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Ocular injuries in a paediatric population at a child eye health tertiary facility, Ibadan, Nigeria. Injury 2023; 54:917-923. [PMID: 36646534 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the pattern, causes and risk factors for ocular injuries amongst children presenting to a tertiary facility in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical records of patients aged 16 years and below who presented with ocular injuries to the eye emergency unit between May 2010 and April 2016. Information extracted includes patient's demography, location and circumstances of injury, clinical findings, and management. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated. Odds ratio were derived from regression models adjusted for confounders. Significance was set at a P-value of 0.05. RESULTS A total of 109 children were studied. Majority were boys (male to female ratio=2.9:1). The median age at presentation was 9 years. Injury occurred at home in 67 (61.5%) children, and at school in 30 (27.5%). More than half of the children were injured during play, 18 (16.5%) during corporal punishment, and 34 (31.2%) by accidents during domestic/schoolwork. Majority (73.4%) were closed globe injuries. The odds of injury with sharp objects and ocular trauma score of 4 or less was were 3.2 times (95% Confidence interval {CI}: 1.3-7.7) and 3.9 times (95% CI:1.4-11.4) higher in children aged 0-5 years respectively. The odds of open globe injury was 9.8 times (95% CI: 3.4-28.6) higher in injury from sharp objects. Wood/stick, cane, stone, broomstick and fist/palm/finger were the agents responsible for two-thirds of injuries. CONCLUSION This study revealed that children predominantly sustain ocular injuries at home and younger children have greater odds of severe injuries with profound implications for visual disability. Health education, adult supervision and the application of appropriate measures necessary for reducing the incidence and severity of childhood ocular trauma are advocated.
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Takou Tsapmene V, Nanfack Ngoune C, Abdouramani O, Omgbwa Eballe A, Bella Assumpta L. [Pediatric cataract: Epidemiological, etiological, clinical and therapeutic features at the Yaounde gyneco-obstetrics and pediatric hospital]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:1589-1595. [PMID: 34561092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The number of blind children in the world is approximately 1.5 million, a large proportion of which is attributable to congenital cataracts. Our goal is to describe the epidemiological, etiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of childhood cataracts at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetrics and Pediatric Hospital (YGOPH). MATERIAL AND METHODS This is a retrospective, descriptive study of cataracts diagnosed in children under 16 years of age from January 2010 to December 2017. Variables analyzed were age, sex, reason for consultation, laterality and duration of symptoms, type of cataract and treatment administered. RESULTS We collected 82 patient records. The sex ratio was 1.56. The most frequent age group was 0-4 years at 42.5% (34), and the mean age was 6.6 years (1 day-15 years). The main reasons for consultation were decreased visual acuity in 46.3% (37) and leukocoria in 37.5% (30). Cataracts were unilateral in 72% (59) of the cases. The most common onset of the cataracts was congenital (40.8%) (31), and traumatic cataracts accounted for 27.6% (21). Mature white cataracts accounted for 39% (32), predominantly congenital etiologies in 41.5% (34). Cataract surgery was performed in 33 eyes. Small incision cataract surgery was the most common technique at 51.5% (17). CONCLUSION Pediatric cataracts are relatively rare. Identification of risk factors may help decrease their incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Takou Tsapmene
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, B.P. 337, Yaoundé, Cameroun.
