. Effect of peripheral platinum(II) bipyridyl complexes on the interaction of tetra-cationic porphyrins with human serum albumin. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Raza A, Archer SA, Fairbanks SD, Smitten KL, Botchway SW, Thomas JA, MacNeil S, Haycock JW. A Dinuclear Ruthenium(II) Complex Excited by Near-Infrared Light through Two-Photon Absorption Induces Phototoxicity Deep within Hypoxic Regions of Melanoma Cancer Spheroids. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4639-4647. [PMID: 32065521 PMCID: PMC7146853 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
dinuclear photo-oxidizing RuII complex [{Ru(TAP2)}2(tpphz)]4+ (TAP = 1,4,5,8- tetraazaphenanthrene,
tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c:3″,2′′-h:2‴,3′′′-j]phenazine), 14+, is readily
taken up by live cells localizing in mitochondria and nuclei. In this
study, the two-photon absorption cross section of 14+ is quantified and its use as a two-photon absorbing phototherapeutic
is reported. It was confirmed that the complex is readily photoexcited
using near-infrared, NIR, and light through two-photon absorption,
TPA. In 2-D cell cultures, irradiation with NIR light at low power
results in precisely focused phototoxicity effects in which human
melanoma cells were killed after 5 min of light exposure. Similar
experiments were then carried out in human cancer spheroids that provide
a realistic tumor model for the development of therapeutics and phototherapeutics.
Using the characteristic emission of the complex as a probe, its uptake
into 280 μm spheroids was investigated and confirmed that the
spheroid takes up the complex. Notably TPA excitation results in more
intense luminescence being observed throughout the depth of the spheroids,
although emission intensity still drops off toward the necrotic core.
As 14+ can directly photo-oxidize DNA without
the mediation of singlet oxygen or other reactive oxygen species,
phototoxicity within the deeper, hypoxic layers of the spheroids was
also investigated. To quantify the penetration of these phototoxic
effects, 14+ was photoexcited through TPA
at a power of 60 mW, which was progressively focused in 10 μm
steps throughout the entire z-axis of individual
spheroids. These experiments revealed that, in irradiated spheroids
treated with 14+, acute and rapid photoinduced
cell death was observed throughout their depth, including the hypoxic
region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahtasham Raza
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Stuart A Archer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Simon D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Kirsty L Smitten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - James A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - John W Haycock
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
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32
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Li L, Chen D, Zheng K, Jiang L, Dai T, Yang L, Jiang L, Chen Z, Yuan C, Huang M. Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy and Imaging Application of Photosensitizer-Formulated Paclitaxel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4221-4230. [PMID: 31909969 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a widely used anticancer drug that works by inhibiting microtubule disassembly. PTX safety was greatly enhanced by embedding it with human albumin. Here, we study the synergistic effects of PTX with photodynamic therapy (PDT) both in vitro and in vivo by constructing photosensitizer-PTX nanotheranostics (PPNTs). PPNTs were fabricated via noncovalent hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking between an amphipathic photosensitizer and PTX with an average diameter of ∼80 nm, and these showed high stability in biological conditions. In a tumor-bearing mouse model, PPNTs were shown to accumulate at the tumor site based on three-dimensional fluorescence tomographic imaging. Under 680 nm light irradiation, PPNTs exhibited a superior solid tumor ablation effect in a mouse model, with a dose of PTX (0.2 mg/kg) that is 10-fold lower than that typically used. Mechanistically, PPNTs induced a strong apoptotic response in cells under light illumination and showed an increased antitumor efficacy that is 47.2-fold and 57.6-fold higher than that of the photosensitizer nanoparticles (PNTs) and free PTX, respectively. In addition, PPNTs showed enhanced cellular uptake with focused mitochondria and lysosome colocalization compared to that of PNTs and the amount of PTX delivered in PPNTs was sufficient to induce cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. These findings indicated that the current combination therapy has advantages over monotherapy in promoting tumor regression and ultimately achieving tumor elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Li
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China
| | - Ke Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 , China
| | - Libin Jiang
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China
| | - Tao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , China
| | - Cai Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou , Fujian 350116 , China
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33
