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Abdelaziz K, Helmy YA, Yitbarek A, Hodgins DC, Sharafeldin TA, Selim MSH. Advances in Poultry Vaccines: Leveraging Biotechnology for Improving Vaccine Development, Stability, and Delivery. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:134. [PMID: 38400118 PMCID: PMC10893217 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapidly increasing demand for poultry products and the current challenges facing the poultry industry, the application of biotechnology to enhance poultry production has gained growing significance. Biotechnology encompasses all forms of technology that can be harnessed to improve poultry health and production efficiency. Notably, biotechnology-based approaches have fueled rapid advances in biological research, including (a) genetic manipulation in poultry breeding to improve the growth and egg production traits and disease resistance, (b) rapid identification of infectious agents using DNA-based approaches, (c) inclusion of natural and synthetic feed additives to poultry diets to enhance their nutritional value and maximize feed utilization by birds, and (d) production of biological products such as vaccines and various types of immunostimulants to increase the defensive activity of the immune system against pathogenic infection. Indeed, managing both existing and newly emerging infectious diseases presents a challenge for poultry production. However, recent strides in vaccine technology are demonstrating significant promise for disease prevention and control. This review focuses on the evolving applications of biotechnology aimed at enhancing vaccine immunogenicity, efficacy, stability, and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Abdelaziz
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University Poole Agricultural Center, Jersey Ln #129, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Clemson University School of Health Research (CUSHR), Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA;
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 531 S College Ave, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Douglas C. Hodgins
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Tamer A. Sharafeldin
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (T.A.S.); (M.S.H.S.)
| | - Mohamed S. H. Selim
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (T.A.S.); (M.S.H.S.)
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Shih CH, Chang YC, Lai YC, Chiou HY. Investigating the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in feline injection site sarcoma. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:276. [PMID: 35836213 PMCID: PMC9281114 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs) are malignant mesenchymal tumors of different histotypes. The pathogenesis of FISS has been correlated with chronic inflammation, resulting in neoplastic transformation. Activation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) have been demonstrated to play a critical role in tumor development by regulating signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival, metastasis, and angiogenesis in human medicine. To characterize the role of STAT3 in FISS, we first detected STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) FISS tissues using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS STAT3 was detected in 88.9% (40/45) of FISS cases, and phosphorylated STAT3 was detected in 53.3% (24/45) of cases. However, the expression levels of both forms of STAT3 were not correlated with tumor grade. To study the role of STAT3 in tumor survival, two primary cells derived from FISSs of two cats exhibiting consistent immunophenotypes with their parental FFPE tissues were established. A dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was observed in both primary FISS cells treated with the STAT3 inhibitor, 5-hydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-1-sulfonamide. CONCLUSIONS The STAT 3 may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of FISS and be a potential molecular therapeutic target for FISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsin Shih
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chiang Lai
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hue-Ying Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 402, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Molina VM, Morales J, Gutiérrez MF. Sarcoma felino posvacunal (FISS), reporte de caso en Colombia. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y DE ZOOTECNIA 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/rfmvz.v69n2.103266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El sarcoma felino posvacunal o sarcoma de sitio de inyección (FISS) en una neoplasia poco descrita en felinos en Colombia, se presenta posterior al uso de vacunas inactivas con adyuvante. El objetivo fue describir la presencia de un sarcoma felino posterior a la vacunación con leucemia felina virus inactivo, primer caso documentado en Colombia. Un felino, macho, mestizo, de 7 años de edad, esterilizado, vacunado con leucemia felina inactiva desde hace 3 años, desarrolla un nódulo de 5 cm de diámetro en la región dorsal, firme y no doloroso. En dermis profunda y músculo estriado, se evidencia proliferación neoplásica de células fusiformes, de crecimiento principalmente expansivo y en menor medida invasivo, que se organiza y forma haces cortos y fascículos largos que se entrecruzan, con focos densos y laxos y en focos se dispone en un patrón de espina de pescado. Las células presentan morfología fusiforme, ligeramente ovoide, irregular, algunas redondeadas, con citoplasma eosinófilo tenue e intenso en otros focos más densos. Se evidencia pleomorfismo celular y anisocitosis moderadas. Los núcleos presentan morfología redonda, ovoide e irregular. Se evidencia la presencia de uno o más nucléolos en algunas de sus células, cromatina principalmente granular fina, pleomorfismo nuclear y anisocariosis moderada. Se contabilizaron 4 mitosis en 10 campos con el objetivo de alto poder en 2,37 mm2, no se observa aparente invasión linfovascular, se evidencia compromiso de bordes laterales. Adicionalmente, discretos focos de necrosis multifocal < 50%, infiltrado inflamatorio mixto polimorfonuclear, neutrófilos moderados multifocales e infiltrado mononuclear linfocítico multifocal.
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Expression of Platelet Derived Growth Factor a, Its Receptor, and Integrin Subunit Alpha V in Feline Injection-Site Sarcomas. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Injection-site sarcomas are considered an important entity in veterinary oncology, especially in cats. The current study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGFA), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR-α), and integrin alpha subunit v in feline injection-site sarcomas (FISS). A total of 14 paraffin-embedded tissue samples previously diagnosed as soft tissue sarcomas were selected from the departmental archive and sectioned at 5µm using a microtome. Tissue sections were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin, Alcian blue-Periodic Acid Schiff (AB-PAS), Masson’s Trichrome, and immunohistochemically for PDGFA, PDGR-α, and integrin alpha v. The majority of the tumors were fibrosarcomas (n=13/14), except one case of myxoid liposarcoma. The tumors occurred at sites commonly used for injections or vaccine administration. Histologically, tumors were characterized by peripheral infiltration of mononuclear cells mainly lymphocytes, variable sized central necrotic areas, and many multinucleated tumor giant cells. AB-PAS staining revealed the presence of myxoid or mucinous areas in (8/14) tumors while trichrome staining demonstrated a variable amount of collagenous stroma in 12/14 tumors. Vimentin immunoreactivity was observed in all the tumors while smooth muscle actin and muscle actin staining was noticed in four and two cases, respectively. PDGFA and PDGFR-α immunoexpression was observed in all 14 cases while integrin alpha v in 13/14 cases. The results of the current study indicate that fibrosarcoma is the major morphologic phenotype of FISS. The PDGFA, its receptor, and integrin alpha v immunoexpression are increased in these tumors in cats which elucidates their role in the pathogenesis of FISS.