| | - C Nanfack Ngoune
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé, B.P.:4362, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - O Abdouramani
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé, B.P.:4362, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - A Omgbwa Eballe
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, B.P. 337, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital de district de Biyem-assis, quartier Biyem-assi, Yaoundé 6, Cameroun
| | - L Bella Assumpta
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences biomédicales, université de Yaoundé I, B.P. 337, Yaoundé, Cameroun; Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé, B.P.:4362, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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Sissoko M, Guirou N, Romuald Elien G Y R, Saye G, Simaga A, Diallo H, Bakozo Tatangba A, Sylla F. [Eye traumatism during the COVID-19 sanitary crisis at Iota-teaching hospital]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 44:145-150. [PMID: 33413987 PMCID: PMC7836252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have witnessed a world-wide lock-down of the population. This government action combined with the application of social distancing should in principle reduce the frequency of occurrence of ocular injuries. The goal of our work is to try to understand the circumstances of the occurrence of ocular injuries at the IOTA Teaching Hospital during the lock-down period of the COVID-19 health crisis. METHODOLOGY This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. The data were collected prospectively. Our study covered the period from March to May 2020. All consenting patients seen at the IOTA Teaching Hospital for ocular trauma regardless of gender, age, circumstances in which the trauma occurred or the nature of the injuries were included by non-probability sampling. Excluded from the study were patients who did not consent or who consulted for a non-traumatic ophthalmologic condition. RESULTS There were a total of 138 cases, of which 84 were male and 54 female, for a gender ratio of M/F=1.5. Children aged 0 to 5 years represented more than 3/4 (79.14%) of our sample. Trauma occurred in 45.83% of cases during leisure activities and 3.60% of cases involved domestic violence. DISCUSSION According to the authors, measures aimed at limiting public movement, particularly the curfews introduced by the Malian government to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, may actually result in trauma. CONCLUSION Raising public awareness of the social and psychological consequences of lock-down through audiovisual means might significantly reduce the frequency of these ocular traumas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sissoko
- Centre hospitalier et universitaire de l'institut d'ophtalmologie tropicale de l'Afrique (CHU de IOTA)/université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Médina Coura, Bamako
| | - N Guirou
- Centre hospitalier et universitaire de l'institut d'ophtalmologie tropicale de l'Afrique (CHU de IOTA)/université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Médina Coura, Bamako
| | - R Romuald Elien G Y
- Centre hospitalier et universitaire de l'institut d'ophtalmologie tropicale de l'Afrique (CHU de IOTA)/université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Médina Coura, Bamako.
| | - G Saye
- Centre hospitalier et universitaire de l'institut d'ophtalmologie tropicale de l'Afrique (CHU de IOTA)/université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Médina Coura, Bamako
| | - A Simaga
- Centre hospitalier et universitaire de l'institut d'ophtalmologie tropicale de l'Afrique (CHU de IOTA)/université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Médina Coura, Bamako
| | - H Diallo
- Centre hospitalier et universitaire de l'institut d'ophtalmologie tropicale de l'Afrique (CHU de IOTA)/université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Médina Coura, Bamako
| | - A Bakozo Tatangba
- Centre hospitalier et universitaire de l'institut d'ophtalmologie tropicale de l'Afrique (CHU de IOTA)/université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Médina Coura, Bamako
| | - F Sylla
- Centre hospitalier et universitaire de l'institut d'ophtalmologie tropicale de l'Afrique (CHU de IOTA)/université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Médina Coura, Bamako
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Abu EK, Ocansey S, Gyamfi JA, Ntodie M, Morny EKA. Epidemiology and visual outcomes of ocular injuries in a low resource country. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:779-788. [PMID: 33163044 PMCID: PMC7609090 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocular injury is a major cause of ocular morbidity and unilateral visual impairment and represents a considerable public health concern especially in low resource societies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the epidemiology and visual outcomes of ocular injuries in southern Ghana. METHODS A retrospective hospital-based case series was conducted. Information on new cases of ocular injuries were retrieved and parameters including time between injury occurrence and reporting to the clinic, presenting visual acuity (VA), and the best corrected final VA were investigated and visual outcomes were assessed Results: Most (50.2%) of the patients reported to the hospital after a day of sustaining an ocular injury; workplace injuries, older patients and farm-related injuries were most likely to report after a day of sustaining an injury. A significant proportion (40.4%) of patients reported with good presenting vision (6/6-6/18) which increased to 56.7% after treatment; 45.3% of patients reported with visual impairment (<6/18) and reduced to 42.4% after treatment. Farming (AOR = 4.5, p = 0.02), reporting after a day of sustaining injury (AOR = 78, p< 0.001), workplace injuries (AOR = 3.1, p = 0.007) and roadside injuries (AOR = 3.1, p = 0.02) were associated with poor visual outcomes. Initial VA 6/18 or better was the highest predictor of good visual outcome. CONCLUSION There is a shift in the pattern of ocular injury occurrence from work-related to home- related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K Abu
