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Piccione M, Belloni Fortina A, Ferri G, Andolina G, Beretta L, Cividini A, De Marni E, Caroppo F, Citernesi U, Di Liddo R. Xeroderma Pigmentosum: General Aspects and Management. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1146. [PMID: 34834498 PMCID: PMC8624855 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic syndrome with a defective DNA nucleotide excision repair. It is characterized by (i) an extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV)-induced damages in the skin and eyes; (ii) high risk to develop multiple skin tumours; and (iii) neurologic alterations in the most severe form. To date, the management of XP patients consists of (i) early diagnosis; (ii) a long-life protection from ultraviolet radiation, including avoidance of unnecessary UV exposure, wearing UV blocking clothing, and use of topical sunscreens; and (iii) surgical resections of skin cancers. No curative treatment is available at present. Thus, in the last decade, in order to prevent or delay the progression of the clinical signs of XP, numerous strategies have been proposed and tested, in some cases, with adverse effects. The present review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms featuring the development of XP and highlights both advantages and disadvantages of the clinical approaches developed throughout the years. The intention of the authors is to sensitize scientists to the crucial aspects of the pathology that could be differently targeted. In this context, the exploration of the process underlining the conception of liposomal nanocarriers is reported to focus the attention on the potentialities of liposomal technology to optimize the administration of chemoprotective agents in XP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Piccione
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Belloni Fortina
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.B.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Giulia Ferri
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Gloria Andolina
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Andrea Cividini
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Emanuele De Marni
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Francesca Caroppo
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.B.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Ugo Citernesi
- I.R.A. Istituto Ricerche Applicate S.p.A., 20865 Usmate Velate, Italy; (G.F.); (G.A.); (L.B.); (A.C.); (E.D.M.); (U.C.)
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Zhang H, Chen Z, Ye Y, Ye Z, Cao D, Xiong Y, Srivastava M, Feng X, Tang M, Wang C, Tainer JA, Chen J. SLX4IP acts with SLX4 and XPF-ERCC1 to promote interstrand crosslink repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:10181-10201. [PMID: 31495888 PMCID: PMC6821277 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are highly toxic DNA lesions that are repaired via a complex process requiring the coordination of several DNA repair pathways. Defects in ICL repair result in Fanconi anemia, which is characterized by bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities, and a high incidence of malignancies. SLX4, also known as FANCP, acts as a scaffold protein and coordinates multiple endonucleases that unhook ICLs, resolve homologous recombination intermediates, and perhaps remove unhooked ICLs. In this study, we explored the role of SLX4IP, a constitutive factor in the SLX4 complex, in ICL repair. We found that SLX4IP is a novel regulatory factor; its depletion sensitized cells to treatment with ICL-inducing agents and led to accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase. We further discovered that SLX4IP binds to SLX4 and XPF-ERCC1 simultaneously and that disruption of one interaction also disrupts the other. The binding of SLX4IP to both SLX4 and XPF-ERCC1 not only is vital for maintaining the stability of SLX4IP protein, but also promotes the interaction between SLX4 and XPF-ERCC1, especially after DNA damage. Collectively, these results demonstrate a new regulatory role for SLX4IP in maintaining an efficient SLX4-XPF-ERCC1 complex in ICL repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yin Ye
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zu Ye
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Xiong
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mrinal Srivastava
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mengfan Tang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Pugh J, Khan SG, Tamura D, Goldstein AM, Landi MT, DiGiovanna JJ, Kraemer KH. Use of Big Data to Estimate Prevalence of Defective DNA Repair Variants in the US Population. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155:72-78. [PMID: 30516811 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.4473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Importance Wide use of genomic sequencing to diagnose disease has raised concern about the extent of genotype-phenotype correlations. Objective To correlate disease-associated allele frequencies with expected and reported prevalence of clinical disease. Design, Setting, and Participants Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a recessive, cancer-prone, neurocutaneous disorder, was used as a model for this study. From January 1, 2017, to May 4, 2018, the Human Gene Mutation Database and a cohort of patients at the National Institutes of Health were searched and screened to identify reported mutations associated with XP. The clinical phenotype of these patients was confirmed from reports in the literature and National Institutes of Health medical records. The genetically predicted prevalence of disease based on frequency of known pathogenic mutations was compared with the prevalence of patients clinically diagnosed with phenotypic XP. Exome sequencing of more than 200 000 alleles from the Genome Aggregation Database, the National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics database of healthy controls, and an Inova Hospital Study database was used to investigate the frequencies of these mutations in the general population. Main Outcomes and Measures Listing of all reported mutations associated with XP, their frequencies in 3 large exome sequence databases, determination of the number of patients in the United States with XP using modeling equations, and comparison of the observed and reported numbers of patients with XP with specific mutations. Results A total of 156 pathogenic missense and nonsense mutations associated with XP were identified in the National Institutes of Health cohort and the Human Gene Mutation Database. The Genome Aggregation Database provided frequency data for 65 of these mutations, with a total allele frequency of 1.13%. The XPF (ERCC4) mutation, p.P379S, had an allele frequency of 0.4%, and the XPC mutation, p.P334H, had an allele frequency of 0.3%. With the Hardy-Weinberg equation, it was determined that there should be more than 8000 patients who are homozygous for these mutations in the United States. In contrast, only 3 patients with XP were reported as having the XPF mutation, and 1 patient was reported as having the XPC mutation. Conclusions and Relevance The findings from this study suggest that clinicians should approach large genomic databases with caution when trying to correlate the clinical implications of genetic variants with the prevalence of disease risk. Unsuspected mutations in known genes with a predisposition for skin cancer may be responsible for some of the high frequency of skin cancers in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pugh
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.,Academy Enrichment Program Scholar, Office of Intramural Training & Education, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sikandar G Khan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah Tamura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John J DiGiovanna
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth H Kraemer
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Hill RJ, Crossan GP. DNA cross-link repair safeguards genomic stability during premeiotic germ cell development. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1283-1294. [PMID: 31367016 PMCID: PMC6675612 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Germline de novo mutations are the basis of evolutionary diversity but also of genetic disease. However, the molecular origin, mechanisms and timing of germline mutagenesis are not fully understood. Here, we define a fundamental role for DNA interstrand cross-link repair in the germline. This repair process is essential for primordial germ cell (PGC) maturation during embryonic development. Inactivation of cross-link repair leads to genetic instability that is restricted to PGCs within the genital ridge during a narrow temporal window. Having successfully activated the PGC transcriptional program, a potent quality control mechanism detects and drives damaged PGCs into apoptosis. Therefore, these findings define a source of DNA damage and the nature of the subsequent DNA repair response in germ cells, which ensures faithful transmission of the genome between generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Hill
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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Carré G, Marelli C, Anheim M, Geny C, Renaud M, Rezvani HR, Koenig M, Guissart C, Tranchant C. Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F: A rare cause of cerebellar ataxia with chorea. J Neurol Sci 2017; 376:198-201. [PMID: 28431612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The complementation group F of Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP-F) is rare in the Caucasian population, and usually devoid of neurological symptoms. We report two cases, both Caucasian, who exhibited progressive cerebellar ataxia, chorea, a mild subcortical frontal cognitive impairment, and in one case severe polyneuropathy. Brain MRI demonstrated cerebellar (2/2) and cortical (1/2) atrophy. Both patients had only mild sunburn sensitivity and no skin cancer. Mini-exome sequencing approach revealed in ERCC4, two heterozygous mutations, one of which was never described (c.580-584+1delCCAAGG, exon 3), in the first case, and an already reported homozygous mutation, in the second case. These cases emphasize that XP-F is a rare cause of recessive cerebellar ataxia and can in some cases clinically mimic Huntington's disease due to chorea and executive impairment. The association of ataxia, chorea, and sun hypersensitivity are major guidance for the diagnosis, which should not be missed, in order to prevent skin neoplastic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Carré
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.