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Patruno R, Passantino G, Laface C, Tinelli A, Zito A, Ruggieri R, Luposella F, Gadaleta P, Laforgia M, Lacitignola L, Ammendola M, Ranieri G, Zizzo N. Microvascular Density, Endothelial Area, and Ki-67 Proliferative Index Correlate Each Other in Cat Post-Injection Fibrosarcoma. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010031. [PMID: 33379269 PMCID: PMC7823643 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are a large group of different tumor types both in humans and in animals. Among them, fibrosarcoma is the most frequent malignant mesenchymal tumoral form in cats, representing up to 28% of all cat skin tumors, while human fibrosarcoma, fortunately, only represents 5% of all sarcomas and 0.025% of the world-wide burden of tumors. This low incidence in humans leads to consideration of this group of tumoral diseases as rare, so therapeutic options are few due to the difficulty of starting clinical trials. In this context, the identification of research models for fibrosarcomas could be of great interest to deepen knowledge in this field and recognize new or possible biological pathways involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Angiogenesis is considered a fundamental scattering cause of tumor aggressiveness and progression in all forms of cancer, but only a few research parameters were developed and reported to express them quantitatively and qualitatively. The role in angiogenesis of microenvironmental stromal cells, such as fibroblasts, lymphocytes, mast cells, and macrophages, was largely demonstrated since this topic was first approached, while quantification of new vessels and their blood capacity in tumoral area is a relatively recent approach that could be well developed thanks to expertise in immunohistochemistry and image analysis. In this paper, a crossing study evaluating microvascular density (MVD), endothelial area (EA), and Ki-67 proliferative index was reported for a series of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 99 cat patients, affected by cat post-injection fibrosarcoma, by using a till ×400 magnification light microscopy. We aim to demonstrate that cat pets may be considered a useful animal model for better studying the correspondent human diseases and we report, for the first time to our knowledge, experimental data in terms of correlation among MVD, EA, and Ki-67 strictly involved in aggressiveness and tumoral progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Patruno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Strada p.le per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.T.); (N.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Strada p.le per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.T.); (N.Z.)
| | - Carmelo Laface
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “G. Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (P.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 10124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Tinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Strada p.le per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.T.); (N.Z.)
| | - Alfredo Zito
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “G. Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Roberta Ruggieri
- Cardiology Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Luposella
- Direction Départementale de la Cohésion Sociale et de la Protection des Populations des VOSGES (DDCSPP88), 88080 Vittel, France;
| | - Pietro Gadaleta
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “G. Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (P.G.)
| | | | - Luca Lacitignola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Strada p.le per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy;
| | - Michele Ammendola
- Department of Health Science, Digestive Surgery Unit, University “Magna Graecia” Medical School, Viale Europa, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “G. Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Strada p.le per Casamassima, km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (G.P.); (A.T.); (N.Z.)
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Stone AES, Brummet GO, Carozza EM, Kass PH, Petersen EP, Sykes J, Westman ME. 2020 AAHA/AAFP Feline Vaccination Guidelines. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:813-830. [PMID: 32845224 PMCID: PMC11135662 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20941784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The guidelines are a consensus report on current recommendations for vaccination of cats of any origin, authored by a Task Force of experts. The guidelines are published simultaneously in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (volume 22, issue 9, pages 813-830, DOI: 10.1177/1098612X20941784) and the Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association (volume 56, issue 4, pages 249-265, DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7123). The guidelines assign approved feline vaccines to core (recommended for all cats) and non-core (recommended based on an individualized risk-benefit assessment) categories. Practitioners can develop individualized vaccination protocols consisting of core vaccines and non-core vaccines based on exposure and susceptibility risk as defined by the patient's life stage, lifestyle, and place of origin and by environmental and epidemiologic factors. An update on feline injection-site sarcomas indicates that occurrence of this sequela remains infrequent and idiosyncratic. Staff education initiatives should enable the veterinary practice team to be proficient in advising clients on proper vaccination practices and compliance. Vaccination is a component of a preventive healthcare plan. The vaccination visit should always include a thorough physical exam and client education dialog that gives the pet owner an understanding of how clinical staff assess disease risk and propose recommendations that help ensure an enduring owner-pet relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy ES Stone
- Chair of 2020 AAHA/AAFP Feline Vaccination
Guidelines Task Force
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gary O Brummet
- DVM Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana,
Illinois, USA
| | | | - Philip H Kass
- DVM, MPVM, MS, PhD, DACVPM (Specialty in
Epidemiology) Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of
Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California,
USA
| | - Ernest P Petersen
- DVM, PhD, DABVP (Feline) Animal Hospital of
Parkland, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Jane Sykes
- BVSc (Hons), PhD, DACVIM, MBA University of
California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mark E Westman
- BVSc (Hons), PhD, MANZCVS (Animal Welfare),
GradCert Ed Stud (Higher Ed)) Sydney School of Veterinary Science,
University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Stone AES, Brummet GO, Carozza EM, Kass PH, Petersen EP, Sykes J, Westman ME. 2020 AAHA/AAFP Feline Vaccination Guidelines*. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2020. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The guidelines are a consensus report on current recommendations for vaccination of cats of any origin, authored by a Task Force of experts. The guidelines are published simultaneously in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (volume 22, issue 9, pages 813–830, DOI: 10.1177/1098612X20941784) and the Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association (volume 56, issue 4, pages 249–265, DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7123). The guidelines assign approved feline vaccines to core (recommended for all cats) and non-core (recommended based on an individualized risk-benefit assessment) categories. Practitioners can develop individualized vaccination protocols consisting of core vaccines and non-core vaccines based on exposure and susceptibility risk as defined by the patient’s life stage, lifestyle, and place of origin and by environmental and epidemiologic factors. An update on feline injection-site sarcomas indicates that occurrence of this sequela remains infrequent and idiosyncratic. Staff education initiatives should enable the veterinary practice team to be proficient in advising clients on proper vaccination practices and compliance. Vaccination is a component of a preventive healthcare plan. The vaccination visit should always include a thorough physical exam and client education dialog that gives the pet owner an understanding of how clinical staff assess disease risk and propose recommendations that help ensure an enduring owner-pet relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. S. Stone
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (A.E.S.S.); Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA (G.O.B.); Nova Cat Clinic, Arlington, Virginia, USA (E.M.C.); Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University o
| | - Gary O. Brummet
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (A.E.S.S.); Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA (G.O.B.); Nova Cat Clinic, Arlington, Virginia, USA (E.M.C.); Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University o
| | - Ellen M. Carozza
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (A.E.S.S.); Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA (G.O.B.); Nova Cat Clinic, Arlington, Virginia, USA (E.M.C.); Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University o
| | - Philip H. Kass
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (A.E.S.S.); Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA (G.O.B.); Nova Cat Clinic, Arlington, Virginia, USA (E.M.C.); Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University o
| | - Ernest P. Petersen
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (A.E.S.S.); Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA (G.O.B.); Nova Cat Clinic, Arlington, Virginia, USA (E.M.C.); Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University o