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
- Corresponding author: Emmanuel K Abu, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, PMB, Cape Coast, Ghana. Tel. +233244990030
| | - Stephen Ocansey
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jennifer A Gyamfi
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Michael Ntodie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
- Optometry and Vision Science Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Enyam KA Morny
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
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Boret C, Brehin C, Cortey C, Chanut M, Houzé-Cerfon CH, Soler V, Claudet I. Pediatric ocular trauma: Characteristics and outcomes among a French cohort (2007–2016). Arch Pediatr 2020; 27:128-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Mayouego Kouam J, Epée E, Azria S, Enyama D, Omgbwa Eballe A, Ebana Mvogo C, Cherifi M. Aspects épidémiologiques cliniques et thérapeutiques des traumatismes oculaires de l’enfant dans un service d’urgences ophtalmologiques en Île-de-France. J Fr Ophtalmol 2015; 38:743-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Les traumatismes oculaires en milieu urbain camerounais : à propos de 332 cas évalués selon l’Ocular Trauma Score. J Fr Ophtalmol 2015; 38:735-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Okpala NE, Umeh RE, Onwasigwe EN. Eye Injuries Among Primary School Children in Enugu, Nigeria: Rural vs Urban. OPHTHALMOLOGY AND EYE DISEASES 2015; 7:13-9. [PMID: 26124686 PMCID: PMC4476318 DOI: 10.4137/oed.s18659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey of the prevalence of eye injuries among primary school children in two noncontiguous local government areas of Enugu State of Nigeria was undertaken. One of the local government areas was urban, while the other one was rural. Children who were <15 years in two randomly selected primary schools in the urban area and three randomly selected schools in the rural area were interviewed and examined with Snellen chart, pen torch, head loupe, and direct ophthalmoscope. The findings were recorded using a semi-structured questionnaire and the World Health Organization Programme for Prevention of Blindness (WHO/PBL) eye examination form. Training on visual acuity measurement was done for each of the class teachers. A total of 1,236 children <15 years of age were studied and analyzed. Slightly more females, 652 (52.8%), than males, 584 (47.2%), constituted the sample population giving a female/male ratio of 1.1:1. A total of 98 (7.93%) children had evidence of injury to the eye or its adnexa. Eyelid scar was the commonest (5.34%) followed by eyebrow scar (2.10%). Canthal scar was the next (0.32%). Two girls had monocular blindness from eye trauma (0.16%). One had leucoma, while the other had a dislocated lens. All the monocular blind children of this study were from the urban area. The home was the commonest environment for an eye injury (69.39%) followed by the school (20.41%). The farm was next in frequency (7.14%), especially among boys in the rural area. The church and the road/street constituted the remainder. Regarding persons causing the injury, the child's playmate was the commonest (55.10%) followed by self (27.55%). Parents and guardians were the next (9.18%). These were injuries associated with corporal punishment. Corporal punishment-related eye injury, according to this study, appears to be common in the rural area and affects boys predominantly. Other human intermediary agents that cause an eye injury include passersby (2.04%), RTA (2.04%), siblings (2.04%), and others (1.02%). The primary agents that caused an eye injury were sticks/wood, 29 (29.60%); stone, 21 (21.43%); pieces of metal, 19 (19.39%); fall, 10 (10.20%); fight/fist blow, 9 (9.918%); plastic, 2 (2.04%); fingernails, 2 (2.04%); farm tools/fruits, 2 (2.04%); and RTA, glass, and headbutt, each 1.02%. Farm implements/fruits as well as fingernails appear to be fairly common primary agents that cause an eye injury in the rural Enugu, Nigeria. In terms of prevalence, there was no significant difference between the urban and rural areas. The findings from this study showed a high prevalence of eye injury among primary school children. In terms of treatment, 58.16% of the children with an eye injury had no form of treatment for it. The children from this study with monocular blindness did not receive adequate medical treatment. Treatment of an eye injury, according to this study, was sought from chemists (19.39%), at hospital/health centers (16.33%), at home (3.06%), and from traditional healers (3.06%). The persons who treated an eye injury, as observed from this study, were doctors (14.29%), nurses (4.08%), chemists (17.35%), and traditional healers and fathers (3.06% each). The frequency of noninjury-related diagnosis made in this study was refractive error, 4.85%; allergic conjunctivitis, 1.94%; oculocutaneous albinism, 0.24%; prepapillary vascular loops, 0.40%; and then ptosis, exotropia, stye, corneal opacity, and retinitis pigmentosa, 0.08% each. The annual incidence of an eye injury according to this study was 3.48%. The majority of the causes of an eye injury, as per this study, were preventable. Appropriate promotion of preventive eye care among children may go a long way in reducing the burden of blindness from eye injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonso Ejikeme Okpala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Nigeria
- Guinness Eye Center Onitsha, Anambra, Nigeria
| | - Rich Enujioke Umeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ernest Nnemeka Onwasigwe
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
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