| | - C Marelli
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - M Anheim
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France; FMTS, Medecine Faculty, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Geny
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - M Renaud
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - H R Rezvani
- INSERM U1035- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Koenig
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - C Guissart
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - C Tranchant
- Department of Neurology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France; FMTS, Medecine Faculty, Strasbourg, France
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Marelli C, Guissart C, Hubsch C, Renaud M, Villemin JP, Larrieu L, Charles P, Ayrignac X, Sacconi S, Collignon P, Cuntz-Shadfar D, Perrin L, Benarrosh A, Degardin A, Lagha-Boukbiza O, Mutez E, Carlander B, Morales RJ, Gonzalez V, Carra-Dalliere C, Azakri S, Mignard C, Ollagnon E, Pageot N, Chretien D, Geny C, Azulay JP, Tranchant C, Claustres M, Labauge P, Anheim M, Goizet C, Calvas P, Koenig M. Mini-Exome Coupled to Read-Depth Based Copy Number Variation Analysis in Patients with Inherited Ataxias. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:1340-1353. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Marelli
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Montpellier France
| | - Claire Guissart
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Montpellier France
| | - Cecile Hubsch
- Department of Neurology; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Paris France
| | - Mathilde Renaud
- Department of Neurology; Strasbourg University Hospital; Strasbourg France
| | - Jean-Philippe Villemin
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Montpellier France
| | - Lise Larrieu
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Montpellier France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Department of Genetics; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital; Paris France
| | - Xavier Ayrignac
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Montpellier France
| | - Sabrina Sacconi
- Peripheral Nervous System, Muscle and ALS, Neuromuscular & ALS Specialized Center; Nice University Hospital, Pasteur 2; Nice France
| | - Patrick Collignon
- Department of Medical Genetics; Sainte Musse Hospital; Toulon France
| | - Danielle Cuntz-Shadfar
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Montpellier France
- Department of Paediatrics; University Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Montpellier France
| | - Laurine Perrin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Department of Paediatric Neurology; CHU de Saint Etienne France
| | | | - Adrian Degardin
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Roger Salengro; Lille France
| | | | - Eugenie Mutez
- CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer; University of Lille, Inserm; Lille France
| | - Bertrand Carlander
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Montpellier France
| | - Raul Juntas Morales
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Montpellier France
| | - Victoria Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Montpellier France
| | | | - Souhayla Azakri
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Montpellier France
| | - Claude Mignard
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuro-musculaires et Neurologiques Rares du CHU de la Réunion; France
| | - Elisabeth Ollagnon
- Department of Medical Genetics and Reference Centre for Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases; Croix-Rousse Hospital; Lyon France
| | - Nicolas Pageot
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Montpellier France
| | - Dominique Chretien
- INSERM UMR 1141 Robert Debré Hospital and Denis Diderot University Paris 7; Paris France
| | - Christian Geny
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Montpellier France
| | | | | | - Mireille Claustres
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Montpellier France
| | - Pierre Labauge
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Gui de Chauliac; Montpellier France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Department of Neurology; Strasbourg University Hospital; Strasbourg France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Department of Medical Genetics, Pellegrin University Hospital, and laboratoire Maladies Rares Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), INSERM U1211; Université Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Purpan University Hospital; Toulouse France
| | - Michel Koenig
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University Hospital; Montpellier France
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Gregg SQ, Robinson AR, Niedernhofer LJ. Physiological consequences of defects in ERCC1-XPF DNA repair endonuclease. DNA Repair (Amst) 2011; 10:781-91. [PMID: 21612988 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ERCC1-XPF is a structure-specific endonuclease required for nucleotide excision repair, interstrand crosslink repair, and the repair of some double-strand breaks. Mutations in ERCC1 or XPF cause xeroderma pigmentosum, XFE progeroid syndrome or cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome, characterized by increased risk of cancer, accelerated aging and severe developmental abnormalities, respectively. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the health impact of ERCC1-XPF deficiency, based on these rare diseases and mouse models of them. This offers an understanding of the tremendous health impact of DNA damage derived from environmental and endogenous sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán Q Gregg
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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8
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XPF/ERCC4 and ERCC1: their products and biological roles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009. [PMID: 19181112 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09599-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
ERCC4 is the gene mutated in XPF cells and also in rodent cells representing the mutant complementation groups ERCC4 and ERCC 11. The protein functions principally as a complex with ERCC1 in a diversity of biological pathways that include NER, ICL repair, telomere maintenance and immunoglobulin switching. Sorting out these roles is an exciting and challenging problem and many important questions remain to be answered. The ERCC1/ERCC4 complex is conserved across most species presenting an opportunity to examine some functions in model organisms where mutants can be more readily generated and phenotypes more quickly assessed.