| | - Jane Sykes
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (A.E.S.S.); Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA (G.O.B.); Nova Cat Clinic, Arlington, Virginia, USA (E.M.C.); Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University o
| | - Mark E. Westman
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (A.E.S.S.); Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA (G.O.B.); Nova Cat Clinic, Arlington, Virginia, USA (E.M.C.); Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University o
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Maxwell EA, Phillips H, Clark-Price SC, Vieson MD, Selmic LE, Schaeffer DJ, Fan TM. Pharmacokinetics of platinum and safety evaluation of carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate beads after implantation in healthy cats. Vet Surg 2020; 49:748-757. [PMID: 31944331 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of platinum (Pt) and safety of carboplatin-impregnated calcium sulfate hemihydrate (C-I CSH) beads after implantation in healthy cats. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experimental study. ANIMALS Six healthy adult cats. METHODS Three C-I CSH beads were implanted in muscle pockets over the right and left hemithoraces of each cat (~3.9 mg/kg of Pt; 60.4 mg/m2 of calculated carboplatin). Hematology and blood chemistry were tested at baseline and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days postimplantation. Serum was analyzed for Pt at specific times from 1 hour to 21 days. Tissue was obtained for histopathology and analysis of Pt at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days at standardized distances from implantation sites. RESULTS Platinum was detected in tissues at all times and distances (range, 0.1-4.19 μg/g). Serum Pt increased up to 2.6 hours (3.25 μg/mL) then decreased sharply. Samples containing muscle had higher Pt compared with samples without muscle (P = .004). Mild hypercalcemia was noted in four cats, and mild inflammatory reaction was noted on histopathology of all samples. CONCLUSION Platinum was released from C-I CSH beads differentially into surrounding tissues over 21 days. Systemic absorption of Pt was minimal, but mild hypercalcemia occurred. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Implantation was well tolerated by healthy adult cats. Securing beads within muscle may limit Pt diffusion to targeted tissue. Although Pt concentrations did not achieve levels reported to be cytotoxic for feline sarcoma cells in culture, results provide evidence to support evaluation of efficacy in the tumor microenvironment of cats with locally invasive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Maxwell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Heidi Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Stuart C Clark-Price
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Miranda D Vieson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Laura E Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David J Schaeffer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
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Hsueh CS, Wu CH, Shih CH, Yeh JLS, Jeng CR, Pang VF, Chiou HY, Chang HW. Role of nuclear factor-kappa B in feline injection site sarcoma. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:365. [PMID: 31653220 PMCID: PMC6815016 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation has been implicated in sarcomagenesis. Among various factors, activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway has been documented being able to target genes associated with tumor progression and up-regulate the expression of tumor-promoting cytokines and survival genes in several human solid tumors. Feline injection sites sarcomas (FISS) are malignant entities derived from the mesenchymal origin. The disease has been considered to be associated with vaccine adjuvant, aluminum, which serves as a stimulus continuously inducing overzealous inflammatory and immunologic reactions. To understand the contribution of NF-κB in FISS, detection of activated NF-κB in paraffin-embedded specimens, in vitro establishment of primary cells derived from FISS, and evaluation of the effects of the NF-κB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), on primary tumor cells were conducted. Results In this study, nuclear expression of NF-κB p65 was detected in 83.3% of FISS cases and not correlated with tumor grading, sex, and age. Primary cells derived from FISS in three cats exhibiting same immunohistochemical characteristics as their original tumor were successfully established. The NF-κB inhibitor, DHMEQ, was able to prevent nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and colonization in dosage-dependent manners, and induce cell apoptosis in these primary FISS cells. Conclusions High expression rate of nuclear NF-κB p65 in FISS cases and dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the growth of FISS primary cells treated with NF-κB inhibitor suggested that NF-κB might be a potential molecular therapeutic target for FISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shun Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ho Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Shih
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jason Lih-Seng Yeh
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Ren Jeng
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Victor Fei Pang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hue-Ying Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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10
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Graf R, Guscetti F, Welle M, Meier D, Pospischil A. Feline Injection Site Sarcomas: Data from Switzerland 2009–2014. J Comp Pathol 2018; 163:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Benton J, Williams R, Patel A, Meichner K, Tarigo J, Nagata K, Pethel T, Gogal R. Gold nanoparticles enhance radiation sensitization and suppress colony formation in a feline injection site sarcoma cell line, in vitro. Res Vet Sci 2018; 117:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Cora R, Gal AF, Taulescu M, Tăbăran F, Vidrighinescu R, Cătoi C. Description of a Feline Injection-Site Fibrosarcoma with Metastasis in the Cerebellum. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/acve-2017-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Feline injection-site sarcomas were initially described by Hendrick and Goldschmidt (1991). The link between vaccination site and sarcoma occurrence suggested the term of vaccine-associated sarcomas. Our paper describes an unusual feline injection-site fibrosarcoma with cerebellar metastasis. A 7-year-old female domestic short-hair cat was submitted to the Pathology Department (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj- Napoca, Romania) for necropsy. A subcutaneous tumor (relapse) in the interscapular region and multiple metastatic masses in the lungs, kidneys, subcutaneous tissue (scapular and thigh regions) and cerebellum were observed. Cytological, histological and immunohistochemical (for vimentin, desmin, multi-cytokeratin, α-smooth muscle actin, S100 and CD45) analyses from all tumors were performed. Cytological examination identifi ed highly pleomorphic spindle-shaped cells admixed with neoplastic multinucleated giant cells. Histologically, all neoplastic masses were composed of numerous spindle cells arranged into interlacing bundles. Extensive intratumoral areas of necrosis along with a neutrophilic infiltrate were also detected. A fibrillary material was present among neoplastic cells (green stained by Masson’s trichrome method), suggesting a collagenous structure. In all tumors assessed, immunohistochemistry showed an intense reaction only for vimentin in numerous neoplastic cells. Based on the history, gross, cytological, histological and immunohistochemical data, the final diagnosis was recurrent feline injection-site fibrosarcoma, with multiple metastases (including in the cerebellum). Overall, an uncommon case of feline injection-site fibrosarcoma has been reported. This is the first consistent record of an injection site sarcoma in a cat with cerebellar metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Cora
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca , 400372, Romania
| | - Adrian Florin Gal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca , 400372, Romania
| | - Marian Taulescu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca , 400372, Romania
| | - Flaviu Tăbăran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca , 400372, Romania
| | - Raluca Vidrighinescu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca , 400372, Romania
| | - Cornel Cătoi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca , 400372, Romania
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13
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Maxwell EA, Phillips H, Schaeffer DJ, Fan TM. In vitro chemosensitivity of feline injection site-associated sarcoma cell lines to carboplatin. Vet Surg 2017; 47:219-226. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Maxwell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine; Urbana Illinois
| | - Heidi Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine; Urbana Illinois
| | - David J. Schaeffer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine; Urbana Illinois
| | - Timothy M. Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine; Urbana Illinois
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14