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de Melo MT, Piva HL, Tedesco AC. Design of new protein drug delivery system (PDDS) with photoactive compounds as a potential application in the treatment of glioblastoma brain cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110638. [PMID: 32204072 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive malignant brain tumor. Despite advances in treatment modalities, it remains largely incurable. This unfavorable prognosis for GBM is at least partly due to the lack of a successful drug delivery system across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The delivery of drugs through nanomedicines combined with less invasive alternative therapies represents an important hope for the future of these incurable brain tumors. Whey protein nanocarriers represent promising strategy for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells by enhancing the drug's bioavailability and distribution, and reducing the body's response towards drug resistance. They have been extensively studied to find new alternatives for capacity to encapsulate different drugs and no need for cross-linkers. In this study, we report for the first time the incorporation and administration of Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlClPc)-loaded whey protein drug delivery system (AlClPc-PDDS) for the treatment of glioblastoma brain cancer. This system was designed and optimized (with the use of the spray drying technique) to obtain the required particle size (in the range of 100 to 300 nm), zeta potential and drug loading. Our results suggest that we have developed a drug delivery system from a low-cost raw material and preparation method that is capable of incorporating hydrophobic drugs which, in combination with irradiation, cause photodamage to neoplasic cells, working as an effective adjuvant treatment for malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryanne Trafani de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Luis Piva
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Long Y, Wu X, Li Z, Fan J, Hu X, Liu B. PEGylated WS2 nanodrug system with erythrocyte membrane coating for chemo/photothermal therapy of cervical cancer. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5088-5105. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00972e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The side effects of chemical drugs and multi-drug resistance are serious obstacles hindering efficient tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Long
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education for Western Hunan Medicinal Plant and Ethnobotany
- Huaihua University
- Huaihua 418008
- China
- College of Biology
| | - Xianjin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education for Western Hunan Medicinal Plant and Ethnobotany
- Huaihua University
- Huaihua 418008
- China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Jialong Fan
- College of Biology
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Xing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education for Western Hunan Medicinal Plant and Ethnobotany
- Huaihua University
- Huaihua 418008
- China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province and Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education for Western Hunan Medicinal Plant and Ethnobotany
- Huaihua University
- Huaihua 418008
- China
- College of Biology
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35
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Kong Q, Ma B, Yu T, Hu C, Li G, Jiang Q, Wang Y. A two-photon AIE fluorophore as a photosensitizer for highly efficient mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00822b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become an effective method for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunshou Kong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Boxuan Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Tao Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Cheng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Gaocan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Qing Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
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36
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Rizzo P, Altschmied L, Stark P, Rutten T, Gündel A, Scharfenberg S, Franke K, Bäumlein H, Wessjohann L, Koch M, Borisjuk L, Sharbel TF. Discovery of key regulators of dark gland development and hypericin biosynthesis in St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2299-2312. [PMID: 31037808 PMCID: PMC6835128 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypericin is a molecule of high pharmaceutical importance that is synthesized and stored in dark glands (DGs) of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum). Understanding which genes are involved in dark gland development and hypericin biosynthesis is important for the development of new Hypericum extracts that are highly demanded for medical applications. We identified two transcription factors whose expression is strictly synchronized with the differentiation of DGs. We correlated the content of hypericin, pseudohypericin, endocrocin, skyrin glycosides and several flavonoids with gene expression and DG development to obtain a revised model for hypericin biosynthesis. Here, we report for the first time genotypes which are polymorphic for the presence/total absence (G+/G-) of DGs in their placental tissues (PTs). DG development was characterized in PTs using several microscopy techniques. Fourier transform infrared microscopy was established as a novel method to precisely locate polyaromatic compounds, such as hypericin, in plant tissues. In addition, we obtained transcriptome and metabolome profiles of unprecedented resolution in Hypericum. This study addresses for the first time the development of dark glands and identifies genes that constitute strong building blocks for the further elucidation of hypericin synthesis, its manipulation in plants, its engineering in microbial systems and its applications in medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paride Rizzo
- Leibniz‐Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenvorschung (IPK)GaterslebenGermany
| | - Lothar Altschmied
- Leibniz‐Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenvorschung (IPK)GaterslebenGermany
| | - Pauline Stark
- Leibniz‐Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie (IPB)Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz‐Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenvorschung (IPK)GaterslebenGermany
| | - André Gündel
- Leibniz‐Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenvorschung (IPK)GaterslebenGermany
| | | | - Katrin Franke