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Abstract
Hydroa vacciniforme is a rare, idiopathic photodermatosis with an onset in childhood and characterized by acute vesiculation, crusting and scarring following sun exposure. Familial cases are extremely rare with only one previous report. We report a brother and sister, both of whom have developed hydroa vacciniforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Dumbarton Road, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K
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10
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de Laat WL, Sijbers AM, Odijk H, Jaspers NG, Hoeijmakers JH. Mapping of interaction domains between human repair proteins ERCC1 and XPF. Nucleic Acids Res 1998; 26:4146-52. [PMID: 9722633 PMCID: PMC147836 DOI: 10.1093/nar/26.18.4146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ERCC1-XPF is a heterodimeric protein complexinvolved in nucleotide excision repair and recombinational processes. Like its homologous complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Rad10-Rad1, it acts as a structure-specific DNA endonuclease, cleaving at duplex-single-stranded DNA junctions. In repair, ERCC1-XPF and Rad10-Rad1 make an incision on the the 5'-side of the lesion. No humans with a defect in the ERCC1 subunit of this protein complex have been identified and ERCC1-deficient mice suffer from severe developmental problems and signs of premature aging on top of a repair-deficient phenotype. Xeroderma pigmentosum group F patients carry mutations in the XPF subunit and generally show the clinical symptoms of mild DNA repair deficiency. All XP-F patients examined demonstrate reduced levels of XPF and ERCC1 protein, suggesting that proper complex formation is required for stability of the two proteins. To better understand the molecular and clinical consequences of mutations in the ERCC1-XPF complex, we decided to map the interaction domains between the two subunits. The XPF-binding domain comprises C-terminal residues 224-297 of ERCC1. Intriguingly, this domain resides outside the region of homology with its yeast Rad10 counterpart. The ERCC1-binding domain in XPF maps to C-terminal residues 814-905. ERCC1-XPF complex formation is established by a direct interaction between these two binding domains. A mutation from an XP-F patient that alters the ERCC1-binding domain in XPF indeed affects complex formation with ERCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L de Laat
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical Genetics Centre, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738,3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Sijbers AM, van Voorst Vader PC, Snoek JW, Raams A, Jaspers NG, Kleijer WJ. Homozygous R788W point mutation in the XPF gene of a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum and late-onset neurologic disease. J Invest Dermatol 1998; 110:832-6. [PMID: 9579555 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The second Caucasian xeroderma pigmentosum patient (XP42RO) belonging to complementation group F (XP-F) is described. Mild ocular photophobia was present from childhood, and acute skin reactions occurred upon exposure to sunlight. Basal and squamous cell carcinomas developed after his twenty-seventh year. In his late forties progressive neurologic symptoms emerged, which included intellectual decline, mild chorea and ataxia, and marked cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. Such neurologic abnormalities are very unusual in XP-F. Similar symptoms have been described in only one of 17 other XP-F individuals. His approximately 5-fold reduced activity of nucleotide excision repair in cultured cells, combined with moderately affected cell survival and DNA replication after UV exposure, are typical of XP-F. The recent cloning of the XPF gene allowed a molecular genetic analysis of this unusual patient. XP42RO, representing the second case studied in this respect, turned out to be homozygous for a point mutation in the XPF gene, causing an R788-->W substitution in the encoded protein. Surprisingly, this mutation had also been found in one allele of the other unrelated Caucasian XP-F case. The amount of mutated XPF protein is strongly reduced in cells from XP42RO, presumably due to a conformational change. Biochemical, genetic, and clinical data all indicate the presence of considerable residual repair activity, strongly suggesting that the R788W mutation is leaky.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Sijbers