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AbdelMageed MA, Foltopoulou P, McNiel EA. Feline vaccine-associated sarcomagenesis: Is there an inflammation-independent role for aluminium? Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:E130-E143. [PMID: 28960714 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium has been found in feline vaccine-associated sarcomas. In this study, we investigated the potential for aluminium to contribute directly to tumourigenesis. Our results indicated that an aluminium hydroxide adjuvant preparation was cytotoxic and mutagenic in human-Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) hybrid cells in vitro. Moreover, CHO cells deficient in DNA double strand break (DSB), but not single-strand break (SSB), repair, were particularly sensitive to aluminium exposure compared with repair proficient cells, suggesting that aluminium is associated with DSBs. In contrast to CHO cells, primary feline skin fibroblasts were resistant to the cytotoxic effects of aluminium compounds and exposure to an aluminium chloride salt promoted cell growth and cell cycle progression at concentrations much less than those measured in particular feline rabies vaccines. These findings suggest that aluminium exposure may contribute, theoretically, to both initiation and promotion of tumours in the absence of an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A AbdelMageed
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - P Foltopoulou
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - E A McNiel
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts.,Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Saba CF. Vaccine-associated feline sarcoma: current perspectives. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2017; 8:13-20. [PMID: 30050850 PMCID: PMC6042530 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s116556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Feline injection site sarcomas (FISS; also known as vaccine-associated sarcomas) have been recognized for >20 years. Although uncommon, these tumors are iatrogenic, and vaccination against rabies and feline leukemia virus is perhaps the most common inciting cause. The exact etiopathogenesis is unknown, but it is widely accepted that inflammation induced by vaccines or other injections likely plays a critical role in tumor development. Injection site sarcomas are extremely locally invasive. Multimodal therapy, incorporating combinations of surgery, radiation therapy, and sometimes chemotherapy or immunotherapy, is recommended. However, tumor recurrences are common even with aggressive treatment, and many cats with FISS ultimately succumb to this devastating disease. While vaccination protocols play an important role in the management and control of infectious disease, veterinarians must be diligent in following established vaccination guidelines to minimize individual patient risk of FISS development. Early tumor detection and client education are also vital in the successful treatment of FISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey F Saba
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA,
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16
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Vascellari M, Melchiotti E, Mutinelli F. Fibrosarcoma with Typical Features of Postinjection Sarcoma at Site of Microchip Implant in a Dog: Histologic and Immunohistochemical Study. Vet Pathol 2016; 43:545-8. [PMID: 16846997 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-4-545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 9-year-old, male French Bulldog was examined for a subcutaneous mass located at the site of a microchip implant. Cytologic examination of the mass was suggestive of a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm. Histologically, the mass was confirmed as a high-grade infiltrative fibrosarcoma, with multifocal necrosis and peripheral lymphoid aggregates. By immunohistochemistry, the sample was investigated for vimentin, smooth-muscle actin (SMA), CD3, CD79α, and CD18. All the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin. Scattered cells at the periphery of the lesion were also positive for SMA, highlighting a myofibroblastic phenotype. The lymphoid cells were positive for CD18 and CD3. No aluminum deposits were detected by the aurintricarboxylic acid method. A diagnosis of fibrosarcoma morphologically similar to feline postinjection sarcomas was made. Fibrosarcomas at the site of injections have been reported in dogs and ferrets. Furthermore, neoplastic growth at the site of microchip implant in dog and laboratory rodents has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro (PD) (Italy).
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17
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Nieto A, Sánchez MA, Martínez E, Rollán E. Immunohistochemical Expression of p53, Fibroblast Growth Factor-b, and Transforming Growth Factor-α in Feline Vaccine-associated Sarcomas. Vet Pathol 2016; 40:651-8. [PMID: 14608018 DOI: 10.1354/vp.40-6-651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fifty feline sarcomas associated with vaccine-site injection were evaluated to determine the immunohistochemical expression of p53 protein, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-b), and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α). Forty-one tumors (82%) were fibrosarcomas (FS), eight (16%) were malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH), and one (2%) was a chondrosarcoma (CS). Overexpression of p53 protein was observed in the nuclei of tumor cells in 28 (56%) sarcomas; FGF-b expression was found in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in 40 (80%) feline sarcomas, but the staining was more intense in the spindle-shaped cells of FS than in polygonal or round cells of MFH. The single CS faintly expressed FGF-b. The majority of feline vaccine-associated sarcomas (43 of 50, 86%) expressed moderate or intense staining for TGF-α in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Heterogeneous immunolabeling for p53, FGF-b, and TGF-α was present in neoplastic, multinucleated giant cells. Intense expression of FGF-b was statistically associated with younger cats ( P < 0.01) and with tumors with nodular growth patterns ( P = 0.02). In addition, sarcomas negative for p53 protein expressed FGF-b more frequently than did p53-positive tumors ( P = 0.04). The frequency of FGF-b immunostaining was significantly higher in sarcomas with intense expression of TGF-α ( P = 0.05). Immunohistochemical detection of p53 protein, FGF-b, and TGF-α suggests that these growth-regulating proteins may play different roles in the development of sarcomas associated with vaccine sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nieto
- Departamento de Patología Animal II, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Brown CM, Slavinski S, Ettestad P, Sidwa TJ, Sorhage FE. Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control, 2016. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 248:505-17. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.5.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Swiss Feline Cancer Registry 1965–2008: the Influence of Sex, Breed and Age on Tumour Types and Tumour Locations. J Comp Pathol 2016; 154:195-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Carwardine D, Friend E, Toscano M, Bowlt K. UK owner preferences for treatment of feline injection site sarcomas. J Small Anim Pract 2013; 55:84-8. [PMID: 24329725 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Feline injection site sarcomas are therapeutically challenging because of their locally invasive nature. Several protocols recommend that the two perceived high-risk adjuvanted vaccines should be administered into distinct anatomical sites ("left hind leg leukaemia, right hind leg rabies"), which should aid surgical resection. This has resulted in a change in tumour distribution with an increased proportion situated caudal to the diaphragm when such a policy is adopted. The aim of this study was to determine UK cat owners' attitudes towards surgical treatments of different anatomical regions. METHODS A cross-sectional study of an anonymous convenience sample of UK cat owners was conducted from September to December, 2012 using an internet-based survey. RESULTS There were a total of 208 respondents: 39% would pursue surgery regardless of tumour site. One percent would not pursue surgery. Of the remainder, respondents would not allow amputation of the forelimb (20%), hindlimb (15%) or tail (15%). Twenty-six, 32 and 27% would not have surgical treatment of the inter-scapular region, chest or abdomen, respectively. The majority of respondents were willing to travel up to 100 miles for radiotherapy or chemotherapy (66 and 69%, respectively). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The current feline vaccine site recommendations may not be appropriate for UK cat owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Carwardine
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU
| | - E Friend
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU
| | - M Toscano
- Research Center for Proper Housing: Poultry and Rabbits (ZTHZ), Division of Animal Welfare, VPH Institute, University of Bern, 3052, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - K Bowlt
- Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 7UU
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21
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Scherk MA, Ford RB, Gaskell RM, Hartmann K, Hurley KF, Lappin MR, Levy JK, Little SE, Nordone SK, Sparkes AH. 2013 AAFP Feline Vaccination Advisory Panel Report. J Feline Med Surg 2013; 15:785-808. [PMID: 23966005 PMCID: PMC11110975 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x13500429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE This Report was developed by the Feline Vaccination Advisory Panel of the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) to provide practical recommendations to help clinicians select appropriate vaccination schedules for their feline patients based on risk assessment. The recommendations rely on published data as much as possible, as well as consensus of a multidisciplinary panel of experts in immunology, infectious disease, internal medicine and clinical practice.