- Leibniz‐Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie (IPB)Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Helmut Bäumlein
- Leibniz‐Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenvorschung (IPK)GaterslebenGermany
| | | | - Marcus Koch
- Ruprecht Karls Universität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz‐Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenvorschung (IPK)GaterslebenGermany
| | - Timothy F. Sharbel
- Leibniz‐Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenvorschung (IPK)GaterslebenGermany
- Global Institute for Food Security (GIFS)University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada
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37
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Zhang J, Fang F, Liu B, Tan JH, Chen WC, Zhu Z, Yuan Y, Wan Y, Cui X, Li S, Tong QX, Zhao J, Meng XM, Lee CS. Intrinsically Cancer-Mitochondria-Targeted Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Nanoparticles for Two-Photon-Activated Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:41051-41061. [PMID: 31602976 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A recent breakthrough in the discovery of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters characterized by small single-triplet energy offsets (ΔEST) offers a wealth of new opportunities to exploit high-performance metal-free photosensitizers. In this report, two intrinsically cancer-mitochondria-targeted TADF emitters-based nanoparticles (TADF NPs) have been developed for two-photon-activated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence imaging. The as-prepared TADF NPs integrate the merits of (1) high 1O2 quantum yield of 52%, (2) sufficient near-infrared light penetration depth due to two-photon activation, and (3) excellent structure-inherent mitochondria-targeting capabilities without extra chemical or physical modifications, inducing remarkable endogenous mitochondria-specific reactive oxygen species production and excellent cancer-cell-killing ability at an ultralow light irradiance. We believe that the development of such intrinsically multifunctional TADF NPs stemming from a single molecule will provide new insights into exploration of novel PDT agents with strong photosensitizing ability for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100811 , P. R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100811 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Science, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study , Westlake University , 18 Shilongshan Road , Hangzhou 310024 , P. R. China
- Department of Physics , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province , Shantou University , 243 University Road , Shantou , Guangdong 515063 , P. R. China
| | - Ji-Hua Tan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Nano-organic Functional Materials and Devices (TIPC and CityU) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Nano-organic Functional Materials and Devices (TIPC and CityU) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Zelin Zhu
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Nano-organic Functional Materials and Devices (TIPC and CityU) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Nano-organic Functional Materials and Devices (TIPC and CityU) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Yingpeng Wan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Nano-organic Functional Materials and Devices (TIPC and CityU) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Nano-organic Functional Materials and Devices (TIPC and CityU) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Li
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Nano-organic Functional Materials and Devices (TIPC and CityU) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Xiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province , Shantou University , 243 University Road , Shantou , Guangdong 515063 , P. R. China
| | - Junfang Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of Nano-organic Functional Materials and Devices (TIPC and CityU) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Min Meng
- Joint Laboratory of Nano-organic Functional Materials and Devices (TIPC and CityU) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Nano-organic Functional Materials and Devices (TIPC and CityU) , City University of Hong Kong , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P. R. China
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Li C, Wang J, Wang Y, Gao H, Wei G, Huang Y, Yu H, Gan Y, Wang Y, Mei L, Chen H, Hu H, Zhang Z, Jin Y. Recent progress in drug delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1145-1162. [PMID: 31867161 PMCID: PMC6900554 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) are defined as methods by which drugs are delivered to desired tissues, organs, cells and subcellular organs for drug release and absorption through a variety of drug carriers. Its usual purpose to improve the pharmacological activities of therapeutic drugs and to overcome problems such as limited solubility, drug aggregation, low bioavailability, poor biodistribution, lack of selectivity, or to reduce the side effects of therapeutic drugs. During 2015-2018, significant progress in the research on drug delivery systems has been achieved along with advances in related fields, such as pharmaceutical sciences, material sciences and biomedical sciences. This review provides a concise overview of current progress in this research area through its focus on the delivery strategies, construction techniques and specific examples. It is a valuable reference for pharmaceutical scientists who want to learn more about the design of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiguang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haijun Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lin Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Huabing Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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Zhao X, Ma H, Chen J, Zhang F, Jia X, Xue J. An epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted and endoplasmic reticulum-localized organic photosensitizer toward photodynamic anticancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Takahashi J, Nagasawa S, Ikemoto MJ, Sato C, Sato M, Iwahashi H. Verification of 5-Aminolevurinic Radiodynamic Therapy Using a Murine Melanoma Brain Metastasis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205155. [PMID: 31627442 PMCID: PMC6834170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with a propensity for brain metastases. These can be treated by radiotherapy, but the radiation-resistant nature of melanoma makes the prognosis for melanoma patients with brain metastases poor. Previously, we demonstrated that treatment of mice with subcutaneous melanoma with 5-aminolevurinic acid (5-ALA) and X-rays in combination, (“radiodynamic therapy (RDT)”), instead of with 5-ALA and laser beams (“photodynamic therapy”), improved tumor suppression in vivo. Here, using the B16-Luc melanoma brain metastasis model, we demonstrate that 5-ALA RDT effectively treats brain metastasis. We also studied how 5-ALA RDT damages cells in vitro using a B16 melanoma culture. Cell culture preincubated with 5-ALA alone increased intracellular photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. On X-ray irradiation, the cells enhanced their ∙OH radical generation, which subsequently induced γH2AX, a marker of DNA double-strand breaks in their nuclei, but decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. After two days, the cell cycle was arrested. When 5-ALA RDT was applied to the brain melanoma metastasis model in vivo, suppression of tumor growth was indicated. Therapeutic efficacy in melanoma treatment has recently been improved by molecular targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Treatment with these drugs is now expected to be combined with 5-ALA RDT to further improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Takahashi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Shinsuke Nagasawa
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Mitsushi J Ikemoto
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Chikara Sato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Mari Sato
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Iwahashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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Piontkowski Z, Mark DJ, Bedics MA, Sabatini RP, Mark MF, Detty MR, McCamant DW. Excited State Torsional Processes in Chalcogenopyrylium Monomethine Dyes. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8807-8822. [PMID: 31591891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chalcogenopyrylium monomethine (CGPM) dyes represent a class of environmentally activated singlet oxygen generators with applications in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoassisted chemotherapy (PACT). Upon binding to genomic material, the dyes are presumed to rigidify, allowing for intersystem crossing to outcompete excited state deactivation by internal conversion. This results in large triplet yields and hence large singlet oxygen yields. To understand the nature of the internal conversion process that controls the activity of the dyes, femtosecond transient absorption experiments were performed on a series of S-, Se-, and Te-substituted CGPM dyes. For S- and Se-substituted species in methanol, rapid internal conversion from the singlet excited state, S1, occurs in ∼5 ps, deactivating the optically active excited state. The internal conversion produces a distorted ground-state species that returns to its equilibrium structure in ∼20 ps. For Te-substituted species, the internal conversion competes with rapid intersystem crossing to the lowest triplet state, T1, which occurs with a ∼ 100 ps time constant in methanol. In more viscous methanol/glycerol mixtures, the internal conversion to the ground state slows by 2 orders of magnitude, occurring in 500-600 ps. For Se- and Te-substituted species in viscous environments, the slower internal conversion rate allows a larger triplet yield. Using femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), the internal conversion is determined to occur by twisting of the pyrylium rings about the monomethine bridge. Evolution from the distorted ground state occurs by twisting back to the S0 equilibrium structure. The environmentally dependent photoactivity of CGPM dyes is discussed in the context of PDT and PACT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Piontkowski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 United States
| | - Daniel J Mark
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 United States
| | - Matthew A Bedics
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo , The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 United States
| | - Randy Pat Sabatini
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 United States
| | - Michael F Mark
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 United States
| | - Michael R Detty
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo , The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 United States
| | - David W McCamant
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 United States
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A pH-Activatable nanoparticle for dual-stage precisely mitochondria-targeted photodynamic anticancer therapy. Biomaterials 2019; 213:119219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen H, Wang J, Feng X, Zhu M, Hoffmann S, Hsu A, Qian K, Huang D, Zhao F, Liu W, Zhang H, Cheng Z. Mitochondria-targeting fluorescent molecules for high efficiency cancer growth inhibition and imaging. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7946-7951. [PMID: 31853349 PMCID: PMC6836573 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
5BMF is a new fluorescent mitochondria-accumulating delocalized lipophilic cations [DLC] that boasts significantly increased anti-cancer effects and low toxicity in comparison to previous DLCs, addressing current hurdles in DLC clinical translation.