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Sijbers AM, de Laat WL, Ariza RR, Biggerstaff M, Wei YF, Moggs JG, Carter KC, Shell BK, Evans E, de Jong MC, Rademakers S, de Rooij J, Jaspers NG, Hoeijmakers JH, Wood RD. Xeroderma pigmentosum group F caused by a defect in a structure-specific DNA repair endonuclease. Cell 1996; 86:811-22. [PMID: 8797827 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair, which is defective in xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), involves incision of a DNA strand on each side of a lesion. We isolated a human gene homologous to yeast Rad1 and found that it corrects the repair defects of XP group F as well as rodent groups 4 and 11. Causative mutations and strongly reduced levels of encoded protein were identified in XP-F patients. The XPF protein was purified from mammalian cells in a tight complex with ERCC1. This complex is a structure-specific endonuclease responsible for the 5' incision during repair. These results demonstrate that the XPF, ERCC4, and ERCC11 genes are equivalent, complete the isolation of the XP genes that form the core nucleotide excision repair system, and solve the catalytic function of the XPF-containing complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Sijbers
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam The Netherlands
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14
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Evans M, Robbins J, Ganges M, Tarone R, Nairn R, Bohr V. Gene-specific DNA repair in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation groups A, C, D, and F. Relation to cellular survival and clinical features. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Eker AP, Vermeulen W, Miura N, Tanaka K, Jaspers NG, Hoeijmakers JH, Bootsma D. Xeroderma pigmentosum group A correcting protein from calf thymus. Mutat Res 1992; 274:211-24. [PMID: 1380654 DOI: 10.1016/0921-8777(92)90067-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A proteinous factor was purified from calf thymus and HeLa cells, which specifically corrects the excision repair defect of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XP-A) cells. Recovery of UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis after microinjection of XP-A cells was used as a quantitative assay for the correcting activity of protein preparations. XP-A correcting protein appears to be very stable as it withstands heating to 100 degrees C and treatment with SDS or 6 M urea. A molecular weight of 40-45 kD was found both under native (gel filtration) and denaturing (SDS-PAGE) conditions. Calf XP-A protein binds to single-stranded DNA more strongly than to double-stranded DNA, but shows no clear preference for UV-irradiated DNA. Polyclonal antibodies raised against human recombinant XP-A protein, which strongly inhibit UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis of normal human cells, completely abolished XP-A correcting activity when mixed with calf thymus preparations. This indicates a close relationship between human gene product and the calf protein. In the final preparation two main protein bands were present. Only one band at approx. 41 kD showed both DNA binding activity in Southwestern blots and immune reaction with human XP-A antibody, suggesting that this is the active calf XP-A correcting factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Eker
- MGC-Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Vermeulen W, Stefanini M, Giliani S, Hoeijmakers JH, Bootsma D. Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group H falls into complementation group D. Mutat Res 1991; 255:201-8. [PMID: 1922152 DOI: 10.1016/0921-8777(91)90054-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Vermeulen
- MGC, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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KONDO S, MIYAMOTO C, KEONG CH, SATOH Y, FUJIWARA Y, SEKI K, KANDA H. Sid patients bearing basaliomas in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.2336/nishinihonhifu.52.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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Robbins JH. No lack of complementation for unscheduled DNA synthesis between xeroderma pigmentosum complementation groups D and H. Hum Genet 1989; 84:99-101. [PMID: 2606486 DOI: 10.1007/bf00210685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Yamamura K, Ichihashi M, Hiramoto T, Ogoshi M, Nishioka K, Fujiwara Y. Clinical and photobiological characteristics of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F: a review of cases from Japan. Br J Dermatol 1989; 121:471-80. [PMID: 2696553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb15514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A 61-year-old female patient with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), registered as XP46KO, was assigned to complementation group F by the cell fusion-complementation method. The XP46KO fibroblasts in culture exhibited a defective DNA repair capacity of 10-15% unscheduled DNA synthesis and a 3-fold sensitivity to the lethal effect of 254 nm ultraviolet light compared with normal cells. The patient had mild clinical symptoms consisting of numerous pigmented freckles and a small number of seborrheic keratosis-like papules. She had no skin cancers in the sun-exposed areas of the skin and so far no neurological abnormalities. A review of 11 Japanese group F patients revealed very mild skin symptoms with no ocular or neuro-psychiatric abnormalities. Single skin cancers occurred in only 3 of the 11 patients with an average age of 52 years for their first skin malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamamura
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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