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22
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Mowat FM, Langohr IM, Bilyk O, Koterbay A, Pierce KE, Petersen-Jones SM. Bilateral uveal metastasis of a subcutaneous fibrosarcoma in a cat. Vet Ophthalmol 2012; 15:391-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.00993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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24
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Brown CM, Conti L, Ettestad P, Leslie MJ, Sorhage FE, Sun B. Compendium of animal rabies prevention and control, 2011. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 239:609-17. [PMID: 21879960 DOI: 10.2460/javma.239.5.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Brown
- Departent of Public Health, Hinton State Laboratory Institute, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, USA.
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25
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Phelps HA, Kuntz CA, Milner RJ, Powers BE, Bacon NJ. Radical excision with five-centimeter margins for treatment of feline injection-site sarcomas: 91 cases (1998-2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 239:97-106. [PMID: 21718202 DOI: 10.2460/javma.239.1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate outcomes of radical excision of feline injection-site sarcomas (ISS) via assessment of local recurrence and metastasis rates, survival times, and complications associated with surgery. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 91 cats with ISS. PROCEDURES Medical records of cats that had radical excision of ISS without adjunctive treatment were reviewed. Information extracted included sex, type of surgical procedure, histologic tumor grade, tumor diameter, time from tumor detection to definitive surgery, complications associated with surgery, whether tumors recurred locally or metastasized, and survival times. Diagnosis of ISS was histologically confirmed, and additional follow-up was performed. RESULTS Overall median survival time was 901 days. Thirteen of 91 (14%) cats had local tumor recurrence; 18 (20%) cats had evidence of metastasis after surgery. Median survival time of cats with and without recurrence was 499 and 1,461 days, respectively. Median survival time of cats with and without metastasis was 388 and 1,528 days, respectively. Tumor recurrence and metastasis were significantly associated with survival time, whereas other examined variables were not. Major complications occurred in 10 cats, including 7 with incisional dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Radical excision of ISS resulted in a metastasis rate similar to rates reported previously; the local recurrence rate appeared to be substantially less than rates reported after less aggressive surgeries, with or without adjuvant treatment. Major complication rates were similar to rates reported previously after aggressive surgical resection of ISS. Radical excision may be a valuable means of attaining an improved outcome in the treatment of feline ISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Phelps
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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26
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Munday JS, Banyay K, Aberdein D, French AF. Development of an injection site sarcoma shortly after meloxicam injection in an unvaccinated cat. J Feline Med Surg 2011; 13:988-91. [PMID: 21880528 PMCID: PMC10832968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A single dose of a rapidly-absorbed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) was injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the interscapular region of a 12.5-year-old cat. A mild swelling was noticed at the injection site 6 weeks later. This progressed into a 5 cm diameter mass which was removed 6 months after the injection had been given. An injection site sarcoma (ISS) was diagnosed histologically. As the cat had not been vaccinated for at least 12 years, the previous NSAID injection was considered to be a possible cause of the ISS. Inflammation is thought to be important in the development of ISS. If injection of a rapidly-absorbed NSAID can stimulate sufficient inflammation to promote the development of an ISS, other non-vaccine injections may also have the potential to influence ISS development. This suggests that injection of both vaccines and non-vaccine medications should be minimised to reduce the risk of ISS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Munday
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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27
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Saba CF, Vail DM, Thamm DH. Phase II clinical evaluation of lomustine chemotherapy for feline vaccine-associated sarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 10:283-91. [PMID: 22236148 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of feline vaccine-associated sarcoma (VAS) is challenging, in part due to the high likelihood of tumour recurrence despite aggressive local therapy. Lomustine is potentially an attractive agent to add to the current treatment armamentarium. In this de-escalating phase I/II prospective trial, 28 cats with measurable VAS were treated at target dosages of 38-60 mg m(-2) every 3 weeks until disease progression. The overall response rate was 25%, with a median progression-free survival and median duration of response of 60.5 and 82.5 days, respectively. Haematologic toxicity, specifically cumulative neutropenia, was significant, and dose reductions and treatment delays were common. Although these data support further investigation of lomustine for the treatment of VAS, safe, multidosing protocols must first be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Saba
- Departments of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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28
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von Erichsen J, Hecht W, Löhberg-Gruene C, Reinacher M. Cell lines derived from feline fibrosarcoma display unstable chromosomal aneuploidy and additionally centrosome number aberrations. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:648-57. [PMID: 21527782 DOI: 10.1177/0300985811406887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate clonality and presence of numerical chromosomal and centrosomal aberrations in 5 established feline fibrosarcoma cell lines and in a fetal dermal fibroblast cell line as a control. The clonality of all cell lines was examined using limited-dilution cloning. The number of chromosomes was counted in metaphase spreads. The immunocytochemical analysis of centrosome numbers was performed by indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal antibody that targets γ-tubulin, a well-characterized component of centrosomes. Monoclonal cell populations could be established from all cell lines. In all feline fibrosarcoma cell lines, the number of chromosomes deviated abnormally from the normal feline chromosome number of 2n = 38, ranging from 19 to 155 chromosomes per cell. Centrosome hyperamplification was observed in all 5 feline fibrosarcoma cell lines with a proportion of cells (5.7 to 15.2%) having more than 2 centrosomes. In the control cell line, only 0.6% of the cells had more than 2 centrosomes. In conclusion, the examinations revealed that centrosome hyperamplification occurs in feline fibrosarcoma cell lines. The feline fibrosarcoma cell lines possessed 10 to 25 times as many cells with centrosome hyperamplification as the control cell line. These observations suggest an association of numerical centrosome aberrations with karyotype instability by increasing the frequency of chromosome missegregation. The results of this study may be helpful for further characterization of feline fibrosarcomas and may contribute to the knowledge of cytogenetic factors that may be important for the pathogenesis of feline fibrosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J von Erichsen
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Street 96, 35 392 Giessen, Germany.