Fluorescent mitochondria-accumulating delocalized lipophilic cations (DLCs) for cancer therapy have drawn significant attention in the field of cancer theranostics. One of the most promising fluorescent DLCs, F16, can selectively trigger the apoptosis and necrosis of cancer cells, making it an attractive targeted theranostic drug candidate. However, it suffers from low clinical translation potential, largely due to its inefficient anti-cancer activity (IC50 in the μM range) and poorly understood structure–activity relationship (SAR). In this report, eleven indole-ring substituted F16 derivatives (F16s) were synthesized. Among these derivatives, 5BMF was identified as a highly effective theranostic agent, with in vitro studies showing a low IC50 of ∼50 nM (to H2228 cells) and high cancer to normal cell selectivity index of 225. In vivo studies revealed that tumors treated with 5BMF were significantly suppressed (almost no growth over the treatment period) compared to the PBS treated control group, and also no obvious toxicity to mice was found. In addition, the tumor imaging capability of 5BMF was demonstrated by in vivo fluorescence imaging. Finally, we report for the first time a proposed SAR for F16 DLCs. Our work lays down a solid foundation for translating 5BMF into a novel and highly promising DLC for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Radiology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , 130021 , China . .,Center for Molecular Imaging Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 201203 , China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , 130021 , China . .,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Xin Feng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA . .,The College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , 130021 , China
| | - Mark Zhu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Simon Hoffmann
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Alex Hsu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Kun Qian
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Daijuan Huang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Feng Zhao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , 130021 , China .
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department of Radiology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , 130021 , China .
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
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Yi G, Son J, Yoo J, Park C, Koo H. Rhamnolipid nanoparticles for in vivo drug delivery and photodynamic therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 19:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhuang W, Yang L, Ma B, Kong Q, Li G, Wang Y, Tang BZ. Multifunctional Two-Photon AIE Luminogens for Highly Mitochondria-Specific Bioimaging and Efficient Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:20715-20724. [PMID: 31144501 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has drawn much attention as a noninvasive and safe cancer therapy method due to its fine controllability, good selectivity, low systemic toxicity, and minimal drug resistance in contrast to the conventional methods (for example, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery). However, some drawbacks still remain for the current organic photosensitizers such as low singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield, poor photostability, inability of absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region, short excitation wavelength, and limited action radius of singlet oxygen, which will strongly limit the PDT treatment efficiency. As a consequence, the development of efficient photosensitizers with high singlet oxygen quantum yield, strong fluorescent emission in the aggregated state, excellent photostability, NIR excitation wavelength ranging in the biological transparency window, and highly specific targeting to mitochondria is still in great demand for the enhancement of PDT treatment efficiency. In this study, two new two-photon AIEgens TPPM and TTPM based on a rigid D-π-A skeleton have been designed and synthesized. Both AIEgens TPPM and TTPM show strong aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with the emission enhancement up to 290-folds, large two-photon absorption with the two-photon absorption cross section up to 477 MG, and highly specific targeting to mitochondria in living cells with good biocompatibility. They can serve as two-photon bioprobes for the cell and deep tissue bioimaging with a penetration depth up to 150 μm. Furthermore, high 1O2 generation efficiency with high 1O2 quantum yield under white light irradiation has been found for both TPPM and TTPM and high PDT efficiency to HeLa cells under white light irradiation has also been proven. To the best of our knowledge, AIEgens in this work constitute one of the strongest emission enhancements and one of the highest 1O2 generation efficiencies in the reported organic AIEgens so far. The great AIE feature, large two-photon absorption, high specificity to mitochondria in living cells, and high PDT efficiency to living cells as well as excellent photostability and biocompatibility of these novel AIEgens TPPM and TTPM reveal great potential in clinical applications of two-photon cell and tissue bioimaging and image-guided and mitochondria-targeted photodynamic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhuang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Li Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Boxuan Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Qunshou Kong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Gaocan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials , Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Division of Life Science , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
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46
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Hynek J, Koncošová M, Zelenka J, KříŽová I, Ruml T, Kubát P, Demel J, Lang K. Phosphinatophenylporphyrins tailored for high photodynamic efficacy. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:7274-7281. [PMID: 30259016 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01984c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective photosensitizers is particularly attractive for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Three novel porphyrin photosensitizers functionalized with phosphinic groups were synthesized and their physicochemical, photophysical, and photobiological properties were collected. Phosphinic acid groups (R1R2POOH) attached to the porphyrin moiety (R1) contain different R2 substituents (methyl, isopropyl, phenyl in this study). The presence of phosphinic groups does not influence absorption and photophysical properties of the porphyrin units, including the O2(1Δg) productivity. In vitro studies show that these porphyrins accumulate in cancer cells, are inherently nontoxic, however, exhibit high phototoxicity upon irradiation with visible light with their phototoxic efficacy tuned by R2 substituents on the phosphorus centre. Thus, phosphinatophenylporphyrin with isopropyl substituents has the strongest photodynamic efficacy due to the most efficient cellular uptake. We demonstrate that these porphyrins are attractive candidates for photodynamic applications since their photodynamic efficacy can be easily tuned by the R2 substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hynek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 ŘeŽ, Czech Republic.