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29
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Woodward KN. Origins of injection-site sarcomas in cats: the possible role of chronic inflammation-a review. ISRN VETERINARY SCIENCE 2011; 2011:210982. [PMID: 23738095 PMCID: PMC3658838 DOI: 10.5402/2011/210982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of feline injection-site sarcomas remains obscure. Sarcomas and other tumors are known to be associated with viral infections in humans and other animals, including cats. However, the available evidence suggests that this is not the case with feline injection-site sarcomas. These tumors have more in common with sarcomas noted in experimental studies with laboratory animals where foreign materials such as glass, plastics, and metal are the causal agent. Tumors arising with these agents are associated with chronic inflammation at the injection or implantation sites. Similar tumors have been observed, albeit infrequently, at microchip implantation sites, and these also are associated with chronic inflammation. It is suggested that injection-site sarcomas in cats may arise at the administration site as a result of chronic inflammation, possibly provoked by adjuvant materials, with subsequent DNA damage, cellular transformation, and clonal expansion. However, more fundamental research is required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin N. Woodward
- Technology Sciences (Europe) Limited, Concordia House, St James Business Park, Grimbald Crag Court, Knaresborough, North Yorkshire, HG5 8QB, UK
- Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, Breakspear Road South, Harefield, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB9 6LS, UK
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Giudice C, Stefanello D, Sala M, Cantatore M, Russo F, Romussi S, Travetti O, Giancamillo MD, Grieco V. Feline injection-site sarcoma: Recurrence, tumour grading and surgical margin status evaluated using the three-dimensional histological technique. Vet J 2010; 186:84-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Haddad JL, Goldschmidt MH, Patel RT. Fibrosarcoma arising at the site of a retained surgical sponge in a cat. Vet Clin Pathol 2010; 39:241-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2009.00209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Petterino C, Modesto P, Strata D, Vascellari M, Mutinelli F, Ferrari A, Ratto A. A Case of Interscapular Fibrosarcoma in a Dwarf Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:900-5. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A 1-year-old, intact, male dwarf rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) was vaccinated against myxomatosis and rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease in February 1999, and a localized reaction appeared in the same anatomic site within a few days. No regression was observed after subcutaneous antibiotic treatment. The rabbit was kept under observation, and the swelling apparently disappeared in 3 months. The owner then decided to avoid any further subcutaneous drug administration. The referring veterinarian examined the animal on July 2006 for the sudden appearance of a nodular, 4.5 cm × 3.5 cm × 2.0 cm, subcutaneous mass located over the interscapular space. Fine-needle aspiration was performed, and a population of neoplastic spindle cells, rare pleomorphic multinucleated cells, and rare leukocytes were observed. The mass was surgically removed, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and routinely processed for histologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical diagnostic investigation. The neoplastic tissue exhibited fascicles composed of malignant spindle-shaped cells with elongated to oval hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm. Occasional multinucleated cells were also observed. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for vimentin but did not stain for smooth muscle actin, desmin, myoglobin, and cytokeratins (AE1/AE3). Moreover, the histochemical stain for aluminum was positive. The diagnosis was fibrosarcoma based on morphologic and immunohistochemical results. The histologic features of this neoplasm were remarkably similar to feline injection-site sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Petterino
- Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Padua, AGRIPOLIS, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- The National Reference Centre of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, CEROVEC-Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marta Vascellari
- The Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Franco Mutinelli
- The Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Ferrari
- The National Reference Centre of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, CEROVEC-Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ratto
- The National Reference Centre of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, CEROVEC-Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
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Rogers DG, Aliano VA. Metastatic angioinvasive lymphoma (lymphomatoid granulomatosis) in a cat. J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:390-4. [PMID: 19407098 DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A subcutaneous mass removed from the right rear leg of a 17-year-old, spayed, female Domestic Shorthair cat was characterized histopathologically by granulomatous inflammation, sheets of large atypical lymphoid cells, and necrosis. The walls of the small and medium caliber blood vessels were invaded transmurally by atypical lymphoid cells. A diagnosis of angioinvasive lymphoma (AIL), or lymphomatoid granulomatosis, was made based on histopathologic findings. The cat was euthanized 2 months later because of recurrence of the mass and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity, and a necropsy was performed. The histopathologic lesion of AIL was seen in the skin and subcutis of the right rear leg, and neoplastic cell infiltrates were seen in adjacent skeletal muscle, right superficial inguinal lymph node, liver, and spleen. By immunohistochemistry, variable numbers of neoplastic cells expressed B-lymphocyte antigen 36 (BLA36) or cluster of differentiation (CD)3 markers, indicative of B- and T-cell lineages, respectively. Neoplastic cells were uniformly positive for vimentin and uniformly negative for cytokeratins and myeloid/histiocytic antigen. Although the cat had received a Rabies virus vaccine subcutaneously in the right rear leg 6 months earlier, the AIL lesion was not typical of vaccine-induced sarcomas. The AIL in this cat was unusual because the extrapulmonary metastases involved the skin and subcutis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Rogers
- Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Fair Street and East Campus Loop, Lincoln, NE 68583-0907, USA.
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Eckstein C, Guscetti F, Roos M, Martín de las Mulas J, Kaser-Hotz B, Rohrer Bley C. A retrospective analysis of radiation therapy for the treatment of feline vaccine-associated sarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 7:54-68. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2008.00173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Deim Z, Pálmai N, Cserni G. Feline vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma induced by aluminium compound in two cats: short communication. Acta Vet Hung 2008; 56:111-6. [PMID: 18401961 DOI: 10.1556/avet.56.2008.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of feline vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma (FVAF) are reported. The excised tumours were both characterised as well circumscribed, subcutaneous, firm and white with central necrosis. Histopathologically, they consisted of well-differentiated and variably sized and shaped anaplastic cells, characterised by marked nuclear and cellular pleomorphism including giant cells. The mitotic activity was low. Aluminium was demonstrated in the central necrosis and giant cells. Neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and negative for desmin and cytokeratin. The presence of feline sarcoma virus and feline immunodeficiency virus could not be detected by PCR in either case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Deim
- 1 Central Agricultural Office, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate Department of Mammal Pathology H-1149 Budapest Tábornok u. 2 Hungary
| | - Nimród Pálmai
- 2 Central Agricultural Office, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate Department of Histology H-1149 Budapest Tábornok u. 2 Hungary
| | - Gábor Cserni
- 3 Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital Department of Surgical Pathology Kecskemét Hungary
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36
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Hüttinger C, Hirschberger J, Jahnke A, Köstlin R, Brill T, Plank C, Küchenhoff H, Krieger S, Schillinger U. Neoadjuvant gene delivery of feline granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor using magnetofection for the treatment of feline fibrosarcomas: a phase I trial. J Gene Med 2008; 10:655-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Enhanced expression of interferon-gamma-induced antigen-processing machinery components in a spontaneously occurring cancer. Neoplasia 2007; 9:960-9. [PMID: 18030364 DOI: 10.1593/neo.07649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In human tumors, changes in the surface expression and/or function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens are frequently found and may provide malignant cells with a mechanism to escape control of the immune system. This altered human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class I phenotype can be caused by either structural alterations or dysregulation of genes encoding subunits of HLA class I antigens and/or components of the MHC class I antigen-processing machinery (APM). Herein we analyze the expression of several proteins involved in the generation of MHC class I epitopes in feline injection site sarcoma, a spontaneously occurring tumor in cats that is an informative model for the study of tumor biology in other species, including humans. Eighteen surgically removed primary fibrosarcoma lesions were analyzed, and an enhanced expression of two catalytic subunits of immunoproteasomes, PA28 and leucine aminopeptidase, was found in tumors compared to matched normal tissues. As a functional counterpart of these changes in protein levels, proteasomal activities were increased in tissue extracts from fibrosarcomas. Taken together, these results suggest that alterations in the APM system may account for reduced processing of selected tumor antigens and may potentially provide neoplastic fibroblasts with a mechanism for escape from T-cell recognition and destruction.
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Aberdein D, Munday JS, Dyer CB, Knight CG, French AF, Gibson IR. Comparison of the histology and immunohistochemistry of vaccination-site and non-vaccination-site sarcomas from cats in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2007; 55:203-7. [PMID: 17928895 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2007.36769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the histology and immunohistochemistry of vaccination-site sarcomas (VSSs) with non-vaccination-site sarcomas (NVSSs) in cats in New Zealand. To determine whether VSSs in cats in New Zealand have similar histological and immunohistochemical features to those previously described in feline vaccine-associated sarcomas (VASs) in North American studies. METHODS A retrospective survey of skin biopsies submitted between 2004 and 2006 was performed to identify cutaneous sarcomas from both vaccination and non-vaccination sites in cats. Vaccination sites included the interscapular, shoulder, or dorsal or lateral cervical and thoracic regions. All sarcomas were examined histologically, and smooth muscle actin and desmin were assessed immunohistochemically. Features previously described in VASs were assessed and compared. RESULTS Sarcomas from 34 cats were identified, 10 of which occurred at vaccination sites. Compared with NVSSs, VSSs were more likely to be located in the hypodermis and have greater cellular pleomorphism, higher mitotic rates, more frequent peripheral lymphocytic aggregates and multinucleated giant cells. VSSs were also more likely than NVSSs to show partial myofibroblastic differentiation, demonstrable using immunohistochemistry. The histological and immunohistochemical features of VSSs in cats in New Zealand are consistent with those previously described in VASs in cats in North America. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that VASs occur in cats in New Zealand. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The occurrence of VASs in cats in New Zealand would provide further support for restriction of the vaccination of cats to the minimum necessary to protect health, and adoption of the New Zealand Veterinary Association guidelines on vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aberdein
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Banerji N, Kapur V, Kanjilal S. Association of germ-line polymorphisms in the feline p53 gene with genetic predisposition to vaccine-associated feline sarcoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 98:421-7. [PMID: 17641147 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esm057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A case-control study was conducted in order to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the genomic sequence of the feline p53 gene with a predisposition to vaccine-associated feline sarcoma (VAFS). In the study, 50 domestic short hair cats with a confirmed histopathologic diagnosis of VAFS were matched to disease-free controls (1:2) by age, sex, and breed. Cats from both the diseased (case) and control groups were also negative for feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. Germ-line DNA was prepared from blood samples from cats in both groups and analyzed for sequence variation at 8 polymorphic sites in the p53 gene. A strong association was found between VAFS and the presence of specific nucleotides at 2 of the polymorphic sites. The strongest association was observed for a single-base insertion in intron 7 of the gene with an odds ratio of 8.99 (95% confidence interval = 3.42-23.57, P < 0.0001). The results of the study indicate that analysis of the presence or absence of the identified genetic markers in apparently healthy disease-free cats may help in predicting which individual animals are at greater risk of developing the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Banerji
- the Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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40