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Gao Y, Zheng QC, Xu S, Yuan Y, Cheng X, Jiang S, Kenry, Yu Q, Song Z, Liu B, Li M. Theranostic Nanodots with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristic for Targeted and Image-Guided Photodynamic Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Theranostics 2019; 9:1264-1279. [PMID: 30867829 PMCID: PMC6401505 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosensitizer (PS) serves as the central element of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The use of common nanoparticles (NPs) for PDT has typically been rendered less effective by the undesirable aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, resulting in quenched fluorescence and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that diminish the imaging quality and PDT efficacy. To overcome the ACQ effect and to enhance the overall efficacy of PDT, herein, integrin ανβ3-targeted organic nanodots for image-guided PDT were designed and synthesized based on a red emissive aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PS. Methods: The TPETS nanodots were prepared by nano-precipitation method and further conjugated with thiolated cRGD (cRGD-SH) through a click reaction to yield the targeted TPETS nanodots (T-TPETS nanodots). Nanodots were characterized for encapsulation efficiency, conjugation rate, particle size, absorption and emission spectra and ROS production. The targeted fluorescence imaging and antitumor efficacy of T-TPETS nanodot were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of cell apoptosis induced by T-TPETS nanodot mediated-PDT was explored. The biocompatibility and toxicity of the nanodots was examined using cytotoxicity test, hemolysis assay, blood biochemistry test and histological staining. Results: The obtained nanodots show bright red fluorescence and highly effective 1O2 generation in aggregate state. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the nanodots exhibit excellent tumor-targeted imaging performance, which facilitates image-guided PDT for tumor ablation in a hepatocellular carcinoma model. Detailed analysis reveals that the nanodot-mediated PDT is able to induce time- and concentration-dependent cell death. The use of PDT at a high PDT intensity leads to direct cell necrosis, while cell apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated pathway is achieved under low PDT intensity. Conclusion: Our results suggest that well-designed AIE nanodots are promising for image-guided PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qi Chang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shidang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585
| | - Youyong Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kenry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585
| | - Qihong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zifang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585
| | - Min Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zhao X, Huang Y, Yuan G, Zuo K, Huang Y, Chen J, Li J, Xue J. A novel tumor and mitochondria dual-targeted photosensitizer showing ultra-efficient photodynamic anticancer activities. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:866-869. [PMID: 30601489 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a simple, but highly effective photosensitizer (G-Mito-Pc), which can precisely target the mitochondria of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-overexpressing cancer cells, to achieve dual targeting function at both cell and organelle levels in cancer therapy. We further explored the possible molecular mechanism of the enhanced bioactivity of G-Mito-Pc compared to that of the reference photosensitizer using molecular dynamics simulations on their interactions with a physiologically relevant mitochondrial membrane model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- College of Chemistry, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
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Cheng H, Zheng RR, Fan GL, Fan JH, Zhao LP, Jiang XY, Yang B, Yu XY, Li SY, Zhang XZ. Mitochondria and plasma membrane dual-targeted chimeric peptide for single-agent synergistic photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials 2019; 188:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wang S, Guo F, Ji Y, Yu M, Wang J, Li N. Dual-Mode Imaging Guided Multifunctional Theranosomes with Mitochondria Targeting for Photothermally Controlled and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy in Vitro and in Vivo. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3318-3331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Fang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yanhui Ji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Meng Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, PR China
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