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Siddiqui F, Li CY, Larue SM, Poulson JM, Avery PR, Pruitt AF, Zhang X, Ullrich RL, Thrall DE, Dewhirst MW, Hauck ML. A phase I trial of hyperthermia-induced interleukin-12 gene therapy in spontaneously arising feline soft tissue sarcomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:380-9. [PMID: 17237297 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12), a proinflammatory cytokine, shows anticancer properties. Systemically administered IL-12 causes dose-dependent toxicity. To achieve localized intratumoral gene expression, an adenoviral gene therapy vector with IL-12 controlled by a heat-inducible promoter (heat shock promoter 70B) was developed and tested in a phase I clinical trial in cats with spontaneously arising soft tissue sarcoma. A feasibility study was done in 16 cats with soft tissue sarcoma using murine IL-12 and/or enhanced green fluorescent protein adenoviral vectors under cytomegalovirus or heat shock promoter 70 control. Subsequently, we conducted a phase I clinical trial using an adenoviral feline IL-12 construct in 13 cats with soft tissue sarcoma. The soft tissue sarcomas were irradiated (48 Gy/16 fractions) followed by intratumoral injection of adenovirus. Twenty-four hours postinjection, tumors were heated (41 degrees C, 60 min). Tumor expression of feline IL-12 and IFN-gamma was determined. Cats were monitored for systemic toxicity. For the murine IL-12 construct, an association was noted between viral dose and murine IL-12 levels within tumor, whereas serum levels were minimal. Mild toxicity was noted at 10(11) plaque-forming units (pfu). With the feline IL-12 construct, high levels of feline IL-12 mRNA were detected in tumor biopsies with low or absent IFN-gamma mRNA following gene therapy. Hematologic and hepatic toxicities were noted at the highest viral doses and were associated with detection of IFN-gamma mRNA in tumor. It is possible to localize gene expression and limit systemic toxicity of IL-12 using the hyperthermia-induced gene therapy approach. The maximum tolerated dose of the feline IL-12 adenoviral vector was 10(10) pfu/tumor as dose-limiting toxicities were noted at the 4 x 10(10) pfu dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Siddiqui
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Kirpensteijn J. Feline injection site-associated sarcoma: Is it a reason to critically evaluate our vaccination policies? Vet Microbiol 2006; 117:59-65. [PMID: 16769184 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Feline injection site-associated sarcoma (FISAS) or vaccination-associated sarcoma is a serious problem in cats because of the ethical and therapeutic consequences associated with the disease. The exact aetiology of FISAS is unclear; therefore, instituting preventative measures such as delaying or discontinuing vaccination schedules is questionable. This paper will give insights into the disease process, will attempt to answer the question, "what causes FISAS?", and will discuss preventative measures to decrease the chance of occurrence. Tumours are in general uncommon in the cat, however, malignant tumours, such as sarcomas, occur relatively frequently. FISAS have stimulated interest because of their reported linkage to certain types of vaccine. FISASs are reported to have an incidence of 1-10 per 10,000 cats and often appear in conjunction with a traumatic incident (such as a vaccination). The tumour displays an extreme malignant biological behaviour, both being locally aggressive and metastasising in 25-70% of the cases. Although the pathology still remains unclear, an exaggerated inflammatory/granulomatous response seems to be the predisposing factor in the transformation to FISAS. A multi-step carcinogenesis model, including genetic, iatrogenic and local factors seems to be the most plausible explanation for the occurrence of the tumour. Multi-modal therapy, based on aggressive surgical removal of the tumour in combination with radiation and/or chemotherapy, is usually recommended but randomised clinical studies have not yet been performed to prove the efficacy of any of the modalities. The question of whether FISAS can be prevented by not injecting irritant products remains unanswered. No specific brands of vaccine, manufacturers or factors associated with vaccine administration have been significantly associated with FISAS in a multi-institutional and epidemiological study. Control and evaluation measures as recommended by the US-based taskforce include determination of risk groups, extending re-vaccination intervals, the use of single component products and the use of consistent, predetermined sites for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolle Kirpensteijn
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.154, 3500 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Richards JR, Elston TH, Ford RB, Gaskell RM, Hartmann K, Hurley KF, Lappin MR, Levy JK, Rodan I, Scherk M, Schultz RD, Sparkes AH. The 2006 American Association of Feline Practitioners Feline Vaccine Advisory Panel Report. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 229:1405-41. [PMID: 17078805 DOI: 10.2460/javma.229.9.1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is a medical procedure, and the decision to vaccinate should be based on a risk-based assessment for each cat and each vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Richards
- Cornell Feline Health Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Charts and Tables. KIRK AND BISTNER'S HANDBOOK OF VETERINARY PROCEDURES AND EMERGENCY TREATMENT 2006. [PMCID: PMC7158574 DOI: 10.1016/b0-72-160138-3/50007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Martano M, Morello E, Ughetto M, Iussich S, Petterino C, Cascio P, Buracco P. Surgery alone versus surgery and doxorubicin for the treatment of feline injection-site sarcomas: a report on 69 cases. Vet J 2005; 170:84-90. [PMID: 15993791 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-nine cats were treated for injection-site sarcomas at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Grugliasco, Turin (Italy). The animals were divided into two subgroups: those subjected to four doxorubicin cycles combined with radical surgical excision 10 days after the second chemotherapy cycle (group A, 49 cats) or those treated with surgery alone (group B, 20 cats). Each cat was monitored for lung metastasis and local recurrence. In group A, 28 cats were alive at the end of the follow-up period. In this group, the recurrence rate was 40.8% while lung metastasis occurred in 12% of cats. In group B, eight animals were alive at the end of the follow-up period, while the rates of recurrence and metastasis were 35% and 10%. Neither the median disease-free interval nor the median overall survival was reached in either group. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martano
- Department of Animal Pathology, Surgery Section, School of Veterinary Medicine, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W Macy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Kass PH. Methodological issues in the design and analysis of epidemiological studies of feline vaccine-associated sarcomas. Anim Health Res Rev 2005; 5:291-3. [PMID: 15984342 DOI: 10.1079/ahr200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip H Kass
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Sorensen KC, Kitchell BE, Schaeffer DJ, Mardis PE. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in feline vaccine site-associated sarcomas. Am J Vet Res 2004; 65:373-9. [PMID: 15027688 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To screen for expression of 9 predominant members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, including membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), in primary tumor tissue biopsy specimens of vaccine site-associated sarcomas (VSS) in cats and compare expression profiles of VSS with expression profiles of non-VSS and carcinomas. SAMPLE POPULATION 31 primary tumor tissue biopsy specimens and 6 nontumor (normal) tissue biopsy specimens. PROCEDURES Tissue specimens were obtained from primary tumor biopsy specimens of cats. Primers for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay were designed on the basis of known sequences. Data were analyzed for patterns of expression of MMPs, MT-MMPs, and TIMPs. Differences in expression patterns were evaluated among cats of differing genders, ages, metastasis status, and overall survival durations, and between cats with VSS and cats with non-VSS tumor types. RESULTS A total of 31 primary tumor tissue biopsy specimens and 6 nontumor (normal) tissue biopsy specimens were screened for the presence of 6 MMPs and 3 TIMPs. Matrix metalloproteinase and TIMP expression was found in non-VSS, carcinomas, and VSS. No significant differences were found in patterns of expression among tumor types. Metastasis was found to be the only predictive factor for overall survival duration. A significant correlation was found between MMP2 and MT-MMP16 expression and overall duration of survival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The identification of MMPs in feline VSS supports an underlying inflammatory pathogenesis for this tumor. Expression of MMP2 and MT-MMP16 were correlated with survival time in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara C Sorensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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